2018高考英语高考英语新题型写作指导:读写任务解析

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高考英语新题型写作指导:读写任务解析

新题型写作分为两部分,即基础写作(15分)和读写任务(25分)。两部分分值共40分,在整卷中占有较大比例。其写作要求、写作思路和技巧与以往均有很大的不同。尤其是读写任务部分,难度较大。它要求考生先阅读一篇200字左右的文章,然后按照给定任务完成150字左右的作文。下面以高考考试科说明上的样题作为例子,全面解析该题型的写作步骤、方法及技巧。

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

(1) Let children learn to judge their own work. (2) A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. (3) He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. (4) Bit by bit, he makes the right changes to make his language like other people’s. (5) In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. (6)They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. (7) But in school teachers never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. (8)They do it all for him. (9) Teachers act as if the student would never notice a mistake if they did not point out it to him. (10) They act as if the student would never correct it unless he was made to. (11)Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. (12) Let the student do it himself. (13) Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.

[写作内容]

1)概括短文的内容要点,该部分的字数大约30词左右;

2)就“学生的学习错误该不该改正”这个主题发表你的看法,至少包含以下的内容要点,该部分的字数大约120词左右;

a)以英语学习为例,简述你学习过程经常出现的语言错误;

b)你是如何看待自己的语言错误;

c)你的老师如何对待你的语言错误;

d)你对老师的做法持什么看法?为什么?

[写作要求]

你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。

[评分标准]

概括的准确性、语言的规范性、内容的合适性以及篇章的连贯性。

可以看出,“读写任务”有如下的特点:1. 在写作内容的要求上,要求对所给的英文语言材料进行加工,即客观、准确而又全面地转述所给材料的观点,并在此基础上对材料观点做出判断,即表明肯定、否定或者折衷的立场。2. 在写作内容的量化上,要求比较宽泛,表现为整篇文章要求控制在“150词左右”,其中,概括所给短文和发表考生个人看法的部分的词数要求分别控制在30和120左右; “至少包含以下的内容要点”的字眼表明考生可以适当增加相关内容。3. 在综合语言运用能力的要求上,侧重考查考生转述他人观点、提出自我观点、论证所提观点的思维能力,考查考生概括能力、思辨能力和较高的语篇布局能

力。

因此,“读写任务”可以视为“指导性写作”,它侧重于完成隐性的、内在的任务,而非形式上的量的要求。比如,“概括短文的内容要点”并没有指出应包括哪些要点,而旨在考查考生对所给阅读材料中的信息进行理解并加以概括的能力。又如,“发表你的看法,至少包含以下的内容要点”并没有指明考生要提出自己的观点、论证其观点,并最后得出结论,考生应能提出自己的观点并加以论证,因为这是论说文自身的内在要求所规定的。那么如何解析、完成“读写任务”?

我们可以用以下几步来完成:明确任务、审读阅读材料、概括对方观点、提出自己观点并加以论证。

第一步,明确任务。认真阅读命题,弄清任务和要求。很明显,任务一是“概括短文的内容要点”。注意:概括阶段并不需要加上个人的见解。任务二是“发表你的看法”。你可以同意或者反对文章观点,也可以对文章的各种观点进行折中。

第二步,审读所给的阅读材料并整理其思路。

可以看出,该短文具有完整而缜密的论证要素,论点、论据、结论俱备:(1)为论点,(2)-(11)为论证部分,(12)、(13)为结论。其中,论证部分是从正反两方面进行论证的:(2)-(6)为正面论据,(7)-(11)为反面论据。

所给短文的说理思路可以整理如下:

1.论点Let children learn to judge their own work.

2.论据

1)正面论据

a. a child learning to talk does not learn ... to make his language like oth er people’ s.

b. in the same way, children learn ... make the needed changes.

2) 反面论据

But in school teachers never give a child a chance ... he becomes dependent on the teacher.

3.结论

Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.

第三步,概括转述所给短文的大意。

对短文进行概括是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程,需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力,而且要使用自己的语言来表达,“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”。因此,“概括短文的内容要点”,实为客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。

首先,对作者的观点进行概括转述。作者的观点是Let children Learn to judge their own work.这等于说Let children learn to correct their own mistakes.也就等于说Children’s learning mistakes should not be corrected by their teachers.因此,对作者观点的概括转述可以是The author thinks that children’s learning mistakes should not be corrected by their teachers.这里采用的是“正话反说”的写作方法,实现了概括对方观点的准确性。

接下来,对作者的正面论据进行概括转述。作者的正面论据是,A child learning to talk (孩子学说话)是通过notices ... the difference between his language and others’language, 从而自觉地一步一步地makes the right changes(自我校正)学会的。这就是说,A child learns to talk by comparing his language with the others.作者依次类推说,In the same way, children learn to do all the other things.这就可以概括为:Children learn by comparing their behaviors, including speech, with those of more

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