2017中考英语名词复习教案

中考英语名词专题复习教案

一、教学目标

1、名词的应用及各个环节变化。

2、掌握名词在试卷中的重要性。

二、考查重点

1. 可数名词与不可数名词

2. 名词的单数与复数名词所有格

3. 名词用法以及词义辨析

三、两课时

四、教学过程

名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。

普通名词?????

可数名词?????

个体名词：chair ，book 集体名词：people ，family 不可数名词????? 物质名词：rain ，ice ，sunshine

抽象名词：love ，knowledge

专有名词：

1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao

2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing

3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：

Sunday Monday Tuesday January February

4.表示中外节日：

国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day

Women’s Day

中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day

西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day Mother’s Day

Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)

5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:

CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT

NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP

１.drink---coffee, milk,tea…

2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge, tofu,…

3.sugar,s alt,pepper,butter…

4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…

5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass, plastic

名词单数的表达一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*a book，* an English book，* an hour。

名词的复数形式

1.规则变化

(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”/s/or/z/

* dog – dogs * book – books

(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/

*box – boxes *watch – watches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/

* country – countries

* factory – factories

请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s”

* boy – boys holiday-holidays

* monkey – monkeys

(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/

* half – halves * shelf – shelves

* knife – knives * leaf – leaves

特殊:belief---beliefs

特殊:roof---roofs

(5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero除外

* piano – pianos * zoo – zoos

radio-radios bamboo--bamboos

2.不规则变化

(1)单复数同形

Chinese – Chinese fish – fish Japanese – Japanese sheep–sheep

(2)变元音字母oo为ee

tooth – teeth foot – feet

(3).变man为men

man – men woman – women

policeman – policemen

Frenchman – Frenchmen

请区别：German(德国人) – Germans

(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)

(4).常以复数形式出现的名词

people clothes shoes

trousers glasses

这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数

* My clothes are newer than yours.

3.可数名词可以被a, an, one, two以及how many，many，a few，few，any，lots of, a lot of ，some等修饰

*There are a few people in the park.

*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?

1.Several _____ are talking under the tree．And they are talking about______.

A．woman; children B．woman; child

C．women; children

2. There are three in my family.

A. people

B. person

C. child

3. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day.

A. Germans

B. Germen

C. Germany

D. Germanies

4. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.

A. sheeps; knifes

B. sheeps; knife

C. sheep; knives

D. sheep; knife

5. There are four_______and two_______in the group.

A. Japanese，Germen

B. Japaneses，Germen

C. Japanese，German

D. Japanese，Germans

★不可数名词

物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。

work chalk time space music

money weather homework

wood information news medicine

1.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数

*Some bread is over there.

*No news is good news.

2.不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any，plenty of 等修饰

*They had much money.

*He does little housework at home.

* a rice (X) two bread (X)

巩固练习:

(1)一茶杯茶（2）一块冰

（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁

（5）半公斤鸡肉（6）许多瓶牛奶

4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同

glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) – a work(著作) time(时间) – times(次数)

1. Please give me ______ paper.

A. one

B. a pieces

C. a piece

D. a piece of

2. This table is made of_______.

A. many glass

B. some glasses

C. glasses

D. glass

3. —What can I do for you, sir?

—I'd like two_________.

A.bottle of milk

B.bottles of milks

C.bottles of milk

D.bottle of milks

4. We can do the work better with______money and

________ people.

A. less, fewer

B. fewer, less

C. little, little

D. few, few

1.当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等集体名词做主语时，如果看

成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。

2. e.g The class are waiting for her.

3.Tom’s family _____ rather big. Tom’s family _________ film fans.

4.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。

e.g The news makes her very happy.

Maths ___ not easy for him.

名词所有格

表示名词间的所有关系“…的”

一.名词所有格的构成方法

1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s”

Kangkang’s father Lucy’s book

2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可

Teachers’ office The Greens’ house

3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”

* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes

4.无生命名词的所有关系用of *a picture of the classroom

加名词，构成所属关系的短语

*the color of the wall

双重所有格

1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjoy it very much.

A. Children

B. Childrens’

C. Children’s

D. Child

2. The two bedroom are the ____.

A. twins

B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins

5.如果事物为2人或2人以上共同所有，

在最后一个名词后加-’s;

6.如果事物不是2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词

后都加-’s

6. Lucy is ____ sister.

A. Mary and Jack

B. Mary’s and Jack’s

C. Mary and Jacks

D. Mary and Jack’s

7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生

命的东西，也可以加-‘s 构成所有格

?重难点突破

8. It’s ____from our school to my home.

A. ten minutes’ walk

B. ten minute’s walk

C. ten minute walk

D. ten minutes walk

1 广东的省会the capital of Guangdong

2 教室的门the doors of the classroom

3 我父亲的一个朋友a friend of my father’s

4 他的两个兄弟two brothers of his

5 爱迪生的一些发明some inventions of Edison’s

6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)a picture of his brother’s

7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)a picture of his brother

名词的用法

1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数

* There are three banana trees over there.

2. man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致

*We need a man teacher.

*They are all women workers.

3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式

*a sports star *a clothes shop

小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因

1.Our hospital needs two___doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a

try.

A. women

B. man

C.woman

D. men

小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因

1.Our hospital needs two___doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a

try.

A. women

B. man

C.woman

D. men

名词所有格的几个注意点

可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略

* my aunt’s ( home）(我姑姑家）

* go to the teachers’ ( office）

(去老师办公室）

1 . Could you please get me some ________? I’m hungry.

A. apple

B. water

C. bread

D. egg

2. Something is wrong with my___. I can’t see anything around me.

A. nose

B. ears

C. eyes

D. mouth

3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it.

A. flowers

B. grass

C. villages

D. water

4. --- How far is your c ousin’s home from here?

--- It’s about two ______ drive.

A. hour’s

B. hours

C. hours’

D. hour

5. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite ______

A. worker

B. teacher

C. dancer

D. player

6.All the ______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday.

A．man B. men C. woman D. women