语用学礼貌原则

CONTENT Acknowledgments (1)

Abstract in Chinese (1)

Abstract in English (2)

Part I Introduction (1)

1.1 Language and communication (1)

1.2 1. International business communication by letter"""""" (1)

1.2.2 The importance of international business letters........。 (1)

1.2.3 English language and international business communication 2

1. 3. 1 What's politeness? (2)

1.3.2 Face, positive face and negative face (2)

1.3.3 Positive and negative politeness (2)

1.3.4 Politeness Principle of pragmatics and international business

letters communicating pleasant and unpleasant news (3)

'art II Politeness Principle of pragmatics and pleasant-news

international business letters (11)

2.1 What are pleasant-news international business letters? (11)

2.2 The language characteristics of pleasant-news international

business letters.............。. (11)

2.3 The sequence of ideas of pleasant-news international business

letters (14)

2.4 Kinds of pleasant-news international business letters (14)

Part III Politeness Principle of pragmatics and unpleasant-news

business letters......。二。二。.. (21)

3.1 What are unpleasant-news international business letters? (21)

3.2 The language characteristics of international business

letters? (21)

3.3 The seduence of the ideas of unpleasant-news international

business letters (28)

3.4 Kinds of unpleasant-news international business letters (30)

dart IV Conclusion................................‘ (36)

3ibliography--" (38)

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my thanks to Professor He Ruiyong

and Professor Zhu Pinfan for their valuable guidance and help

during the course of my writing the dissertation. Without their help,

I could not have finished the thesis in time. My thanks also go to all

the teachers who have taught and helped me here at Guangxi

Normal University.

语用学礼貌原则与国际商务报喜报优信函

九七级英语语言文学研究生农韦芳

导师:何瑞铺教授

朱品凡教授

语言是我们用以相互交际的信号系统。交际是语言的功能.交际即思想、感情、

信息的交流，乃人类一个重要的生存技巧。人们交际来满足各种各样的需要，含生理及心理需要。语言应用在人类交际中至关重要。“良言一句暖三冬，恶语伤人六月寒”。用得好，语言有利于我，用得坏，语言对我有害。我们生活在一个民主、进步的时代，这个时代一个令人关心的问题是，任何人的感情都不应受到伤害，至少不应受到语言的伤害，无论男女老少，尊卑贵贱，皆应如此。人生本来是平等的，我们应该平等待人。没有人喜欢受歧视，使感情、自尊心受伤害。人人喜欢赞美，无人喜欢贬损，这是人性。

人类思维的特点，就是在不同程度上把词与事物、人及思想联系起来，用来思

考的不是活生生的事实，而是词。日常生活中，人们总是把词和它们所指代的事物等同起来。同一个事物，用悦耳的言词来表达，人们就感到愉悦，用难听的话来表达，人们便感到不愉快，例如，对于报优的国际商务消息，若我们用积极肯定的语言来说，就可以减缓这个负面消息的冲击力，保存他人的消极面子，增加消极礼貌，保持顾客对我们的好感，增加我们的国际贸易。

语用学的礼貌原则与国际商务沟通密切相关。当书写报喜国际商务信函时，我

们应当遵循礼貌原则，多说有益于他人，赞扬、赞美别人的话，让高兴的顾客更加高兴，以此来增加积极礼貌，提高他人的积极面子。当书写报忧的国际商务信函时，我们应遵循礼貌原则，少说有损于人的话，减轻报忧消息对人的刺激，这样，就可以让本来已经大失所望的顾客，不那么失望和悲哀，本来令人不悦的消息也可以变得令人喜悦。

在人类交际中，语言应用至关重要。遵循语用学的礼貌原则，可以提高我们国

际商务沟通的能力和熟巧，加速，便利我们的国际商务沟通，使之更为有效。在这篇文章中，我们将从提高国际商务沟通能力及熟巧的角度，探讨利奇在礼貌原则下列出的六项准则，即得体、慷慨、赞誉、谦逊、一致、同情准则，在书写报喜报优国际商务信函中的应用，以便给我们带来更成功的国际贸易。

关键词:语言、交际、礼貌、商务

Abstract in English

Language is a common system of symbols by which we communicate with each other. Communication is the function of language. Communication is the exchange of ideas, feelings and information, and one of the most important human survival skills,

because people communicate to satisfy all kinds of needs, both physiological

ones and psychological ones. Language use is very important in human communication. " Donate people a good word, they will feel warm at heart even

in bitterly cold winter:wound people's feeling with a hurting word, and they

will feel cold even in swelteringly hot summer. "Well一used, language does good

to us;badly-used, it does harm to us. And one of the great concerns in the

democratic and progressive age in which we live seems to be to ensure that nobody' s feelings shall ever be hurt at least not by words, no matter who the person is,

male or female, young or old, rich or poor, well or unwell, high in social status

or low in social position. Everyone is created equal and we should treat one

another as such. No one likes to be discriminated against or prejudiced against,

likes his or her feelings to be hurt or his or her pride to be wounded. It is

human nature that every one likes to keep face and hates to lose face, likes praise

and dislikes dispraise, and likes to be treated politely and equally.

It is characteristic of human mind, in various degrees, of course, to