电焊工安全教育培训

Other Health Risks…
• Eye damage- More than 5% of all eye injuries in the construction industry are associated with welding, cutting, and brazing
– damage to retina – damage to cornea, resulting in cataracts – permanent eye damage
Health Hazards…Gases & Fumes
• Generally, gases and fumes come from…
– Base material & filler material – Coatings & paints – Shielding gases & chemical reactions – Process & consumables used – Contaminants in the air
– cancer causing agents include: cadmium, nickel, beryllium, chromium, and arsenic
Health Hazards
• Exposure to welding “smoke” may have… • Short-term effects
electricity • When working on electrically powered machinery, make sure the frame is grounded • Keep insulation on all welding equipment and
components dry and in good condition • Don’t change electrodes with bare hands, wet
gloves or while standing on wet or
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
• PPE must be used in conjunction with engineering controls and safe work practices
• Invisible UV light can cause “arc eye” or “welders’ flash”
– May include sandy or gritty eye, blurred vision, intense pain, tearing, burning and headache
Types
• Arc Welding • Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) • Metal Inert Gas (MIG) • Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) • Plaza Arc Welding (PAW) • Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) • And Many More…..more than 80 in all
– Chromium, nickel, arsenic, asbestos, manganese, silica, beryllium, cadmium, nitrogen oxides, phosgene, acrolein, fluorine compounds, carbon monoxide, cobalt, copper, lead, ozone, selenium, and zinc
Health Hazards…Gases & Fumes
• Welding “Smoke” is a mixture of very fine particles called fumes and gases • Welding “Smoke” contains fumes and gases including…
• Use appropriate filters on eye protection
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General Precautions
• Construction personnel that is welding should be properly trained and qualified • Inspect work area for fire hazards before welding ( there must not be present any kind of paper, oil, paper box or any thing which can caught by fire easily). • Don’t welding in wet place. • Make provisions for ventilation before welding • Compressed gas cylinders should always be secured in an upright position when not in use
– Bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, emphysema, pneumoconiosis, decreased lung capacity, silicosis, and siderosis
Long-term exposures
• Other health problems include:
CAN CAUSE SEVERE SKIN BURNS
• EPIDERMIS
DERMIS
SUBDERMIS
REDUCED POWER AND PAIN DUE TO DISTORTED POSTURE
Electrical Hazards
• Even though welding generally uses low voltage, there is still a danger of electric shock • Wet work areas, cramped work spaces • Falls, fractures and other accidents can result from electrical exposure • Even small shock can cause brain damage • Death can occur from large shocks
电焊工安全教育培训
Welding
• Welding joins two pieces of metal by the use of heat and/or pressure • Brazing or soldering involves a filler metal which has a lower melting point than the metal pieces to be joined • Metal cutting is done by heating the metal with a flame and directing a stream of pure oxygen along the line to be cut
– Use of one does not eliminate the need for the other
• Eye protection should be used in all welding operations
– Wear face shields or helmets and goggles or safety glasses
• Heat exposure
– Heat stress, – heat stroke – Skin burns and skin cancer
• Noise
– Can result in stress, increased blood pressure, may contribute to heart disease, tiredness, nervousness, and irritability
EYE INJURIES
• RETINAL INJURIES • CATARACTS • KERATITIS
EYE INJURIES
Hearing Loss
• HEARING LOSS CAN BE CAUSED BY HAZARDOUS NOISE LEVELS
EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
– Heart disease – skin diseases – hearing loss – chronic gastritis – ulcers of the stomach and small intestine – other reproductive risks
Other Health Hazards
and slow digestion
Long-term exposures
• Studies of have shown that welders have an increased risk of lung cancer and, possibly, cancer of the larynx and urinary tract • Welders may experience a variety of chronic respiratory problems, including:
– When not possible, use a 5 ft tall noncombustible barrier with a 30 min. fire-resistance rating or better
General Precautions
• All combustible materials should be removed from welding area or covered with noncombustible material, prior to welding
– Effects happen at or very soon after exposure
• Long-term effects
– Effects may happen after repeated overexposures or an extended time after the exposure
Electrical Precautions
• Always use dry gloves • Always wear rubber soled shoes • Always use insulating layers • Protect yourself from surfaces that conduct
Short-term exposures
• Welding “smoke” can :
– irritate the eyes, nose, chest and respiratory tract – cause coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath,
bronchitis, pulmonary edema, and pneumonitis – cause nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, cramps,
General Precautions
• Gas cylinders should be stored at least 20 feet away from flammable materials and heat sources in Vertical position. • Oxygen cylinders should be stored at least 20 feet away from gas cylinders and combustible materials.