英语长句的翻译方法

长句的翻译方法
1．顺序翻译法
（1）The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是，在过去二十年
时间里，我们已经认定，妇女们应
该能够且应该想做男人们想做男
人们传统上所做的一切，而同时也
能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的
一切同样好。

（2）Exercise
*Prior to the twentieth century,
women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.
2. 逆序翻译法
（1）It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students
are not to waste their
opportuniti es,there will have to
be much detailed information
about courses and advice.
因此，如果要使学生充分利用（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。

这个问题显得越来越重要了。

（2）Exercises
*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.
*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.
*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.
3. 分译法
翻译英语句子时，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可，但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。

把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子，这叫分译法。

使用分译法，可以把原句中的一个词，一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两
个以上的句子。

一、把原文中单词译成句子
（一）副词
1．They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.
他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上，但没得逞。

2．The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.
中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。

（副词分译）
3．Not surprisingly, he was constantly receiving complaints from all of
them about his not giving value
for money.
毫不奇怪，他经常受到来自他们之中的种种埋怨，说他光拿钱不干活。

4．Characteristically, Mr. Smith concealed his feelings and watched and learned.
怀特先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会，他的特点就是这样。

（二）形容词
1．That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。

（形容词
分译）
2．She is grateful for his defense.
他为她挺身而出，她很感激。

3．The guest was pleased by the distinction but not overwhelmed.
来宾对这种破格礼遇感到高兴，但没有受宠若惊。

4．Suddenly the door bursts and Gorge appears, dirty, disheveled,
and bad ragged, with a nasty cut
on his chin.
突然，门开了，乔治出现了。

他十分肮脏，衣冠不整，浑身是泥，下巴严重划伤。

5．The elements are less reserved and distinct.
宇宙各种元素并不像以前那么含蓄，也不像以前那么截然不同。

(三)名词
1．He shook his head and his eyes were wide , then narrowed in indignation .
他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接
着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒
的神色。

（名词分译）
2．It was our mistake to have kept nagging you.
我们老是唠叨着催你，是我们不对。

3．The truth is I have someone in my mind some time but I’ve been
postponing telling my parents.
实际情况是，一段时间以来我已经有了心上人，不过我一直拖着，没有告诉父母。

4．I wanted to laugh at their harmlessness.
它们无法作恶了，我真想放声大笑。

二、把原文中的短语译成句子
1．I wrote four books in the first three years , a record never touched before .
我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。

（名词短语分译）2．She had such a kindly , smiling ,
tender , gentle , generous heart of her own.
她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，器量又大，为人又乐观。

（单词搭配分译）
3．And in their further disputes she always returned to his point ,“Get
me a situation——we hate each
other , and I am ready to go .”
从此以后他们每拌一次嘴，她就回
到老题目，说道：“给我找个事情，反正咱们你恨我，我嫌你，我愿意
走。

”（修辞需要词语分译）4．Because of their origions in the public school system , these
institutions do respond to the
needs and desires of the
community .
由于社会学院源自公立教育体系，它们必须按照社区的需求去做。

（介词短语分译）
5．To compare the weight of different types of objects , we should have
to weigh equal volumes of each .
要比较两种不同物体的重量，就必须取同样的体积进行称量。

（不定式短语分译）
6．Handsome young men must have something to live on, as well as the plain.
美男子和凡夫俗子一样，也要有饭吃，有衣穿。

7．Please reply at your earliest
convenience.
您要是方便，请尽早回信。

8．My parents started at each other in silence for a while.
一时间，父母面面相觑，沉默不语。

9．With his failures in life came the fears for the future.
他因生活屡遭失败，所以对前途忧心忡忡。

三、把单句译成两个以上的句子1．Then a large group of boys and girls , friends of Tom and Joe ,
came to the school and stood
looking over the fence i nto the
yard where they had played
together .
随后，一大群男孩子和女孩子来
到了学校，他们都是汤姆和乔的
朋友。

他们站在那里，注视着栅
栏外曾经一起玩耍的地方。

（句
子并列谓语的后一部分分译）
2．Weeks became months .
几个星期过去了，几个月过去了。

（简单句分译成并列句）
3．And the stranger understood and appreciated.
这位生客会意，心里充满感激。

4．He tried to clear his mind and concentrate fully on the film.
他竭力摆脱杂念，集中
注意力看电影。

四、复合句分译
1．In dispute between two states with which one is friendly , try not to get involved .
当两国发生争端时，如与两国都
友好，第二国则力避卷入。

（定
语从句分译成状语）
2．At daybreak Tom was awakened by a sound that made him know
that he had new things to learn
about fear.
黎明时刻，汤姆被一种声音惊醒
了，这声音使他意识到自己面临
着新的可怕的事情（定语从句分
译成独立句）
3．这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们的政府和我们
做生意，以致建立外交关系。

The Communist Party and
progressive groups in those
countries are urging their
governments to establish
trade and even diplomatic
relations with us.
4．这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持
谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作
风，务必使同志们继续地保持
艰苦朴素的作风。

This must be made clear now
in the Party. The comrades
must be taught to remain
modest, prudent and free from
arrogance and rashness in
their style of work. The
comrades must be taught to
preserve the style of plain
living and hard struggle. (汉
语句中含有从一般或从具体
到一般的过度进行分译) 5．Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current
events, allows one to follow the
latest developments in science
and politics, and offers an
endless series of programs
which are both instructive and
entertaining.,
人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。

从电视里还可以看到层出不
穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的
新节目。

4．插入翻译法
利用破折号、括号将原文句子中的某部分信息以插入成分的方式插入到译文中。

在英译汉中采用插入语往往有两种情况。

一是将英语原文中已经有的插入语直接翻译成汉语中的插入成分放到汉语译文中；二是英语原文中没有插入语，但由于其附加部分很多，且结构复杂。

这时，汉语译文中就不得不采用插入法将其中的某部分信息用插入语的方式置于译文中。

英语中含有同位语从句的句
子在汉译时常常采用这种方法。

如：1．Although fluent in English, he uses---and sometimes nitpicks
with translate, a ploy that gives
him time to ponder his answer.
尽管他英语很流利，但他仍然要—
—有时还要挑译员的毛病——运
用一种策略来给自己争取时间思
考如何回答问题。

2. The snow falls on every wood and
field, and no crevice is forgotten:
by the river and the pond, on the
hill and in the valley.
雪，飘落在每一片森林、每一片田
野上：河边、湖畔、山上、谷底等
到处都是——就连岩石上的裂缝
中也都盖满了雪。

5．综合翻译法
*Digital computers are all similar in
many way such as having at least
the five parts which all work
together when solving a problem. 分析：这个句子由一个主句、一个定语从句和一个when引导的分
词短语组成。

主句中含有一个
such as 引起的同位语短语。

全
句有三层意思：（1）各种数字
计算机在许多方面都相似；（2）
至少具备五个部分：（3）这五
个部分在解题时都一起工作。

这三层意思都具有相对的独立
性，因此，译文化整为零，分
别叙述，分成三个单句。

从内
容上看，原文逻辑关系和表达
顺序与汉语基本一致，但因状
语放在谓语动词之后，和汉语
表达习惯不同，所以翻译时，
可顺中有序，化整为零，进行
综合处理。

译文：各种数字计算机在许多方面都相似，例如，至少具备五个
部分，这五个部分在解题时都
一起工作。

Exercises:
1.L et us admit, and regret, that he
honestly believes it possible to differ from him honestly.
2.W hat is needed is the magic touch, which Mrs. Thatcher undoubtedly possesses, to make the move from dry-as-dust economics to the exciting prospect of a policy geared （使适应）to creating a popular capitalism.
3.I n January 1991, as American bombs rained into Iraq, CNN’s live attack coverage found a particularly appreciate five time zone away, in Beijing.
4.T here are swift rivers, slow, sluggish(缓慢的) rivers, mighty rivers with several mouths, rivers that carry vast loads of alluvium(冲积土) to the sea, clear limpid（清澈的）rivers that at the some seasons of the year have very much more
water than carry great volumes of traffic.。