变电站外文翻译--- 变电站的地质条件

附录一：外文翻译

Earthquake Research in China

Research on the Seismic-GeologicalConditionsfor a Large TransformerSubstation —A Case Study in theShimian Region , Sichuan Province

He Yulin1 ,2) , He Honglin3) and Li Yong1)

1) Chengdu University of Technology , Chengdu 610059 , China

2) Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province , Chengdu 610041 , China

3) Institute of Geology , CEA , Beijing 100029 , China

A seismic-geological disaster can obviously affect an engineering site in three aspects : the first isground faulting caused by the earthquake ; the second is strong ground motion ; the third isgeological disasters such as landslides , mud-rock flows and liquefaction. Through the casestudy of selection of the huge transformer substation in the Shimian region of SichuanProvince , this paper proposes that the activity pattern and spatial distribution of faults near thesite are crucial factors for evaluating the seismic-geological conditions for the location ofhugetransformer substations.

Key words : Seismic disaster ; Huge transformer substation ; Active fault ; Safe distance ;

Shimian region

———————————————————————————————————————INTRODUCTION

Large transformer substations belong to significant electric power engineering and their futuresafety are crucial . Damage to these facilities , e. g. by earthquake , can cause tremendous direct andindirect economic losses. The ground motioaccelerations caused by the January 17 . 1995 , M.>2Kobe , Japan earthquake exceeded theJapanese seismic design standard for electric power systemsissued in 1980 , so the electric power system in the earthquake-stricken region was severely damaged.

The statistics show the economic loss of the Kansai Electric Power Co. , Inc. alone reached 230 billionyuan (RMB) 2.The major damage caused by this earthquake to the electric power equipment was thetilting and toppling of transformers due to soil liquefaction , which led to damage to transformers ,circuit breakers , lightning arresters and power distribution lines , including the damage to porcelain ——————————————————————————

1 Received on April 10 , 2006 ; revised on December 7 , 20061 This project was sponsored by the National 973

Programme of China (4047109) .

2 N. Kawai. Damage to power system during 1995 Kobe earthquake. The 12th IISEE SEMINAR on Seismology &

Earthquake Engineering , 1998.

bushing shells of transformers at five 275 KV substations , one 187 KV substation and four 77 KVsubstations. There was a power cut for a long time in the quake-stricken region due to the breakdownof electric power equipment , which severely hampered the efforts of emergency disaster relief andhence aggravated the disaster.China is an earthquake-prone country. The previous earthquake cases demonstrate severe seismicdamage to electric power facilities too. With the constant development of the economy in China ,especially in the West China development drive , many important electric power facilities have been orwill be constructed. Owing to the frequent strong earthquake activities in the west part of China , thestudy on the seismogeological conditions in the selection of the sites of these electric power facilitieshas become very important .

1SEISMOGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE SITE OF LARGE ELECTRICPOWERFACILITIES

As is well known , a seismic disaster can obviously affect the engineering site in three aspects :the first is ground faulting caused by the earthquake ; the second is strong ground motion ; and the thirdis earthquakeinduced geological disasters such as landslides , mud-rock flows and liquefaction. So thelargest influencing factors in seismogeology on an engineering site are active faults and seismicintensity. The large electric power facilities should be located in relatively tectonically stable areas ,i.e. areas with little influence fromfaults and lower seismic intensity. According to the electric powerindustry standards of China-Technical code for investigation of geotechnical engineering of fossil fuelpower plants DLPT507421997 (Ministry of Power Industry , 1997) and the characteristics of actualseismic disasters , we should take measures to keep away fromfaults that may affect the stability of thesite area during site investigation for large power facilities. The distance to the fault depends on theactivity level and the dimensions of the fault , the thickness of the overburdens , the seismic intensityand so on. Generally it can be determined according to Table 1 as below:

Table 1 The safety distance of large electric power facility site to fault and the measures to be taken

Note : Adapted from Technical code for investigation of geotechnical engineering of fossil fuel power plant (DL P T 50741997)So , regarding the seismic and geological safety for large electric power facilities , there are twomajor influencing factors , one is the earthquake intensity and the other is the activity of the fault andits spatial distribution relation to the engineering site.

2CASE STUDIESTHE SELECTION OF THE SITE FOR THE 500KV TRANSFORMERSUBSTATION IN SHIMIAN, SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA

An Overview of the Studied AreaThe Shimian , Sichuan area is located in the

high mountainous area in the west of China , withabundant water resources. The Dadu

river runs through the area with a length of 84km. There are 27branch rivers in the

area with a catchment area of over 30km2 each , e. g. the nanya river , theXiaoshui

river , the Songlin river , and the Tianwan river , so on. The natural runoff volume in

the areais 27.3 billion cubic meters , and the exploitable hydro-energy resource is

4 ,500 megawatt . Recently ,various kinds of hydro-power stations were or will be

constructed in and around this area. So , theimportance of choosing the proper sites

for large electric power substations is self-evident . The electricpower department

selected four candidate sites in the area for evaluation , i . e. the Wajiao site ,

theSonglin site , the Sudaping site and the Meiluo site (Fig. 1) .The area is featured

with high and moderate-high mountains , the relief is cragged and theelevation of the most part of the area is over 2500m above sea level . In view of the tectonicenvironment , the area is situated in the juncture between the two first-order geotectonic units of theSongpan-Garzêorogen and the Yangtze para-platform on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau , where the geology is very complicated , and the seismicity level is relatively high andfaults are developed. The strikes of faults are mainly NW, NE and NS , including the Xianshuihefault , the Anninghe fault , the Daliangshan fault , the Xiyoufang fault , the Bingdong fault , the Jinpingfault and the Meiluo fault , etc. (Fig. 1) . Some of the faults are close to the sites , so their activitiesand spatial relations to the sites should be investigated in detail .

2.2 Fault ActivityInvestigations on geology , geomorphology and tectonic activity ( Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001 ;Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2003 ; Wen Xueze , et al . , 2000 ; Wen Xueze , et al . , 2001 ; Song Fangmin ,et al . , 2002) reveal that the Quaternary activities of the above faults behave differently. TheXianshuihe fault , Anninghe fault and the Daliangshan fault show obvious late Quaternary activities ,while others are all early-mid Quaternary active faults (Table 2) . The faults that have greater effect onthe sites in the area are the Xianshuihe fault , Anninghe fault and the Daliangshan fault . Thecharacteristics of these three faults are described as follows :

2.2.1 The Xianshuihe FaultThe Xianshuihe fault is a famous strong earthquake active fault in West China. It starts fromGarzêat the northwest , extends southeastwards via Luhuo , Daofu and Moxi of Luding and ends in thevicinity of Gongyihai of Shimian , with a total length of 400km. The fault is an active left-lateral strike-slip fault , striking N40°～50°W.The fault is characterized by marked Holocene activity , and faulted landforms and modernearthquake surface fractures are evident . Divided by the Huiyuansi pull-apart basin , the fault can bedivided into northwest and southeast segments. The studied area is closely related to the southestsegment .

The faulted landform is distinct along the southeast segment of the Xianshuihe

fault . Left-lateraldisplacement of geomorphic bodies , such as gullies , ridges , glacial till , river terraces and fans , etc.took place here and there , forming fault scarps and associated sag ponds. The average horizontal sliprate of the fault is 8mm/a (Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001) . The seismicity along the fault is featured byhigh magnitude and frequency. The biggest earthquake is the 1786 earthquake with M>7.0.75between.

Fig. 1The regional seismotectonic map of Shimian area (earthquake data is up to 2005)Major faults and number : ①Xiansguihe fault ; ②Anninghe fault ; ③Daliangshan fault ; ④Xiyoufang fault ;⑤Bindong fault ; ⑥Mengzhong fault ; ⑦Bailu fault ; ⑧Miaozikan fault ; ⑨Meiluo fault ; ⑩Baima Fault ;?lv Jinping fault ; ?l wYangjiagou fault ; ?lxF1 fault ; ?lyTongluofang faultKangding and Moxi , Luding.The Anninghe FaultThe fault starts from Tianwan in the north , extends southward via Jiziping , Zimakua , Jinchang ,Yejitong , Daqiao , Mianning , Lugushaer , Xinhua , Xining of Xichang , and Dechang , and dies out inHuili , with a total length of 375km. The fault shows a complicated en echelon relation with theXianshuihe fault in its spatial distribution. It is characterized by left-lateral

strike-slip with an evidentvertical component . The faulting has clear segmentation characteristics. With Xichang and Mianning asthe boundaries , the fault can be divided into three segments.

There has been no evident activity on thesouthern segment (south of Xichang) since the late Quaternary , but the middle and northern segmentswere obviously active in the Holocene. The studied area is closely related to the northern segment ofthe Anninghe fault .The northern segment of the Anninghe fault , i . e. the Xiaoxiangling segment , is 90 km long intotal . The structure of the Tianwan-Zimakua segment is relatively simple , consisting mainly of severalsubfaults distributing en echelon at lower en echelon angles , and it is a major fault on the plane. Inthe vicinity of Jiziping , the Anninghe fault extends NNW2NS , forming obvious slope ridge landscapesand offsetting mountain ridges and gullies left-laterally and synchronouslyTable 2 Characteristics and activities of major active faults in the Shimian area

.On the south of Jiziping , the gullies form a proluvial fan apron at the toe of slope. Because of thedifferent lengths of the gullies , their horizontal dislocation amounts are obviously different . TL datingof white sabulous clay sampled at the top of the proluvial fan formed by the gully with the dislocation of30m is 6350 ±500a BP. Accordingly , the average horizontal slip rate of this fault segment is estimatedto be ≥417mm/a (Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001) .So far , there are no definite historical earthquake records on the northern segment of theAnninghe fault . The only one is the 1913 M>6.0 earthquake. However , there are some surface tracesof pre2historic earthquakes preserved on the fault segment . Not far before 1440 AD ±90 , a strongearthquake occurred on the northern segment of the fault in the area north of Mianning , which is thelatest strong earthquake so far ( Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2001) . Combined with the results onpaleoearthquakes revealed by trenching at Yejidong (Wen Xueze , et al . , 2000) , the event possiblyoccurred in 1480 or 1327 and the magnitude of this earthquake is M>7.5.2.2.3

The Daliangshan FaultThe Daliangshan fault stretches in the hinterland of the Daliangshan Mountains to the east of theAnninghe and Zemuhe faults. It starts from Shimian in the north , extends southward via Haitang ,Yuexi , Puxiong , Zhaojuezhuhe , Tuodu , Jifulada and Jiaojihe , and ends in Qiaojia of YunnanProvince , with a total length of 280km. The fault appears to be left-step en echelon with theXianshuihe fault and right-step en echelon with the Xiaojiao fault . The fault strikes N30°Wto near NSin general ,the fault plane mainly dips to the east with higher angles , indicating an apparent left2lateralstrike-slip character. The studied area is closely related with the northwestern segment of the fault .The faulted landforms are distinct on the 4 sub-faults of the Daliangshan fault , represented mainlyby fault scarps , offset gullies , faulted ridges and sag ponds , etc. Young Quaternary faults aredeveloped in some segments. Research shows that the average

horizontal slip rate of the Daliangshanfault in the late period of the late Pleistocene is 2.6～3.9mm/a ,averaging 3mm/a (Shen Xuhui , etal . , 2000 ; Zhou Rongjun , et al . , 2003 ) . In the near field in the vicinity of Shimian , theDaliangshan fault offset the ultrabasic rocks containing asbestos left-laterally by 8km (Wang E. , etal . , 1998) , which may be the total displacement of the fault segment since the late Cenozoic. InJiaojipo-Dukanzi 10km south of Shimian , the fault cuts the side slope on the west bank of the ZhumaheRiver , forming obvious“trough in the slope”landforms associated with sag ponds of various sizes. Atthis site , synchronous left-lateral dislocation occurred when a series of gullies flowed through the faultline from southwest to northeast ; the topographical crest was also offset left-laterally by

75m～200m.The offset amounts on different-length gullies are different , indicating the accumulation process withtime.Results on paleoearthquakes (Song Fangmin , et al . , 2002) show that there were at least twopaleoearthquake events that took place on the fault , and the times are 35000a and 3500a B. P.Investigation was done by excavating a 6m-long trench across the fault scarp at Caomali and thenorthern wall of the trench revealed the stratigraphic succession as shown in Fig. 2.The twopaleoearthquakes revealed by the trench are : event I , which occurred before 7280 ±560a B. P. andoffset the layers ④and ⑤, and event II , which resulted in fault contact between the later depositedlayers ②, ③and ⑤,and was locked by layer ①; The occurrence time of this event is unknown. Theabove shows that there are geological records of strong earthquake along the Daliangshan fault .The above analyses show that the Xianshuihe fault , the Anninghe fault and the Daliangshan faultin the Shimian area are all highly active faults in Holocene. According to Table 1 , they are the ClassI activefaults.

2.3 Determination of Relationship between Power Station Sites and Spatial Position of Active FaultsNearbyThe Wajiao Substation SiteThe Wajiao site is located at Wajiao Village on the left bank of the Dadu river northwest ofShimian County , Yaan City. Topographically , the site lies in a deeply-incised mountain area , to itswest is the Dadu River , and it is on terrace II of the river. The rear edge of the site was affected bythe evolution of the alluvial fan at Hailiugou , so the terrain elevation has changed. The site is higherthan the Dadu river level , the average width of the site is about 400m ,being higher in the north andlower in the south , and the relative height difference is about 10m (Fig. 3) . The top layer of the stratabeneath the site is the Quaternary alluvium and alluvial-proluviumwith a drilling depth of 30m～

50m ,containing mainly silt clay , gravel ( boulder) intercalating intermediate coarse sand , and its bottomlayer contains granite of the Jinning period.

The geologic tectonic setting at the Wajiao site is relatively simple. Investigation shows that thesoutheast segment of the NW-trending Xianshuihe fault , 4.5km west of the site , is the closest fault tothe site.By field survey , it was found that mudrock flows have occurred several times in Hailiugou at therear edge of the site in recent years , and a larger event occurred in 1957 which caused considerableimpact to the site. Therefore , the geological hazard has a significant effect on the Wajiao site.The Songlin Substation SiteThe site is located at Songlin Village , Shimian County ,

Ya/an City , on the right bank of theDadu River at the confluence of the Dadu River

and the Songlin River. Topographically , the site liesin the deeply-incised mountain area in southwest Sichuan ; the elevation above sea level of the area is1000～1500 on the whole and the mountains are steep. It belongs to the alluvia-proluvial platform andhas a height of 100m～130m above the Dadu river level . Generally the surface of the terrace is higherin the west and lower in the east ; the top is covered with Quaternary alluvial-proluvial sand , silty clayand gravel (Fig. 4) , with the depth varying from 3m to 10m in general . On the western side of theplatform the Quaternary deluvium is distributed , which has a greatly varying thickness and containssilty clay intercalating massive broken stones with an unconsolidated texture. The east part of thebottom of the platform contains granite of the Jinning period (γ

2 ) ,which is exposed on the scarp nearthe river on the east of theplatform.

the sidesof the crush zone are covered by Quaternary overburdens , so they are not exposed completely. Ashallow seismic reflection profile trending N30°E in general was arranged in the site area , using a sixfold coverage survey system , and the profiling reveals that the southeast segment of the Xians Based on field investigations and in combination with analyses on drilling and geophysicalprospecting data , it is found that the NW-trending southeast segment of the Xianshuihe fault passesdirectly through the southwest side of the substation site and forms a 200m-wide bedrock crush zone atXiayakuai at about 115 km northwest of the site. The crush zone is developed mainly in Devonian grayand dark gray limestone , consisting mostly of mylonite , breccia and fault gouge , displaying acompression character , forming the quite spectacular landscape of the“tectonic stone forest”. Theeastern side of the crush zone is covered by Quaternary proluvium. The eastern segment of theXianshuihe fault is covered by Quaternary system in the site area , but the drill logs from bore (ZK02)revealed the typical fault crush zone substance ( breccia) . Surface geological surveys and interviewsindicate that the fish pound and its vicinity in the site was once a NW-trending depression , whileSonglin is at the relatively higher place. This is maybe the fault escarpment slope landform resultingfrom neotectonic movement of the fault and later being reclaimed to become farmlands. Near the waterdiversion channel at Tangjiapo in the Songlin site , an outcrop of about 10m-wide fault crush zone wasobserved. The crush zone develops

in limestone , consisting mainly of breccia and mylonite ; huihefault runs through the western part of the site and the width of the crush zone is about 150 m (Fig. 5) .To sum up , the southeastern segment of the Xianshuihe fault passes directly through the southpart of Songlin substation site. Studies show that the fault strikes NW and the crush zone is 150m～200m wide.

Meanwhile , the drilling (e. g. bore ZK02) in the east part of the site also showed the fault crushzone substance (breccia) , implying that the southeastern segment of the Xianshuihe fault has a strongimpact on this site. And it is also possible that several sub-faults may exist on the east of the majorfault . Since the Xianshuihe fault is a Holocene active fault with the potential of generating strongearthquakes , its future activities may create tectonic fissures that run up to the surface and producedistinct seismic ruptures , thus causing damage to buildings on the ground surface.The Sudaping Substation SiteThe site is located 5km northwest of Shimian county seat on the left bank of the Dadu River.Results of geological surveys and geophysical prospecting show that the site is covered byQuaternary loose overburdens with complex geneses. Topographically , the geomorphic unit of the sitebelongs to Quaternary accumulational platform of aqueoglacial deposits. The top of the platform is200m higher than the Dadu river level , being a U-shaped platform landform ( Fig.

6) . Around thesite , the vast geomorphic unit belongs to deeply-incised high mountain area , the relative elevationdifference is generally between 1000m～

2000m ,and the mountains are steep.The site is overlaid by Quaternary deposits with a depth varying greatly in the range of 20m～30min general . The underlying bedrock is Jinning period granite. According to the results of fieldgeological surveys and geophysical prospecting , the northwestern segment of the Daliangshan fault , theclosest fault segment to the site , passes through the north side of the site. Its geomorphicmanifestations are obvious on the north of Sudaping , featured mainly by fault col and a deep straightgully. Most of the fault is covered by Quaternary loose sediments , but it is well exposed near cols(Fig. 6) . The major fault strikes NWW, dips SWwith steep angles ,and is mainly displayed as a 60mwide zone composed of mylonite and breccia

.To sum up , the Holocene active Daliangshan fault passes through the north side of the Sudapingsubstation site , with a straight-line distance of 200m～300m to the site.

There are also the Xianshuihefault and the Anninghe fault about 3km west of the site. These regional active faults have the potentialto generate strong earthquakes with M ≥7.0.So , their future activities will have a significant impacton the site.The Meiluo Substation SiteThe site is located at Meiluo Village in the northeast of Shimian County on the left bank of theDadu river. The geomorphic unit of the site belongs to high mountain mild slope , the slope gradient ofthe site is less than 10°,and the relative height difference of the site is about 15m. The site has anaverage height of 1500m above sea level and 650m above the Dadu river level . Its relief is high in thenorthwest and low in the southeast . The geomorphic unit in the vast area around the site belongs to theDadu river’s deeply incised high mountain area , with a relative height difference of 1000m～2000m ,towering peaks , deep valleys and steep relief (Fig. 7) .

3 RESULTS OF SITE SELECTION

Based on the research into seismogeological conditions for the 4 sites in the Shimian area (Table3) and in combination with the consideration of safety distance between electric power facilities andfault s and the principles for measures to be taken (Table 1) , we can easily judge the pros and cons ofthe 4 sites.(1) Neither the Songlin site nor the Sudaping site can satisfy the required safety distance to activefaults as given in Table 1.Furthermore , to the Songlin site , antiseismic engineering measures againstsurface dislocation shall be taken , for the Holocene active Xianshuihe fault runs directly through thesite.Table 3 Comparison of results of seismogeological studies on the site of the 500KV transformersubstation in

the Shimian area

(2) Though the Wajiao site satisfies the above-mentioned requirement , there is a risk of mountaindisasters , such as mud-rock flows etc. , and the basic intensity is the highest there. So , constructionin this site would be expensive.(3) The Meiluo site fully satisfies the requirements on safety distance to active faults ; the basicseismic intensity of the site is the lowest ; the conditions are in favor of cost saving.To sum up , judging from the seismogeological point of view , the Meiluo site is the best among the4 sites for constructing an electric power substation in the Shimian area and

complies with relevantrequirements.

4 CONCLUSION The practice of site selection for a large transformer substation in the Shimian area indicates thatthe key factors to the seismogeological conditions of the site are the activity of fault and its distribution.And to determine these key factors , we need thorough and detailed field surveys to obtain the activitypattern and the spatial distribution characteristics of the fault , and if necessary , to explore the natureof the fault and the location it passes through using geophysical prospecting methods.Besides , the basic seismic intensity of the site is also an important factor. Obviously , the higherthe intensity is , the more complex the antiseismic measures for the engineering building structure willbe and the higher the construction cost will be.REFERENCESGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision , Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and NationalStandards Administration Commission. Code for Seismic Safety Evaluation of Engineering Sites of China , GB1774122005[M] . Beijing : China Standard Press , 200

5 (in Chinese) .Ministry of Electric Power Industry , PR China. Technical Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering of Fossil FuelPower Plant [M] . Beijing : China Electric Power Press , 1997 (in Chinese) .Shen Xuhui , Chen Zhengwei , Xu Rende , et al. Deformation characteristics and displacement amount of the Liangshanactive fault zone in late Cenozoic era [J ] . Seismology and Geology , 2000 , 22 (3) : 232～238 (in Chinese withEnglish abstract) .Song Fangmin , Li Rucheng , and Xu Xiwei. Preliminary results of the investigation of paleo2earthquakes along thedaliangshan fault zone , Sichuan Province , China[J ] . Seismology and Geology , 2002 , 24 (1) :27～34 (in Chinesewith English abstract) .Wang E , Burchfiel DC , Royden LH , et al. Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe2Xiaojiang , Red River and Dali Fault Systems ofSouthwestern Sichuan and Central Yunnan , China : Boulder , Colorado , Geological Society of America SpecialPaper 327 , 19981Wen Xueze , Du Pingshan , and Long Dexiong. New evidences for paleoearthquake and the time of the latest event on theXiaoxiangling segment of Anninghe fault [J ] . Seismology and Geology , 2000 , 22 (1) : 1～8 (in

Chinese withEnglish abstract) .Wen Xueze and Xu Xiwei. Late Quaternary Activity and Recurrence Interval of Large Earthquakes on the Moxi Fault [A] .In : Lu Yanchou et al. (eds. ) , Neotectonics and Environment , Beijing : Seismological Press , 20011 255～266 (inChinese) .Zhou Rongjun , He Yulin , Yang Tao , et al. Slip rate and strong earthquake rupture on the Moxi2Mianning segment alongthe Xianshuihe2Anninghe fault zone[J ] . Earthquake Research in China , 2001 , 17 (3) :253～262 (in Chinese withEnglish abstract) .Zhou Rongjun , Li Xiaogang , Huang Zuzhi , et al. Average slip rate of Daliang mountain fault zone in Sichuan in LateQuaternary period [J ] . Journal of Seismological Research , 2003 , 26 (2) : 191～196 ( in Chinese with Englishabstract) .About the AuthorHe Yulin , born in 1964 , graduated from the Department of Geology of Changchun GeologicalCollege , was granted a master’s degree in seismogeology from the Institute of Geology , SSB in 1988 ,and is an associate research professor in Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province. His majorresearch interests include seismogeology , engineering seismology , seismic hazard assessment , and etc.E-mail : heyulin @eqsc. gov. cn

中国地震研究

研究一大型变压器—变电站的地质条件-四川

省石棉地区中的一个案例研究

赫吁琳1，2），赫轰瞵3）李勇1）

1）成都理工，成都610059，中国大学

2）四川地震，成都610041，中国政府

3）地质，东航，北京100029，中国研究所

地震地质灾害能明显从三个方面影响工程场地：第一个是地面断层造成地震，二是强地面运动; 第三是如塌方，泥石流地质灾害和液化。通过对四川省石棉地区庞大的变电站选址的研究，提出了该地点附近的断层的空间分布和活动方式是影响巨型变电站所在地地震地质条件的关键因素。

关键词：地震灾害; 巨大的变电站; 活断层; 安全距离;

石棉地区

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引言

大型变电站属于重大电力工程，它未来的安全是至关重要的。这些设施的损坏，如地震，会造成巨大的直接或间接经济损失。1995年1月17日地面运动引起的加速度M>7.2，日本神户大地震超过了电力系统在1980年日本发行的抗震设计标准，因此在地震灾区的电力系统遭到严重破坏。该统计数据显示，关西电力公司的经济损失达2300.0亿元人民币。造成损失的主要原因是电力设备的损害。地震造成变压器倾斜和由于土壤液化，导致变压器损坏推翻，断路器，避雷器及配电线路，包括瓷器套管破坏

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1投稿于2006年4月10日，修订了2006年12月7日1该项目是由全国973赞助

计划在中国（4047109）。

2 N.河合。电力系统造成的损害，在1995年阪神大地震。关于地震和12日IISEE研讨会