英语句子成分讲解(1)

I have nothing to eat.
to do 不定式
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their
names here.
从句
六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目 的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语
• 1. We love China. • 2. She seems tired. • 3. He can speak English • 4. We have finished reading this book.
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.
They can speak English well. They are playing over there.
系动词
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或
态度，主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分 数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻 辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句 带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分 词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过
The match became very exciting. adj
The story of my life may be of help to others. 介词短语
Three times five is fifteen.
数词
His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式
构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。 这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形 容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
• 如： • With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事
可做，他很快就睡着了。
• The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此 句on his nose不可省略！）
二.五种简单句基本句型
系动词 主语+系+表语
他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要
有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.
Mary is a beautiful girl..
形容词 adj
The play has three acts.
数词
This is her first trip to Europe.
形容词 /序数词 /介词短语
China is a developing country.
现在分词 doing
2) It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 3) It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定)。
谓语
实义动词
连系动词 （V.） 情态动词
助动词
谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
_动__词___ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词, 情态动词和助动词.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
句子
（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一 般放在__动_词__/动__词_短__语_之后。__介___词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands. 名词 n We haven't seen her for a long time. 代词 pron Do you mind opening the window? 动名词 Give me four please. 代词和数词 He wants to dream a nice dream.to do不定式 We need know what others are doing.句子 We should care more about our friends. 介词+名词 She felt it her duty to take good care of them.
句子成分与结构
英语的句子成分：
一） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
To see is to believe.
to do不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子
I saw him going upstairs.
现在分词 doing
They found the house broken in. done 过去分词
宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的
复合结构
八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成 为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong. He died young. 他死时很年轻。（此句不是原宾 补变过来的）
二）谓语由__动__词_/_动_词__短__语__担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
十.
独立成分
感叹词、应答词、呼语、插入语 等，在句中可作独立成分，用逗号与 其他成分隔开。
Oh, my god!
感叹词
Come in, Mr Green.
呼语
This , I think, is the best way
to help the 分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则 应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。
only bones
结果状语
The students came into the classroom, singing and
dancing.
伴随状语
If he goes, so will I .
条件状语
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语
七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之 外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
三）表语 它的位置在__系_动__词_、__连_系__动_词___之后。 是用来说明主语的__性__质___,_特__征___, __状__态___的.
My father is a professor.
名词 n
Who's that? It's me.
代词 pron
Everything here is expensive. 形容词 adj
They elected me captain of the team. 名词
We try to make our country strong. 形容词
We found everything in good order there.介词短语
I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式
• 例： • 错句：Studying hard,your score will go up. • 正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your
score go up. • 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. • 解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，
He sat in front of them ,his dusty face maski ng his age. All things considered,the trip will have to be called off.
Game (being) over,he went home. • He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结
It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语
（五）定语 是修饰_名__词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修 饰的名词之_前____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰
的名词之__后___。
They are woman workers.
名词
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. 名词所有格
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有
prove, turn out
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。
一、介绍与其重要性
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好
文章。英语的句子成分有八种：
主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
●学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。 英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子 的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配， 就能写出完整、正确的句子。
She was called Lucy. 她名叫露西。
He was seen to go upstairs.有人看见他上楼了。
九、同位语
• 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或
名词词组，对前者进行补充说明
– The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
– This is my cousin, Helen. • 这是我的表妹，海伦 • We students should study hard. / (students
是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） • We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都
指同样的‘我们’）
I left the village five years ago.
时间状语
I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you.
目的状语
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻， 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的 主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本 身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻 译下列句子吗？
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( 说谎是错误的。)