人教课标高二选修7Unit2Grammar

(5) 作定语
Are you going to the meeting to be held
next week? (6) 作状语 She was too young to be assigned such work.
不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动 式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语， 或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。
6. She was very beautiful but she didn’t
like ___________ to be envied (envy) by all the girls
she met.
1. 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行 者是谁的时候, 或强调动作的承受者时。 Printing was introduced to Europe from China. Look! There is nothing here. Everything has been taken away.
_____________. to be painted paint 4. The house is sell _________. to be sold
to be laughed at (laugh at) 1. She hates _______________
by her classmates.
3. 在“too … to …; enough … to …”结构中。 The problem is too difficult to work out.
The house is big enough to live in.
4. 在“with + n. + to do”结构中。
With nothing to do, he lay in bed.
1. 在 there be 结构中。 There is a lot of homework to do.
There is no time to lose.
2. 在“… be + adj + to do”结构中。常用 的形容词有easy, difficult, hard, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, fit, dangerous等。 He is hard to convince. He is impossible to work with.
It is a good thing for him to have been
criticized.
She preferred to have been given
heavier work to do.
He thought it is an honour to have been invited to the party. The book is said to have been translated into many languages. (complex predicate) She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.
过去完成时：_________________ had been＋done The huge bridge had been damaged before the World War Ⅱ. will / shall have been＋done 将来完成时：__________________________ The book will have been published by the end of next month.
3. 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有 被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：
beg, equal, fail, hold, possess, fit,
become, contain, cost, fit, have, lack,
suit等。 This new English-Chinese dictionary
不定式由“to + do (动词原形)”构成, 其否
定形式是“not to do”, 不定式可以带宾语或 主语 状语构成不定式短语, 在句子中作 ______,
表语 _____, 宾语 _____, 宾补 _____, 定语 _____ 状语 或 _____, 独立结构 。不定式没有人称和数的变化, _________ 时态 和 _____ 语态 的变化。 但有 _____
形式主语
(2) 作宾语 She asked to be sent to work in Hong Kong.
(3) 构成复合宾语(宾补) He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didn’t like herself to be praised like that. (4) 构成复合谓语 The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式 主动 语态； 所表示的动作的执行者时用 _____ 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式 被动 所表示的动作的承受者时用 _____ 语态。 进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。
不定式的被动形式有பைடு நூலகம்列用法:
(1) 作主语 It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
cost me ten dollars.
4. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语 态，不及物动词没有。
如：战争爆发了。 The war broke out. The war was broke out.
“be ＋ 过去分词”这个结构并不都是 被动语态，也可能是系表结构。被动语 态与系表结构主要区别是：被动结构表 示一个动作，而系表结构表示主语的特
would be ＋ given 过去将来时：_____________________ The news would be sent to the soldier’s mother as soon as it arrived.
现在进行时：________________________ am / is / are being＋done The machine is being repaired in the workshop. was / were being＋done 过去进行时：________________________
1. My hamburger was eaten by the dog.
2. The toy is made by hand.
3. He will be sent to Africa next week.
am / is / are ＋ done 一般现在时：____________________ 1. English is spoken by many people.
1. My father will repair my bike for me. be repaired by my father My bike will __________
for me. 2. I have found my wallet. My wallet has ___________. been found 3. She told me to wait here for her.
prove, sell, read
1) The dish tastes delicious.
2) The theory proved right at last.
The book is so interesting that it sells well. sells此处为不及物动词“销售起来; 有销 路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖; 出售”。 This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗) 2. need + v. - ing 表示“主语承受动词发出 的动作”，表示被动意义。 我的车需要修理。 My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired).
含有情态动词的动词变成被动语态： 情态动词 + be + done _____________________ This problem can be solved. What’s done cannot be undone.
1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动
词可以表示被动意义。
cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut,
不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态 共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行 式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语 态和被动语态，如下表所示。
形 式
主 动
to do
被 动
to be done to have been done
一般式
进行式 完成式 完成进 行式
to be doing
to have done
to have been doing
6. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表
被动。
I felt I was to blame.
wash
1. The dishes need ____________. to be washed
2. The mail is intended
send __________. to be sent
3. The wall is expected
to be accompanied 2. Tim refused ____________________
(accompany) by his father to school.
3. She struggled ___________________ to be understood
(understand) by the French visitors.
点或所处的状态，试比较下面的句子：
The enemy was soon surrounded by us. The house is surrounded by trees. She was bitten by the dog in the darkness. I was excited by the news that my husband got promoted.
With so many exercises to do, I can’t go to
the cinema.
5. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 I have a letter to type today. (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语)
The feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky. 现在完成时：________________________ have / has been＋done Great progress has also been made in culture and education.
2. I am asked to get up early everyday.
3. The books are written by Lu Xun.
一般过去时：____________________ was / were ＋ done These computers were made in our own country. 一般将来时：_____________________ will / shall be ＋ done Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
4. These are the issues ______________ to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow. 5. The new drug is ___________ to be tested (test) out on 500 patients next year.