建筑和设计中的分形几何

在建筑和设计中的分形几何

卡尔鲍威尔

前言

In abroad sense Design Science is the grammar of a language of images rather than of words.广义设计学是一种形象语言的语法，而不是词语的语法。

Modern communication techniques enable us to transmit and reconstitute images without needing to know a specific verbal sequence language such as the Morse code or Hungarian.现代通信技术可为我们传输和重建图像，而无需知道具体口头序列语言如摩尔斯码或匈牙利语。

International traffic signs use International image symbols which are not specific to any particular verbal language.国际交通标志使用的国际形象符号是不针对任何特定的口头语言的。

An image language differs from a verbal one in that the later uses a linear string of symbols,whereas the former is multi-dimensional.图像语言不同于口语，后者使用线性符号的字符串，而前者是多维的。

Architectural renderings commonly show projections onto three mutually perpendicular planes,or consist of cross sections at different altitudes capable of being stacked and representing different floor plans.建筑效果图通常表明投影到三个互相垂直的平面上，或由截取不同高度可堆叠的横截面和代表不同楼层的平面图组成。

Such renderings make it difficult to imagine buildings comprising ramps and other features,which disguise the separation between floors,and consequently limit the creative process of the architect.这种效果图使得描绘建筑的斜面和其他分隔楼层间的特征变得很困难，从而制约了建筑师的创意过程。

Analogously, we tend to analyze natural structures as if nature had used similar stacked renderings,rather than, for instance, a system of packed spheres, with the result that we fail to perceive the system of orgnization determining the form of such structures.类似地，我们倾向于分析自然结构如自然就曾使用过类似的堆叠效果图，而不是填充球系列，其结果是我们不能感知确定这种结构的形式的组织体系。

Perception is a complex process.认知是一个复杂的过程。

Our senses record; they are analogous to audio or video devices.我们的感官类似于音频或视频设备在记录。

We cannot,however,claim that such devices perceive. 我们不能声称这种装置就是感知。

Perception involves more than meets the ey e; it involves processing and organization of recorded data.认知超过能看见东西的眼睛；它还包括对数据的加工和整理。

When we name an object, we actually name a concept：such words as octahedron,collage,tessellation,dome,each designate a wide variety of objects certain characteristics.当我们命名一个对象时，我们实际上就命名了一个概念：诸如八面体，拼贴，镶嵌，圆顶，它们的每一个都表明了各种物体的某些特征。

When we devise ways of transforming an octahedron, or determine where a given shape will tessellate the plane, we make use of these characteristics, which

constitute the grammar of structure.当我们设法把一个八面体，或确定一个给定的形状将镶嵌的平原，我们利用这些特征，它们构成的语法结构。