三、英译汉基础翻译要点——名词从句的译法
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❖例2.It is good news that our team has won the championship.
❖ 我们队得了冠军是好消息。
❖2.如主语从句较长,不宜与主句合 译为汉语的“是”字结构,一般可 译为并列分句或独立的句子,即先 译从句,而在主句之前加“这”字 译出。如:
❖ 例1.It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
❖例2.That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 物质 热长冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。
例3.What the students find most difficult in a foreign language is its idiomatic usage.学 生感到,一种外语最困难的地方是它的习惯
三、英译汉基础翻译要点
第六章 名词从句的译法
6.1 主语从句
❖ A. 以从属连词或连接代词位于句首的主语从 句翻译时语序一般不变。如:
❖例1.That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is really something unthinkable. 一个人 能够单独在山里生活这么多年真是不 可思议。
❖ 可能有人会提出,无线电广播也同样 能够做到这一点;但是在电视屏幕上, 每个节目都显得更加生动,更加真实。
6.2 宾语从句
❖A.以从属连词或连接代词引起的宾 语从句汉译时,语序一般不变。如:
❖例1.Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies.
用法。
❖ 例4.What struck me most in this book was the author’s true-to-life description of the people’s life in that country. 这本书给我印 象最深的是作者对那个国家的人民生活所做 的真实的描写。
❖3.以it作形式主语而主句的谓语是 被动语态的句子,一般宜转译为主 动语态,可译为“据…..”或补上泛 指主语“有人”、“大家”、“人 们”等,主语从句保留原文的语序。 如:
❖例1.It is reported that the meeting will be held in June.
❖ 据报导,这个会将在六月间举行。
❖例2.It is said that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.
❖ 据说,那个地区的工厂比1970年增加 了两倍。
❖例3.It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
❖例4.Knowing that every object
draws every other object, we cannot know why it does so. 虽然 我们知道物体彼此吸引,但却不知 其中的道理。
❖B. 英语中的宾语从句有时置于句首, 其修饰作用在于强调宾语。为了使 译文达到相同的修辞效果,翻译时 也宜将宾语从句前置。
❖ 例5.Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的每句话都应保密。
B.以形式主语it引出的主语从句, 翻译时有三种处理办法:
❖1. 如主语从句较短,可提前与主 句合译为“是”字结构。如:
❖例1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject. 对任何问 题一知半解都是危险的。
❖ 因此,如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的 机会,就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方 面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问 题显得越来越重要了。
❖ 从例4可看到英汉两种语言思维合和表 达方式的不同。英语重直线思维,汉 语重曲线思维。英语直截了当,习惯 把要点放在句首先说出,然后再把其 他信息一一补进;而汉语习惯于从侧 面说明,先阐述外围的环境,最后点 出信息中心。从形式看,英语是前重 心,头短尾长;汉语则是后重心,头 大尾小。
❖ 可是,有些人则坚持认为,这恰恰是 危险所在。
❖例2.This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.
❖ 这表明可能出现了意外情况。
❖例3.He has fully lived up to what he promised. 他完全实现了他的诺 言。
❖ 物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是一种大家 共有的经验。
❖ 例2.It is common sense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume.
❖ 液体没有一定的形状,但有一定的体积, 这是普通常识。
❖ 例4.It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
❖ 我们队得了冠军是好消息。
❖2.如主语从句较长,不宜与主句合 译为汉语的“是”字结构,一般可 译为并列分句或独立的句子,即先 译从句,而在主句之前加“这”字 译出。如:
❖ 例1.It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.
❖例2.That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 物质 热长冷缩是一个普通的物理现象。
例3.What the students find most difficult in a foreign language is its idiomatic usage.学 生感到,一种外语最困难的地方是它的习惯
三、英译汉基础翻译要点
第六章 名词从句的译法
6.1 主语从句
❖ A. 以从属连词或连接代词位于句首的主语从 句翻译时语序一般不变。如:
❖例1.That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is really something unthinkable. 一个人 能够单独在山里生活这么多年真是不 可思议。
❖ 可能有人会提出,无线电广播也同样 能够做到这一点;但是在电视屏幕上, 每个节目都显得更加生动,更加真实。
6.2 宾语从句
❖A.以从属连词或连接代词引起的宾 语从句汉译时,语序一般不变。如:
❖例1.Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies.
用法。
❖ 例4.What struck me most in this book was the author’s true-to-life description of the people’s life in that country. 这本书给我印 象最深的是作者对那个国家的人民生活所做 的真实的描写。
❖3.以it作形式主语而主句的谓语是 被动语态的句子,一般宜转译为主 动语态,可译为“据…..”或补上泛 指主语“有人”、“大家”、“人 们”等,主语从句保留原文的语序。 如:
❖例1.It is reported that the meeting will be held in June.
❖ 据报导,这个会将在六月间举行。
❖例2.It is said that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.
❖ 据说,那个地区的工厂比1970年增加 了两倍。
❖例3.It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real.
❖例4.Knowing that every object
draws every other object, we cannot know why it does so. 虽然 我们知道物体彼此吸引,但却不知 其中的道理。
❖B. 英语中的宾语从句有时置于句首, 其修饰作用在于强调宾语。为了使 译文达到相同的修辞效果,翻译时 也宜将宾语从句前置。
❖ 例5.Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的每句话都应保密。
B.以形式主语it引出的主语从句, 翻译时有三种处理办法:
❖1. 如主语从句较短,可提前与主 句合译为“是”字结构。如:
❖例1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject. 对任何问 题一知半解都是危险的。
❖ 因此,如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的 机会,就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方 面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点。这个问 题显得越来越重要了。
❖ 从例4可看到英汉两种语言思维合和表 达方式的不同。英语重直线思维,汉 语重曲线思维。英语直截了当,习惯 把要点放在句首先说出,然后再把其 他信息一一补进;而汉语习惯于从侧 面说明,先阐述外围的环境,最后点 出信息中心。从形式看,英语是前重 心,头短尾长;汉语则是后重心,头 大尾小。
❖ 可是,有些人则坚持认为,这恰恰是 危险所在。
❖例2.This shows that something unexpected may have turned up.
❖ 这表明可能出现了意外情况。
❖例3.He has fully lived up to what he promised. 他完全实现了他的诺 言。
❖ 物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是一种大家 共有的经验。
❖ 例2.It is common sense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume.
❖ 液体没有一定的形状,但有一定的体积, 这是普通常识。
❖ 例4.It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.