文艺复兴和启蒙运动的中英文介绍

文艺复兴（一）

一、概念（Concept）

意大利文艺复兴（Italy Renaissance）

文艺复兴运动是发生在14—17世纪的欧洲，是正在形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动

The Renaissance was occurred in 14 - seventeenth Century in Europe, is the emerging bourgeoisie in the revival of Greek classical culture in Rome under the name of initiating promoting bourgeois ideology and cultural movement

为什么称这场运动为“文艺复兴”？Why is referring to this movement as " the renaissance "

由于新生的资产阶级是借助古代希腊、罗马的文化来反对封建神学的，所以历史上称这场新兴的文化运动为“文艺复兴”。

The new bourgeoisie is have the aid of ancient Greece, the culture of Rome to oppose the feudal theology, so the history that the new cultural movement of the Renaissance " ".

二、实质（Solid matter）

是一场以古典文化复活为外衣的新文化运动，是当时欧洲社会经济与政治结构变革条件下的产物，是中世纪晚期欧洲世俗文化发展的必然结果，同时，它又反过来进一步加速欧洲社会的进步。To be a classical culture the resurrection as the coat of the new culture movement, was the European social economy and political structure reform under the conditions of the product, is a late medieval secular European culture and the inevitable result of the development, at the same time, it in turn further acceleration of European society.

实质：资产阶级文化的兴起

性质：资产阶级性质Properties: bourgeois

文艺复兴运动为什么首先开始于意大利？The Renaissance began in Italy why?

(1) 资本主义萌芽最早出现在意大利，这是意大利成为文艺复兴发源地的前提条件。

(2) 意大利丰厚的古典文化遗产和众多人才为文艺复兴运动的兴起提供了重要条件。

(3) 中国造纸术和印刷术在西欧的广泛使用推动了文艺复兴运动的兴起和发展。

( 1) capitalism first appeared in Italy, it is Italy became the birthplace of the premise condition of renaissance.

( 2) Italy's rich cultural heritage and many talents for the classical Renaissance movement provides important condition.

( 3) Chinese paper and printing in Western Europe are widely used to promote the Renaissance movement and the rise of development.

三、指导思想（Guiding thought）

人文主义：Humanism

指的是欧洲文艺复兴运动时期出现的一种资产阶级的世界观，是文艺复兴的指导思想Refers to the European Renaissance period appears a bourgeois world outlook, is the guiding ideology of the Renaissance

人文主义思想的内容——Humanism thought content

1、重视人的价值，崇尚人性，要求把人从宗教的束缚中解放出来。

2、人文主义者大力宣扬人的自由意志和个性自由的发展。

3、要求现实生活和尘世的享乐

In 1, emphasis on human values, respect for human nature, requires that the people from religious bondage.

2, humanists preach human freedom and freedom of personality development.

3, for real life and worldly hedonism

新兴资产阶级主张以人为中心而不是以神为中心；他们颂扬人的价值、人的尊严、人的力量和人的伟大，认为人可以创造一切；他们赞美人生和自然，崇尚科学和理性。

The emerging bourgeoisie advocated people-centered rather than to God as the center; they celebrate human value, dignity, strength and greatness, to think that a man can create everything; they praise life and natural, advocating science and reason.

积极作用Positive role 一是大大动摇了教会封建神学，起到了打击封建制度的作用；