感官分析

期望错误
刺激错误
宽大错误


Proximity error
Central tendency error
近似错误
中心化错误
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
影响感官测定的因素
Suggestion effect Positional bias (order effect) Contrast effect and convergence error

Taste small sips and roll around mouth to activate all taste bud areas
啜饮以激活所有的味蕾

Or slurp so that liquid is sprayed uniformly throughout the mouth
或咕嘟咕嘟地喝，使液体均匀分布在 口腔
Procedures For Smelling
闻香的程序
Repeated short or long hard sniffs.
或长或短地重复用力吸气
Sniff same number of times resting in between each series
每次休息时吸气次数保持一致
Solids or semi-solids should be stirred or broken in order to expose to a fresh surface
相似特征间的关联比其他特征间的关 联可能要高一些
Central tendency error 中心化的错误

Scoring products in the midrange of a scale to avoid extremes
给产品打分偏中等，以避免极端
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
Descriptive Evaluation & Training Area
描述性品评和培训区域
Facilities similar to booth area
设备和品评单间相似
Conference style table for 6-12 panelists
可坐 6-12 人的会议桌
Whiteboard, clock
感官受到刺激，将其转化为神经信号传输到 大脑；大脑根据以往的经验将感觉组织整合 为知觉.；最终，基于主体的知觉而形成反应
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
影响感官测定的因素
Expectation error Stimulus error Leniency error
白板，时钟
Preparation facilities reference samples
for
准备参考样品的设施
Preparation & Serving Area
准备和分发区域
Well-equipped kitchen
感官分析是从人体感觉器官收集数据， 进而了解它们是如何感知产品的
Flavor defects Kinesthetic smell taste viscosity texture Mouth feel Appearance color size shape
Human are used as measuring instrument.
夸大或掩盖样品间的差异
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
影响感官测定的因素
Proximity error 近似的错误

Correlation between characteristics close together maybe higher than other characteristic
样品附带的信息可能导致先入为主
Stimulus error 刺激的错误

Irrelevant criteria , such as color or size influence the observer
无关的标准如颜色或大小会影响观 察者
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
感官分析是一门科学，用来唤起、测量 、分析和诠释对于食物和原料特质的反 应如以下感觉：
Sight视觉 Smell 嗅觉 Taste 味觉 Hearing 听觉 Touch 触觉
What is Sensory Analysis?
什么是感官分析
Sensory analysis is about collecting data from human assessors to understand what they perceived when exposed to a product
对感官测试的控制
-Methods of Sensory Tests & the Application
感官测试的方法及其应用
What is Sensory Analysis?
什么是感官分析
Sensory Analysis is a scientific discipline used to evoke , measure, analyze and interpret reactions to those characteristics of foods and materials as they are perceived by the senses of:
固体或半固体应搅拌或破碎以提供新鲜的 表面
The Sense of Taste 味觉
Bitter 苦味
Acidic 酸味
Salty 咸味
Sweet 甜味
Umami 鲜味
Procedures For Tasting
尝味的程序
Liquids 液体

Same amount for each judge 数量一致
影响感官测定的因素
Leniency error 宽大的错误 Based on their feelings about the researcher, ignoring product differences
根据对研究者的感觉，而忽略了产品 的差异
Suggestion effect 暗示效应 Reactions of other members of a panel can influence the response of a panelist
人类作为测量的仪器
The Sense of Smell 嗅觉
OlfFra Baidu bibliotekctory Nerve 嗅神经 Trigeminal Nerve三叉神经
Aroma香气 : Odour of Product 产品的气味
(nasal route) 顺鼻腔路径 Aroma香气
(retronasal route) 逆鼻腔路径
取小块品尝，绕舌一圈，以激活所有 的味蕾

Rinse and rest between samples to avoid carry-over or fatigue
品尝不同样品间要漱口和休息一下， 以避免味道残留或味觉疲劳
Human as measuring Instrument
人类作为测量仪器
感官刺激
Sensory Stimulus
Sense organ
Sensation
感觉器官
Memory记忆
感觉
Brain
大脑
Perception
Motivation动力
知觉
Response反应
Expectation期望
Human as measuring Instrument
人类作为测量仪器
The stimulus hits the sense organ and is converted to a nerve signal which travels to the brain; the brain then organizes and integrates the incoming sensation into perceptions with the contribution of past experience; lastly a response is formulated based on the subjects’ perceptions
Controls For Sensory Testing
对感官测试的控制
Environment Controls
环境的控制

Panelist Controls
品评小组的控制
Environment Controls
环境的控制
Panel Booth Testing Area

品评单间的测试区域 Sensory evaluation of products 产品的感官品评

样品的准备和分发
Office Area 办公区域 Administrative preparations of tests and their interpretation 测试的行政准备和解释
Panel Booth Testing Area 品评单间的测试区域
Individual booth 单独隔开的小间 Sliding door 移动门 Neutral wall color 中性的墙壁颜色 Sink and Tap 水槽和龙头 Colored lightning 有颜色的光照 Odor-free 无气味 Computer 电脑

Descriptive Evaluation & Training Area
描述性品评和培训的区域 Meeting with panelist 和品评小组成员开会
Preparation Area & Serving Area 准备和分发的区域 Sample preparation and serving
影响感官测定的因素
Motivation 动力

Affects sensory perception. For e.g.. interested panelist is always more efficient and reliable.
动力会影响感官知觉。比如感兴趣 的品尝小组成员总会更有效、更可 靠。
ABC
CONTENT
-Sensory Analysis
感官分析
-Procedures For Smelling & Tasting
闻味和尝味的程序
-Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
影响感官测定的因素
-Controls For Sensory Testing

Rinse mouth carefully with water or have a bite of cracker
仔细地漱口或者咬一口苏打饼干
Procedures For Tasting
尝味的程序
Solids 固体

Take small mouthfeels or pieces around the tongue to activate all taste bud areas
品尝小组中其他成员的反应会影响测 试者
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
影响感官测定的因素
Positional bias (order effect) 位置偏见(顺序效应) Score the second product ( of a set of products) higher or lower than expected
暗示效应 位置偏见(顺序效应) 对照效应和集中错误

Motivation
动力
Factors Influencing Sensory Measurement
影响感官测定的因素
Expectation error 期望的错误

Information given with the sample may trigger preconceived ideas
给一组产品中第二个产品打分偏高或 偏低
Contrast effect and convergence error
对照效应和集中错误

Exaggerate the difference or mask small differences between the other samples in their scores