中外物流差异的原因

Abstract
Logistics as a modern service industry, which influence the development of national economy and the improvement of people's quality of life, and the logistics personnel training and education has become the transformation and development in colleges and universities need to study and implement the key problem.With the rapid development of the world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry, as a new service sector in the national economy, is developing rapidly around the world. In the world, the logistics industry is the artery and basic industry of national economy, its development level has become an important symbol to measure a country's modernization level and the comprehensive national strength, is also regarded as the accelerator of economic development". And the role of logistics in the economic development status has been recognized by the society, some people even to the logistics industry as the next industry development focus Chinese, with the rapid development of world economy and modern science and technology, more and more attention to the development of the logistics industry, the logistics industry in the competition will get new development. But compared with the developed countries in the logistics industry, the logistics industry is still in the initial stage of development in China.
Key words: Logistics; transformation; difference
Content
1. Cultivation of logistics talents (1)
1.1 Logistics expertise level (1)
2. The development environment and management system of the logistics industry (2)
3. Other reasons (2)
4. The states of China (3)
Aimed at SMEs logistics blue ocean (4)
Reference (7)
The reasons for the great difference between Chinese and
foreign logistics
1. Cultivation of logistics talents
Human resource is an important problem that affects the development of logistics . Our logistics company basically is from the transportation and warehousing industry transformed, obviously is the lack of professional management personnel, and the lack of professional and technical personnel, lack of personnel management and familiar with the business management personnel.
With the establishment of socialist market economy, China's logistics education has also made some achievements, but, in general, logistics education in our country is still backward, set and related disciplines of logistics education colleges are numbered, postgraduate education is insignificant, it is difficult to carry out the occupation education.
1.1Logistics expertise level
The development of logistics industry depends not only on the economic development level, but also depends on the development level of science and technology, in Europe and the United States, Japan and other countries, the development of computer technology especially the microcomputer technology and application software for the enterprise provides effective auxiliary means of management, the popularity of computer application, make the MRP, DRP, KanBan (KanBan system) and JIT and get the application of advanced logistics management technology, advanced generation and application, so as to promote the integration of logistics activities.
In order to meet the internationalization of logistics, diversified service and rapid response, logistics information system and electronic data exchange technology, as
well as Internet, bar code, satellite positioning system and radio frequency technology has been widely used in the field of logistics.
While the domestic logistics computer application level is relatively low, most cases are still limited to the daily transaction processing, information processing and logistics problems are closely related to all aspects of the relatively backward, specific performance in the logistics operation technology content is not high, many are still inefficient manual operation; forklifts, cranes, automatic guided vehicle roadway automatic sorting machine, has not yet been widely used in logistics work.
2. The development environment and management system of the logistics industry
First, the government's role in the development of the logistics industry.In the United States, Japan, Europe, the process of logistics development, can clearly see the government of the country's logistics development planning and implementation principle is put forward, to guide the development of the industry;
Second, infrastructure construction and efficient transportation systems are the foundation platforms for the logistics industry to operate.
3.Other reasons
Time starts late
Law and logistics
China's value-added logistics services are few, and the leading business is concentrated in basic services.
At present, the overall logistics service capability of China's logistics enterprises is better, but each has its own disadvantages.
The information technology level of Chinese logistics enterprises is weak, so it is difficult to guarantee the quality of service.
Grasp the concept of modern logistics high-quality logistics personnel shortage.
Logistics laws and regulations system is not perfect, affecting the development of logistics enterprises.
Composition
With the development of economic globalization, China's entry into WTO, Chinese logistics enterprises faced with the foreign logistics enterprises in China, landing on a serious situation, needs to do to adapt to international competition, shorten the gap with foreign, improve their ability to resist shock, strengthening the cooperation of the relevant enterprises, logistics standardization and information technology is the foundation.Logistics cost in our country is 1-2 times higher than the developed countries, this has greatly affected the economic benefits of growth in our country, and to restrain the development of modern logistics industry in our country, the first is the standard.Standardization of logistics not only reduces the work difficulty, reduces the logistics cost, and reduces the comprehensive logistics cost, makes the bottom of the logistics companies can provide customers with efficient service cost.The standardization of construction lag behind in our country, the idea of standardization, standardized operation and management weak, in their own way so that the logistics industry in our country, enterprises regardless of the system, the system does not consider the supply rmationization management is the basic characteristic of logistics in e-business mode, which is the guarantee of modernization and socialization of logistics.Because of the widespread use of barcode technology, the European, American and Japanese standards of logistics coding are leading the way.Whether it is the information of the logistics industry or the information of the whole society, the developed countries are far ahead.China's informationization starting point is high and development is fast, but it still has a large gap compared to the developed countries.
4. The states of China
Last September, the State Council executive meeting decided to fully open the domestic express delivery market, which means that foreign express giants do not
need to be staring at the hands of a number of city express licenses, they can now go
in the "business license". Still, foreign express giants are not enthusiastic about it. On the contrary, their eyes seem to be more focused on the B2B market, the market of small and medium enterprises become China express giants competing.
In July 14th, Zhao Li, vice president of freight forwarding business in UPS, China, announced that UPS had added container LCL (LCL) freight services to the central European railway. Compared with the FCL LCL cargo freight service, service is more suitable for small scale transport of goods, which is interpreted as the industry is innovation in order to cater to the needs of small and medium enterprises UPS do.
Coincidentally, at UPS global headquarters in Atlanta, the global CEO David Abney told the China business news reporter that the Internet and e-commerce are gradually turning global business into reality. In the face of the enormous potential of the Asian e-commerce market, UPS sees a significant opportunity for the SME market. "The rise of the middle class and the trend of global business," says David Abney, "makes UPS realize that using its brand and network can help small and medium businesses expand their international businesses." A logistics storm aimed at small and medium enterprises is being launched by express giants.
Aimed at SMEs logistics blue ocean
Although known as the "four express" name, but now UPS and FedEx (FedEx) the new positioning already into integrated logistics service provider".
In the red sea of highly competitive domestic express, despite the holding of a number of cities of the express operating license, but the UPS represented by foreign logistics enterprises and did not immediately throw themselves into the domestic express market in the fight.
"FedEx four Express (FedEx) is a heterogeneous, once down the price war challenge Chinese local courier company, the remaining three express giants are focusing on the international express business, after all, this is their area of expertise." One from the FedEx after joining a private express executives told reporters, in the U.S. domestic express market, the average cost of courier at 7~9 U.S. dollars, while China this figure is pulled down to 7~9 yuan.
"China express industry development report" shows that in 2013 2014, foreign express delivery business volume is only 110 million, the business volume is only 1.2% of the market share, but its annual business income reached 17 billion 640 million yuan, business income accounted for 12.3% market share.
"This shows that the foreign giant courier prices are more valuable, their proportion of international parts in more than 80%." The executives said.
In fact, the courier business is only part of the layout of foreign giants. Take UPS as an example, its business in China can be divided into three major sections: small parcel service (express), contract logistics and freight forwarders. Among them, with the rise of small and medium-sized enterprises, freight forwarders are becoming a force emerging suddenly.
"In addition to the traditional air and sea services, UPS also launched the intermodal freight service to central railway freight transport as an example, after the 2014 July Central Railway FCL transport, now UPS has launched a priority service." Zhao Li told reporters that the current UPS involved in Zhengzhou to Hamburg in Germany and Chengdu to Poland, Rhodes two lines. Data show that, compared with the traditional single cargo transportation, FCL can help companies save 65% of the cost of transportation; rather than a single shipping FCL, railway transportation can save 40% of the transport time.
"In 2014, the central Europe railway line capacity has more than doubled, and
the freight volume has increased to 3 times."." Zhao Li said, the UPS central railway freight service customers mainly from the automotive and industrial manufacturing, high-tech and consumer goods industry, although the "LCL freight service" need to fight the goods, dismantling links, could prolong the service process, but the requirements for the volume of more flexible, more able to meet the small and medium enterprises to effectively balance transfer time and cost.
Nuggets 400 billion logistics market
In fact, for China's growing small and medium-sized enterprises to provide logistics services solutions, not only is the strategic focus of UPS, but also has become a strategic consensus among other express giants.
"As Asia's supply chain capabilities increase, UPS increasingly focuses on small and medium enterprises, which, while small, play an important role in global business. Unlike in the past, the small and medium-sized enterprises have not only is the company's suppliers, now they are directly to consumers worldwide sales of goods, small and medium-sized enterprises has become an integral part of the global value chain." David Abney told reporters that some experts predicted that in the next 25 years, the economic growth rate of the Asian market will be more than 3 times that of europe.
The general consensus is that, compared to the courier industry 200 billion yuan market capacity, express industry has a market size of 400 billion yuan, which means that B2B logistics than B2C logistics has more space for development.
To Zhengzhou logistics market, for example, in addition to rookie backbone, SF electricity supplier Industrial Park and other local logistics enterprises, the four major courier giants have also set foot in this market. With the strategy of Zhengzhou air port and "eastern land port", the Central Plains city is regarded as another high ground for the IT industry and manufacturing industry.
However, unlike local logistics companies, foreign express giants are adept at providing integrated solutions, such as UPS, which provides not only the integration of shipping, air, rail and road services for customer needs
Reference
[1] an MBA think tank
[2] baidu encyclopedia
[3] cargo on the island of Rotterdam.。