浅析中美人际关系差异及原因

随着全球化进程不断发展，各国间交流日益密切，尤其是中美两国。众所周知，中美两国的人际关系存在着很大的差异,如家庭成员间关系差异,朋友间关系的差异，工作中同事关系差异等等。通过分析存在着的差异进一步探析造成这些差异的原因，以便更好地跨文化交际。

With the development of globalization, the communication between countries is becoming more and more close. As we all know, there are great differences in the interpersonal relationship between China and the United States, such as the relationship between family members, the relationship between friends, differences in the relationship between colleagues, etc.. Through the analysis of the differences, the causes of these differences are further explored in order to improve the intercultural communication.

在家庭方面存在的人际关系差异

夫妻关系

近代中国开始提倡男女平等，但这种平等并没有完全实现。受传统观念影响，一些家庭中女性还是处于弱势地位,比如妻子需要合理地平衡工作和家庭，并把更多时间用于照顾家庭，有时甚至要牺牲工作以顾全家庭。妻子需要承担的家务劳动远远大于丈夫所承担的。当然，近几年女性地位越来越高。

Modern China began to promote equality between men and women, but this equality is not fully realized. Influenced by traditional ideas, some families women are still in a weak position, such as his wife need to balance work and family, and to devote more time to take care of the family, sometimes even to sacrifice to save the family. His wife needs to do much more than her husband. Of course, in recent years, women's status is getting higher and higher.

美国社会更强调夫妻关系的平等，即夫妻双方在家庭中有相等的地位，也承担着相同的义务和责任。在De Beauvoir, Simone 的The Second Sex中，对家庭关系有着明确的阐述，他认为“婚姻义务不应作为个人责任，而是相互的，并对生活产生巨大影响的方式。”[4]在美国，夫妻间鲜有明确的责任划分，丈夫积极地参与家庭事物，与妻子共同承担家务劳动和分享家庭成果。同时，夫妻间也重视用更多的私人时间与家人相伴，他们常常计划年度旅行。在这种夫妻关系下，夫妻双方“更多的与家庭成员参与休闲活动不仅保证轻松快乐的氛围，同时使家庭成员更多的时间放松自己，进行心灵交流，从另一程度上促进了家庭效用的提高”[5]。

The American society emphasizes the equality of husband and wife, that is, the husband and wife have equal status in the family, but also bear the same obligations and responsibilities. In De Beauvoir, Simone Second

Sex The, a clear description of family relations, he believes that the obligation of marriage should not be as personal responsibility, but mutual, and have a huge impact on life." In the United States, there is a clear division of responsibility between husband and wife, the husband is actively involved in family affairs, and his wife to share the housework and share family outcomes. At the same time, couples also value more private time with their families, and they often plan their annual trip. In the relationship between husband and wife, husband and wife "more with family members to participate in leisure activities not only ensure a relaxed and happy atmosphere, and make the family members more time to relax, to communicate, from another extent promoted the effectiveness of family".

亲子关系

在中国，不仅父母的疼爱孩子，也受到来自祖父母辈的关爱。可以说，孩子成为了一个家庭的核心。尤其在中国推行“独生子女政策”后。父辈们把子女的教育和成长当作一生的事业，抚养子女长大，供应他们上学甚至帮他们找工作，办理婚嫁事宜，甚至养育孙子成长。在这种情况下成长起来的孩子往往缺乏独立精神，依赖心理严重，不会追随自己的梦想，而任凭父辈规划，安排并决定自己的未来。父母帮子女规划未来，固然是一种表达爱的方式，但是却没有意识到孩子才是他们人生的主人。21世纪以后，中国的家长也越来越注意培养孩子的独立性

In China, not only the parents love their children, but also by the care of grandparents. It can be said that the child has become the core of a family. Especially after the implementation of the one-child policy in china. The fathers of their children's education and growth as a lifelong career, raising their children to grow up, supply them to go to school and even help them find a job, for marriage matters, and even raising grandchildren grow. In this case, the children grow up often lack of independent spirit, psychological dependence, will not follow their dreams, and let their parents planning, scheduling and decide their own future. It is a way of expressing love, but it does not realize that children are the masters of their lives. After twenty-first Century, Chinese parents are more and more attention to cultivate children's independence

在美国家庭的亲子关系中，家长和孩子之间保持更为独立平等的关系，父母不会干涉孩子的私人空间。许多家庭的孩子在成年后即搬离父母居住的地