解析压力容器防腐蚀的办法

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解析压力容器防腐蚀的办法

压力容器是化工生产中广泛使用并很重要的特种设备，在高温、高压、磨损或介质对金属腐蚀等不利条件下操作，腐蚀是压力容器一大危害。据有关压力容器事故资料统计表明，由于腐蚀发生爆炸事故的占66.7％。金属腐蚀原因比较复杂，影响因素之多。因此，对金属腐蚀的规律性有所了解，有助于分析形成压力容器的腐蚀原因和对其在运行过程中出现的缺陷性质作出正确的判断，以便采取相应的防腐措施，提高压力容器的安全使用性。

Pressure vessel is a special equipment in chemical production widely used and very important, in the high temperature, high pressure, abrasion or medium on the corrosion of metals under adverse conditions such as pressure vessel operation, corrosion is a big harm. According to the pressure vessel accident statistics, the explosion accident occurred corrosion accounted for 66.7%. Corrosion of metal complex, influence factors of. Therefore, to understand the regularity of metal corrosion, contribute to the analysis of the formation of corrosion of pressure vessel and make the correct judgment of defect properties of its appearing in the running process, so as to take corresponding anti-corrosion measures, improve the safety of pressure vessels.

1.压力容器的腐蚀与防护

Corrosion and protection of 1 pressure vessels

1.1压力容器腐蚀的定义及存在环境

And the existing environment definition 1.1 pressure vessel corrosion

绝大多数压力容器都由金属材料构成，压力容器与环境的反应而引起的材料的破坏或变质，称为压力容器的腐蚀。

The vast majority of pressure vessels are made of metal material, material damage or deterioration of pressure vessel and environment reaction, called the corrosion of pressure vessel.

压力容器运行的环境条件：

Pressure vessel operating conditions:

(1)溶液、气体、蒸汽等介质成分、浓度和温度

( 1 ) solution, gas, steam and other ingredients, concentration and temperature

(2)酸、碱及杂质的含量

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( 2 ) the content of acid, alkali and impurities

(3)应力状态(工作应力、残余应力)

( 3 ) state of stress ( work stress, residual stress )

(4)液体的静止状态或流动状态

( 4 ) the liquid static or flowing state

(5)混入液体的固体颗粒的磨损和侵蚀

( 5 ) the solid particles into a liquid abrasion and erosion

(6)局部的条件差别(温度差、浓度差)，不同材料接触状态

( 6 ) the local conditions ( temperature difference, difference of concentration difference ), the contact state of different material

(7)温度的周期性变化、热冲击及PTS

( 7 ) the periodic changes of temperature, thermal shock and PTS

(8)化学反应及反应生成物的情况

( 8 ) the chemical reaction and the reaction product.

(9)高温、低温、高压、真空、冲击载荷、交变等应力

( 9 ) high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, vacuum, impact load, alternating stress

1.2金属腐蚀的分类

1.2 classification of metal corrosion

金属腐蚀有几种不同的分类方法。按腐蚀机理可分为化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀；按腐蚀环境可分为化学介质腐蚀、海水腐蚀、土壤腐蚀等；还有一种分类方法是分为湿腐蚀和干腐蚀。有液体存在时产生的是湿腐蚀，干腐蚀是环境中没有液相或在露点以上，腐蚀剂通常是蒸汽和气体。

There are several different classification approaches of metal corrosion. According to the corrosion mechanism can be divided into chemical and electrochemical corrosion; according to the corrosion environment can be divided into chemical corrosion, seawater corrosion, soil corrosion; and a classification method is divided into wet and dry etching. Have a liquid exists is