英语语法：代词ppt课件
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Lecture Five
Pronoun
1
1)人称代词personal pronoun 2) 物主代词 possessive pronoun
3) 反身代词reflexive pronoun4) 相互代词reciprocal pronoun
5) 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 6) 关系代词 relative pronoun
7) 不定代词indefinite pronoun
8) 先行项antecedent
9) 性gender
10)阴性feminine gender
11)阳性masculine gender
12) 中性neuter gender
13) 通性common gender
14)主格subjective case
Often use “it”
Instructor, lawyer, teacher…
use “he”
use “he or she”, “his or her” in formal writing
8
1.refers to lovely, beautiful small animals we often use “she”，refers to fierce, big animals, we often use “he” Eg: I've a lovely cat. She is my favorite.
in the main sentence
eg: When he arrived, John went straight to the library.
6
3.人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1)宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾
语。
---- I like English.
Attention 2: in compound sentences, if the subjects are the
same both in main sentence and subordinate sentence,
pronoun
in the subordinate sentence
noun subject
2) 主格代替宾格 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. ---- This is she. 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代 词而定。
I was taken to be_s_h_e. 我被当成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to be _h_er_. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
人称代词 物主代词 反源自文库代词
The meaning of it cannot be extended
Reciprocal pronouns 相互代词
Demonstrative pronouns 指示代词
Interrogative pronouns 疑问代词
Relative pronouns
关系代词
Indefinite pronouns
---- Me too.
---- Have more wine?
---- Not me.
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果
比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
---He is taller than I/me. ----He is taller than I am.
--- He is cleverer than us all.( us all, them both)
Second person you
he
Third person she
it
object me you
him her it
plural
subject we
you they they they
object us you
them them them
5
Function in sentence：
1. As subject and subject compliment Eg: John waited a while but eventually _h_e_went home.
Objective case Genitive case Let’s look at the chart
4
The change of the personal pronoun in person, number and case：
number
singular
case
subject
First person I
7
Pronoun concord in gender
feminine gender masculine gender neuter gender
Letter, book, ship, cat, the name of
the country
common gender
Baby, infant, child…
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was_s_h_e. Attention 1: in informal style, we often use objective case. Eg: It's me. a. -- Who broke the vase? b. -- Me. 2. Used as object or prepositional object( object case) Eg: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
2
What is pronoun?
• Pronouns are a varied closed-class words, with
nominal function.
it comprise:
Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Reflexive pronouns
不定代词
We’ll talk about the concord of pronouns with their
antecedents in number, gender and person
3
Personal pronoun can be divided into 3 cases: Personal pronoun: subjective case
Pronoun
1
1)人称代词personal pronoun 2) 物主代词 possessive pronoun
3) 反身代词reflexive pronoun4) 相互代词reciprocal pronoun
5) 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 6) 关系代词 relative pronoun
7) 不定代词indefinite pronoun
8) 先行项antecedent
9) 性gender
10)阴性feminine gender
11)阳性masculine gender
12) 中性neuter gender
13) 通性common gender
14)主格subjective case
Often use “it”
Instructor, lawyer, teacher…
use “he”
use “he or she”, “his or her” in formal writing
8
1.refers to lovely, beautiful small animals we often use “she”，refers to fierce, big animals, we often use “he” Eg: I've a lovely cat. She is my favorite.
in the main sentence
eg: When he arrived, John went straight to the library.
6
3.人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1)宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾
语。
---- I like English.
Attention 2: in compound sentences, if the subjects are the
same both in main sentence and subordinate sentence,
pronoun
in the subordinate sentence
noun subject
2) 主格代替宾格 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. ---- This is she. 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代 词而定。
I was taken to be_s_h_e. 我被当成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to be _h_er_. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
人称代词 物主代词 反源自文库代词
The meaning of it cannot be extended
Reciprocal pronouns 相互代词
Demonstrative pronouns 指示代词
Interrogative pronouns 疑问代词
Relative pronouns
关系代词
Indefinite pronouns
---- Me too.
---- Have more wine?
---- Not me.
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果
比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
---He is taller than I/me. ----He is taller than I am.
--- He is cleverer than us all.( us all, them both)
Second person you
he
Third person she
it
object me you
him her it
plural
subject we
you they they they
object us you
them them them
5
Function in sentence：
1. As subject and subject compliment Eg: John waited a while but eventually _h_e_went home.
Objective case Genitive case Let’s look at the chart
4
The change of the personal pronoun in person, number and case：
number
singular
case
subject
First person I
7
Pronoun concord in gender
feminine gender masculine gender neuter gender
Letter, book, ship, cat, the name of
the country
common gender
Baby, infant, child…
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was_s_h_e. Attention 1: in informal style, we often use objective case. Eg: It's me. a. -- Who broke the vase? b. -- Me. 2. Used as object or prepositional object( object case) Eg: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
2
What is pronoun?
• Pronouns are a varied closed-class words, with
nominal function.
it comprise:
Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Reflexive pronouns
不定代词
We’ll talk about the concord of pronouns with their
antecedents in number, gender and person
3
Personal pronoun can be divided into 3 cases: Personal pronoun: subjective case