最新初中宾语从句笔记整理资料
宾语从句
一概念
在复合从句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。
二：判断的条件：
1.连接词：that, if/whether, 特殊疑问词
2.陈述句：看连接词后的第一个单词是否是三种动词（be动词，助动词，情态动词），是三种动词则是一般疑问句。如果不是，则不是。
3时态一致
A: 如果主句是一般现在在时或含有情态动词或祈使句，从句用该用什么时态就用什么时态B: 如果主句是一般过去时，从句只能使用的相应过去时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时would +动词原开，过去完成时had/hadn’t +过去分词）
特殊：如果从句表示某个客观真理、自然现象时，不管主句是什么时态，从句均用一般现在时二连接词
1、宾语从句本身是个陈述句，我们用that 引导，that无词意。
I hope (that) he will come tomorrow.
2、宾语从句本身是一般疑问句，我们用if和whether引导，其含义为是否。
He asked me if/whether I was a teacher.
I don’t know if/whether he will come this evening.
3、宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句，我们用其疑问词引导，其含义为原有的词意。
Do you know when we shall go?
He tried to find out who is the girl’s father.
Can you tell me how long a person can live without food?
四宾语从句的语序
1、宾语从句本身是个陈述句时，语序不变，连接词用that，that可以省略。
He is a clever boy.
We all say (that) he is a clever boy.
2、宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时，从句变成陈述句语序，连接词用if或whether。
Do you study English at school? 你们在学校学习英语吗？
I wonder if (whether) he was a student.
3、宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时，从句变陈述句语序，保留原来的疑问词作为连词。
Where were you born ? 你在哪儿出生？
I wonder where you were born..
When will he leave for China?
They asked me when he would leave for China.
How many books does he have?
I don't know how many books he has。
五宾语从句的时态
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow
He asked me if he would fly to Beijing the next
Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun
12)
定语从句笔记及练习题
定语从句 一．定语：用来修饰名词（或代词）的成分，位置短前长后（初中：修饰一个名词的词或短语或句子）从句：一个句子做另一个句子的成分，那么这个句子就是另一个句子的从句，另一个句子是这个句子的主句 定语从句：用一个句子充当定语，通常放在被修饰名词（和代词）的后面。 This is a book. This is an interesting book. This is a history book. This is a book about Ming Dynasty. This is a book written by Yuan Tengfei. 二．分析定语从句的构成 The student who came first is Peter. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词 关系词（也叫引导词）：引导定语从句的词。放在定语从句句首，在从句中代替先行词先行词决定关系词 He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. God help those who help themselves. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind in it. A lot of new countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map. 三．怎样写一个定语从句--合成大法 This is a book. My mother gave me a book as a birthday gift. This is a book which my mother gave me as a birthday gift. 一找找出两句话中相同的名词（其中一句的可以为代词） 二删删除要做定语从句句中的名词 三替用合适的关系词替代被删除的名词并将关系词放在从句的句首 四放将整个定语从句放在主句被修饰的名词后 四．关系词分类 关系代词：who whom which that whose 关系副词：where when why how (关系词中绝对没有what） 五．用法 1.先行词在定语从句（从句）中做主语或宾语 （1）先行词是sth，关系词用which或that （2）先行词是sb，关系词用who或that 当sb做宾语时，关系词也可以用whom The building which stands by the river is our school. The book which you need is in my room. The girl is my best friend. The girl is from America. The girl who is from America is my best friend. ---Hi, Jack. Have you ever seen the TV show “Dad, where are we going?” ---Of course. I like the girl ______ is called Cindy. She runs as fast as a wind. (14平房一模） A which B who C whom Friends are those ______ always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. So please value them at your side. (12香坊一模） A who B what C which ---Do you know of Guo Mingyi? ---Yes. He is an ordinary worker ______ helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example. (13真题）
高中英语定语从句知识点及练习复习过程
高中英语定语从句知识点及练习
高中英语---定语从句 一定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
定语从句课堂笔记
定语从句课堂笔记（单燕梅） 同学们，定语从句在英语运用中是最重要最普遍的语法模块之一，希望大家用心学习，全面掌握！ 句和非限制性定语从句（被修饰的词：先行词；引导定语从句的词：关系词,在句中的作用是连接先行词和定语从句） 常见的关系代词有that ,which , who, whom, whose as，在从句中作主语或宾语 He is the man (who/that/whom) you want to see. (关系代词做 的宾语) The man who/that will give a talk is a famous professor. (who/that做从句的主语) The girl, who is very beautiful, impressed us with her strong sense of humor. 注意：當先行詞是those（指人）, she ,he ,they等代詞時,關係代詞用who. We have visited the factory which/that makes TV sets The fish (which/that )they sell are not fresh.(关系代词which/that 做sell的宾语) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. I live in the room whose window faces south. Flora, whose hair was wet, began to cry. whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. =They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. 比较：This is the same wallet as I lost.这个钱包和我丢的那个一样。
初二英语定语从句知识点归纳
初二英语定语从句知识点归纳 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《初二英语定语从句知识点归纳》的内容，具体内容：定语从句是在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。那么初二英语定语从句结构归纳有哪些?下面是我分享给大家的初二英语定语从句知识点，希望大家喜欢!初二英语定语从句知识点... 定语从句是在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。那么初二英语定语从句结构归纳有哪些?下面是我分享给大家的初二英语定语从句知识点，希望大家喜欢! 初二英语定语从句知识点 一名词性从句: 1. 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which,whom, whether, how 引起. 2. 主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语. : 3. 形式宾语 4. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句 5. whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同. 当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.
Whether he will come or not isnot known. 6. 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because. The reason why he is often latefor class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning. 二:定语从句 1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when,where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where ,when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which. 2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much,very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing,something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that. 3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头. 4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句 5. 代/名+介词+which 从句 6. 同位语从句和定语从句 三、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
定语从句笔记整理
授课人：Prof. Wooden Part 1 定语从句定义及概述 什么是定语从句？ (1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 (3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。 will never forget the girl（先行词） that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street （定语从句）. ※定语从句两个必须 ★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分； ★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。 Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词that的用法 用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语，指物) ※关系代词that的特权和禁区 1. 特权：行使特权的条件： （1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）； （2）介词没有提前。 2. 禁区：
有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。 （1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）； （2）介词提前时。 2.关系代词which的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) 2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语) ※只用that 不用which的情况： (1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。 The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词既有人又有物。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. ※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况： (1)当关系代词前有介词时。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. (3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。 (4)当先行词本身是that时。 That which I had known about made them surprised. 3.关系代词who的用法 用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语) 2)She is not the girl who she was.(作表语) 4.关系代词whom的用法
高中定语从句笔记整理教学提纲
高中定语从句笔记整 理
精品资料 高中定语从句笔记整理 一、只用that引导的定语从句 1）序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时，要用that。 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. 2)all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用 that。 Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us. 3）当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,a few等不定代词修饰时。 4）先行词既有人又有物时，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school. 5）先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修饰时，要用that。 It is the very skirt that suits me well. 6）在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，要用that Whoever that is content with a little progress can’t make big achievements. 7）关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that He is no longer the man that he used to be. He is no longer what he used to be. 二、只用which引导的定语从句 1)介词后面只用which。 The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt. 2)引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。 He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot. 三、宜用as引导的定语从句 1、as 常用于the same...as, such... as , as... as和so...as 结构中。 Would you like to buy the same pen as I have? 2、As表示正如，位于句中或句首。 1)as has been said before 如前所述 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2
高中英语定语从句导学案(1)
Period 1 Grammar (relative pronouns of attributive clause sⅠ) 【学习目标】 1.To know some basic definitions, such as attributive clauses (定语从句), antecedent (先行词), relative pronouns（关系词）. 2.To learn how to choose a relative pronoun — that,which,who,whom,whose,as. 【学习重点与难点】 Important point: To grasp the way of selecting a relative pronoun. Difficult point: To identify the sentence parts (subject or object) that relative pronouns function as in attributive clauses. 【使用说明与学法指导】 1、带着预习案中问题导学中的问题自主设计预习提纲，对概念进行梳理，作好必要的标注和 笔记。 2、认真完成基础知识梳理，在“我的疑惑”处填上自己不懂的知识点，在“我的收获”处填写自 己对本课自主学习的知识及方法收获。 3、熟记relative pronouns of attributive clauses基础知识梳理中的重点知识。 预习案 一、问题导学 观察句子。 1.The boys are from Class One. They are playing basketball. → The boys who are playing basketball are from Class One. 2.The student is Wang Kun. The teacher has praised him. → The student whom the teacher has praised is Wang Kun. 3.The factory is over there. It produces cars. → The factory which produces cars is over there. 4.Football is a game. Most boys like football. → Fo otball is a game which most boys like. 二、知识梳理 1. 定语从句：一个句子作_______，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。 2. 主句中被修饰的名词或代词叫_________。引导定语从句的词叫做_______。 3.关系词的三个作用：指代_________；位于定语从句句首，引导整个____________； 关系词在定语从句中________(作/不作)成分。 三、预习自测 请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。 1.The boy who is wearing a black jacket is my friend. 2.That’s the girl whom I teach. 3.The cake that my mother made is for my birthday. 4.He lent me the book which you talked about yesterday. 5.They all enjoyed the story that I told. 6.The man who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 7.There is an old man who wants to see you. 8.The problem that we are facing now is how to collect so much money. 9.These are the trees which I planted last year.
定语从句 笔记整理复习进程
定语从句 授课人：Prof. Wooden Part 1 定语从句定义及概述 什么是定语从句？ (1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 (3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。 Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词）I met yesterday in the street（定语从句）. ※定语从句两个必须 ★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分； ★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。 Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句 用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语，指物) ※关系代词that的特权和禁区
1. 特权：行使特权的条件： （1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）； （2）介词没有提前。 2. 禁区： 有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。 （1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）； （2）介词提前时。 2.关系代词which的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) 2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语) ※只用that 不用which的情况： (1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。 The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词既有人又有物。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. ※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况： (1)当关系代词前有介词时。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. (3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。 (4)当先行词本身是that时。 That which I had known about made them surprised. 3.关系代词who的用法
初中英语定语从句笔记
定语从句 （一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 （二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语) 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
高考高中定语从句知识点汇总
定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 3.区别： 4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况 4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同
There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 1.which,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours. 4.as 作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。 一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中，表示“像”的意思 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
高中定语从句知识点汇总
高中定语从句知识点汇 总 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 4.1有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同 There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 1.which,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is
高一英语定语从句笔记
1关系代词（先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语时）： that(人或物)，which（物），who(人)，whom(人)（只作宾语），whose(指代先行词的所有格，可替代人或物) 2关系副词（先行词在从句中充当状语时）： where(充当地点)=介词+which; when(充当时间)=介词+which; why(充当原因)=for which 3 whose cover=the cover of which=of which the cover whose money=the money of whom=of whom the money(后两种很少用) 4 介词后的关系代词只能用which指代物，用whom指代人 The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city in which she lives is far away. 5 只能用that 做关系代词的情况 1) 先行词为不定代词everything，little，much，all，anything，nothing , none 等。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2) 先行词前有形容词最高级时，或是最高级时，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 3) 先行词被the only，the very，the last ，the same ,the just等修饰时，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4) 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5) 先行词被序数词或the last 修饰时， e.g. He was the first person that got to the Mount Emei. 6) 先行词是或被不定代词all, few, little, much, every, some, no等修饰时。 e.g. I have done all that he told us to do. 我已完成了他让我做的一切。 He has no books that I need. 他没有我所需要的书。 7) 当先行词是疑问词who，which, what或主句以这些词开头时， e.g. which is the star that is never to the earth? Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? 6 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导； 7 The earth is round. _It __ is known to all. The earth is round, _as/which__ is known to all. __As___ is known to all, the earth is round __It____ is known to all that the earth is round. 定语从句在句首时只能用as，as是准关系代词 as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected 8 当先行词有the same 修饰时，关系代词可以用that, 也可以用as,但意思不同 This is the same pen as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。（the same ---as---相似物）This is the same pen that I lost.这本书就是我丢的那本。（the same---that---同一物） 9 当先行词是the way（方式）时，定语从句用that或in which或省略 I don’t like the way that/in which/省略you talked to your mother.我不喜欢你跟你母亲说话的方式。 10 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，也不能省略 Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.（限制性定语从句限定前面的名词，不可省略）
定语从句笔记.doc
学习必备 定语从句 Part 1 定语从句定义及概述 什么是定语从句？ (1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 (3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。 Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句） . ※定语从句两个必须 :★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分； ★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。 Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句 项 目关系词先行词所指关系词在从句中的作用 关系词 that which who 关系代词 whom whose as 1.关系代词 that 的用法 用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常_______。 1)This is the factory that produces cars.作(_____,指物 ) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate.作( ______,指人 ) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. 作(______，指物 ) ※关系代词 that 的特权和禁区 1.特权：行使特权的条件： （1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）；（2）介词没有提前。 2.禁区： 有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用 which；指人时用 who/whom。 （1）___________________（即从句前有逗号）；（2）_________提前时。 2.关系代词 which 的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.作(主语 ) ※只用 that 不用 which 的情况： 欢迎下载 (1)______________________________ This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)________________________________ The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是 _________________等不定代词或由 some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被 ______________________修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词 ____________________ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词 ________/_________时。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. ※只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情况： (1)当关系代词前有 _______时。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow. (2)引导 ________________________时。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. (3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用 _________。 (4)当先行词本身是that 时。 That which I had known about made them surprised. 3.关系代词 who 的用法 用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语 ) 2)She is not the girl who she was.作(表语 ) 先行词是人时，常用who 而不用 that 的情况： a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who，eg. I will pardon him who is honest. b. 先行词为等时， eg. All who heard the news were excited. c.在以 there be 开头的句子中，eg. There is a girl who wants to see you. d.当先行词后有较长的修饰语时， eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently. 4.关系代词 whom 的用法 用法：指人，who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用 who 或 that 代替。