英美文学1
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名词解释：
Renaissance(文艺复兴)
The activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Humanism(人文主义)
Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.
Critical Realism(批判现实主义)
Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means the tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism of society and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality. Romanticism(浪漫主义)
In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to england.2>it was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.3>Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table. In the tale, Sir Gawain accepts a challenge from a mysterious warrior who is completely green, from his clothes and hair to his beard and skin. The "Green Knight" offers to allow anyone to strike him with his axe if the challenger will take a return blow in a year and a day. Gawain accepts, and beheads him in one blow, only to have the Green Knight stand up, pick up his head, and remind Gawain to meet him at the appointed time. The story of Gawain's struggle to meet the appointment and his adventures along the way demonstrate the spirit of chivalry and loyalty.
What is the influence of the Norman Conquest upon English language and literature? （诺曼征服对英国的影响）
The three chief effects of the conquest were (a) the bringing of Roman civilization to England; (b) the growth of nationality, i.e. a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (c) the new language and literature, which were proclaimed in Chaucer.
The theme of
The theme of
different people to pursue studies.
The theme of
uses and benefits of get the truth.
评价：The greatset work of John Milton, and it presents the autho’s view in an allegoric religious form, and the reader will easily discern its basic idea—the exposure of reactionary force of his time and passionate appearl for freedom The theme of
宗教态度：justify the ways of God.
启蒙运动
Introduction: The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgroisie against feudalism. The Enlighteners fought against class inequality, staanation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.
英国启蒙运动时期的特点：①the government divided into hostile parties:the liberal Whigs and the conservative Tories; ②the rapid development of social life;
③the inception of a new literary current—that of sentimentalism; ④the pre-ronmanticism became a conspicuous trend in the English literature of the latter half of the 18th century