强调句型讲解及练习

强调句型讲解及练习
强调句型讲解及练习

强调句型讲解和练习

一、定义

强调就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中,要强调句子的某一成

分,一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义,只起引出

被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时,除可用that外,还可换用who(强调宾语指人时也可用whom)。使用强调句型时,应注意以下事项:

1、去掉强调结构It is (was) …that(who)…后,剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较:

1. It is strange thathe didn’t come yesterday.

2. It is you and Tomthat didn’t come yesterday.

显然,句1去掉It is… that …后,句子结构不完整,是主语从句;句2去掉It is … that …后,句子变为you andTom didn’t come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子,这是一个强调句。再如:

1. It is what you dorather than what you say ____matters.

A.that

B. what

C.which

D. this

答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型,去掉强调结构,剩下的是Whatyou do rather than what you say matters. 表意完整。

2. That was really asplendid evening. It’s years ____I enjoyed myself somuch.

A.when

B. that

C.before

D.since

答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知,该句不是强调句型。It指时间,句意为:好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。

2、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时,不可用when, where, why或how,而仍用that。试比较:It wasbecause of the accident why he was late. (误), It was because of theaccident that he was late. (正)。又如:

1. Itwas not until midnight_____ theyreached the camp site.

A. that

B.when

C.while

D. as

答案A。该题强干扰项是B,考生容易因强调时间状语untilmidnight而误选。

2. It was after hegot what he had desired ____he realized it was not soimportant.

A.that

B.when

C.since

D. as

答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he got what he haddesired,题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。

3、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式,在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:

How did he come here? 强调how: How was it that he came here?

Why did he came late? 强调Why: Why was it that he came late?

1. I just wonder ____that makes him so excited.

A. why it does

B. what hedoes

C. how itis

D. what it is

答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出,但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序:it is what that makes him soexcited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,强调了疑问代词what,因为wonder后宾语从句,故用了陈述语序。

2. It was not untilshe got home ____Jennifer realized she had lost herkeys.

A. when

B. that

C.where

D.before

答案B。如果去掉强调结构,该句是一个“not… until”句型:Jennifer didn’t realize she hadlost her

keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until she gothome,这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was 之后。

4、强调主语时,that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语;be的变化只有is 和was两种形式,如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时,就用Itis…, 表达过去时的各种形式时,用It was….一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如:

1. It is Iwho/ that am an English teacher.

2. It is theboy who/ that speaks English best in theclass.

3. It was onSunday that he gave George this ticket.

4. It is thelittle girl who/ that has broken the glass.

5、强调句中的时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等),用It is...that...。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was...that...。如:

Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.

It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)

It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)

It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语)

It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语)

有时,be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如:

It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。

It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。

6、在复习中有可能把It is/ was…that句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况:

1)、把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/was…that误认为是强调句式。

--- Where did you getto knowher?

--- It was on thefarm ____ we worked.

A.that

B. there

C. which

D. where

答案D。该句易误作强调句型,所以A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句,修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选D,因为平日教学老师一再强调,用强调句型时即使强调地点状语,也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用itwas… that

强调句型的话,可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I gotto know her.”

2)、把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。

It was twenty miles from our city to the village ____the accidenthappened.

A. that

B.when

C. then

D.where

答案D。本题貌似It was…that强调句型,其实不然。句中It表示距离,where 引导地点状语从句。3)、把It is/ was…that结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。

1. The Foreign Minister said, “____our hope that the two sides willwork towardspeace.”

A. This is

B. There is

C. Thatis

D. It is

答案D。如果选A和C,指示代词This和That在句中找不出指代的内容,选B意义不通。故选D。虽然选It is后题干中出现了Itis…that结构,但这不是强调句型。很明显,题干中的that从句应是主语从句,所缺的是形式主语。

7、强调句型It is/ was… that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓

语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did,这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前,以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如:

I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。

He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。

You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。

二、使用此句型时应注意以下几点

1.原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时, 用It was...that... 。属于表现在的时态时, 用It is... that... 。如:

It is the computer that is doing many jobs. 是计算机做了许多工作。

When was it that the Long March started? 长征是在何时开始的?

2. 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即is或was。如:

It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打扫完教室的人是他们。

3. 被强调部分指人时, It is(was)... 后用who, whom 或that均可; 指事物或情况时, 通常用that (一般不用when, where, which等)。如:

It was yesterday that he saw me in the park. (不可用when)

It is her whom you should ask. (还可用who/that)

It was in the street that they quarreled. (不可用where)

4. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语, who/that 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。如:

It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他们又说又笑的啊。

5. 强调双宾语时,无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语,根据适当情况加上介词to 或for 等。如:

It was a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night. (=Tom gave me a new dictionary last night. )汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。

It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present. (=John bought me a red shirt as a

birthday present. )作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。

6. 对not... until... 句型强调时, 要把not 连同until 短语或从句一起提前。如:

It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me. (=He didn't notice me until I spoke to him. )直到我跟他说话他才注意到我。

7. 强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时, 要将疑问词置于句首, 句子结构仍是疑问句形式。如:

Where was it that you put the book? (=Where did you put the book? )你把书放在哪里了?

Who was it that called me this morning? (=Who called me this morning? )今天早上是谁打电话给我的?

8. 此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以because 引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由since 或as 引导的原因状语从句, 也不能强调由although 和whereas 引导的句子。如:

It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因为他生病了, 所以我们才决定回家的。

Was it in Beijing you first met him? (=Was it in Beijing that you first met him? )你第一次见到他时是在北京吗?

What is it you want me to do? (=What is it that you want me to do? )你究竟要我做什么?

三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况

1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构,方法是将It is (was)... that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构,反之则是主语从句。试比较:

It was yesterday that he met her in the street. (=Yesterday he met her in the street. )是昨天他在街上碰见了她。(强调结构)

It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. (=That he met her in the street yesterday was said. )据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。(主语从句)

It is clearly that she speaks. (=She speaks clearly. )她说话吐字清楚。(强调结构)

It is clear that she has heard of it. (=That she has heard of it is clear. )显然她已听说了这件事。(主语从句)

2. 要分清是强调结构中的that-(who-)分句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-(who-)分句。判断的方法还是将It is(was)... that去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的that-(who-)分句, 反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-(who-)分句。如:

It is money that is most needed. (=Money is most needed. )(强调结构中的that)

It is the money that he returned me. (定语从句中的that)

四、强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式,下面简单归纳它的几种结构:

1.用助动词“do(does/did)+动词原形”来表示强调:

He does know the place well.他的确很熟悉这个地方。

Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。

2.用形容词very,only,single,such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气:

That's the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。

You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。

Not a single person has been in the shop this morning.今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。

How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?

3.用ever,never,very,just等副词和badly,highly,really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调:Why ever did you do so?你究竟为什么要这么做?

He never said a word the whole day.一整天,他一句话也没说。

You've got to be very,very careful.你一定得非常、非常小心。

This is just what I wanted.这正是我所要的。

He was badly wounded.他伤得很严重。

I really don't know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。

4.用in the world,on earth,at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句):

Where in the world could he be?他到底会在哪儿?

What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?

Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?

5.用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感:

How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊!

Oh,what a lie!啊,真是弥天大谎!

6.用重复来表示强调:

Why!why!The cage is empty!啊!啊!箱子是空的。

They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。

7.用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首)来加强语气:

On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点)

Many a time have I climbed that hill.我多次翻过那座山。

Only in this way,can we solve this problem.只有这样,我们才能解决这个问题。

8.用强调句型:“It is(was)+被强调的部分+that(who)+原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿:

It was on Monday night that all this happened.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。

It's me that he blamed.他怪的是我。

9.用If来表示强调:

1)If从句+I don't know who/what,etc.does/is/has,etc.;主语部分也可以用nobody does /is/has,etc.或everybody does/is/has,et c.来代替(这里的if从句往往是正话反说,反话正说):

If he can't do it,I don't know who can.要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做)

If Jim is a coward,everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼)

2)if从句+it be主句(此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形,即把所要强调的内容放在it be 的后面,把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中):

If anyone knew the truth,it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相,那便是汤姆。

If there is one thing he loves,it is money.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西,那便是金钱。

10.用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调,加强语气:

It's because of hard work—ten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作——十年艰苦的工作!He began the work in late May.他在五月底开始的这项工作。(强调时间)

随堂练习:

1. It is the ability to do the job________matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _______ he chose the course.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. how

3. It is these poisonous products _______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.

A .who B. that C .howD .what

4. Why! I have nothing to confess. _______ you want me to say?

A. What is it that

B. What it is that

C. How is it that

D. How it is that

5. It was with great joy _______ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.

A because

B which

C since

D that

6. An awful accident _______, however, occur the other day.

A. does

B. did

C. has to

D. had to

7. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. before

8. It was_______ black home after the experiment.

A. not until midnight did he go

B.until midnight that he didn’t go

C.not until midnight that he went

D.until midnight when he didn’t go

9. —________that he managed to get the information?

—Oh,a friend of his helped him.

A. Where was it

B.What was it

C. How was it

D. Why was it

10.1) It was 20 years ago ________ the two friends met in Viet Nam.

2) It will be 20 years ________ they meet in Viet Nam.

3) It is 20 years ________ he came to live here.

4) It was 20 years ________ he spent in writing this novel.

5) It was not long ________ the people in Austria took up guns.

6) It was midnight _______ he came back home.

A. when

B. before

C. since

D. that

用强调句型itis/ was… that/ who强调划线部分

1. She didn’t knowher mother was ill in bed until she came home fromwork.

2. Did his father dieduring the Second World War?

3. Who brokethe window?

4. How did yousucceed?

5. He is ateacher now.

6. I boughtyou the dictionary.

7. I am toblame.

8. You arewrong.

9. I am looking forhim.

10. He told me thenews at the gate.

[答案]

1. B。首先判断这是强调句型,强调的是主语the ability to do the job,所以选用that。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等),则用It was...that...。如:

2. A。这个句子稍微复杂点。Said that 后面的是宾语从句。然后在这个从句里,有一个it is…that 的强调句。整个宾语从句意思说:正是因为他对文学有浓厚的兴趣,他才选择了这个课程。

3. B。本题强调主语these poisonous products.

4. A。本句中强调句型对特殊疑问词what 进行强调,去掉强调句型后句子为What do you want me to say?我们可以看到被强调的what 是say 的宾语。

5. D。对状语with this joy 进行强调。

6. B。本题考查助动词do对动词的强调。从the other day (那天)判断整个句子应用过去时态,A、C两项时态错误,D项不合题意,故选B,did可译为“的确,真地”。

7. B。句意:直到他到家的时候,Jennifer才意识到钥匙丢了。until结构时用于强调句式时,要将否定词not移到until前。

8. C。本题是对强调句型与not……until从句的结合考查,把not移至被强调的部分之后,要注意把句子中的动词用过去式。

9. C。根据下文的答语a friend of his helped him可知上文是强调方式状语。

10. 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) A 先分析结构,再分析意思。谨慎试词,防止混淆。1.句强调时间状语,故用that;2.是It…before…句型,时间状语从句,只用before;3. It is a period of time since-clause是固定结构,只用since;4.是强调句型,因spend一词为及物动词,故需要宾语that。此例也可能是定语从句,若为定语从句则which亦可。但强调句和定语从句的意义是不同的。5是It…before…句型,时间状语从句,只用before. 6 是when引导的时间状语从句。

五大基本句型的讲解与练习(无答案)

五大基本句型 一、及物动词和不及物动词 1.及物动词(vt.):不能单独使用。必须接宾语。 2.不及物动词(vi.):可以单独使用。但如果要接宾语或补语,必须要介词连接。 注意:1.很多词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。 2.一般情况下,来往型动词(go ,come, arrive, move等)、存在型动词(be、exist)、 发生型动词(happen等)都是不及物动词 3.特别注意marry(和……结婚),reach(到达……),enter(进入……),attend(参 加……),discuss(讨论……)这些词都是及物动词 二、句子主要成分 1.主语:句子主要陈述对象,也是动作的发出者。由名词(代词)担任。 2.谓语:主语发出的动作。只能由动词担任。 3.宾语:动作的承受着。由名词(代词)担任。 4.补语:起补充说明的作用。可以由名(代)形担任 注意:1.主谓必须放在句子最前面。谓语必须紧跟在主语后面。 2.谓语动词的类型,决定了句子的类型。 三、五大类型 类型一 主+谓(S+V) 例:I go._________________________________________________________________ We study.____________________________________________________________ My mom cooks.________________________________________________________ 这些句子中的动词都是_______动词。 这些句子的形式都过于简单,因此我们会在后面添加上_____词,让它们更完整。 但是________词并不是句子的基本要素,是可有可无的。 类型二 主+谓+宾(S+V+O) 例:I read this_______.(书) You want ________.(快乐) I love ________. (你) 这种句型使用的频率最_____。 这里的动词全是_______动词,即动词的后面必须要跟上_____语。且宾语要由______ 词来担任 类型三 主+系+表(S+L+P) 例:I am._________________________________________________________________ She looks._____________________________________________________________

句型转换 专项训练

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