英语强调句型详解及练习

1. 强调结构的陈述式

强调结构的陈述式为“It is （was）+ 被强调部分+ that （who）…”。该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语动词。该句式中用that或who的区别是：当被强调的指人时，用that或who均可；当被强调的不是指人时，则只能用that（注意不用which）。如：It was in the office that he was killed. 他是办公室被杀害的。（强调in the office）

It is the children who broke the window. 是孩子们打破窗户的。（强调the children）

It was to you and not anyone else that I lent the money. 我只借钱给你，不借给其他人。（强调to you and not anyone）

It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood. 当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到双亲的辛苦。（强调only when you have your own children）

2. 一般疑问句的强调结构

一般疑问句的强调结构就是将be提到句首，即使用“Is / Was it+ 被强调部分+ that / who…”。如：Is it Tommy who answered the telephone? 是汤米接的电话吗? Is it from advertising that a newspaper earns a lot of its profits? 报纸获利最多的部分是在于广告收入吗？

3. 特殊疑问句的强调结构

特殊疑问句的强调结构句型为“疑问词（Who / What / When / Where / Why / How）+is / was it that…”这样的形式。如：When was it that he got married? 他是什么时候结婚的? How long ago is it that you last saw her? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? Why is it that I always land up cleaning the bath? 为什么总是该我来洗刷浴缸? In which play of Shakespeare's is it that Viola appears? 维欧拉是在莎士比亚那个剧里出现的吗?

强调句的结构是“It is / was +强调部分+ that / who-从句”，it在句中作先行词，被强调

的部分通常是主语、宾语和状语。这是it的主要用法和考点之一。

It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

答案是B，其中that。又如：

It was December26, 1893 ____ Mao Zedong was born in the common village.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. in which

答案分别是D和A。前一句是强调句，因为被强调的部分in 1969是that从句中一个完整的句子成分，改为非强调句后的句子是：The American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon in 1969。而后一句的December 26, 1893不能成为从句的一个完整成分，所以不是强调句，而是定语从句，December 26, 1893是先行词。在强调句中，it是先行词；在第二句中，it作主语，指时间。

六．被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数，即is或was。例如：

It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

答案是B。由于所叙述的是过去的事，不能用is。

(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

A. since

B. as

C. that

D. he

答案选C，被强调成分为who，该句实为类似It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。

(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. if

答案选C，被强调成分为what，该句实为类似It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。

5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.

A. which

B. as

C. what

D. that

【迷惑】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填that (即选D)，被强调成分为what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：

(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.

A. which

B. since

C. that

D. what

答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。

(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。

(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.

A. who, where

B. that, how

C. who, that

D. that, which

此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。

7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. in which

【迷惑】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。

【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：

Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. in which

10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.

A. which

B. as

C. that

D. what

【迷惑】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。

【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。