2017届高考英语二轮专题复习定语从句导学案
定语从句
【考纲解读】
根据考纲要求,考生应做到:
1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句;
2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;
3. 定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. which与that的区别；as与which的区别；whose与of which的转换。
【预习导学】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that 可以省略。
①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school
___________________I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。
②I have many friends to __________ I’m going to send post car ds.
我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。
(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。
The school shop, _____________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。
2．that, which引导的定语从句
(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或
物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum ____________ had been constructed three years before.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况：
①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。
I refuse to accept the blame for something ___________ was someone else’s fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place ________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。
The only part of the meal _________ I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They will never forget the things and persons ________ they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：
①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week, _________ worried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。
We live in an age _________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
3．as引导的定语从句
(1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行词＋as ...”结构中。
Such machines _______ are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
名师指津：
which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.(2013?安徽高考单选)
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
(2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。
常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” ________ the old saying goes.
正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1．where 引导的定语从句
where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”。
Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ____________ you can hear some lovely music.(2015·北京高考单选)
＝Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, __________ you can hear some lovely music.
对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。
名师指津：
当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2．when 引导的定语从句
when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。
I am looking forward to the day __________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南高考单选)
我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。
3．why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason ________________ he didn’t attend the meeting?
你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
名师指津：
非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。
三、“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句
1．介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下
三方面入手：
（1）先行词的意思
（2）从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配
（3）句子的意思
①Trading leather shoes is the business __________ the Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to “献身，致力于”)
②Care of the soul is a gradual process ____________ even the small details of life should be considered.(2012·湖南高考单选)
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
③Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price___________ (＝_________ price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。
He had a lot of friends, none __________ would offer help to him when he was in trouble.
他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。
3．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句
有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
His head soon appeared out of the window, from __________ he saw nothing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)
【考点突破】
考点1 as，which引导的非限制性定语从句
1．It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.(2015·湖南，29) A．as B．where C．that D．which
2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015·福建，34)
A．who B．whom C．that D．which
3．The number of smokers，________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015·江苏，21)
A．it B．which C．what D．as
考点归纳
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代主句的整个意思。但as和which具有不同的词义、句法和用法。
1．as意为“正如，像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
The famous magician Liu Qian，as we all know，is from Taiwan.
众所周知，著名魔术师刘谦是台湾人。
As is often the case，girls like dolls while boys like guns.
女孩子喜欢玩具娃娃而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。
2．which引导的定语从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。它只能位于主句的后面。
He changed his mind again，which(＝and this/that) made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。
She tore up my photos，which (＝and that) upset me.
她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不安。
3．as有以下常见的“固定表达”：
as we all know 众所周知；as I can remember 正如我所记得的；as often happens 正如经常发生的那样；as we expect 正如我们预料的那样；as you see正如你所见；as was expected 正如预料的那样；as can be seen 看得出来；as may be imagined 正如可以想象的那样；as has been said above 如上所述；as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样；as is often the case情况常常如此；as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那样。
考点2 where引导的定语从句
1．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.(2015·天津，15)
A．where B．which C．when D．who
2．Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.(2014·福建，31)
A．who B．when C．which D．where
3．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏，22)
A．which B．when C．as D．where
考点归纳
当先行词为position，case，point，stage，situation，condition等表示抽象地点的名
词，且定语从句中不缺少主要成分时，常用where引导定语从句，此时where相当于under which，from which，意为“在这种情况下，从……中”。一些不是明显表示地点的名词作先行词时，也常用where引导定语从句。
He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in th e accident.(2013·江西，33)
他写了一封信，在信中，他解释了这起事故中发生的事情。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.(2013·四川，9)
现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。
考点3 when引导的定语从句
1．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________ the weather may be be tter.(2016·天津，9)
A．that B．where C．which D．when
2．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.(2015·陕西，15)
A．which B．where C．whom D．when
3．I didn’t become a serious c limber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江，5)
A．when B．where C．which D．why
考点归纳
关系副词when在定语从句中作状语，一般不能省略，可用“介词＋which”替换。when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。有时候when也可以和部分介词一起引导定语从句。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。
She went to Japan two years ago，since when I haven’t heard from her.
她两年前去了日本，从那以后我就没有收到过她的来信。
考点4 whose引导的定语从句
1．I live next door to a coupl e ________ children often make a lot of noise.(2016·北京，22)
A．whose B．why C．where D．which
2．The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.(2015·四川，3)
A．which B．what C．whose D．that
3．A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东，10)
A．which B．whose C．who D．why
考点归纳
whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“限定
词＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋限定词＋名词”来代替。
Do you know the girl whose Japanese is excellent?
你认识那个日语非常优秀的姑娘吗？
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
＝Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
请递给我封面是绿色的那本书。
考点5 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．Many young people，most ________ were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016·江苏，23)
A．of which B．of them C．of whom D．of those
2．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.(2016·浙江，11)
A．whom B．which C．what D．that
3．He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.(2015·重庆，14)
A．whom B．which C．them D．that
考点归纳
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(指物)和whom(指人)，
即：介词＋which/whom。不能用that 和who。
This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.
这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。
Great changes have taken place in the city in which we live.
我们所居住的城市发生了巨大的变化。
2．“名词/代词/数词等＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句。介词of表示整体和部分的关系，of前边会出现复杂的形式，常见的有“some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the larger/the biggest/half/many等＋of＋which/whom”形式。做题时如果不好理解，可将关系代词换成先行词，则句子结构和意义就比较明显了。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.(2013·重庆，24)
约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。
3．介词＋which＋名词
His wife got seriously ill，in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.
他的妻子病得很重，因此他不得不放弃出国的机会。
4．“复合介词短语＋which”引导的定语从句。此结构常与先行词用逗号分开，且定语从句常
用倒装语序。
They arrived at the house，in front of which sat a little boy.
他们到达那座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。
5．from where为“介词＋关系副词”结构，也可以引导定语从句。
He hid himself behind the door，from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.
他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。(from where指代from behind the door，并非指代from the door)
考点6 定语从句易混辨析
1．It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy.(2014·湖南，33)
A．that B．which C．what D．who
2．It was the culture，rather than the language，________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建，29)
A．where B．why C．that D．what
考点归纳
1．定语从句与并列句：并列句有and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
He has two children，and both of them are abroad.
He has two children，both of whom are abroad.
2．定语从句与地点状语从句：定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；定语
从句的关系词根据需要可用“介词＋which”来代替where，而地点状语从句则通常只能由 where
引导。
Rice doesn’t grow well where there is not enough water.(状语从句)
I still remember the farm where(＝in which) my parents worked ten years ago.(定语从句)
3．定语从句与强调句：强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。检测是否是强调句的方法是：把强调句中的It is/was与that/who去掉，再把被强调部分还原，在不增加或减少任何单词的情况下，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则为定语从句。
It is on the morning of May 1st that I met Liang Wei at the airport.(强调句)
It is the factory where Mr Wang works.(定语从句)
4．定语从句与结果状语从句：在such...as/that结构中，如果复合句中需要一个引导词，同时又需在从句中充当一定的成分，则用as作关系词来引导定语从句。如果从句中不缺少任何成
分，所需要的词只起连接作用，则要用that来引导结果状语从句。
She is such a kind and funny girl that all of us like to make friends with her.
It is such a big stone as no one can move.
【方法总结】
方法1 先行词还原法
如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。
She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A．that B．which C．where D．when
答案 D
解析 her stay为先行词，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there.。when指代during her stay，在定语从句中作时间状语。
方法2 四步分析法
正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否属特殊。
(1)As a child，Jack studied in a village school，________ is named after his grandfather.
A．which B．where C．what D．that
答案 A
(2)Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A．what B．whose C．which D．that
答案 B
解析句意为：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。分析句子结构可知，本定语
从句不缺主要成分，故排除C项；what不能引导定语从句，故排除。children与diet是所属关系，故B项符合题意。
方法3 固定搭配法
在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。
Wind power is an ancient source of energy ________ we may return in the near future.
A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which
答案 C
解析句意为：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to重新恢复，属于固定搭配。
【扩展交流】
(2016·衡水市点睛金榜
大联考)It’s really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known. ________________
的错用
关系代词在从句中作主
语、宾语、表语和定语；关系
副词在从句中作状语。
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a
bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. ___________________
(2)that与which的错用
在不定代词、最高级、序
数词等后用that；在非限制
性定语从句和介词后用
which。
(2016·九江高三一
模)The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us. __________________
(3)which和whose的错
用
在定语从句中，关系代词
which在从句中常作主语或宾
语，也可作定语，而whose只
可作定语，“whose＋n.”相
当于“the＋n.＋of which”
或“of which＋the＋n.”。
(2016·嘉峪关市一中三
模)There are many people think that wealth is better than health.
_____________________
_________________________
(4)关系词的缺失
主要考查在there be结
构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉
用作主语的关系词
who/that/which等。
【当堂达标】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·唐山一中仿真模拟一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, __________ made his money by starting the company Microsoft.
2．(2016·海口二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club _____________ would be able to do this for them.
3．(2016·山东临沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic (流行病), _________ becomes popular around the world very quickly.
4．(2016·三门峡市考前适应性练习)Jane paused in front of a counter __________ some attractive ties were on display.
5．(2016·邢台高三摸底考试)Officer: I’m afraid I can’t do that, Madam. In school zones, I’m required to give tickets to all drivers _________ break the rules. It’s the law in this county.
6．(2016·南阳一中二模)Freeflyers, _______ the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous (即兴的) thrill of doing their own things.
7．(2016·青岛高三第二次统一质检)It’s generally believed that this is the best play __________ was written by Jack.
9．(2016·滕州4月模拟)Those ________ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
10．(2016·南阳一中二模)My uncle has two daughters, both of _________ are good students.
11．(2016·滕州5月模拟)She dreamed of the day___________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2016·大庆质量检测二短文改错)I finally knew the reason what she didn’t talk to me and comforted her.
2．(2016·兰州模拟短文改错)However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.
3．(2016·唐山一模短文改错)I made friends with the daughter of my homestay family, which was a college student.
4．(2016·长春质量监测二短文改错)I am a 25yearold young man graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.
6．(2016·江西赣州模拟短文改错)He saw pictures of vehicles could climb up the sides of buildings. He made up his mind to design a better vehicle.
7．(2013·湖南高考改编)Happiness and success often come to those whom are good at recognizing their own strengths.
8．(2016·广西柳州3月模拟短文改错)And I am unfamiliar with the language style of the speech article, that is totally different from the common article.
语法填空
(2016·河北省七校高三联合考试)When you decide you’re going to live alone, you get upset. This is __1__(nature). But there’s no need to get __2__(worry). Below are some ideas __3__ can help you out.
Saving money is __4__ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money __5__(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The __6__ (easy) of all ways is to spend less!
Search for a place to live in before __7__(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford __8__. If y ou’re going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.
And if you have to live __9__ your own for a long time, you’ll have to look for a part-time job. If you’re __10__ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And don’t spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.
参考答案
【预习导学】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
（1）①who/whom/that ② whom
(2) whose
2．that, which引导的定语从句
(1) that/which
(2) ① that ② that ③ that ④ that
(3) ① which ② in which
3．as引导的定语从句
(1) as (2) as
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1．where 引导的定语从句
where in which
2．when 引导的定语从句
wWhen
3．why引导的定语从句
why/for which
三、“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句
1．介词和关系代词的确定
(1) 先行词的意思
(2) 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配
(3) 句子的意思
① to which ② in which ③ of which whose
2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
of whom
3．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句
where
【考点突破】
考点1 as，which引导的非限制性定语从句
1. 答案 D
解析句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主
语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。
2. 答案 D
解析句意为：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词指代前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，且空格前有逗号，故用which来引导。
3. 答案 D
解析考查定语从句。句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”，符合句意，故选D项。
考点2 where引导的定语从句
1. 答案 A
解析句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故要用where。
2. 答案 D
解析关系副词where引导定语从句修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。
3. 答案 D
解析句意为：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。work后跟一个定语从句，且work在从句中作状语，表示一个抽象的地点名词，用where来引导。
考点3 when引导的定语从句
1. 答案 D
解析句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。
2. 答案 D
解析句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，表示时间，且从句中缺少状语，故用when引导。
3. 答案 A
解析句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个挂在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。
考点4 whose引导的定语从句
1. 答案 A
解析句意为：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，
由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。
2. 答案 C
解析句意为：桌面上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。本题考查非限制性定语从句的
引导词，先行词the books和covers之间是所属关系，故选C。
3. 答案 B
解析考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求
机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系，故选择whose。
考点5 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. 答案 C
解析句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。
分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。
2. 答案 B
解析句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到
证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是many theories，指物，故应用 which。
3. 答案 B
解析句意为：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在20世纪90年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰children’s books的非限制性定语从句，which指代children’s books。
考点6 定语从句易混辨析
1. 答案 A
解析考查强调句型的判定。句意为：让生活愉快的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我
们不得不做的事情。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证句子成分是否完整。经判断句子“Not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.”成分完整，结构正确，由此可以判定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。本题中包含结构not...but...“不是……而是”，连接平行的并列结构。
2. 答案 C
解析考查强调句。句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。去掉It was 及空格处所填词此句成分仍完整，由此可断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处用that。
【扩展交流】
在people后加或
【当堂达标】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. who
2. that/which
3. which
4. where
5. who/that
6. as
7. that 8. which 9. who 10. whom 11. when 12. why
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. what→why
2. which→who
3. which→who
4. man后加who/that或
graduated→graduating 5. they→who或they前加and 6. could前加that/which
7. whom→who 8. that→which
语法填空
1．natural 考查形容词。句意：当你决定单独生活时，你变得沮丧，这是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空处作表语，故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。
2．worried 考查形容词。get worried“担心，担忧”。
3．that 考查定语从句。句意：下面是一些帮助你摆脱困境的方法。因为先行词前有不定代词some修饰，所以此处用that引导限制性定语从句。
4．what 考查表语从句。句意：在你搬出去的几个月之前，你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
5．to help 考查非谓语动词。句意：你需要存足够的钱，帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
6．easiest 考查最高级。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由of all ways可知用最高级。
7．moving 考查非谓语动词。介词before后跟动词ing形式。
8．it 考查代词。此处用it指代前面的“the place”。
9．on 考查介词短语。on one’s own“单独，独自”。
10．a 考查冠词。句意：如果你是一名学生，你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。
高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句(解析版)
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
新高考下的英语定语从句
定语从句 考纲要求： 掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。 在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。 复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。一般用逗号把主从句分开。关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。 1.当先行词是人： 关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom 在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。) This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略） I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略） The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom] 注意： ?若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人) ?若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。 There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help. （填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ?在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that ①先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时 All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语） Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语） ②在被分割的定语从句中 A new teacher will come who will teach us English. ③在there be句型中 There is a girl who wants to see you. ④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who. Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book. 2.当先行词是物： 连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+名词。） The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略） This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略） The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语）（填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair. 注意： ?如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。 The house in which I live is near yours. The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.
定语从句高考真题及答案
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高考英语专题定语从句知识点真题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Take an active part in programs you enjoy______you can meet various kinds of people. A．what B．when C．that D．where 4．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 5．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 6．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles. A．where B．when C．that D．which 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 9．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 10．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 11．Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. A．its B．which C．those D．whose 12．You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives whi le fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years. A．that; which B．whose ; which C．of which ; what D．of whom ;that
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