Lesson 7

vicinity（领近） to [near] the cargo liable to
[tend to] stain, etc.
(4) The Safety of Ship and Crew（船员）
The overriding [most important]
consideration is for the safety of ship
The COSCO B/L regulates（调整） that any one piece or package of cargo which weighs 5 000kg or upwards and any awkward cargo with
a length of 9m or upwards must be clearly and
Any negligence （疏忽）could cause great damage to ship and cargo, and even constitute [compose] potential [latent] danger to the ship and crew when at sea [on voyage].
(3) The Safety of the Cargo
Pilferage（偷窃） [theft] of cargo parcels （包裹）[lots] must be avoided by stowing them in such a way that they are blocked （闭塞）off by heavier and stout （坚固） packages. Valuable cargo must be stowed in a special compartment（各别室）. Cargoes in the same hold or compartment must be compatible, i.e. cargoes which give off [send out/release]
Lesson 7
Cargo Work
Ⅰ. view
The obligation [responsibility, duty] of the carrier is to do everything necessary to deliver the cargo to the consignee in
awkward cargoes, the chief officer must obtain,
before loading, the information on the weight,
dimensions（面积） and special requirements
for the consignments so as to decide the effective ways of cargo loading, dunnaging, securing and lashing.
work, stevedoring], including [inclusive
of] the loading, stowing, carrying [transporting] and discharging are done properly and carefully.
Before loading commences [starts] at a port, all
the handling of stowage and carriage
[transport] of cargo.
(1) The Most Efficient Use of Space
This means that every cubic foot of ship’s space must be utilized to the
the port and also in the application of ship’s
gear（设备） to cargo handling procedures（操
作）.
In cargo loading, an efficient way of cargo separation [cargo segregation] is quite necessary with most types of cargoes and particularly so with different consignments of identical[same, similar]-
and crew. This implies [means, denotes] that the cargo is stowed with due regard to the ship’s stability, trim and strength in the loaded condition.
The total weight loaded must not exceed the
In every case where dangerous goods are carried, the I.M.D.G. Code must be consulted [referred to] by the carrier for proper information. Neither shipper, nor ship’s officer should rely on memory or assumed knowledge of any consignment.
It is customary [usual/common practice] to stow（装载） the cargo in reverse（相 反） order of the intended discharge to avoid rearrangements of the consignments, and will not affect the ship’s stability, trim （匀称）or strength.
as good condition as when it was
entrusted [entrust sb. with sth., entrust sth. to sh./sth.] to the carrier.
The carrier therefore must ensure that all cargo handling operations [cargo
boldly （显眼）marked with the weight and/or
dimensions（面积） and/or length by the shipper
and shall be loaded and discharged by shore crane（岸吊） or otherwise at the ship’s option.
best advantage and the broken
stowage（亏仓） [dead space, broken space] reduced to the minimum.
(2) The Highest Possible Port Speed
The distribution of cargo in the holds must be such as to assist [facilitate, help] correct and speedy cargo handling.
Besides, the insurance claim on the ship, arising from damage due to ineffective securing and lashing, can be high. The term “dangerous goods” [hazardous goods] in cargo carriage refers to the hazardous（危险） articles, which can damage other goods, materials or the environment due to their chemical or physical properties （属性）[natures].
In the handling and stowing of the heavy lifts or awkward cargo, special care must be exercised by the ship’s officer to ensure the effective securing and lashing.
load-line（载重吃水线） marks permitted
[maximum loading]. Furthermore, particular
attention must be drawn to the proper manner
in the use of equipment and labor provided by
Examples are explosives, inflammables
[flammables], poisons, corrosives （易 腐物品）[erosive] and radioactive substances. They are divided into different classes according to the I.M.D.G. Code worked out by IMO.
holds of a ship should be well swept out [clear
away / off / out / up] and ventilated（通风）to
ensure that the space is clean, dry, odorless（无
臭） and without any residue [remains, leftover]