电拖双语词典1

电机与拖动Electrical machines and drives 第1章绪论Chapter 1 Introduction电机electrical machine拖动drive磁通magnetic flux磁密flux density磁通势magnetomotive force磁场强度magnetic field intensity磁导率permeability饱和saturation磁化曲线magnetic curve右手定则right-hand rule电压voltage电流current交流电流alternating current匝数number of turns电势electromotive force电压降voltage drop导体conductor永磁铁permanent magnet磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞损耗hysteresis losses磁畴magnetic domain剩磁magnetic remanence矫顽力coercive force涡流eddy current电磁感应electromagnetic induction欧姆ohm西门子siemens安培ampere伏volt瓦watt法拉farad赫兹hertz欧姆表ohmmeter功work基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s current law基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law基尔霍夫电流方程KCL equation基尔霍夫电压方程KVL equationFaraday’s law of electromag netic induction: If the flux linking a loop (or turn) varies as a function of time, a voltage is induced between its terminals; its value is proportional to the rate of change of flux.法拉第电磁感应定律：如果磁通链着线圈，当磁通变化时，线圈两端感应电动势，其大小与磁通变化率成正比。

Transformers and most electric motors operate on alternating current. In such devices the flux in the iron changes continuously both in value and direction. The magnetic domains are therefore oriented first in one direction, then the other, at a rate that depends upon the frequency. Thus, if the flux has a frequency of 60 Hz, the domains describe a complete cycle every 1/60 of a second, passing successively through peak flux densities +B m and –B m as the peak magnetic field intensity alternates between +H m and –H m. If we plot the flux density B as a function of H, we obtain a closed curve called hysteresis loop.变压器和多数电动机运行在交流下。

在这些设备中铁心中的磁通在大小和方向上都连续变化。

因此磁畴以某一速率先指向一个方向，再指向另一方向，此速率取决于频率。

因此，如果磁通频率为60赫兹，则磁畴每1/60秒做一整圆运动，当磁场强度峰值在+H m 和–H m之间交变时，磁密峰值在+B m和–B m之间连续变化。

如果画出磁密B随H的函数关系，所得到的封闭曲线称作磁滞回线。

第２章电力拖动系统动力学Chapter 2 Kinetics of electrical driving system电动机motor负载load转矩torque制动brake转速speed of revolution参考方向reference direction飞轮矩flywheel torque惯性inertia稳态steady-state加速acceleration减速deceleration过渡过程transient process功率power重力force of gravity机械能mechanical work势能potential energy动能kinetic energy效率efficiency输出功率output power输入功率input power转动惯量moment of inertia转速rotational speed动态平衡dynamic equilibrium齿轮gear切削cut位移displacement滑轮pulley切向力tangential force热能thermal energy温度计temperature scaleWhen a motor drives a mechanical load, the speed is usually constant. In this state of dynamic equilibrium, the torque T developed by the motor is exactly equal and opposite to the torque T L imposed by the load. However, if the motor torque is raised so that it exceeds the load torque, the speed will increase. Conversely, when the motor torque is less than that of the load, the speed drops.当电机拖动机械负载时，转速通常是稳定的。

在这种动平衡状态下，电动机产生的转矩T与负载转矩T L大小相等方向相反。

然而，当电动机转矩增加超过负载转矩时，转速增加。

相反，当电动机转矩低于负载转矩时，转速下降。

With the load now running clockwise at a speed n1, suppose we reduce T M so that it is less than T L. The net torque on the shaft now acts counterclockwise. Consequently, the speed decreases and will continue to decrease as long as T L exceeds T M. If the imbalance between T L and T M lasts long enough, the speed will eventually become zero and then reverse. If we control the motor torque so that T L=T M when the reverse speed reaches a value n2, the system will continue to run indefinitely at this new speed.当负载以转速n1顺时针转动时，假设我们减小T M使其小于T L。

此时轴上的净转矩为逆时针方向。

因此转速减小，只要T L大于T M转速将继续减小。

如果T L和T M的不平衡持续足够长的时间，转速最终将变为零然后反向。

当反向速度到达n2时控制电动机转矩使得T L=T M，系统将以这个新速度持续转下去。

第３章直流电机原理Chapter 3 Principle of direct-current machines直流电流direct-current发电机generator线圈coil滑环slip ring换向commutation换向器commutator换向片commutator segment整流器rectifier电枢armature绕组winding叠绕组lap winding波绕组wave-winding整距full-pitch槽slot短路short-circuit开路open-circuit空载no-load顺时针clockwise逆时针counterclockwise电枢反应armature reaction匝数numeber of turns炭刷carbon brush励磁电流exciting current额定电压rated voltage并励shunt-excited自励self-excited串励series-excited他励separately excited剩磁remnant flux等值电路equivalent circuit励磁绕组field winding负载情况下under load满载full-load端电压terminal voltage复励发电机compound generator差复励发电机differential compound generator 积复励发电机overcompound generator负载特性load characteristics铭牌nameplate励磁线圈field coil极数number of poles绝缘insulate气隙air gap铁心iron core云母mica原理图schematic diagram定子stator转子rotor磁极field pole电压调整voltage regulation白炽灯incandescent lamp日光灯fluorescent lamp温升temperature rise换向片数number of commutator bars电枢直径armature diameter自感self-inductance叠片lamination铸铁cast steel铸钢cast iron磁力线lines of force反电动势counter-electromotive force火花sparking起动电流starting current重载运行heavy-duty operation端盖terminal box刷握brush holder机械特性torque-speed characteristics调整曲线regulation curveDc generators and motors are built the same way; consequently, dc generator can operate as a motor and vice versa. Owing to their similar construction, the fundamental properties of generators and motors are identical.直流发电机和电动机以同样的方式制造；因此，直流发电机可以作为电动机运行，直流电动机也可以作为发电机运行。