分词作状语+状语从句+倒装句
高中英语写作句式升级变形
写作句式升级变形一、变成被动句1. 被动句在英语中使用广泛，在陈述一个客观事实时，相对于主动句，使用被动句更能够增强文章的说服力。
（建议信）I suggest that you should learn and sing Chinese songs.→ 升级表达：It is suggested that you should learn and sing Chinese songs.二、变成倒装句倒装句是一种使句子呈现亮点的方法。
在写作中常见的倒装句有以下几种：1. 以否定词开头的部分倒装。
以never, neither, nor, seldom, rarely, by no means, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, in no way, in no case, at no time, Not only... but also, No sooner... than, Hardly ... when 等否定或半否定词开头的句子。
（祝贺信表达高兴）I could hardly hold back my excitement when I heard the news that you were admitted to your ideal university.→ 升级表达：Hardly could I hold back my excitement when I heard the news that you were admitted to your ideal university.（感谢信）I will never forget your kindness and generosity.→ 升级表达：Never will I forget your kindness and generosity.（申请信）I not only have a good command of written English, but also I can speak English fairly well.→ 升级表达：Not only do I have a good command of written English, but also I can speak English fairly well.2. 以“ Only+ 状语” 开头的部分倒装。
分词作状语的用法总结
分词作状语的用法总结2022-01-24总结在一个时期、一个年度、一个阶段对学习和工作生活等情况加以回顾和分析的一种书面材料，它可以给我们下一阶段的学习和工作生活做指导，我想我们需要写一份总结了吧。
总结怎么写才能发挥它的作用呢？下面是小编收集整理的分词作状语的用法总结，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
分词作状语的用法总结在考研英语阅读中，长难句的结构分析一直是阅读理解中一个不容忽视的障碍，盘根错节的从句和结构复杂的非谓语动词常常把我们搞得晕头转向，不知所措。
其实，由于非谓语动词短语比起从句来说会使整个句子更为紧凑和简洁，所以在文章中常常会使用到非谓语动词短语。
非谓语动词短语的形式包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式，它们在句子中可以充当不同的.句子成分，本文就来谈一下如何处理考研英语中分词作状语的情况。
一、表时间,可以和时间状语从句互换。
如：Studying in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.=When he studied in the university, he was very popular among his classmates.Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. =When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.二、表原因,可以和原因状语从句互换。
如：Not knowing her address, I wasnt able to contact her. =Because I did not know her address, I wasnt able to contact her.三、表条件,可以和条件状语从句互换。
如：Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.=If you walk to work, you will save quite a lot of money.四、表让步，可以和让步状语从句互换。
分词作状语(附练习)
分词作状语(附练习)中学英语教学资源网→教学文摘→分词作状语2011-11-21 →手机版分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下：一．确定分词形式分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。
同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。
如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。
例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.A. I saw the book I wanted on the shellB. The book I wanted was on the shellC. Seeing the book lying across the deskD. Lying on the desk分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I 只能与see保持一致。
如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。
所以选C2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.分析：“Seen from the hill”是过去分词作状语。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen.二．确立句子主语可能是谁确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。
反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。
例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A. doctors came to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warning were given to tourists分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。
分词作状语与状语从句的区别
分词作状语与状语从句的区别
分词作状语与状语从句的区别如下：
1. 结构不同：分词作状语是由动词的现在分词形式表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步等意义，与句子主语是“逻辑上
的主谓关系”;而状语从句则由整个句子表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步等意义，与主句是“逻辑上的主谓关系”。
2. 位置不同：分词作状语一般位于句子开头，有时也位于句子中间或结尾;而状语从句则一般位于句子开头或结尾，很
少位于句子中间。
3. 省略不同：分词作状语时，如果它所表示的动作是在句子的主语发出的，可以省略其逻辑主语;而状语从句则不能省
略其连接词。
4. 用法不同：分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步等意义，常与现在分词和过去分词连用;而状语从句
则多由连词引导，如when、if、unless、though等，也有由短
语引导的，如as if、so that等。
2023年全国新高考1卷读后续写--我的英文写作比赛(1)讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习
2023年全国高考新课标Ⅰ卷&Ⅱ卷读后续写真题When I was in middle school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18, 1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But, like Revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it, the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.注意:1. 续写词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
状语从句和分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。
一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。
如：They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do．由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace．二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。
1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out．从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。
则可变成现在分词作时间状语。
Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out．2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。
Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”．三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例：1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder．句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。
让步状语从句的几类倒装句
让步状语从句的几类倒装句让步状语从句中的倒装编辑：彭秋义为了帮助同学们全面掌握让步状语从句的倒装用法，本文将这类语法现象归纳为以下五种句型：一、名词+as / though+主语+动词1. Queen as I am, I often feel unhappy . (虽然我是王后，但是我不开心)2. Child as my son is, he knows to help me. 我儿子虽是个孩子，但却知道帮我。
Teacher though I am , I can't know everything. 我虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。
【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。
另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。
比较：1.Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls.他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。
2.Strong man as [though] he is, he has been severely putto the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put tothe test during the past few w eeks. 他虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。
二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词1.Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。
2.Improbable as it seems, it's true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。
倒装句的形式和使用
倒装句的形式和使用倒装句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它与正常语序有所不同，将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前，或者将全部的时态辅助动词放在主语之前，从而改变了句子的语序。
倒装句在英语中多种多样，有多种形式和使用。
本文将对倒装句的形式和使用进行详细介绍。
一、完全倒装句完全倒装句是最基本的倒装形式，通常用于以下几种情况：1. 在以副词here, there, now, then等引导的句子中，用于强调地点、时间等。
例句：Here comes the bus.There goes my pen.Now is the time for action.Then came the rain.2. 在以否定词开头的句子中，用于强调否定的部分。
例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful view.Not only does he like basketball, but he also enjoys swimming.3. 在表示地点或时间的短语位于句首时。
例句：In the garden stood a tall tree.At the party appeared a famous singer.二、部分倒装句部分倒装句是指将助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，而将主动动词保持不变的倒装形式。
它通常用于以下几种情况：1. 在以否定副词或短语开头的句子中，用于强调否定的部分。
例句：Under no circumstances will I give up.By no means should you ignore his advice.2. 在以only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中，用于强调该部分。
例句：Only in this way can we solve the problem.Only by working hard can you achieve success.3. 在以表示“否定”、“否认”、“否则”等词语开头的条件句中。
高考语法复习之非谓语动词做状语及与状语从句的相互转化与语法填空的应用
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
（常和only连用）。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。
现在分词短语作状语要点总结
现在分词短语作状语要点总结现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步或补充说明等不同含义。
Coming into the room, he found the books. 他一进屋就找到了书。
（时间）Being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. 因为病了，他没有参加会议。
（原因）Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力就会成功。
（条件）The girls went out of the room, laughing and talking, 姑娘们又说又笑地走出房间。
（伴随）He came here running. 他跑着来到这里。
（方式）At he age of three, his mother died, leaving him an orphan. 他三岁时丧母，成了孤儿。
（结果）She went away, walking south. 她离开了，向南方走去。
（补充说明）由以上例句可以看出，分词短语作状语时，若表示时间、条件或原因，通常要放在句首；表示伴随（也可放在句首）、方式、结果或补充说明的分词短语，通常要放在句尾。
现在分词作状语时要注意以下六个要点：1. 现在分词可以与when, while, if ,though等连词一起使用，使状语意义更加明确。
如：Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路要当心。
If falling ill, I’ll stay home taking a good rest. 如果生了病，我要在家好好休息。
Though not understanding French, they had a very good time in Paris this summer. 虽然他们不懂法语，但是，今年夏天他们在巴黎过得很愉快。
2. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常应与句子主语保持一致，也就是说句子的主语应是现在分词动作的执行者。
知识点——现在分词(短语)作状语-1
现在分词（短语）作状语
【知识点解析】
如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作 才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动 作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似 乎是“某人在做某事时就开始做某事”，容易产生误 解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动 词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情 况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句 的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一 般式。例如：
知识点—— 现在分词（短语）作
状语
现在分词（短语）作状语
【知识点解析】
现在分词短语可以用作状语，修饰句子中由 谓语表示的主要动作。这个状语可以表示动作发 生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示主要 动作发生的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句 或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就 是句子的主语。下面分述如下：
现在分词（短语）作状语
【知识点解析】
四、作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语表示必然的结果，通常放在句末，中间有句 号，可扩展为含并列谓语的简单句或并列句。 ① I thought he was making fun of me, and ran faster than ever, reaching(＝so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath. 我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不 接下气。 ② Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after. 她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。
现在分词（短语）作状语
分词作状语用法
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要得,也就是最难掌握得。
分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子得主语。
一、现在分词作状语一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、Being ill, she can't go to work today、The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、A、hopedB、hopingC、to hopeD、hope2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、A、seizing; disappearedB、seized; disappearedC、seizing; disappearingD、seized; disappearing二、现在分词得时态语态1、现在分词得一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、The English novel being translated by the editor now will be pleted in October、2、现在分词得完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。
例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、Given more time, we will finish the work in time、3、现在分词得否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式得否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式得否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。
大学英语AB级重点语法结构
⼤学英语AB级重点语法结构⼤学英语A/B级重点语法结构⼀、时态与语态⼆、情态动词三、动词不定式四、分词（分词作状语，分词的独⽴结构，分词短语作定语和补语，with结构，动名词）五、定语从句六、状语从句七、虚拟语⽓⼋、主谓⼀致九、倒装句⼗、强调句⼗⼀、反义疑问句⼗⼆、代词⼗三、形容词和副词⼀、时态与语态考察重点：▲过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when 等引导的时间状语从句连⽤，其谓语动作⼀般表⽰过去。
（by the time/the end of ）+ 表⽰过去时间的短语或句⼦。
hardly/scarcely +过去完成时+when+过去时；no sooner + 过去完成时+ than + 过去时▲现在完成时和现在完成进⾏时状语词组：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。
▲将来完成时：常和before, until , when, after 等词连⽤，其谓语动作⼀般表⽰将来。
by (the time/end of )+表⽰将来的时间或句⼦。
1)By the end of this month, we surely ____a satisfactorysolution to the problem.A.have foundB. will be findingC. will have foundD. arefinding2)It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We’ll haveto take the machine apart to put it high.A.have leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has beenleaking3)the conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lasted4) Until then, ____ his family from him for six months.A. didn’t hearB. hasn’t been hearingC. hasn’t heardD. hadn’t heard⼆、情态动词情态动词测试重点：▲should (ought to) +have +p.p. （应该发⽣⽽没有发⽣的事情）▲might(could)+have +p.p. （过去可能发⽣⽽没有发⽣的事情）▲must+have +p.p. (对过去事件的推论) 只⽤于肯定句。
分词短语做状语的用法
注意：分词做状语时，根据表意需要，前面会保 留引起状语从句的连词。
1) After I ate my dinner quickly, I went to see Jim off. After eating my dinner quickly, I went to see Jim off.
6. As he was caught on the spot, the thief admitted his crime.
宾语补足语分词和分词短语作状语时可以表示时间原因分词和分词短语作状语时可以表示时间原因行为方式等意义
Grammar Point 1
Participles as Adverbials
I. Participles
1、作为谓语，现在分词和be 一起构成进行时；过去 分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成 时。例如：
= While he was walking along the sands,
Crusoe …
II. Participles as Adverbials
1. 分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、 行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当 于对应的状语从句。例如: 1) Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students
stood up. = When the students saw the teacher entering the
room, they stood up. 2) Heated, the Metal expands.
= The metal expands if /when it is heated. 3) Being excited, I couldn’t go to sleep.
英语作文十个加分句型
英语作文十个加分句型英语作文十个加分句型句型一：分词作状语Moved by the kids in the village, I decided to donate all my money to them.被汶川的孩子们感动了，我决定把我所有的钱都捐给他们。
Seeing Dad working so hard, I could not help bursting into tears.看到父亲工作这么辛苦，我忍不住怆然泪下。
点评：分词作状语可以用来替代时间、条件、原因等状语从句，让文章显得更加简洁，同时功底更深。
分词作状语的用法：当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一样时，可直接省略从句的主语，并把从句的谓语改成分词（主动语态改成现在分词，被动语态改成过去分词），从而构成分词作状语结构。
【例1】When I see Dad working so hard, I could not help bursting into tears.→Seeing Dad working so hard, I could not help bursting into tears.【例2】Because I was moved by the kids in Wenchuan, I decided to donate all my money to them.→Moved by the kids in Wenchuan, I decided to donate all my money to them.句型二：副词提前Obviously, one of the best ways to keep healthy is to do sports.显然，保持健康最好的方法之一是做运动。
Eventually, every child will leave home to lead his own life as a fully independent adult.最终，每一个孩子都会离开家庭去过自己的生活，成为一个完全独立地成年人。
英语状语
英语状语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
1.副词一般在句子中做状语． 2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。
3.介词短语4.从句作状语5.分词作状语1状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制.状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前加附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分.2状语的构成状语的构成经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等.含有动量词的数量短语以及重叠式的数量短语(不论动量,物量)也可以充当状语.此外,少数名词带上表比况的助词也可以作状语.3状语的书面标志——"地"状语的书面标志是结构助词"地".状语后面带或者是不带"地",情况比较复杂.一般讲来,数量短语,主谓短语,动宾短语等作状语时,大都带"地";而介词短语,方位短语,能愿动词,时间处所名词作状语时不能带"地",副词,单音节形容词作状语一般也不带"地".4多层状语如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些. 多层状语的一般语序:a.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语;b.副词.c.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语;d.表情态的形容词或谓词短语;e.表对象的介词短语. 其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后.5一般状语和句首状语状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语".时间状语从句要点: 时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：when ，while，as，after ，before，as soon as，since ，till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。
分词作状语——精选推荐
分词作状语⾮谓语动词——分词作状语精讲与精练Traveling at a speed over 400 kilometers per hour, the train can complete the 30-kilometre journey in eight minutes.英语中，分词作状语主要分以下三种情况：⼀．分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语⼀致，即为“分词作状语”⼆．分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不⼀致，即为“独⽴主格”三．独⽴主格⼀般需⾃带主语，若省去其主语，则为独⽴主格中的特殊情况，即为“悬垂分词”分词作状语分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句⼦，表⽰动作发⽣的原因、时间、⽅式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
1. 形式选择形式意义doing与主句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发⽣，或基本上同时发⽣。
having done与主句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发⽣。
done与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时或⼏乎同时亦可表⽰状态。
having been done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，先于谓语动词发⽣。
being done与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,与谓语动词同时发⽣，⼀般很少做状语，除⾮表⽰被动的动作正在进⾏或作原因状语置于句⾸。
分词的否定式是在⼀般式和完成式的前⾯加not (never)+分词The student sat there, not knowing what to do. (否定形式)辨析：done与being done Painted white, the room looks bright.Being painted now, the room can’t be lived i n.___________ (use) as a means of transport in China, the bike is very useful.___________ (use) by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.2. 句法功能常可转换成相应的状语从句。
状语从句(9种全)
状语从句在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。
状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。
一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely...when, themoment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next time, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。
1.表示“一···就···”的句型1) as soon as/onceAs soon as he arrives, I'll call you.他一到，我就给你打电话。
（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表示“一旦...”）2) on doing sth/on one's + n.作时间状语On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一到达车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。
On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 他一到达巴黎，就被认出是一个贵族，并被投入监狱。
3) no sooner ...than , hardly/scarcely...when它们表“一…就”。
结构中的否定词放在句首时，主句要倒装。
分词作状语用法归纳总结
分词作状语用法归纳总结分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式。
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。
分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
以下是小编为大家整理的分词的用法总结，希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词，提高英语水平。
一、现在分词短语作时间状语有以下三种情况：1.分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生，这时用现在分词的一般式作时间状语，其逻辑主语为句中的主语。
常用的动词，如：hear, see, arrive, return, get to, look, open, close, leave, turn around, walk等，表示一个极短暂动作。
此种情况可以换作on+动名词，表示相同的意思。
译作"一(刚)……就……"。
此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。
如：Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.(= On hearing their teacher's voice… = When they heard their teacher's voice, the pupils…)一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。
2.谓语动作发生在分词所表示的动作过程之中，则用when /while+现在分词的一般式，分词的逻辑主语为句中的主语。
此种情况可以用in+动名词的一般式代替。
也可以换作when、while引导的时间状语从句，该从句的谓语动词用进行时态。
如：Don't be careless when /while having an exam. = Don't be careless in having an exam. = Don't be careless when / while you are having an exam. 考试时不要粗心。
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非谓语动词分词作状语1 Adverb Clause of time时间状语从句1 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏As the day went on, the weather got worse.从句表示"随时间推移"连词用as，不用when 或while.2 恰恰在交通灯变红时，我停住了车。
Just as / When the traffic light turned red, I stopped my car.•不同时发生1 我陪你直到你妈妈回家。
I will stay with you until your mother comes home.I won’t leave you until your mother comes home.2 在拿到钱后，他迅速地离开了银行。
After he had got the money, he left the bank immediately. After having got the money, he left the bank immediately. Before he had got the money, he didn’t leave the bank. Before having got the money, he didn’t leave the bank.3 自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。
He has written to me frequently since I was ill.4 我到家后就给你打电话。
I’ll phone you when I get home.As soon as I get home, I’ll phone you.as soon as表示立即发生。
夏娃在剪草, 亚当种玫瑰。
Eve was cutting the grass while Adam was planting roses.Eve was cutting the grass. At the same time, Adam was planting roses.Eve was cutting the grass. Meanwhile Adam was planting roses.We had a great holiday. we spent a few days in shanghai.we drove down to Hangzhou and stayed there for a week. ,we went back to Nanjing and visited some old friends.• 2. Adverb Clause of Reason 原因状语从句连接主从句because,since, and as后接短语due to, owing to, because of• 2. Adverb Clause of Reason我没有赶上汽车所以我迟到了。
I was late because I could not catch the bus.我觉得很不舒服，我回家很早。
Because I felt tired, I went home early.1 我们总去那因为那的天气棒极了。
We always go there because the weather is wonderful.We always go there because of the wonderful weather.2 由于天气原因所以飞机晚点了。
The plane was late because the weather was bad.The plane was late because of the bad weather.Due to/ Owing to the bad weather, the plane was late.• 3. Adverb Clause of concession and contrast转折，对比These clauses are introduced by连接主从句though, although, as, even if / thoughno matter how , no matter whatwhile, whereas后接短语in spite of连接两个句子however, on the other handby contrast, in contrast, on the contrary虽然他很小但是他很强壮。
Although he is small but he is very strong.Although he is small, he is very strong.注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but尽管他膝盖（knee）受伤，他仍然赢得了比赛。
He still won the game although/ though/even though/ even if he had a bad knee.He still won the game in spite of his bad knee.•ExerciseAlthough it's raining, they are still working in the field.1 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.2 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Exercise 写同义句尽管他很小但是他很强壮。
Though he is small, he is very strong.Small though/as he is, he is very strong.尽管下雨了，他们仍然在地里工作。
Though it's raining, they are still working in the field.Raining though/as it is, they’re still working in the field.•Mary很富有但是John很穷。
•Mary is rich, while / whereas John is poor.•冬天，中国的北方很寒冷干燥。
然而，南方却温暖潮湿。
•The north of China is cold and dry, while/ whereas the south is warm and wet in winter.•however虽然我不同意他的很多方法，但是他是一个很好的老师。
1Although/ though/ even though/even ifAlthough/ though/ even though/even if I don’t agree with a lot of his methods, he is a good teacher.2butI don’t agree with a lot of his methods but he is a good teacher.3HoweverI don’t agree with a lot of his methods. However, he is a good teacher.Tom觉得这是一部很棒的电影，然而Joe觉得这部电影很傻。
Tom thought it was a great film. However, Joe thought it was stupid.•On the other handOn one hand, studying overseas has a number of advantages.Firstly,…….Secondly,………..Thirdly, …….On the other hand,studying abroad has a number of drawbacks. These may be divided into personal and professional.•in contrast, by contrast, on the contrary1 他不穷相反他是个百万富翁。
He is not poor. , he is a millionaire.2 这家旅馆不贵，相反他是这个城里最便宜的。
This hotel is not expensive. ,it is the cheapest one in this town.• 4 Adverb Clause of Result 结果状语从句连接主从句so (that), so + adj. /adv. + that such + a + noun + that, etc.连接两个句子As a result, as a consequence, consequently, in consequence, therefore •Adverb Clause of ResultTom很弱以至于他跑不动。
Tom was weak so (that) he could not run.Tom was so weak that he could not run.这个故事太离奇了以至于没人相信。
It was a strange story so (that) no one believed it.It was such a strange story that no one believed it.他不好好学习结果没通过考试。
He didn’t study hard so he failed the exams.He didn’t study hard. As a result,/ As a consequence,/ Consequently, he failed his exams. (写作) He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed his exams.（写作）He didn’t study hard, therefore he failed his exams.（写作）• 5 A dverb Clause of Purpose 目的状语从句连接主从句so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, etc.•Adverb Clause of Purpose 目的状语从句He arrived earlier so that he wouldn’t be late.He arrived earlier in order that he wouldn’t be late.He arrived earlier for fear that he would be late.He arrived earlier in case he would be late.• 6 Addition 递进（添加信息）what’s more, as well, too(后两个不用于句首)连接两个句子besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, likewise, similarly, equally•Addition 递进（添加信息）and, as well, too, what’s more, in addition, furthermore, moreover, besides (而且)对于这件工作你需要有学位而且还要有一些工作经验。