Drilling+Rig+Components石油钻机图示

Drilling Rig Components1.Crown Block and WaterTable 天车和井架天车台2.Catline Boom and HoistLine 猫头绳悬臂和绞车绳3.Drilling Line 钻绳4.Monkeyboard 井架工作台5.Traveling Block 游动滑车6.Top Drive 顶驱7.Mast 轻便井架8.Drill Pipe 钻杆9.Doghouse 钻台值班房10.Blowout Preventer 防喷器11.Water Tank 水箱12.Electric Cable Tray 电缆排13.Engine Generator Sets 发电机组14.Fuel Tank 燃油箱15.Electrical Control House 电气控制室16.Mud Pumps 泥浆泵17.Bulk Mud ComponentTanks 散装泥浆原料罐18.Mud Tanks (Pits泥浆池)19.Reserve Pit 泥浆储备池20.Mud-Gas Separator 泥浆天然气分离器21.Shale Shakers 振动筛22.Choke Manifold 节流管汇23.Pipe Ramp 管子坡道24.Pipe Racks 钻杆架25.Accumulator 蓄压器Additional rig components not illustrated at right.26.Annulus 油套管环形空间27.Brake 制动器28.Casing Head 井口采油装置29.Cathead 升降套管用绞车Equipment used in drilling48.Ram BOP 闸板式防喷器49.Rathole 大鼠洞50.Rotary Hose 水龙带51.Rotary Table 转盘52.Slips 卡瓦53.Spinning chain 旋链54.Stairways 楼梯55.Standpipe 立管56.Surface Casing 表层套管57.Substructure 井架底座Crown Block and Water Table 天车和井架天车台An assembly of sheaves 槽轮 or pulleys 滑轮 mounted on beams at the top of the derrick. The drilling line is run over the sheaves down to the hoisting drum 提升滚筒.30. Catwalk 工作平台31. Cellar 钻台下的圆井或方井32. Conductor Pipe 表层套管 33. Degasser 脱气装置 34. Desander 除砂器 35. Desilter 除泥 36. Drawworks 绞车 37. Drill Bit 钻头 38. Drill Collars 钻铤39. Driller's Console 司钻控制台40. Elevators 升降机41. Hoisting Line 起重用钢丝绳42. Hook 大钩 43. Kelly 方钻杆44. Kelly Bushing 方钻杆套筒 45. Kelly Spinner 方钻杆旋扣器46. Mousehole 小鼠洞47. Mud Return Line 泥浆返回管线58. Swivel 钻井水龙头 59. Tongs 大钳 60. Walkways 通道61. Weight Indicator 指重表,钻压表26.Catline Boom and Hoist Line猫头绳悬臂和绞车绳A structural framework erected 安装near the top of the derrick for liftingmaterial.Drilling Line钻绳A wire rope hoistingline, reeved onsheaves of the crownblock and travelingblock (in effect ablock and tackle滑轮组). Its primarypurpose is to hoist orlower drill pipe orcasing套管from orinto a well. Also, awire rope used tosupport the drillingtools.Monkeyboard井架工作台The derrickman's working platform. Double board, tribble 立根board, forble board二层台;a monkey board located at a height in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths of pipe respectively.Traveling Block游动滑车An arrangement ofpulleys滑轮or sheavesthrough which drillingcable is reeved绕上钢丝绳的, which movesup or down in thederrick or mast.Top Drive顶驱The top driverotates the drillstring钻杆柱endbit without the useof a kelly传动钻杆and rotary table.The top drive isoperated from acontrol console控制台on the rigfloor.Mast轻便井架A portable derrickcapable of beingerected as a unit, asdistinguished from astandard derrick,which cannot be raisedto a working positionas a unit.Drill Pipe钻杆The heavy seamless tubing usedto rotate the bit and circulate thedrilling fluid. Joints of pipe 30feet long are coupled togetherwith tool joints.27.Doghouse钻台值班房A small enclosure on the rig floor used as anoffice for the driller or as a storehouse for smallobjects. Also, any small building used as anoffice or for storage.Blowout Preventer防喷器A large valve, usually installedabove the ram preventers闸板防喷器, that forms a seal in the annularspace between the pipe and wellbore井眼or, if no pipe is present,on the well bore itselfWater Tank水箱Is used to store water that isused for mud mixing,cementing注水泥, and rigcleaning.Electric Cable Tray电缆排Supports the heavyelectrical cables that feedthe power from the controlpanel to the rig motors.Engine Generator Sets发电机组A diesel柴油机, LiquefiedPetroleum Gas (LPG), naturalgas, or gasoline engine, alongwith a mechanicaltransmission and generatorfor producing power for thedrilling rig. Newer rigs useelectric generators to powerelectric motors on the otherparts of the rig.Fuel Tanks燃油箱Fuel storage tanks for the power generatingsystem.Electric House电气控制室On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drivelarge electric generators. The generators produceelectricity that flows through cables to electricswitches and control equipment enclosed in acontrol cabinet or panel. Electricity is fed to electricmotors via the panel.Mud Pump泥浆泵A large reciprocating往复的pump used tocirculate the mud(drilling fluid) on adrilling rig.Bulk Mud Componentsin Storage散装泥浆原料存储Hopper加料漏斗typetanks for storage ofdrilling fluidcomponents.MudPits泥浆池Aseries ofopentanks,usua lly made of steel plates, through which the drilling mud is cycled to allow sand and sediments残渣to settle out. Additives添加剂are mixed with the mud in the pit, and the fluid is temporarily stored there before being pumped back into the well. Mud pit compartments are also called shaker pits混合池, settling pits沉砂池, and suction pits 泥浆池, depending on their main purpose.28.Reserve Pits泥浆储备池A mud pit in which a supply ofdrilling fluid has been stored. Also,a waste pit, usually an excavated挖掘, earthen-walled pit. It may belined with plastic to prevent soilcontamination.Mud Gas Separator泥浆天然气分离器A device that removes gasfrom the mud coming out ofa well when a kick井涌isbeing circulated out.29.ShaleShaker振动筛A seriesof trays槽withsieves筛子or screens滤网that vibrate振动to remove cuttings from circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations. The size of the openings in the sieve is selected to match the size of the solids in the drilling fluid and the anticipated size of cuttings. Also called a shaker.ChokeManifold节流管汇Thearrangementofpipingandspecialvalves,calledchokes, through which drilling mud is circulated when the blowout preventers are closed to control the pressures encountered during a kick井涌.PipeRamp管子坡道Anangledrampfordragging drillpipe upto thedrillingplatform orbringing pipedownoff thedrillplatform.Pipe Racks钻杆架A horizontal support for tubulargoods.Accumulator蓄压器The storage device for nitrogen 氮pressurized hydraulic fluid, which is used in operating the blowout preventers.Annulus环形空间Thespacearound apipe in awellbore, theouterwall ofwhichmay bethe wallof eitherthe borehole orthe casing; sometimes termed the annular space.Brake制动器The braking device on thedrawworks to stop a loadbeing lifted.Casing Head井口采油装置A heavy, flanged steel fittingconnected to the first string套管柱of casing. It providesa housing卡箍for slips卡瓦and packing assemblies密封装置, allows suspension悬挂of intermediate andproduction strings of casing,and supplies the means forthe annulus to be sealed off封堵. Also called a spool间距套管.Cathead升降套管用绞车A spool-shapedattachment on a wincharound which rope forhoisting and pulling iswound.The ramp at the side of thedrilling rig where pipe islaid to be lifted to thederrick floor by the catlineor by an air hoist.Cellar钻台下的圆井或方井A pit in the ground toprovide additional heightbetween the rig floor钻台and the well head井口装置to accommodate theinstallation of blowoutpreventers, ratholes,mouseholes, and so forth. Italso collects drainage waterand other fluids for disposal排出.Conductor Pipe表层套管The largest diameter casing and the topmost length of casing. It is relatively short and encases the topmost string of casing.The equipment used toremove unwanted gasfrom a liquid, especiallyfrom drilling fluid.Desilter除泥器A centrifugal 离心式的device, similar to a desander除砂器, used to remove veryfine particles精细的颗粒, orsilt淤泥, from drilling fluid.This keeps the amount ofsolids in the fluid to thelowest possible level. Drawworks绞车The hoisting mechanism on adrilling rig. It is essentially alarge winch that spools off ortakes in the drilling line andthus raises or lowers the drillstem and bit.Drill Bit钻头The cutting or boring element usedin drilling oil and gas wells. Mostbits used in rotary drilling areroller-cone bits 牙轮钻头. The bitconsists of the cutting elements andthe circulating element. Thecirculating element permits thepassage of drilling fluid and usesthe hydraulic force of the fluidstream to improve drilling rates.Drill Collar 钻铤A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used betweenthe drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem. It is used to putweight on the bit so that the bit can drill.Drillers Console司钻控制台The control panel, located onthe platform, where the drillercontrols drilling operations.Elevators升降机A set of clamps夹钳that grips a stand立根, or column柱管,of casing, tubing, drillpipe, or sucker rods抽油杆, so the standcan be raised orlowered into the hole. Hoisting Line起重用钢丝绳A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to the API standards for its intended uses.Hook大钩A large, hook-shaped device from whichthe elevator bails吊卡提环or the swivel钻井水龙头is suspended. It is designed tocarry maximum loads ranging from 100 to650 tons and turns on bearings in itssupporting housing.Kelly方钻杆The heavy square or hexagonal六边形的steel member suspended from the swivel through the rotary table. It is connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.Kelly Bushing方钻杆套筒A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly passes. It is the means by which the torque of the rotary table is transmitted to the kelly and to the drill stem. Also called the drive bushing.Kelly Spinner方钻杆旋扣器A device for spinning the drillpipe. Replaces the spinningchain旋链.Mousehole小鼠洞Shallow bores under the rig floor, usuallylined with pipe, in which joints of drillpipe are temporarily suspended for laterconnection to the drill string.Mud Return Line泥浆返回管线A trough or pipe, placedbetween the surfaceconnections at the well boreand the shale shaker振动筛.Drilling mud flows throughit upon its return to thesurface from the hole.Ram Blowout Preventer闸板式防喷器A blowout preventer that usesrams to seal off pressure on ahole that is with or without pipe.It is also called a ram preventer.Ram-type preventers haveinterchangeable可互换的ramblocks to accommodate differentO.D. drill pipe, casing, or tubing. Rathole大鼠洞A hole in the rig floor 30to 35 feet deep, linedwith casing that projectsabove the floor. Thekelly is placed in therathole when hoistingoperations are inprogress.Rotary Hose水龙带The hose on a rotary drilling rig thatconducts the drilling fluid from the mudpump and standpipe to the swivel andkelly; also called the mud hose泥浆软管or the kelly hose钻井高压水龙带. Rotary Table转盘The principal component of arotary, or rotary machine, used toturn the drill stem and supportthe drilling assembly. It has abeveled gear斜齿轮arrangementto create the rotational motionand an opening into whichbushings套筒are fitted to driveand support the drillingassembly.Note the pipe spinner (in red) onthe side of the swivel.Slips 卡瓦Wedge楔形-shaped pieces ofmetal with teeth or other grippingelements that are used to preventpipe from slipping down into thehole or to hold pipe in place.Rotary slips fit滑动配合aroundthe drill pipe and wedge楔形against the master bushing套管tosupport the pipe. Power slips arepneumatically空气orhydraulically actuated 驱动devices that allow the crew todispense with the manual handlingof slips when making a connection.Packers and other down holeequipment are secured in positionby slips that engage the pipe byaction directed at the surface.Spinning Chain旋链A relatively short length of chainattached to the tong pull chain on themanual tongs used to make up drillpipe. The spinning chain is attached tothe pull chain so that a crew membercan wrap the spinning chain severaltimes around the tool joint box of ajoint of drill pipe suspended in therotary table. After crew members stabthe pin of another tool joint into thebox end, one of them then grasps theend of the spinning chain and with arapid upward motion of the wrist"throws the spinning chain"—that is,causes it to unwrap from the box andcoil upward onto the body of the jointstabbed into the box. The driller thenactuates the makeup cathead to pull thechain off of the pipe body, whichcauses the pipe to spin and thus the pin threads to spin into the box.Stairways 楼梯Stairs leadingfrom one level toanother. Protectedwith handrails. Standpipe立管A vertical pipe rising along the sideof the derrick or mast. It joins thedischarge line leading from the mudpump to the rotary hose and throughwhich mud is pumped going into thehole.Surface Casing表层套管Usually the first casing to be run in a well. This is done after spudding 开钻-in so a blowout preventer can be installed before drilling is started.Substructure井架底座The foundation on which thederrick or mast and usually thedrawworks sit; contains spacefor storage and well controlequipment.Swivel钻井水龙头A rotary tool that is hung fromthe rotary hook and travelingblock to suspend and permit freerotation of the drill stem. It alsoprovides a connection for therotary hose and a passageway forthe flow of drilling fluid into thedrill stem.Tongs 大钳The large wrenches扳手used for turning whenmaking up or breaking outdrill pipe, casing, tubing, orother pipe; variously calledcasing tongs, rotary tongs,and so forth according to thespecific use. Power tongsare pneumatically orhydraulically operated toolsthat spin the pipe up and, insome instances, apply thefinal makeup torque.。