Material table in Chinese-English
材料工程专业英语
材料工程专业英语材料material; stock; stuff材料安排arrangement of materials材料百分比法materials percentage method材料搬运分析materials handling analysis材料搬运设备materials handlinng equipment材料编码material class number材料变换率material change rate材料标准materials standard; specification for materials材料标准成本materials standard costs材料标准化materials standardization材料表bill of materials; material list; schedule of materials; stock list 材料不均匀性discontinuity of materials材料采购策略materials purchase strategy材料参数material parameter材料差额记录balance of stores record材料差异materials variances材料产量差异material yield variance材料场yard of material材料车material car材料成本cost of material; material cost材料成本法materials cost method材料成本预算materials cost budget材料成分分析表material composition sheet; mill sheet材料成分化验material composition test材料储备material stock材料储备量batch pile材料储量material storage材料处理反应堆material processing reactor材料单material bill材料弹性极限elastic limit of material材料的不均匀性discontinuity of material材料的储备定量normal fixed quantity of materials stock材料的弹性极限elastic limit of materials材料的堆筑与整平casting and blading of materials材料的耗费inventory charge材料的化学分析material composition test材料的经济储备定量normal standard quantity of material stock材料的可靠性reliability of material材料低估整理material under-valuation adjusted材料调拨material transfer材料调查material survey; material investigation材料调剂material adjustment材料调整stores adjustment材料堆bing材料堆放placing of material材料防水material waterproofing材料非线性material nonlinearity材料废料日报表daily materials and spoilage report材料费material cost; materials expenses材料费上涨系数escalating coefficient of material price 材料分类materials classification材料分类帐stores ledger材料分配materials allocation材料分配单distribution sheet of stores材料分析material analysis材料分析资料material analysis data材料辐射探伤radiomateriology材料复验retest of materials材料高估整理material over-valuation adjusted材料工程力学engineering mechanics of material材料工程手册materials engineering manual材料工业material industry材料工艺学materials technology材料供应处material supply department材料管理material management材料规范书material specifications材料规格specification for materials材料规格手册materials specification manual材料含量监控器on-line analyzer材料函数material function材料耗损汇总表summary of scrap and spoiled materials 材料耗用material consumption材料耗用标准materials usage standards材料耗用差异materials usage variance材料耗用汇总表materials used summary sheet材料耗用价格差异materials usage price variance材料号material number材料核算material accounting材料核算余额法balance method of stores accounting材料和工作日的日程安排materials and work schedule 材料和能源供应源materials and energy pool材料合格证materials certificate材料滑槽material chute材料化学materials chemistry材料化学分析material chemical analysis材料回收率material yield rate材料会计store ledger clerk材料汇总帐materials summary材料击穿material breakdown材料基金stock fund; stores fund材料机械性能mechanical performance of material材料集体制度marshalling system材料及投入物成本cost of materials and inputs材料计划成本差异planned cost variance of materials; variance from planned cost of materials 材料计划联络人coordinator of materials planning材料计划制度materials planning system材料记号material mark材料记录余额balance of stores records材料加工material processing材料价格标准material price standard材料价格表material price list材料价格差异materials price variance材料价格差异分析analysis of material price variance材料价格差异率materials price variance ratio材料检验examination of material材料检验学materiology材料检验员inspector of material材料鉴别material identification材料交换stores swap材料结构差异material mix variance材料进出闸material lock材料经济学economics of materials; material economy材料具领单materials reradiate材料卡片material cards; material subsidiary ledger; stock card材料科material supply section材料科学materials science材料可混用性material compatibility材料可靠性reliability of material材料控制material control材料控制卡materials control card材料控制帐户materials control account材料库material storage材料老化试验室material aging laboratory材料类别号码material class number材料类型material type材料利用率material utilization; ratio to material used; stock utilization材料力学material mechanics; mechanics of material; resistance of materials; strength of materials材料力学理论theory of mechanics of materials; theory of strength of materials材料连续结存单perpetual inventory sheet材料流程单track sheet材料率materials rate材料明细表material list材料磨损过程progress of material wear材料牌号material trademark材料盘点单stores inventory sheet材料批号material charge number材料疲劳fatigue of materials材料疲劳试验fatigue test of materials材料品种description of materials材料平衡表material balance sheet材料强度materials strength材料强度科学science of strength for materials材料强度实验室laboratory of materials strength材料强度学strength of materials材料切除率material-removal rate材料清单material bill材料缺陷fault in material; material defect材料韧性toughness of material材料散射material scattering材料色散material dispersion材料色散波长material dispersion wavelength材料色散参数material dispersion parameter材料色散系数material dispersion coefficient材料烧蚀material ablation材料试验material testing; testing of materials材料试验反应堆materials testing reactor材料试验方法method of testing materials材料试验机machine for material testing; material testing machine材料试验室material testing laboratory材料数量标准material quantity standard材料数量差异分析analysis of materials quantity variance材料数量分析material quantity analysis材料数值孔径material numerical aperture材料碎片material fragment材料损害damage of materials; material breakage; material damage; material wastage; spillage of material材料损耗spillage of material; material breakage材料损耗汇总表summary of scrap and spoiled materials材料损耗率material wastage rate材料损失率materials loss rate材料特性material characteristics材料特性表达material characterization材料物理学materials physics; physics of materials材料吸收material absorption材料相容性material compatibility材料消费价格差异materials usage price variance材料消耗material consumption; material wastage材料消耗成本cost of raw materials used材料消耗定额material consumption rate; materials consumption quota; materials consumption norm; norm for materials consumed材料消耗量consumption of materials; material spending amount材料消耗率materials consumption rate材料消耗综合定额comprehensive materials consumption quota材料效率差异material efficiency variance 材料型流程程序图materials type flow process chart材料修订material revision材料需要量material requirement材料许可损耗率wastage allowance材料选择stock option材料学material science材料验收acceptance of materials材料验收报告material examination and acceptance report材料样品material sample材料要求material requirements材料因素material factor材料用量比率material usage ratio材料有关成本material related costs材料余额簿excess materials ledger; stores balance book材料与制品鉴定certification of materials and products材料预算material budget材料预算价格material price for estimation材料预算控制法materials budget control method材料原因material cause材料源material source材料支架stock support材料指标material index材料制备material preparation材料中缺陷的认可approval of defects in material材料周转率materials turnover材料装卸设备material handling equipment材料总登记簿master stock book材料阻尼material damping材料组合combination of materials材料作价evaluating materials建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics建筑安装工程量construction work quantity建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑钢construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图compostion on architecture; architectural composition建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS) 建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminium profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area建筑毛造价gross building cost建筑面积area of structure; covered area建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.)建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.)建筑模数building module建筑配景entourage of building建筑平面architectural plane; building plane建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane 建筑砌块building block建筑气候分区climate region of building建筑青铜architectural bronze建筑青铜合金architectural bronze建筑声学architectural acoustics建筑石paring stone建筑石料building stone建筑时期观念construction period concept建筑史architectural history; history of architecture 建筑收进线building setback line建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC)建筑陶瓷architectural pottery建筑特色architectural feature建筑体积architectural volume; cubage建筑体积计算cubing建筑体系building system建筑体形building size建筑透视architectural perspective建筑外壳building shell建筑外形architectural appearance建筑物building; structure建筑物保险building insurance建筑物朝向direction of building建筑物基础building foundation建筑物间距distance between buildings建筑物理architectural physics; building physics 建筑物缺隐building deficiency建筑物入口building entrance建筑物租约building lease建筑现场construction建筑限制building restriction建筑限制线building restiction line建筑效果architectural effect建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form 建筑遗产architectural heritage建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture建筑用地building lot; building site; lot建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning建筑用钢铁constructional iron建筑用黄铜architectural brass建筑用木材building timber建筑用提升机service-building elevator建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle建筑造型艺术art of architectural modelling建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings建筑障碍architectural barriers建筑照明architectural lighting建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve建筑哲理architectural philosophy建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料colour-glazed sand paint for building decoration建筑装饰学architectural decoration建筑装修五金architectural metalwork建筑自动化building automation建筑自重structural weight per square meter建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps施工测量construction survey施工程序construction program; execution programme for works施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位construction organization; builder施工道路construction road施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction team施工方法job practice施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint施工工程construction work施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer施工工程学construction engineering施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction施工荷载construction loads; working load施工合同construction contract施工机械construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology施工计划construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工阶段construction stage; construction phase施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule施工经济学construction economics施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工流水作业法construction streamline method施工面积floor space under construction施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工起重机construction hoist施工企业construction enterprises施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工人员constructor; builder施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment施工设计detail design; detailed engineering施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general description of construction施工说明书construction specifications施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase 施工图预算working drawing estimate施工文件construction documents (包括施工图及说明)施工误差construction error施工现场fabricating yard; job location施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing施工项目project under construction; construction item施工项目编号construction item reference number施工效率efficiency of construction施工性能workability施工许可证builder's licence施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance施工依据manufacture bases施工营业执照builder's licence施工预算construction estimate施工执照building permit施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan施工总平面图overall construction site plan施工总则general conditions of construction施工组织设计construction management plan施工作业计划work element construction program项目subject of entry; item项目报告project paper项目编制阶段project preparation phase项目标记project mark项目财务估价project financial evaluation项目采购project purchasing项目成本project cost; item cost项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan项目单menu项目的拟订project formulation项目的所有者owner of the project项目的总投标价值total tender value of project项目发展周期project development cycle项目范围scope of project项目方案project alternatives项目分隔符item separation symbol项目分类classification of items项目分配allocation of items项目分析item analysis项目工程师project engineer项目工程师负责制project engineer system项目管理project management项目管理人project manager项目号item number项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority项目后评价post project evaluation项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup项目划分segregation of items项目化组织projectized organization项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project项目货款额度project line项目技术评价project technology evaluation项目计划project plan项目计划设计图project planning chart项目记录item record项目加权item weighting项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve项目建设费用cost of project implementation项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling项目建议书proposals for the projects项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a project 项目经理project manager项目矩阵组织project matrix organization项目控制project control项目块entry block项目历史history of project项目目标管理project management by objectives项目拟订project formulation项目匹配法matching item项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project项目删除deletion of items项目上端item top项目社会评价project's social value appraisal项目设备project equipment项目设计item design项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system项目生产project production项目说明item description项目说明书specification of an item项目投资时期investment phase of a project项目图与布置图project charts and layouts项目网络法project network technique项目网络分析project network analysis项目文件item file项目小组project group; project team organiztion项目行item line项目修理通知单item repairing order项目选择project selection项目训练法project training项目研究编目item study listing项目研究小组project team项目一次采购法project purchasing项目一览表itemized schedule项目预算program budget; project budget项目预算编制program budgeting项目政治评价political appraisal of a project项目支助业务project supporting services项目执行project implementation项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR) 项目指标project indicators项目转移item advance项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass (物理用语) 质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation质量保持率quality retention质量保证quality assurance质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications质量保证计划quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual质量保证体系quality assurance (control) system质量保证验收标准quality assurance acceptance standard质量保证制度quality certification system质量比mass ratio质量比电阻mass specific resistance质量变坏debase质量标度mass scale质量标志quality mark质量标准quality level; quality specification; quality standard质量不灭定律law of conservation of mass质量不平衡mass unbalance质量不足mass deficiency质量参数mass parameter; quality parameters质量测定mass measurement; quality determination质量测定系统quality measurement system质量测量mass measurement质量层化mass loss segregation质量差价quality price differentials质量差异mass discrepancy质量产额mass yield质量产额分布mass-yield distribution质量产额曲线mass yield curve质量成本quality cost质量传递mass transmission; mass transport; mass transfer质量传递机理mass transport mechanism质量传递系数coefficient of mass transfer质量单位unit of mass; mass units质量弹簧缓冲器组合mass-spring dashpot combination; mass-spring-dashpot combination 质量弹簧系统mass-spring system质量弹簧阻尼器体系mass-spring-dashpot system质量弹性特性mass-elastic characteristics质量当量mass equivalent质量倒数reciprocal mass质量的米制技术单位metric-technical unit of mass (TME)质量的相对论性变化relativistic change in mass质量的相对论性增加relativistic increase of mass质量等级quality grade质量等级因素grade factors质量低劣bum; inferiority of quality; inferior quality质量低劣的bum质量第一quality first质量电感模拟mass-inductance analogy质量电阻率mass resistivity质量定律mass law质量发光度半径关系mass-luminosity-radius relation质量反应性系数mass coefficient of reactivity质量范围mass range质量方程mass equation质量分辨本领mass resolution质量分布mass distribution质量分布函数mass function质量分光计mass spectrometer质量分类试验attribute testing质量分离mass separation质量分离器mass separator; mass-separator质量分散mass dispersion质量分析mass analysis; quality analysis质量分析离子动能度谱术mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry质量分析器mass analyzer质量分析仪mass-synchrometer质量丰度mass abundance质量峰mass peak质量辐合mass convergence质量辐散mass divergence质量辐射阻止本领mass radiative stopping power质量幅度quality latitude质量负载mass loading质量改善剂modifying agent; quality booster质量工程quality engineering质量公式mass formula质量管理quality control; quality management质量管理检验quality control check质量管理系统quality control system质量管理制度quality control system质量惯性矩mass mement of inertia质量规格quality requirement; quality standard; specification of quality 质量过大恒星overmassive star质量过滤器mass filter质量过剩mass excess质量函数mass function; quality function质量和可靠性目标quality and reliability objective质量合格标准acceptable quality level质量合格证certification of fitness质量厚度mass thickness质量换算因子mass conversion factor质量集中分析qualitative investigation质量级quality-class质量计量学qualimetry质量监测台monitoring desk质量监督quality monitoring质量监视控制台quality monitor console质量检测器mass detector质量检查quality inspection质量检查科quality control division (QCD)质量检查证明书quality inspection certificate质量检定quality arbitration质量检验quality control surveillance; quality test; quality inspection 质量检验标准quality control standards (QCS)质量检验器quality checker质量减损mass decrement质量鉴定试验qualification test (QT)质量鉴定试验程序qualification test procedure质量鉴定试验规范qualification test specification质量交换速度mass-transfer rate质量交换系数mass transfer coefficient质量矩moment of mass质量矩阵mass matrix质量抗mass reactance质量壳mass shell质量可靠性保证quality reliability assurance质量控制mass control; quality monitoring; quality control 质量控制标准quality control specification质量控制传感器quality control pick-up质量控制等级quality control level质量控制电动扬声器mass-controlled dynamic loudspeaker 质量控制计划quality control planning质量控制检查quality control checking质量控制可靠性quality control reliability质量控制手册quality control manual质量控制数据quality control data质量控制体系quality control system质量控制图quality control chart质量控制系统quality control system质量控制振荡器mass-controlled oscillator质量亏损mass loss; mass defect质量扩散mass diffusion质量扩散率mass diffusivity质量累积检测器mass integral detector质量灵敏值mass sensitive quantity; mass-sensitive quantity 质量瘤mascon质量流动mass flow质量流动连续条件condition of mass flow continuity质量流动速度mass velocity质量流动学说mass flow theory质量流过速率mass rate of flow质量流控制mass flow control质量流量flow mass; mass flow; mass flow rate质量流量比mass flow ratio质量流量常数mass flow constant质量流量方程mass flow equation质量流量计mass flowmeter质量流量控制器mass flow controller质量流量率mass rate of flow质量流量敏感性检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector 质量流量扰动mass-flowrate perturbation质量流量系数mass flow coefficient质量流量压差关系mass flow pressure-difference relation 质量流率mass flowrate质量密度mass density; specific mass质量密集mascon质量面mass surface质量面积比mass area ratio质量敏感分离器mass sensitive deflector质量能量传递系数mass energy transfer coefficient质量能量换算系数mass energy conversion coefficient质量浓度mass concentration质量判据quality criteria质量抛射mass ejection质量碰撞阻止本领mass collission stopping power质量偏差mass deviation质量平衡mass balance质量平均值mass average value质量评定grade estimation; qualitative assessment; quality evaluation; qualification; merit rating质量迁移率mass-transfer rate质量趋势quality trends质量曲线figure-of-merit curve; mass curve; mass diagram质量全息术mass holograghy质量缺陷mass defect质量燃烧速率mass burning rate质量散度mass divergence质量散射系数mass scattering coefficient质量色谱法mass chromatography质量色谱分析mass chromatographic analysis质量实质quality entity质量试验quality test质量试验规范quality test schedule质量试验器quality tester质量守恒mass conservation; conservation of mass质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律方程equation of mass conservation质量守恒方程mass conservation equation质量守恒原理principle of mass conservation质量输运mass transport质量数mass number; unclear number; nucleon number质量数标度mass scale质量数测定mass assignment质量数指示器mass marker质量衰减mass attenuation质量衰减系数mass attenuation coefficient质量双线mass doublet质量说明书quality specification质量速度mass velocity质量速度比mass-velocity ratio质量算符mass operator质量碎片法mass fragmentography (MF)质量碎片谱法mass fragmentography质量损失mass loss质量损失率mass loss rate质量特性quality characteristic; quality coefficient质量通量mass flux质量统计检验statistical quality control质量温度关系mass-temperature relation质量稳定性评价标准quality retention rating质量吸收mass absorption质量吸收系数mass absorption coefficient质量吸收效应mass-absorption effect质量系数mass coefficient; mass factor; quality factor质量限额mass limit质量响应mass-basis response质量项mass term质量小恒星undermassive star质量效果mass effect质量效应mass effect质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector质量性状qualitative character; quality character质量循环速度mass circulation velocity质量压力mass pressure质量要求prescription; quality requirements质量遗传qualitative genetics; qualitative inheritance质量移动姿态控制系统mass-motion attitude control system; mass-shifting attitude control system质量因数factor of quality质量因数计Q-meter质量因素quality factor质量因素比quality factor ratio质量因子factor of merit质量引力mass attraction质量引力垂线mass attraction vertical质量优良的小客车quality car质量再循环率mass recirculation质量增加mass addition质量甄别mass discrimination质量诊断quality diagnostics质量证明certificate of quality质量指标qualitative index; quality index; quality indicator; quality target质量指南quality guideline质量指示器mass indicator; mass marker质量指数quality index number质量中位直径mass median diameter质量中心centre of mass; mass center; mass centroid; centroid; center of mass质量中心轴线centroidal axis质量重整化mass renormalization质量转移mass transfer质量转移反应mass-transfer reaction质量转移理论mass transfer theory质量阻止本领mass stopping power质量组分mass component质量作用mass action质量作用定律mass action law; law of mass action质量作用效应mass action effect质量作用原理mass action principle现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经纪floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit现场客floor trader现场控制台field control station现场联结field connection现场录音live recording现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing)现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair现场修理current repair; spot repair现场研究field study现场以外的训练vestibule training现场用压缩机field service compressor现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site现场装配field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU [现场的on-site [现场冷却spot cooling [现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet进度报告制度progress reporting system进度工作日程progress schedule进度估计progress estimate进度管理progress control; schedule control进度计划scheduled plan进度计划安排scheduling进度计划表schedule diagram进度计划明细表detailed schedule进度计划总表master schedule进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map进度维护scheduled maintenance进度照片photographs of progress合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract合同更改的请求contract change request合同更改建议contract change proposal合同更改通知书contract change notification合同工jobbing work合同工厂contract plant合同管理范围contract management region合同规定contractual specifications合同号contract number合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR) 合同签定日期contract award date合同饲养contract feeding合同谈判contract negotiation合同条款terms of the contract。
中国与欧盟材料标准对照表
UNI 7845 DIN 17200 DIN 17200 UNI 7845 DIN 17200 UNI 7845 DIN 17200
UNI 7845 UNI 7845
UNI 7845 DIN 17200 DIN 17200
UNI 8552 UNI 8077
C40 C40E C45K C50E C50E 25CrMo4 25CrMo4
S690Q
EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10028-2 EN 10028-2 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10155-95 EN 10025 EN 10025 EN 10155-95
GB/T 16270
根据 DANIELI 和 C. S.p.A. 的规定，此文件为保密文件，因此禁止任何人 在未得到 DANIELI 管理部门授权的情况下复制或泄漏文件中的任何内容 给其他的团体或竞争者.
C 10 Ck 10 C 15 Ck 15 16CrNi4 15CrNi6 17CrNiMo6 18NiCrMo5
Q690 E
GB/T1591-94 GB/T1591-94 GB/T1591-95 GB/T1591-96 GB 713-86 GB 713-86 GB 700-88 GB 700-88 GB 700-88 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 4171-2000 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 4171-2000 GB/T 1591-94 GB/T 4172
我国与欧盟材料规范对照表
DOCUMENT NR. 6.183002.QCHINESE MATERIALS CONVERSION TABLEDANIELI中国材料标准对照表Rev. 01 Page 1 of 8REPLACES替代01 10/06 UPDATED Vigano’00 10/05 First issue Cernotta Petrossi Viganò第一次出版D&C DME DMEREV. DATE DESCRIPTION OF MODIFICATION COMPILED CHECKED APPROVED日期修改记录编辑审核同意DOCUMENT NR. 6.183002.Q CHINESE MATERIALS CONVERSION TABLEDANIELI中国材料标准对照表Rev. 01 Page 2 of 8REPLACES替代1) DOCUMENT PURPOSE:this document aims to assist in reading andu nderstanding of Danieli Std drawings, whicha re usually written in English language format. 1) 宗旨：此文件旨在帮助理解按Danieli 标准绘制的图纸，图纸通常以英文出版.2) APPLICABILITY:this document has to be applied for all Danieli drawings. 2) 应用范围:文件适用于所有的Danieli 图纸.3) DOCUMENT WAY OF USE:this document is organized in material types. 3) 使用方法:文件用于材料的对照.4) OTHER RELATED DOCUMENTS:-6.183000.T Chinese Drawing labelsspecification-6.183001.P Chinese Technical dictionary 4) 相关文件:-6.183000.T 中文图纸说明表格-6.183001.P 中文技术词典DANIELIC HINESE MATERIALS CONVERSION TABLE中国材料标准对照表DOCUMENTNR.6.183002.QRev. 01Page 3 of8REPLACES替代BASIC AND QUALITY NON ALLOY STEELEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld MaterialOldStandardNewMaterialNewStandardMaterial StandardFe490 UNI 7070 E295 EN 10025 Q345A GB/T1591-94St50-2 DIN17100 E295 EN 10025 Q345A GB/T1591-94Fe590 UNI 7070 E335 EN 10025 Q345A GB/T1591-95St60-2 DIN17100 E335 EN 10025 Q345A GB/T1591-96Fe410-1KW UNI 5869 P265GH EN 10028-2 22g GB 713-86P355GH EN 10028-2 16Mng GB 713-86 Fe360D UNI7070 S235J2G3 EN 10025 Q235D GB 700-88Fe360B UNI7070 S235JR EN 10025 Q235B GB 700-88St37-2 DIN17100 S235JR EN 10025 Q235B GB 700-88Fe430C UNI 7070 S275J0 EN 10025 Q345C GB/T 1591-94St44-3U DIN17100 S275J0 EN 10025 Q345C GB/T 1591-94Fe430D UNI 7070 S275J2G3 EN 10025 Q345E GB/T 1591-94St44-3N DIN17100 S275J2G3 EN 10025 Q345E GB/T 1591-94Fe430B UNI 7070 S275JR EN 10025 Q345A GB/T 1591-94St44-2 DIN17100 S275JR EN 10025 Q345A GB/T 1591-94Fe510C UNI 7070 S355J0 EN 10025 Q345C GB/T 1591-94St52-3U DIN17100 S355J0 EN 10025 Q345C GB/T 1591-94S355J2G1W EN 10155-95 Q295GNHL GB/T 4171-2000 Fe510D UNI 7070 S355J2G3 EN 10025 Q345E GB/T 1591-94St52-3N DIN17100 S355J2G3 EN 10025 Q345E GB/T 1591-94 COR-TEN A-B S355J2WP EN 10155-95 Q345GNHL GB/T 4171-2000Fe510B UNI 7070 S355JR Q345A GB/T 1591-94S355K2G1W EN 10155-95 15MnCuCr GB/T 4172S690Q EN 10137-2 Q690 E GB/T 16270 C 10 UNI 7846 C10E EN 10084 10 GB 699-88 Ck 10 DIN17210 C10E EN 10084 10 GB 699-88C 15 UNI 7846 C15E EN 10084 15 GB 699-88 Ck 15 DIN17210 C15E EN 10084 15 GB 699-8816CrNi4 UNI 7846 16NiCr4 EN 10084 12Cr2Ni4 GB 3077-88 15CrNi6 DIN17210 16NiCr4 EN 10084 12Cr2Ni4 GB 3077-88 17CrNiMo6 DIN17210 18CrNiMo7-6 EN 10084 20CrNi2Mo GB 3077-8818NiCrMo5 UNI 7846 17NiCrMo6-4 EN 10084 17Cr2Ni2Mo2 GB/T 6396-92CHINESE MATERIALS CONVERSION TABLEDANIELI中国材料标准对照表Rev. 01 Page 4 of 8REPLACES替代QUENCHED & T EMPERED, NITRIDING AND SURFACE HARDENING SPECIAL STEEEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld Old New NewMaterial Standard Material Standard Material StandardC 40 UNI 7845 C40 EN 10083-2 45 GB 699-88C 40k DIN 17200 C40E EN 10083-1 45 GB 699-88C 45K DIN 17200 C45K EN 10083-1 45 GB 699-88C 50 UNI 7845 C50E EN 10083-1 42CrMoV JB/T 6396-92Ck 50 DIN 17200 C50E EN 10083-1 42CrMoV JB/T 6396-9225CrMo4 UNI 7845 25CrMo4 EN 10083-1 37CrNi3 JB/T 6396-9225CrMo4 DIN 17200 25CrMo4 EN 10083-1 37CrNi3 JB/T 6396-9235Mn5V 42CrMoV JB/T6396-9235SiMn 42CrMoV JB/T6396-9241CrMo4V 42CrMoV JB/T6396-9242CrMo4 UNI 7845 42CrMo4 EN 10083-1 42CrMo JB/T6396-9242CrMo4V UNI 7845 42CrMoV JB/T6396-9234CrMo4 EN 10083-1 35CrMo JB/T 6396-9241Cr4 EN 10083-1 40Cr, 50Cr JB/T 6396-9239NiCrMo3 UNI 7845 36CrNiMo4 EN 10083-1 40CrNiMoA JB/ZQ 4288-8636CrNiMo4 DIN 17200 36CrNiMo4 EN 10083-1 40CrNiMoA JB/ZQ 4288-8630NiCrMo8 DIN 17200 30CrNiMo8 EN 10083-1 34CrNi3Mo GB/T 6396-9251CrV4 EN 10083-1 50CrVA GB 1222-8431CrMo12 UNI 8552 31CrMo12 EN 10085 30Cr2Ni2Mo GB/T6396-9235CrAlMo7 UNI 8077 34CrAlMo5-10 EN 10085 38CrMoAl GB/T 6396-92替代STAINLESS STEELEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld New NewOld Material Material Standard Standard Material StandardX5CrNi1810 UNI 6901 X5CrNi18 10 EN 10088-2 0Cr19Ni9 GB/T 6398-92X5CrNi1810 DIN 17440 X5CrNi18 10 EN 10088-2 0Cr19Ni9 GB/T 6398-92A ISI304 X5CrNi18 10 EN 10088-2 0Cr19Ni9 GB/T 6398-92X2CrNi1811 UNI 6901 X2CrNi19 11 EN 10088 00Cr19Ni10 GB/T1220X2CrNi1911 DIN 17440 X2CrNi19 11 EN 10088 00Cr19Ni10 GB/T1220A ISI 304L X2CrNi19 11 EN 10088 00Cr19Ni10 GB/T1220X5CrNiMo1712 UNI 6901 X5CrNiMo17 12 2 EN 10088 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 GB1220-84X5CrNiMo17122 DIN 17440 X5CrNiMo17 12 2 EN 10088 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 GB1220-84A ISI 316 X5CrNiMo17 12 2 EN 10088 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 GB1220-84X2CrNiMo1712 UNI 6901 X2CrNiMo17 12 2 EN 10088 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 GB/T 1220X2CrNiMo17132 DIN 17440 X2CrNiMo17 12 2 EN 10088 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 GB/T 1220A ISI 316L X2CrNiMo17 12 2 EN 10088 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 GB/T 1220X6CrNiMoTi1712 UNI 6901 X6CrNiMoTi17 12 EN 10088 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti GB/T 1220X6CrNiMoTi17122 DIN 17440 X6CrNiMoTi17 12 EN 10088 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti GB/T 1220A ISI 316Ti X6CrNiMoTi17 12 EN 10088 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti GB/T 1220X6CrNiTi1811 UNI 6901 X6CrNiTi 18 10 EN 10088-2 0Cr18Ni10Ti GB/T 1220X6CrNiTi1810 DIN 17440 X6CrNiTi 18 10 EN 10088-2 0Cr18Ni10Ti GB/T 1220A ISI 321 X6CrNiTi 18 10 EN 10088-2 0Cr18Ni10Ti GB/T 1220X12CrNi177 DIN 17224 1Cr18Ni9 GB/T 1220X10CrNi18 9 DIN 17440 1Cr18Ni9Ti GB/T 1220X2CrNiN18 10 DIN 17440 00Cr18Ni10N GB/T 1220X12CrNi188 1Cr18Ni9 X5CrNi1890Cr18Ni9 X2CrNi189 00Cr18Ni10 X2CrNIMo1812 OCr17Ni12Mo2 X10CrNiTi189 OOCr19Ni13Mo31Cr18Ni9Ti,OCr1X10CrTi1899Ni10TiX10CrNiNb189 OCr18Ni11NbX71CrAI13 OCr13AIX8Cr17 1Cr17X10Cr13 1Cr13X7Cr13 1Cr13X20Cr13 2Cr13X22CrNi17 1Cr17Ni2X105CrMo17 9Cr18替代SPRING STEELSEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld New NewOld Material Material Standard Standard Material StandardC 70 UNI 3545 C67S EN 10132-4 60Si2CrVA GB/T 6399-92Ck 67 DIN 17222 C67S EN 10132-4 60Si2CrVA GB/T 6399-9255 Si 7 UNI 3545 56Si7 EN 10132-4 60Si2A GB/T 6399-9250CrV4 DIN 17221 60Si2A GB/T 6399-92 51CrMoV4 DIN 17221 60CrMnMoA GB/T 122255Cr3 DIN 17221 60CrMnA GB/T 1222 60SiCr7 DIN 17221 60Si2CrA GB/T 6399-92GRAY CAST IRONEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld MaterialOldStandardNewMaterialNewStandardMaterial StandardG 15 UNI 5007 EN-GJL-150 EN 1561 HT 150 GB 9439-88 GG 15 DIN 1691 EN-GJL-150 EN 1561 HT 150 GB 9439-88 G 20 UNI 5007 EN-GJL-200 EN 1561 HT 200 GB 9439-88 GG 20 DIN 1691 EN-GJL-200 EN 1561 HT 200 GB 9439-88 G 25 UNI 5007 EN-GJL-250 EN 1561 HT 250 GB 9439-88 GG 25 DIN 1691 EN-GJL-250 EN 1561 HT 250 GB 9439-88 G 30 UNI 5007 EN-GJL-300 EN 1561 HT 300 GB 9439-88 GG 30 DIN 1691 EN-GJL-300 EN 1561 HT 300 GB 9439-88 G 35 UNI 5007 EN-GJL-350 EN 1561 HT 350 GB 9439-88 GG 35 DIN 1691 EN-GJL-350 EN 1561 HT 350 GB 9439-88SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRONEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld MaterialOldStandardNewMaterialNewStandardMaterial StandardGS 370-17 UNI 4544 EN-GJS-350-22 EN 1563 QT400-18 GB 1348-88GS 400-12 UNI 4545 EN-GJS-400-15 EN 1563 QT400-15 GB 1348-88GS 500-7 UNI 4546 EN-GJS-500-7 EN 1563 QT500-7 GB 1348-88GS 600-3 UNI 4547 EN-GJS-600-3 EN 1563 QT600-3 GB 1348-88GS 700-2 UNI 4548 EN-GJS-700-2 EN 1563 QT700-2 GB 1348-88GS 800-2 UNI 4549 EN-GJS-800-2 EN 1563 QT800-2 GB 1348-88BALL AND ROLLER BEARING STEELEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld MaterialOldStandardNewMaterialNewStandardMaterial Standard100Cr6 UNI 3097 100Cr6 EN ISO 683-17 GCr15 YB(T) 1-80替代BRONZEEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld New NewOld Material Material Standard Standard Material StandardG-CuSn12 UNI 7013 CuSn12-C-GS EN 1982 ZCuSn10Pb1/J GB 1176-87GC-CuSn12 UNI 7014 EN 1982 ZCuSn10Pb1/J GB 1176-87GZ-CuSn12 UNI 7015 EN 1982 ZCuSn10Pb1/J GB 1176-87G-CuAl11Fe4 UNI 5274 CuAl10Fe2-C-GM EN 1982 ZCuZn26Al4Fe3Mn3 GB 1176-87B14 CuAl10Fe2-C-GM EN 1982 ZCuZn26Al4Fe3Mn3 GB 1176-87G-CuAl11Fe4Ni4 UNI 5275 CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C-GZ EN 1982 ZCuAl9Fe4Ni4Mn2 GB 1176-87G-CuAl10Ni DIN 1714 CuAl10Fe5Ni5-C-GZ EN 1982 ZCuAl9Fe4Ni4Mn2 GB 1176-87CuSn8F45 ZCuAl10Fe3 GB 1176-87BRASSEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld MaterialOldStandardNewMaterialNewStandardMaterial StandardG-CuZn40 EN 1982 ZCuZn40Mn2/J GB 1176-87 C uZn40Pb2F43 ZCuZn38Mn2Pb2 GB 1176-87 G-CuZn35Al1 ZCuZn25Al6Fe3Mn3 GB 1176-87 G-CuSn7ZnPb ZCuZn40Pb2 GB 1176-87COPPEREuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld MaterialOldStandardNew NewMaterial Standard Material StandardSE Cu F20 Din 40500-1 H62 GB 2041-89Cu-DLP-R240S EN 12167 H62 GB 2041-89E-Cu57 F20 DIN 40500-3 H62 GB 2041-89替代TOOL STEELSEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld New NewOld Material Material Standard Standard Material StandardX210Cr12 DIN 17350 Cr12 GB/T 1299X153CrVMo12 DIN 17350 Cr12Mo1V1 GB/T 1299X20Cr13V 2Cr13, 3Cr13 GB 1220-84 105WCr6 DIN 17350 CrWMn GB/T 1299X37CrMoV5-1 EN ISO 4957 4Cr5MoSiV GB/T 1299X40CrMoV51 DIN 17350 4Cr5MoSiV1 GB/T 1299CASTING STEELEuropean Material Chinese MaterialOld New NewOld Material Material Standard Standard Material StandardGS-38.3 ZG 230-450 GB 11352-89 GS-45.3 ZG 230-450 GB 11352-89 GS-52.3 ZG 270-500 GB 11352-89 GS-60.3 ZG340-640 GB 11352-89 GS-C25N ZG20SiMn JB/ZQ4297-86 GS-C25V ZG20SiMn JB/ZQ4297-86 GS-20Mn5V ZG36FeMnMo JB/ZQ4297-86 GS-30Mn5V ZG35SiMn JB/ZQ4297-86 GS-25CrMo4V DIN 17205 ZG35CrMo JB/ZQ4297-86GS-42CrMo4V DIN 17205 ZG35CrMo JB/ZQ4297-86GS-50CrMo4V DIN 17205 ZG35CrMo JB/ZQ4297-86。
专八翻译题目10套 by LenaWang(4月2日)
PART V TRANSLATION [60 MIN]SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.当然，我们在人权问题上并不是没有缺点，也不能没有缺点。
因为中国几千年是封建社会，还有过半封建半殖民地的历史，中华人民共和国成立只有50年，50年怎么可能把所有问题都解决？但是我们愿意听取各方面的意见，特别是听取我国人民群众的意见。
我们天天都在看人民来信，研究怎样满足他们的愿望，实现他们的要求。
我们也愿意听取国际友人的意见，因此我们有很多对话的渠道。
我们同美国、欧盟、澳大利亚都有人权方面的对话渠道。
我们在人权方面的工作每天都有进步。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages. It's hard to imagine a time when people weren't concerned with taking care of their appearance and their bodies. Perhaps these practices started when Adam first took a bath and combed his hair before going on a date with Eve. Or maybe they began when Eve put on some herbal makeup to make herself more beautiful. No matter where they started, grooming and personal hygiene have become an important part of everyone's daily routine.You might think that all modern societies would have the same grooming and personal hygiene practices. After all, doesn't everybody take baths？Most people do recognize the need for hygiene, which is the basis for cleanliness and health-and a good way to keep one's friends. Grooming practices include all the little things people do to make themselves look their best, such as combing their hair and putting on makeup. However, while most modern people agree that these things are important, people in different cultures take care of themselves in different ways.2PART V TRANSLATION [60 MIN]SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.当我在自己教授的班级上问到“你们当中有多少人做的汉堡包能比麦当劳更好”时，几乎所有的学生都举起了手。
建筑工程词汇中英葡对照(Sofia)
序号 中文(Chinese) 英文(English) (No.) A 安全保护装置 protecting device safety operation 安全操作 安全措施 安全带 安全规程 安全检查 安全距离 安全帽 安全设施 安全通道 安全网 安全系数 安全照明 安全装置 安全事故 安全职责 安装工作 安装螺栓 安装图 安装稳定性 鞍座 B 边坡 标准预制件 拔钉器 白炽灯 柏油 板桩挡土墙 办公楼 办公室 半径 拌合 拌合料配合比 拌合物 拌浆机 绑扎钢筋 包装 饱和压力 饱和粘土 保存 保护层 保护接地 保温层 保温养护 保险锁 报废 报价 报警器 报账 备件 备用照明 背景照明 泵房 slope to natural ground standard precast section nail puller incandescent lamp tar,asphalt sheet pile retaining wall office building office radius mixture,batch mix proportion mixes grout mixer binding reinforcement packing up saturation pressure saturated clay preservation protective coating protective earthing insulating layer heat reserving curing safety lock discard quote,quoted price alarm account for spare part standby lighting back lighting pump house
中国文化(英文版)(第二版)课后习题答案
练习答案Unit 1Before You Read2. Give the name of the following myths according to the pictures.1) Houyi Shot the Suns 2) Chang’e Flying to the Moon3) the Eight Immortals4) Kua Fu Chasing the SunKnowledge Focus2.Fill in the blanks according to the knowledge you’ve learned about Chinese mythology.1)myths 2)religion 3)myth, legend 4)encyclopedia 5) Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism 6) Reverence 7) Pangu3.Match the information in Column A with the time period in Column B according to Chinese culture.1) C 2) E 3) A4) B5) D4.Tell whether the following statements are true or false. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.1) F 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F7) TLanguage Focus1. Write the correct word next to its definition.1)potion 2)extol 3)worship 4)chaos 5)intertwine 6)cult 7)gigantic 8)stifle 9)tenet 10)tapestry 11)deity 12)prophecy 13)reverence 14)reincarnation15)hierarchy 2. Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions taken from Exercise 1 andtranslate the sentences into Chinese.1)tenets: 他是信奉自然主义信条的作家之一。
中国与欧盟材料标准对照表.pdf
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CHINESE MATERIALS CONVERSION TABLE 中国材料标准对照表
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中国传统文化 英语词汇
中国传统文化英语词汇1.元宵节Lantern Festival2.刺绣embroidery3.重阳节Double-Ninth Festival4.清明节Tomb Sweeping Day5.剪纸paper cutting6.书法calligraphy7.对联(Spring Festival) couplets8.象形文字pictograms/pictographic characters9.雄黄酒realgar wine10.四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国Warring States12.风水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.昆曲Kunqu Opera14.长城Great Wall15.集体舞Group Dance16.黄土高原Loess Plateau17.红白喜事weddings and funerals18.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day19.花鼓戏Flower Drum Song20.儒家文化Confucian Culture21.中国结Chinese knotting22.古装片Costume Drama23.武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.越剧Yue Opera26.火锅hot pot27.江南South Regions of the Yangtze River28.《诗经》The Book of Songs29.谜语riddle30.《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions32.《西游记》The Journey to the West33.除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34.针灸acupuncture35.唐三彩tri-color pottery of the Tang Dynasty/Tang tri-colored pottery36.二人转Errenzhuan37.偏旁radical38.孟子Mencius39.亭/阁pavilion/attic40.黄梅戏Huangmei Opera41.火药gunpowder42.农历lunar calendar43.印/玺seal/stamp44.腊八节Laba Rice Porridge Festival45.京剧Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔Qin Opera47.太极拳tai chi48.《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica49.天坛Altar of Heaven in Beijing50.小吃摊snack bar/snack stand51.红双喜Double Happiness52.国子监Imperial Academy53.春卷spring roll54.莲藕lotus root55.罗盘luopan56.故宫博物院Palace Museum57.相声cross-talk/comic dialogue58.五行Five Phases59.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck60.《桃花扇》The Peach Blossom Fan61.木偶戏puppet show62.敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves63.电视小品TV sketch/TV skit64.甲骨文oracle bone inscription65.古筝Chinese zither66.二胡urheen67.门当户对perfect match/exact match68.《水浒传》Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）Four Treasures of the Study (Brush, Inkstick, Paper and Inkstone)71.兵马俑Cotta Warriors/Terracotta Army72.旗袍cheongsam73.指南针compass74.泼水节Water-Splashing Day75.馄饨wonton76.花卷steamed twisted roll77.羊肉泡馍pita bread soaked in lamb soup78.冰糖葫芦a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples, etc.)79.八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding80.粉丝glass noodle81.豆腐脑jellied been curd82.小品witty skit83.孝顺to show filial obedience84.武术wushu (Chinese martical arts)85.宣纸rice paper86.衙门yamen87.口头kowtow88.中庸way of medium (Golden Means)89.牌楼pailou90.东坡肉dongpo pork91.中山陵Sun Yan-sen Mausoleaum92.秦淮河Qinhuai River93.玄武湖Xuanwu River94.夫子庙Confucian Temple95.鸭血粉丝duck blood soup96.盐水鸭salted and baked duck97.大煮干丝gansi98.小笼包steamed bun99.明孝陵MingTomb100.云锦Nanjing brocade。
牛津高中英语模块1、2英汉对照表(表格式默写模板)
look back (on)
回忆，回顾
in charge of
负责，掌管
sink
下沉，沉没，水池，水槽，洗碗池
satisfaction
满意
schoolmate
同学，校友
garbage can
<美>垃圾桶
surf
冲浪
broadcast
广播，播放
adult
成年人
academic
学业的，学术的
与……一起
failure
衰退，衰竭；失败；故障，失灵
sHale Waihona Puke ay up不睡觉，熬夜misunderstand
误解
contain
包含；容纳
handle
处理；应付
normal
正常（的），一般（的）
chemical
化学的，化学物质
error
错误
confused
困惑的，不解的
treatment
治疗；待遇；处理
mix up
at present
现在
U3
emergency
突发事件；紧急情况
argument
争吵，辩论；论点，论据
work out
锻炼
anyhow
反正；尽管如此
freedom
自由
slim
苗条的，纤细的
deserve
值得；应得；应受
worried
担心的，担忧的
figure
体形；数字；人物
explanation
解释，说明
soccer
<美>英式足球，足球
for free
免费
材料英语单词
材料英语单词材料英语单词为：1. Material - 材料2. Substance - 物质3. Component - 组成部分4. Element - 元素5. Alloy - 合金6. Metal - 金属7. Steel - 钢铁8. Iron - 铁9. Aluminum - 铝10. Copper - 铜11. Zinc - 锌12. Plastic - 塑料13. Polymer - 聚合物14. Rubber - 橡胶15. Glass - 玻璃16. Ceramic - 陶瓷17. Composite - 复合材料18. Fiber - 纤维19. Wood - 木材20. Bamboo - 竹子21. Paper - 纸张22. Fabric - 织物23. Textile - 纺织品24. Leather - 皮革25. Rubber - 橡胶26. Adhesive - 粘合剂27. Glue - 胶水28. Tape - 胶带29. Cement - 水泥30. Concrete - 混凝土31. Mortar - 灰泥32. Paint - 油漆33. Varnish - 清漆34. Dye - 染料35. Ink - 墨水36. Wax - 蜡37. Pigment - 颜料38. Coating - 涂层39. Lacquer - 漆料40. Plaster - 灰泥41. Insulation - 绝缘材料42. Foam - 泡沫43. Rubber - 橡胶44. Insulator - 绝缘体45. Resin - 树脂46. Thermoforming - 热塑性47. Casting - 铸造48. Molding - 成型49. Extrusion - 挤压50. Injection - 注塑52. Welding - 焊接53. Soldering - 焊接54. Brazing - 焊接55. Joining - 连接56. Polishing - 抛光57. Finishing - 表面处理58. Cutting - 切割59. Sawing - 锯割60. Grinding - 磨削61. Drilling - 钻孔62. Forming - 成型63. Machining - 机械加工64. Heat treatment - 热处理65. Annealing - 退火66. Hardening - 硬化67. Tempering - 回火68. Quenching - 淬火69. Forging - 锻造70. Rolling - 热轧71. Beating - 冷轧72. Extruding - 挤压73. Molding - 压铸74. Casting - 熔铸75. Melting - 熔化76. Solidification - 凝固77. Corrosion - 腐蚀79. Rust - 生锈80. Degradation - 降解81. Wear - 磨损82. Friction - 摩擦83. Strength - 强度84. Hardness - 硬度85. Toughness - 韧性86. Elasticity - 弹性87. Flexibility - 灵活性88. Density - 密度89. Conductivity - 导热性90. Insulation - 隔热性91. Transparency - 透明度92. Opacity - 不透明度93. Porosity - 多孔性94. Viscosity - 粘度95. Tensile strength - 抗拉强度96. Compressive strength - 抗压强度97. Shear strength - 抗剪强度98. Fatigue strength - 疲劳强度99. Creep resistance - 蠕变抗性100. Thermal expansion - 热膨胀以上为材料英语单词，希望对你有所帮助！。
材料英文字典
材料英文字典In the realm of language learning and linguistics, materials such as dictionaries play a pivotal role. They are not merely repositories of words and their meanings; they are gateways to understanding a culture, grasping the nuances of communication, and mastering the art of expression. A material English dictionary, in particular, serves as a cornerstone for those delving into the technical and specialized vocabulary associated with materials science and engineering.Materials science is an interdisciplinary field that marries the knowledge of chemistry, physics, and engineering to understand and manipulate the properties of matter for various applications. From the development of everyday household items to the creation of cutting-edge technological devices, materials science stands at the forefront of innovation. The vocabulary of this field, therefore, is rich with terms that describe the very building blocks of our modern world.Consider the term 'alloy,' which refers to a mixture of metals or a metal combined with one or more other elements. Alloys are designed to have properties superior to those of their individual components, often to increase strength, corrosion resistance, or ductility. Stainless steel, an alloy of iron, chromium, and often nickel, is renowned for its resistance to rust and is a mainstay in kitchen appliances and medical instruments.Another fundamental concept is 'polymer,' which denotes a large molecule composed of repeating subunits. Polymers can be natural, like cellulose in plants, or synthetic, like the ubiquitous polyethylene used in packaging. Their versatility comes from the ability to tailor their properties through the manipulation of molecular structure, leading to a vast array of applications from clothing to construction.The term 'ceramic' might conjure images of pottery, but in materials science, it encompasses a class of materials that are non-metallic and inorganic, typically crystalline oxides, nitrides, or carbides. Ceramics are known for their high melting points, hardness, and electrical insulation properties, making them essential in applications as diverse as space shuttle tiles and dental implants.Furthermore, 'composite' refers to a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. When combined, they produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The strength and lightness of carbon fiber composites, for example, have revolutionized industries from sports equipment to aerospace.Understanding these terms is just the beginning. A material English dictionary provides the definitions, but it also often includes the context of how these terms are used in real-world applications. It might explain that 'tempering' is a heat treatment technique to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys, or that 'semiconductor' materials have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator, which is the foundation of modern electronics.In essence, a material English dictionary is not just a tool for translation or a list of definitions. It is an educational resource that offers insights into the materials that shape our lives. It helps learners and professionals alike to communicate effectively and to innovate responsibly. As our technological capabilities expand, so too does the lexicon of materials science, reflecting the ever-evolving landscape of human ingenuity.In conclusion, the study of materials science is a testament to the curiosity and creativity of the human spirit. A material English dictionary encapsulates this spirit, providing a lens through which we can view and understand the material world. It is a testament to the power of language as a means of sharing knowledge and advancing civilization. Through the precise and vivid language of materials science, we can continue to build, create, and innovate, pushing the boundaries of what is possible. 。
译林牛津高中英语选择性必修第一册 Unit3+Extended-reading+教案+-
paragraph may talk about.Have SS read paragraph 2 and fill in the table.Have SS read paragraph 3.1.Find out the artistic technique Zhang used and fill in the blanks.2.In this paragraph, there are many adjectives like amazing, realistic, remarkable, impressive, precise, well-developed, ambitious, enormous.Ask SS: Why did the author use so many adjectives?Have SS pay attention to the word revealed in the Qingming Scroll.Blackboard designQingming Scrollpeaceful life Zhang Zeduan (张择端) comprehensive problems three sections valueartistic technique popularityattitudeSS’answersartistic techniqueQingming Scroll Worksheet1. Read paragraph 1 and answer the following questions. 3) How long is the scroll? 4) Which city does it show?2. Read the first sentence of each paragraph and guess what each paragraph talks about.Para. 1 Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 Para. 64. Read paragraph 3. Find out the artistic technique Zhang used and fill in the blanks.5. Read paragraph 4 and complete the framework.examples to showthe problemsaspectsrevealed6.Read paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 and answer the questions.4)What does the value of the Qingming Scroll lie in?5)What happened to the copies of the scroll?6)Why is the scroll not often displayed to the public now?7.Group discussion: What attitude should we have towards cultural relics such as the Qingming Scroll?。
ENGLISH IN CHINA
ENGLISH IN CHINATHE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE ON CHINA’S LANGUAGE SITUATIONJeffrey Allan GilBA with First Class Honours in Languages and Applied Linguistics, Grad. Cert.Second Language Teaching (TESOL)School of International Business and Asian Studies, Griffith Business SchoolGriffith UniversitySubmitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyJanuary 2005ABSTRACTThe language situation of today’s world is drastically different from that which existed in the past. English has become the global language –it is used more and is more widespread than any other language has ever been. At the same time we are faced with large-scale language endangerment which could result in the extinction of half or more of the world’s languages. While not the only reason for language endangerment, the status of English as the global language has important consequences for all other languages and therefore deserves to be studied carefully. However, exactly what English means for other languages and cultures is far from simple and there is no general agreement on this issue. English has been seen as a destructive language, a pluralistic language and as an irrelevant language.This thesis explores the issue of global English as it applies to China. English language learning and teaching has been, and by all indications will continue to be, an important part of China’s reform and modernisation. China is also an ethnically and linguistically diverse country with 55 minority nationalities and over 80 languages. What does the spread of English mean for China’s language situation? Drawing on data gained through fieldwork and published sources, I argue that English in China is multifaceted, that is it has destructive, pluralistic and irrelevant elements. English is now used more and has higher status in China than at any time in the past and this has raised some concerns. However, English is not displacing Chinese language or culture. English is actually taking on Chinese features in both form and function. The Chinese language, far from being threatened, is currently expanding both in China and the world at large. Much effort has gone into promoting putonghua and there is great interest in learning Chinese in many parts of the world. China’s minority languages,like those elsewhere, are under varying degrees of threat. However, English is not the main reason for this situation. At the present time at least it has relatively little presence in minority areas.Despite the fact that it is not destroying China’s languages and cultures, English remains a significant issue for China and must be dealt with thoughtfully and carefully, especially among the minority nationalities. I argue that it is possible for China to acquire English without losing its linguistic diversity. Whether this can be achieved is a question of the resources and political will required to do so rather than any inherent difficulty with speaking two or more languages. To this end, the Context Approach is put forward as a possible way to improve English language teaching and learning among the minorities.In light of the results of this study, I suggest new directions for research, both on language issues in China and in general. I also argue for a new approach to our study of English as a global language and language endangerment. We need to appreciate the complexities of English on a local level as well as a global level and focus our attention more on how English can be taught to speakers of endangered languages in such a way that does not lead to language loss.STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITYThis work has not previously been submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the thesis itself.Signed: Date:TABLE OF CONTENTSAbstractStatement of OriginalityTable of ContentsList of TablesNote on Chinese NamesNote on SpellingAcknowledgementsChapter 1: Introduction1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Research Problem 3 1.3 Central Argument 8 1.4 Theory, Methodology and Sources 9 1.5 Why is this Research Important? 21 1.5.1 Language as a Valuable Resource 21 1.5.2 Minorities and their Languages in the Chinese Context 23 1.5.3 Gaps in the Academic Literature 24 1.6 Structure of the Thesis 25 1.7 Conclusion 29Chapter 2: The Language Situation of Today’s World2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Overview of the World’s Languages 31 2.3 Changes in the World’s Language Situation 37 2.3.1 Development of Language and Long Standing Equilibrium 42 2.3.2 The First Big Punctuation: Agriculture and its Consequences 44 2.3.3 The Punctuation Spreads: European Expansion 47 2.3.4 The Next Big Punctuation: Economic and Political Power 49 2.3.5 Into Uncharted Territory: Languages in a Globalising World 52 2.4 The Making of a Global Language 60 2.5 Arguments About English and Other Languages 69 2.5.1 English as a Destructive Language 70 2.5.2 English as a Pluralistic Language 73 2.5.3 English as an Irrelevant Language 76 2.6 Conclusion 77 Chapter 3: The English Language in China: A Sociolinguistic Profile3.1 Introduction 78 3.2 English in China: Historical Background 79 3.2.1 The Origins and Early History of ELT in China 80 3.2.2 ELT in the Republican Period (1911-49) 83 3.2.3 ELT in Early Communist China (1949-66) 85 3.2.4 ELT in the Cultural Revolution Period (1966-76) 87 3.2.5 ELT and China’s Open Door (1976-89) 89 3.2.6 ELT at Present and into the Future 913.3 The Current Use and Status of English in China 94 3.3.1 Users of English 95 3.3.2 Uses of English 96 3.3.2.1 Interpersonal Function 97 Science, Technology and Research 97 Media 99 Business 102 Tourism and International Connections 103 3.3.2.2 Instrumental Function 104 Formal Education 105 Informal Education 109 3.3.2.3 Regulative Function 112 3.4 A Critical Moment in the Interaction of English and China 113 3.5 Conclusion 116Chapter 4:English with Chinese Characteristics4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 Appropriation of Form: China English 118 4.2.1 What is China English? 118 4.2.2 Characteristics of China English 121Pronunciation 121Vocabulary 122Syntax 124Discourse Patterns 125 4.3 Appropriation of Functions: What the Chinese Do with English 128 4.3.1 Talking Back 129Story 130Description 131A Story About the Main English Speaking Countries 1314.3.2 Questioning the Authority of Native Speakers 132Grammar Debate 133 4.3.3 Having Fun with English 135 Lunch with Students 135 Turning a Mistake into a Joke 136 English Brightens the Mood 136 4.4 Chinese Methods of Learning and Teaching English 137 4.4.1 Why Language Teaching in China is Not the Same as in the West 138 4.4.2 Chinese Students’ Perceptions of Western Teachers and Methods 146 4.5 Conclusion 153Chapter 5: The Chinese Language in China and the World5.1 Introduction 1575.2 Defining Chinese 1595.3 Promotion and Spread of Putonghua Within China 1665.3.1 Definition and Background of Putonghua1675.3.2 Promotion of Putonghua171 5.3.3 Results of Putonghua Promotion 1735.4 The Chinese Language Outside of China 1825.4.1 The Current International Situation of Chinese 1835.4.2 Interest in Learning Chinese 188Chinese Language Learning in Asia 192Chinese Language Learning in Europe and the West 195Chinese Language Learning in Africa 2015.5 Conclusion 203Chapter 6: The Impact of English on Minority Languages in China6.1 Introduction 2056.2 Overview of Minorities in China 2076.3 Overview of Minority Languages 2166.4 The Current Use and Status of Minority Languages: Policy and Reality 2256.5 English and China’s Minorities 2336.6 The Uses and Users of English in Minority Areas 2356.6.1 Limited and Superficial Use of English 236Official Signs 236Commercial Signs 2376.6.2 Limited Knowledge of English 238Greetings and Attention Getting Phrases 238Students and Teachers as the Main English Speaking Group 2406.6.3 Korean Opting for Japanese 2416.7 Mixed Feelings About English 2426.7.1 Desire to Learn English 2436.7.2 English as a Potential Threat to Minority Languages? 2446.8 Conclusion 246Chapter 7: Prospects and Challenges for Maintaining Linguistic Diversity inChina7.1 Introduction 2477.2 The Case for Minority Languages, Chinese and English 2507.3 Multilingualism and China’s Minorities 251 7.4 Education Policy and Reality Among China’s Minorities 261 7.4.1 Minority Education Policy 262 7.4.2 Educational Resources Among the Minorities 267 7.5 The Context Approach for the Improvement of English Language271 Teaching7.6 Conclusion 278 Chapter 8: Conclusion8.1 Introduction 280 8.2 Summary of Findings 281 8.2.1 The Situation of English in China 282 8.2.2 The Situation of Chinese in China and the World 283 8.2.3 The Situation of Minority Languages in China 284 8.3 What do the Findings of this Study Tell Us? 285 8.3.1 English as a Global Language 286 8.3.2 Language Endangerment in the World 287 8.4 Contribution of the Thesis 288 8.4.1 Language as a Topic in Globalisation Studies 288 8.4.2 New Directions in the Study of China’s Language Situation 290291 8.4.3 New Analytical Tools for the Study of English as a GlobalLanguage and Language Endangerment8.5 Suggestions for Further Research 292293 8.5.1 In-depth Fieldwork/Sociolinguistic Studies ofParticular Minorities and Areas of China8.5.2 Applying the Context Approach to ELT 293 8.5.3 Research into Foreign Languages Other than English in China 294 8.5.4 Theoretical Research on Language and Globalisation 295 8.6 Closing Comments 297References 299 English Language Material 299 Chinese Language Material 320 Compilations of Statistics 322 Newspaper Articles 322LIST OF TABLESTable 2.1 Distribution of the World’s Languages 34 Table 2.2 Top 20 Languages by Number of Mother Tongue Speakers 37 Table 2.3 Possible Evolution of Human Language 42 Table 2.4 Comparisons of the Threats to Languages, Birds and Mammals 69 Table 4.1 Teaching Methods Used in China 139 Table 4.2 Key Features of the Chinese Culture of Learning 148 Table 4.3 Chinese Students’ Views About Teachers in China 150 Table 4.4 Chinese Students’ Comments About Western Teachers 152 Table 5.1 Classification and Distribution of Chinese Dialect Groups 161 Table 5.2 Percentage of Population Able to Speak and Understand Putonghua 175 Table 5.3 Overseas Speakers of Chinese as a Mother Tongue 183 Table 5.4 Total Overseas Speakers of Chinese (Mother tongue plus other) 184 Table 5.5 Speakers of Yue, Min and Kejia Overseas 185 Table 5.6 Distribution of Chinese Outside of China 186 Table 6.1 China’s Minority Nationalities 211 Table 6.2 Minority Languages of the Sino-Tibetan Family 219 Table 6.3 Minority Languages of the Altaic Family 221 Table 6.4 Minority Languages of the Indo-European Family 222 Table 6.5 Minority Languages of the Austro-Asiatic Family 222 Table 6.6 Minority Languages of the Austronesian Family 222 Table 6.7 Minority Languages of Uncertain Family 223 Table 6.8 Minority Languages by Approximate Number of Speakers 230 Table 6.9 Percentage of the Minority Population that Speak and UnderstandChinese 231 Table 7.1 Attitudes and Language Learning 260 Table 7.2 Number of Minority Students Enrolled (thousands) 264 Table 7.3 Number of Minority Teachers 268 Table 7.4 Differences Between the CLT Approach and the Context Approach 274 Table 7.5 The Context Approach to Language Teaching: Priorities andProcedures 275 Table 8.1 Summary of English in China 281NOTE ON CHINESE NAMESThroughout this thesis I refer to Chinese authors by their full names in order to avoid confusion. Following Chinese custom, the surname is first followed by the given name. This practice is used for works written in both Chinese and English. Where a Chinese author has an English given name, this name is put first followed by the author’s surname. I use the pinyin system for spelling Chinese names unless the author spells his/her name using a different system.NOTE ON SPELLINGI use Australian English spelling in this thesis. Where I quote directly from a source I use the spelling of the original. Therefore, words like ‘globalisation’ are spelt with an ‘s’ where I use them but with a ‘z’ if they are spelt that way in the original.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to thank the following list of people for their help and support:My supervisors, Professor Colin Mackerras and Professor Nick Knight, helped me develop and refine my research problem and gave many useful comments on drafts of the thesis. They always responded to my questions quickly and made time to see me. This thesis is much better because of their involvement. Elaine Wylie also read parts of the thesis and gave me useful feedback. Any remaining errors are of course my own.Jilin University gave me a job teaching English in the Foreign Language College which allowed me to stay in China for an extended period and conduct my research. I would like to thank the staff for giving me this opportunity and the students for participating in my classes, some of which are quoted in the thesis. Likewise, the members of minority nationalities I spoke to in various parts of China provided me with much useful information. Without their willingness to answer my questions this project would not have been possible.During my activities in China, Lin Han helped me find Chinese language books and journals, acted as an interpreter in some interviews and helped me translate some Chinese language sources. Her help is much appreciated.My family encouraged me and provided various kinds of support needed for writing a thesis such as a computer and printing. My friends and fellow students also supported and encouraged me throughout the writing of this thesis.Finally, I would like to acknowledge the example of Spider-Man. Peter Parker, Spider-Man’s alter ego, once began postgraduate studies but had to give up on it because of the demands of being a super-hero. Even though I didn’t have to cope with maniacal super-villains it’s nice to know that even those with the proportionate strength, speed and agility of a spider have trouble writing a thesis.CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTIONIf things don’t change, the ultimate end to theperiod of linguistic punctuation that we are in nowwill be a single world language – that with thegreatest prestige. It will take a few hundred years toget there, but this is the ultimate situation we aremoving towards (Dixon, 1997:148).The global spread of English has complex roots andis not a simple and unstoppable process that willlead ultimately to a single, homogeneous globalculture (Graddol, 1996:182).1.1 IntroductionLanguage is a fundamental part of our lives. Without language much of what we do would be impossible. As such, language issues have always been important, weighing heavily on the minds of individuals, families, governments and nations. This is even more so in today’s world where “global language patterns are changing radically” (Aitchison, 2000:219). Languages have always changed and even died out but today we face the prospect of dealing with this issue on a much larger scale than ever before. Whether in the United States, South America, Africa, Asia, Europe or Australia, minority languages are under enormous social, political and economic pressure that threatens their survival (Hornberger, 1998:439-41). This phenomenon is not only limited to minority languages, even some quite large languages may be under threat. According to some estimates, between 20% and 50% of the world’s 6000 languages will no longer exist by the end of this century (Krauss, 1992; 1995 cited in May, 2000:367). A recent UNESCO report, which declared 3000 languages to be “endangered, seriously endangered or dying in1many parts of the world” (quoted in Los Angeles Times, 20/2/2002), adds credence to these claims. Despite the scale of language endangerment, linguists have only recently started to pay attention to this issue and the general public is still largely unaware that this problem even exists (Bradley and Bradley, 2002a:xi). One of the reasons for the current language situation is that a new factor has been added to the mix –a global language. There is understandably widespread enthusiasm for learning English, especially among those eager to have a greater role in the world and to take advantage of the many opportunities knowledge of English brings. However, the emergence of a global language with the power and influence of English also has significant implications for the ongoing use and survival of languages everywhere (Hornberger, 1998:439-41).This is certainly the case in China. Beginning in 1978, China embarked upon a course of modernisation and reform that, while not without problems such as corruption, crime, inflation and unemployment, has been generally successful. China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world and was strong enough to withstand the recent Asian economic crisis (Overholt, 1993; Tipton, 1998; van Kemenade, 1997). The way China’s reforms will ultimately pan out and what China will look like in the future is still open to debate1, but one thing we can be reasonably sure about is that English has been and will likely continue to be an integral part of China’s reform and modernisation process. Existing alongside efforts to acquire English is a large degree of ethnic and linguistic diversity – China is home to 55 minority nationalities and over 80 languages (Xiao Hong, 1 Some forecast a bright future for China as a political and economic power (see Burstein and De Keijzer, 1998:311-48; Rohwer, 1995:115-66; Starr, 2001:318-23; van Kemenade, 1997:383-401and Wilson, 1997:461-74). Another argument sees China as a threat (Bernstein and Munro, 1997). Terril (2003)21998:221). What effects will English have on China? What will happen to Chinese? What will happen to the many languages spoken by China’s minority nationalities? This dissertation aims to provide a description of the language situation in China regarding the use of English, Chinese and minority languages and draw inferences about what this means for English as the global language and language endangerment.1.2 The Research ProblemAt the start of the 21st century, it is almost a cliché to say that English is the global or world language. The current spread, scope and scale of English is unprecedented, as McArthur (1998:30) aptly summarises:For good or ill, at the end of the second millennium AD and the fifth full millennium since recorded history began, English is unique. No language has ever before been put to so many uses so massively by so many people in so many places-on every continent and in every sea; in the air and in space; in thought, speech, and writing; in print on paper and screen; in sound on tape and film; by radio, television, and telephone; and via electronic networks and multimedia. It is also used as mother tongue or other tongue–fluently, adequately, or haltingly;constantly, intermittently, or seldom; happily, unhappily, or ambivalently–by overa billion people. Perhaps a fifth of the human race.English is the main language of books, newspapers, international business, academic conferences, science, technology, medicine and diplomacy, to mention just a few examples (Crystal, 1987:358). In addition, English has official or special status in over 70 countries, covering Africa, Asia and the Pacific (Crystal, 1997:3). And, as McArthur’s comments indicate, no other language is in a position to compete with English for global language status. French, the international language of diplomacy and commerce in the 18th and part of the 19th century, still has some influence but nowhere near that of English concluded that despite some significant problems China will eventually become a modern democratic state3(Crystal, 1988:262; Graddol, 1996:185). Spanish is used throughout South America and is currently gaining importance in the USA but its use does not extend much beyond that (Crystal, 1988:262 see also The New York Times 1/3/2002 for an example of the use of Spanish in the USA). In Europe, German is a powerful language of trade, yet as Graddol (1996:193) says, "even German companies have to do business with most of the world in English". Other widely used languages including Russian, Arabic, Hindi and Swahili have and still do influence culture and communication in various parts of the world but, despite being international languages in their own right, they fall well short of the scope of English (McArthur, 1998:38; McCrum et al, 1986:20). This is true even in the case of Chinese, which has the highest number of mother tongue speakers in the world. Yet, as Fischer (1999:218) points out, “the Chinese are presently learning English. Few English speakers are learning Chinese”. Attempts at creating artificial languages such as Esperanto for use throughout the world have also by and large failed (see Eco, 1995:317-36 for a review of such projects), leaving English alone “at the very centre of the global language system” (Held et al, 1999:346).English can therefore be seen as “a globalizing medium in its own right” (Spybey, 1996:108), influencing language, communication and even culture all around the world. This has of course raised several issues and prompted a variety of responses, ranging from positive to hostile. One of the most prominent concerns is the impact of English on other languages, especially minority languages, as Yano (2001:120) points out: On the one hand, English has the essential value of being a means of global communication, that is an unprecedented resource for mutual understanding in this time when we live in multilateral rather than bilateral relations. On the other while Gordon Chang (2001) predicts China will be overwhelmed by its problems.4hand, the global spread of such a powerful and convenient common language is driving minor languages to extinction, thus depriving us of the privilege to understand different beliefs, values, and views which help us to develop insight into the human mind and spirit, and the precious opportunities to liberate us from the monolingual and monocultural perspectives.These issues are certainly relevant to China. Mandarin Chinese, the official language, coexists with a number of major regional dialects: Wu (spoken in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province), Yue (known commonly as Cantonese and used in south China), Xiang (spoken in Hunan Province), Kejia (also called Hakka and spoken in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Fujian), Gan (spoken in Jiangxi Province) and Min, which is variously split into Northern and Southern or Eastern and Western and spoken in Fujian, parts of Guangdong, Hainan and Taiwan (Smith, 1994:102). On top of this there are numerous languages spoken by China’s minority nationalities, covering a variety of language families such as Sino-Tibetan, Altaic and Indo-European (Heberer, 1989:13).Added to this already complicated linguistic situation is English, the learning and teaching of which has been an integral part of China’s reform and modernisation, as Wang Yinquan (1999:45) summarises:The last five decades have witnessed several rises and falls in the status of EFL teaching in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter China). Except in the period from 1949 to 1957 when Russian was dominant under the influence of political bias towards learning from the Soviet Union and rejecting the “enemy” United States, English has been the most widespread foreign language in the past fifty years but only in the recent decade has its prominence reached its present high level. In the wake of the policy of reform and opening up to the outside world adopted by China since 1978, English has been widely accepted as a utilitarian tool for science, technology, national development and modernization, and the study of English is regarded as necessary for acquiring technological expertise from abroad and for fostering international trade.5Apart from benefiting the entire nation in terms of scientific, technological and economic development (Burnaby and Sun Yilin, 1989:221; Cortazzi and Jin Lixian, 1996a:64), English language proficiency also has benefits on an individual level. Knowledge of English makes it easier to enter and graduate from university, travel or work overseas and get a better job, especially in joint ventures and companies involved in international trade (Cortazzi and Jin Lixian, 1996a:61; Wang Yinquan, 1999:45). English is now the most widely taught foreign language in China and, not surprisingly, China has the largest English learning population in the world (Crystal, 1997:3; Li Xiaoju, 1984:2). The prominence of English has raised concerns about Chinese language and culture including the status of Chinese, standards of Chinese and English and the possible Westernisation of China (Jiang Yajun, 2003; Niu Qiang and Wolff, 2003).It is not just Chinese that we should be concerned about. As we have already seen, the use and status of the world’s minority languages is declining rapidly at the same time as English comes to be used more and more. Although legally guaranteed equality in the Chinese Constitution, which states that all nationalities are equal and have the right to use and develop their own languages, minority languages are in a subordinate position in comparison to Chinese (Dwyer, 1998:68; Zhou Yaowen, 1992:37). As Lin Jing (1997:196) points out, the Han Chinese are the power holders in society and therefore it is their language, Chinese, that is overwhelmingly used for important functions such as government and the media. Minority languages on the other hand “are limited in use and of low social status” (Lin Jing, 1997:196). Under such circumstances, it should come as no surprise that many members of minority groups neglect their own language in favour6of Chinese (Xiao Hong, 1998:232). On top of this there is English. As the vehicle forChina’s modernisation and integration with the rest of the world, and with China set tobecome a major player in international affairs, English language proficiency becomesincreasingly necessary or at the very least desirable for everyone. In this situation, it ishard to see a place for minority languages in Chinese society or the world at large:In China, the language most likely to be useful and to bequeath a high social status is Chinese, and in the world at large the same benefits accrue most readily from English. In both cases, the languages of the minority nationalities are likely to be left out. A language like Kazak will remain in use in rural areas and among people wishing to accentuate their own nationality, but as modernization proceeds it is less likely to be used as a living vehicle of communication (Mackerras, 1994:270-1).While there may be some genuine concerns, it is not a simple matter of English sweepingall before it. There is no doubt that English asserts enormous pressure on other languagesbut this may actually contribute to their survival rather than extinction. As Englishbecomes dominant, people may well cling to their own languages and identities evenmore intensely. Movements to maintain, revive or expand small languages are takingplace in many parts of the world such as Alaska, Spain, Mexico and Africa. Many suchefforts take place simultaneously with efforts to acquire English (Fishman, 2000:439-40).Linked with this is the notion that English is simply a tool that facilitates communicationamong a diverse range of people, as Huntington (1996:61) describes:English is the world’s way of communicating interculturally just as the Christian calendar is the world’s way of tracking time, Arabic numbers are the world’s way of counting, and the metric system is, for the most part, the world’s way of measuring. The use of English in this way, however, is intercultural communication; it presupposes the existence of separate cultures. A lingua franca is a way of coping with linguistic and cultural differences, not a way to eliminate them. It is a tool for communication not a source of identity and community (italics original).7。
中华物质文明英语
中华物质文明英语China's material civilization has a long and rich history, dating back thousands of years. From the ancient dynasties to the modern era, the Chinese people have demonstrated an impressive ability to create and innovate, shaping the physical world around them in profound and lasting ways. In this essay, we will explore some of the key aspects of Chinese material civilization, examining the technological advancements, architectural wonders, and cultural artifacts that have defined this remarkable civilization.One of the most striking features of Chinese material civilization is the country's impressive technological achievements. Throughout history, Chinese inventors and engineers have made groundbreaking contributions to fields such as astronomy, mathematics, and engineering. The invention of paper, printing, and the compass, for example, are all credited to ancient Chinese innovators, and these technologies would go on to have a profound impact on the development of human civilization as a whole.Perhaps even more impressive than these individual innovations,however, is the sheer scale and ambition of some of China's most ambitious engineering projects. The Great Wall of China, for instance, is a testament to the ingenuity and determination of the Chinese people. Stretching for thousands of miles across the northern borders of the country, the Great Wall was built over the course of centuries, with successive dynasties adding to and fortifying this massive structure. The scale and complexity of the Great Wall are truly awe-inspiring, and it remains one of the most iconic symbols of Chinese civilization.Another remarkable example of Chinese material civilization is the country's architectural heritage. From the grand imperial palaces of Beijing to the intricate network of canals and waterways in cities like Suzhou, Chinese architecture has long been renowned for its beauty, functionality, and cultural significance. The use of materials like stone, wood, and ceramics, combined with traditional design elements like pagodas, courtyards, and ornate rooflines, have created a rich and diverse architectural landscape that reflects the unique cultural values and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese people.One particularly notable example of Chinese architectural achievement is the Forbidden City in Beijing. This vast complex of palaces, temples, and gardens was the exclusive domain of the Chinese emperors for centuries, and it remains one of the most impressive and well-preserved examples of traditional Chinesearchitecture in the world. The Forbidden City's intricate layout, exquisite decorative elements, and sheer scale are a testament to the technical expertise and artistic vision of the Chinese builders who created this masterpiece.Beyond the realm of architecture, Chinese material civilization is also renowned for its rich cultural artifacts and artistic traditions. From the delicate porcelain vases of the Ming Dynasty to the intricate silk embroideries of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese artisans have long been celebrated for their technical mastery and creative vision. The production of these cultural artifacts was not just a matter of aesthetic expression, but also a reflection of the deep cultural values and traditions that have shaped Chinese civilization over the centuries.One particularly iconic example of Chinese cultural artifacts is the Chinese scroll painting. These long, narrow paintings, often depicting landscapes, figures, or scenes from Chinese history and mythology, are renowned for their technical virtuosity, as well as their ability to convey deep emotional and philosophical insights. The creation of these scrolls required a high degree of artistic skill, as well as a deep understanding of traditional Chinese aesthetics and symbolism.Another important aspect of Chinese material civilization is the country's rich culinary traditions. From the elaborate imperialbanquets of the past to the ubiquitous street food of modern China, Chinese cuisine has long been celebrated for its diversity, complexity, and sheer deliciousness. The use of a wide range of ingredients, from fragrant spices to delicate seafood, combined with innovative cooking techniques and presentation styles, has created a culinary tradition that is truly unique and captivating.In conclusion, Chinese material civilization is a testament to the ingenuity, creativity, and cultural richness of the Chinese people. From the grand engineering feats of the past to the exquisite cultural artifacts that continue to inspire and delight, China's material civilization is a testament to the enduring power of human imagination and innovation. As the world continues to evolve and change, the legacy of Chinese material civilization will undoubtedly continue to shape and influence the course of human history.。
北师大版高中英语必修2U6 Design--Lesson 3 Chinese Paper Art
U6 DesignLesson 3 Chinese Paper ArtObjectives■To practise scanning the text to extract specific information.■ To practise intensive reading skills.■ To practise using relative clauses.■ To practise giving definitions of words with the help of relative pronouns.■ To practise using vocabulary related to paper cutting. Resources usedGrammar Summary 6, magazine pictures of Chinese paper cutting.Possible problems■ Students may confuse the use of who, whom, that and which or may have doubts about when to omit the relative pronoun. ■ Students may also get confused about relative clauses introduced by whose: why it can refer not only to persons but also to objects; how to use it.BackgroundChinese paper-cuttings: Paper-cutting is one of China’smost popular forms of visual art. Paper and scissors are the usual materials utilized, but sometimes an engraving knife is also used. Paper-cutting has been a traditional art form for hundreds of years. It can be traced back to the 6th century; but only became apparent a few centuries after. Paper cuts are mainly used as decorations for religious and ornamental purposes.Routes through the material■ If you are short of time, set some of the exercises for homework and omit Exercise 11.■ If you have t ime, do the Option activities.■ If you have two periods for the lesson, a suitable natural break is after Exercise 5Language Power: pages 80-81.Mini-Grammar: 5.ReadingBefore you startExercise 1■ Students look at all the paper cuts and give th eir opinions on which they like the most.■ Encourage students to give reasons for their choices.Exercise 2■ Elicit from students on what occasions the Chinese use paper cuts. Encourage them to say as much as possible. Exercise 3Key WordsAnimals: phoenix, dragon, rooster, batColours: red, (dark) green, black, (light) blue, purple, yellow■ Check students’ knowledge of animals and colours. Encourage them to say more.■ Students read the example first so that they have a model to follow.■ Stud ents work in pairs and describe each paper cut, using as many Key Words as possible. If you wish, have each pair describe two of the paper cuts.■ Students then read their descriptions to the class. Read to learnExercise 4■ Students work individually, scanning the text for information about when and why paper cuts are used.■ Students look through the questions first and guess thepossible answers. Then read the text carefully to find the answers to the questions.■ Students ask and answer the quest ions in pairs. Answers1 Three. Paper cuts for decorations, for religious purposes and for design patters.2 We know that because paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs dating back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty.3 The Chinese character of double happiness often appears in wedding paper cuts.4 By using paper-cutting like a pattern on clothing or on a jewellery box.5 To learn paper cutting from him.■ Encourage students to add any other information that they know about paper-cutting. Write the new facts on the board. Students discuss whether the new information can go into the existing paragraphs or whether new paragraphs are needed. Exercise 5■ In groups, students work out the meaning each paper cut has and discuss it.■ Each group reports their results to the class and gives reasons.Have a class discussion if necessary.GrammarRELATIVE CLAUSES (I)Exercise 6■ Write one sentence with a relative pronoun from the text on the blackboard. For example: Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed ...■ Encourage students to work in pairs and scan the text for other examples of relative pronouns.■ In pairs, students work out which relative pronoun can refer to people or things. ( Better leave 'whose' to learn later)■ As you check their answers, have them read out the sentences containing the particular relative pronouns.■ Write the sentence 'A present for parents whose child was born recently, for example, might show …' on the blackboard. Have students discuss what 'whose' refers to.■ Provide more sentences for students to fill in the proper relative pronouns.Exercise 7■ Students look at the sentences to see when we can omit who, that, which. Direct them to the first two examples and have students discuss when the pronouns can be omitted.■ Check the answers by having students read out the sentences with and without the pronouns.■ Refer students to Grammar Summary 6 for further study. Exercise 8■ Students go back to the text and find more examp les of relative clauses. They may work in pairs and compare their findings.Exercise 9■ Read the instructions with the class. Advise students to follow the three steps in the order given for each sentence. ■ Students can compare their answers in pairs before checking them as a class.Answers1 I loved the meal (that) we had last night.2 The opera (that) we saw last night was terribly boring.3 I think the architect who designed the new building is very creative.4 Have you bought the CD (which) I told you about?5 He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his lifetime.Exercise 10■ Students work individually to fill in the gaps.■ Check students’ answers by having them read the sentences aloud.Answers1 which/that2 who3 /4 whose5 who6 whoExercise 11■ Read the example with the class and elicit suggestions for the second sentences, e.g. I enjoy watching films (I have seen before/ animals appear in).■ Students complete the other sentences working individually, then read their sentences to their partners. ■ Some of the students can read their sentences to the class. Language in UseExercise 12■ Students work in groups discussing ways of finishing the questions. Encourage them to add more of these questions if they like.■ Then students work individually, writing their ownquestions. ■ In pairs, students take turns to interview their partner and write down the answers.■ If there is time, extend this so that students interview four or five other students in the class.■ Students then report any interesting or surprising results back to the whole class.OptionsPractice for vocabularyFill in the blanks with the following words.date back, be used for/ as/ to do, decorate, decoration, double,religious, be related to, suggest1. The rise in crime is reported to ________ an increase in unemployment.2. They ________ animals ________ scientific experiments.3. I _______ talking to a lawyer before you do anything.4. The children always enjoy _______ the Christmas tree.5. The church, which _____ to the ninth-century, is being rebuilt.6. They didn’t attend the meeting because of _______ reasons.7. Last year she suffered from the ____ blow of losing herfather and discovering that she had cancer. 8. Have you put up your Christmas _______ yet? Answers1 be related to2 are using...for3 suggest4 decorating5 dates back6 religious。
牛津深圳版英语八年级下册 素材积累-中国文化 学案
素材积累:中国文化Chinese Culture 重点短语1. traditional Chinese culture中华传统文化2. ancient Chinese characters古汉字3. learn about学习，了解4. be famous/known for因……而出名5. traditional Chinese medicine中医6. be full of/be filled with充满7. cultural heritage文化遗产8. be good for health对身体有好处9. have high artistic value有很高的艺术价值10. traditional festivals传统节日11. play an important part/role in 在…..中扮演重要角色12. carry rich information蕴含丰富的信息13. the twenty-four solar terms 24节气14. have a history of 有……的历史15. Chinese painting中国画16. paper cutting剪纸17. cherish the cultural relics珍视文化遗址18. be interested in 对……感兴趣19. make a plan制定计划20. the form of ……的形式重点句型：1. Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world.中国画事是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。
2. Tang poems are said to be the finest of Chinese literature.唐诗被称作中国文学最杰出的部分。
3. Chinese traditional sports and activities are the cultural heritage of China.中国传统运动和活动是中国的文化遗产。
建材类专业英语词汇
门类知识：Steel door 钢质门Crack paint series 裂纹油漆门Embossing door 浮雕板门Electrolysis board 电解板门Imitate copper door仿铜门Solid wood compound door 实木复合门High class craft door 工艺木门PVC free coating door PVC 免漆门High polymer free coating door 高分子免漆门Interior steel- wooden door室内钢木门HDF molded door 模压门Stainless door 不锈钢门Aluminum alloy door 铝合金门Plastic steel door 塑钢门Bolt 螺栓Reinforced side locking point 加固侧端锁点Door viewer 猫眼Thickened door leaf 加厚门扇Main lock 主锁Door leaf 门扇Magnetic seal 门吸Doorframe 门框new-style reinforced hinge 新款加固合页Luminous stealth doorbell 夜光隐藏门铃Gas-bag magnetic seal 磁性密封条Surface processing effect 表面处理效果Stainless steel doorsill 不锈钢门挡Bolt 螺栓super-thick door leaf triple anti- theft bolt 超厚门扇三重防盗螺栓Machine lock 机械锁Pull 拉手Door sill 门挡Single color 单色Width 宽height 高long 长thickness 厚度Door formula line 门套线Combined door formula big panel 门框Door ward bar 门档条Wooden screw 木质螺丝Sheet iron 铁板Batten 板条Natural stuffing 自然填充物Steel plate 铁板Powder coated 喷塑Phosphate 磷化Anti-ultraviolet 防紫外线Rock wool 石棉窗户：UPVC windows UPVC窗户Aluminum window 铝合金窗户Window blinds 百叶窗Steel window 铁窗Parapet wall 护栏Top hung fanlight 顶悬气窗Moulding 装饰线条Top rail 上横档Locking handle 把手Friction hinge 摩擦教练Jamb 侧柱Transom 横梁Cill 窗台Mullion 树框Stay 支撑杆Bottom rail 下横档Vertical sliding 垂直滑动Triple track 三轨道校具产品知识：School desk 学校桌子Fitting 配件Apartment bed 学校公寓床Dining table 餐桌Laboratory 实验室家具Blackboard 黑板Library furniture 图书馆家具Platoon chair 体育馆排椅Child school desk 儿童桌子Particle board/flake board/Chipboard 刨花板Plywood 多层板/胶合板MDF 密度板Melamine 三聚氰胺Fireproofing board, high pressure laminate board (HPL Board) 防火板Edge banding strip 封边Grain 纹理Formaldehyde Emission 甲醛释放量Moulded board 模压板Fiber glass/fiber reinforced plastics 玻璃钢Chemical-Resistant Laminate 理化板Round Steel/steel rod 钢筋Steel circle tube 钢管square tube 方管Rectangle tube 矩形管Flat steel bar 扁铁Angle iron 角钢Surface electrostatic powder spraying/powder coatings 喷塑办公家具：Boss table 班台Book counter 文件柜Computer table 电脑桌Sofa 沙发民用家具：Bedroom furniture 卧室家具Studio furniture 书房家具Child combination 儿童组合Closet 衣柜Television cabinet 电视柜Shoes cabinet 鞋柜Kitchen furniture 厨房家具Leisure furniture 户外家具Trash can 垃圾桶Healthy boby equipment 健身器材Goods frame 货架Ladder 梯子产品专业术语窗户专业术语：窗METAL WINDOWS & FRAMES金属窗metal windows钢窗steel windows铝窗aluminum windows不锈钢窗stainless steel windows木窗wood windows塑料窗vinyl windows特种窗special windows室外上卷式百叶窗exterior roll-up windows shutters 天窗及屋顶采光SKYLIGHTS屋顶窗roof windows五金配件HARDW ARE窗五金window hardware & specialties门窗配件door and window accessories玻璃及相关制品GLAZING玻璃glass推拉窗：Sliding Window节省空间，经济、适用：Save space, economic, and practical适合家庭、办公隔断、酒店等场所：Suitable for home, office partitions, hotels and other establishmentsSave space适合家庭、宾馆、酒店等场所：Suitable for families, hotels, places such as hotels圆弧窗:Arc Window弧形设计，满足了不同建筑的结构：Arc Design，To meet different building structures 适合住宅、公寓、别墅等：Suitable for residential, apartment, villa, etc平开上悬窗top-hung window压条：glazing bead窗框：all kinds of frames 推拉扇：push pull door leaf 铝合金窗：aluminum alloy window铝合金窗纱：aluminum alloy wire netting铝合金窗轨：al-alloy curtain rod铝合金窗扇：aluminum alloy sash铝门窗料：aluminum window door and sections铝门窗锁：lock for aluminum door and window辅助配件:Auxiliary accessories坚固、高档、美观：Rugged, high-grade and beautiful且具有隔热、保湿功能：And has heat insulation, heat preservation function适合家庭、单位、酒店等场所：Suitable for families, units, places such as hotels内倒内开，双重功能，节省空间：Within the open within the inverted, double feature，钢质门专业术语：钢质门: Steel door仿铜门: Imitate copper door冷轧钢板: Cold-rolled steel sheet：蜂窝纸: Honeycomb material :防火棉: Fireproof mountain cork 防火石膏: Fireproof gypsum气窗：Transom门头：Door header门柱：Door pillar单门：Single door双开门：Ddouble door子母门：Son-mother door子门：Secondary door母门：Primary door门扇:Door leaf门框:Door frame螺栓: Bolt侧锁点:Side locking point猫眼:Door viewer主锁:Main lock密封条:Magnetic seal铰链/合页: Hinge门铃:Door bell门下档:Doorsill拉手:Handle磷化:Phosphate喷塑:Powder coating热转印:Heat transfer printing金属漆:Metallic paint:仿铜漆:Imitation copper paint校具专业术语：学校桌子School desk配件Fitting学校公寓床Apartment bed餐桌Dining table实验室家具Laboratory黑板Blackboard 图书馆家具Library furniture体育馆排椅Platoon chair儿童桌Child school desk子刨花板Particle board/flake board/Chipboard 多层板/胶合板Plywood密度板MDF三聚氰胺Melamine防火板Fireproofing board, high pressure laminate board (HPL Board)封边Edge banding strip纹理Grain甲醛释放量Formaldehyde Emission模压板Moulded board玻璃钢Fiber glass/fiber reinforced plastics 理化板Chemical-Resistant Laminate钢筋Round Steel/steel rod钢管Steel circle tube方管square tube矩形管Rectangle tube扁铁Flat steel bar角钢Angle iron喷塑Surface electrostatic powder spraying/powder coatings高质量不褪色 A high degree of light-fastness机械磨蚀Abrasion磨损硬度Abrasion hardness砂带Abrasive band网兜Basket shelf钢木室内门Interior steel-wood door强化木门（三聚氰胺木门）Melamine wood door实木复合油漆门/烤漆门Solid wood compound doorPVC免漆室内门PVC door模压门HDF molded door塑钢门UPVC door三聚氰胺层压：melamine lamination蜂窝纸：honeycomb material实木框架：solid wood frame门套板: Combined door formula big panel门套线: Door formula line门挡条: Door ward part墙体：Wall thicknessAAbram's rule阿勃拉姆规则Abrasion磨耗Accelerated strength testing快速强度试验Acid resistance耐酸性Adiabatic temperature rise绝热升温Admixture外加剂Aggregate集料（混凝土）Air entrainment引气（加气）Autoclave高压釜Accelerated curing快速养护Absorbed water吸附水Added water附加水Aggregate bulk density集料松散容重Auti-corrosion Admixture防锈剂Anisotropic materials各向异性材料Air-entrained concrete引气混凝土Air Entrain Admixture引气剂Aggregate porosity集料孔隙率Artificial marble人造大理石Alite阿利特Alkali-aggregate reaction碱－集料反应Alkalies in Portland cement波特兰水泥中的碱Alkali-silica reaction碱－二氧化硅反应Anhydrite无水石膏（硬石膏）Autoclave expansion test高压釜膨胀试验Air-entrained concrete加气混凝土Adhesion agent粘着剂Accelerating agent速凝剂All mesh ferrocement无筋钢丝网水泥Allyl-Butadiene-Styrene丙烯氰－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚树脂（ABS）Air pockets鼓泡Axial tensive property轴心受拉性能Axial compressive property轴心受压性能Air impermeability气密性Abnormal Polypropylene无规聚丙烯（APP）Asbestos fibres石棉纤维Asbestos insulation石棉绝热制品Autoclave expansion test压蒸法Artificial人造石Air entraining and water-reducing admixture 引气减水剂Active addition活性混合材Addition of cement水泥混合材Aluminoferic cement clinker铁铝酸盐水泥熟料Age龄期，时期Aluminum silicate wool硅酸铝棉Aluminum foil铝箔Air space insulation封闭空气间层Areal thermal resistance（specific thermal resistance）比热阻（热导率的倒数）Absorptivity吸收率Air permeability（Air penetration coefficient）空气渗透率BBrick 绝热砖Bleeding 泌水Bitumen-determination of penetration 沥青针入度测定法Battery-mold process 成组立模工艺Bar spacing 加筋间距Binder bonding agent 粘合剂Barytes 重晶石Batchhing 称量（配料）Biaxial behavior 双轴向性质Blaine fineness 勃来恩，细度Blast-furnace slag 高炉矿渣Blast-furnace slag cements 高炉矿渣水泥Blended portland cements 掺混合料的波特兰水泥Bogue equations 鲍格方程式Bond 粘结Brucite 氢氧镁石（水镁石）Bulking of sand 砂的湿胀Bull-float 刮尺Board（block）insulation 绝热板Bitumastic paint 沥青涂料Bituminous road materials 沥青筑路材料Blowing agent 发泡剂Bar between mesh 加筋Ball impact test （******强度）落球试验法Basic constituent 碱性组分基本成分Basicity 碱度，碱性Batch mixture 配合料Bend stress 弯曲应力Bituminous paint 沥青涂料Bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Block brick 大型砌块Blunger 搅拌器，打浆机Brick setting 砖砌体(brickwork)Brittle point of asphalt 沥青冷脆点Broken stone 碎石Bubbing potential 发泡能力Building brick 建筑红砖Building system 建筑体系，建筑系统Brittle material 脆性材料CCalcium aluminate cement 铝酸钙水泥Calcium aluminates 铝酸钙Calcium chloride 氯化钙Calcium ferroaluminates 铁铅酸钙Calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙Calcium oxide 氧化钙Calcium silicate hydrate 水化硅酸钙Calcium silicate 硅酸钙Calcium sulfates 硫酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate 硫铅酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates 水化硫铝酸钙Capillary voids（pores）in cement 水泥中的毛细管Capillary water 毛细管水Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cavitation 混凝土中的大孔洞，空蚀作用Cement fineness 水泥细度Cement paste 水泥浆Cement soundness 水泥安定性Cement specifications 水泥规范Cement strength 水泥强度Cement types 水泥品种Ceramsite 陶粒Chalcedony 玉髓Chemically combined water 化学结合水Chert 燧石（黑硅石）Chloride 氯化物Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶（CR）Chord modulus 弦弹性模量Clinker 熟料Coarse aggregate 粗集料Cold-weather concreting 冷天浇筑混凝土Compacting factor test 捣实系数试验Compaction（consolidation）捣实（捣固）Compressive strength 抗压强度Computer control system 计算机控制系统Concrete batching plant 混凝土搅拌站Concrete composition 混凝土配合比Concrete products 混凝土制品Concrete pump 混凝土输送泵Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土渗透系数Carbonated lime sand brick 碳化灰砂砖Carbonating 碳化处理Cement resistance to chemical水泥抗化学侵蚀性Cube size 立方体试件尺寸Characteristic strength 特征强度Coarse aggregate ratio to fine粗集料玉细集料之比Carbonated shrinkage 碳化收缩Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cellular（foamed）glass 泡沫玻璃（多孔玻璃）Composite insulation 复合绝热层Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Cellular concrete 多孔混凝土Complex accelerator based on triethanolamine 三乙醇胺复合早强剂Component 组分，成分，构件Compliance 柔度Composite 复合，合成，复合材料Composite insulation 复合绝热层Composite portland cement 复合硅酸盐水泥Concrete 混凝土Condensed silica fume 浓缩（凝聚）的二氧化硅烟雾（硅粉）Consistency 绸度Core tests 钻芯试验Corrosion of steel in concrete 混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀Cost of concrete 混凝土成本Cracking 开裂Creep 徐变Critical aggregate size 临界集料尺寸C-S-H 水化硅酸钙Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Conductivity 导热性Coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土收缩系数Cement mortar 水泥胶砂Crescent ribbed bars 月牙肋钢筋Concrete block 混凝土砌块Cold-drawn reinforcement bar 冷拉钢筋Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Condensation polymerization 缩聚反应Critical degree of saturation 临界饱和度Critical stress 临界压力Cryogenic behavior 低温性质Crystallization pressure of salts盐的结晶压力Crystal structure and reactivity结晶结构和活性Curing 养护Civil Engineering 土木工程Cement 水泥Crack 裂缝Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cement mortar 水泥砂浆Cork 软木Cork insulation 软木绝热制品Cellular（foamed）plastics泡沫塑料（多孔塑料）Cellular（foamed）polystyrene聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellular（foamed）polyurethane聚氨脂泡沫塑料Calcium-resin insulating board 钙塑绝热板Cellular（foamed）rubber 泡沫橡胶DDarby 刮尺D-cracking D行裂缝Deicing salts action 除冰盐作用Diatomaceous earth 硅藻土质泥土Dicalcium silicate（C2S）硅酸二钙Dynamic modulus of elasticity 动弹性模量Dolomite 白云石Drying shrinkage 干燥收缩（干缩）Ductility 延性Durability 耐久性Durability factor 耐久性因素Decoration glass 装饰玻璃Decoration mortar 装饰砂浆Deformed bar 变形钢筋，螺纹钢Defoamer 消泡剂Dense concrete 密实混凝土Diatomaceous silicate 硅藻土(Kieselguhr，diatomite)Diatomite insulation 硅藻土绝热制品Density 密度Deformation 变形钢筋Degree of hardness 硬度Degree of humidity 湿度EEarly-age behavior早期性质Ecological benefit生态效应Effective absorption有效吸收Efflorescence白霜Elastic modulus弹性模量Electron micrographs电子显微图Energy requirement能量需要Entrained air引入的空气Extensibility可伸长性Emerging wire露丝Emerging mesh露网Expanded perlite膨胀珍珠岩Epoxy Resin环氧树脂Erosion冲刷风化、剥蚀Ettringite钙矾石Expanded clay and shale膨胀粘土和页岩Expanded slag aggregate膨胀矿渣集料Expansive cement concrete膨胀水泥混凝土Expansive cement膨胀水泥Expansive phenomena in concrete混凝土中的膨胀现象Expanded vermiculite膨胀蛭石Expanded rermiculite insulation膨胀蛭石制品Expanded plastics多孔塑料Engineering plastics工程塑料FFabriform土工模袋False set假凝Feldspar长石Fiber-reinforced concrete纤维增强混凝土Final set终凝Fine aggregate细集料Fineness modulus细度模量Flowing concrete流动混凝土Fly ash粉煤灰Foamed slag泡沫矿渣Formwork removal拆模Ferromanganese锰钢Flow of cement mortar水泥胶砂流动度Fiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料Fiber-glass reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Facebrick饰面砖，面砖Facing tile外墙面砖Faience mosaic嵌花地砖，釉陶锦砖Fiber cement纤维水泥Figured glass压花玻璃Fine sand细砂Fineness of cement水泥细度Finishing抹面（修整）Flash set闪凝（瞬间凝结）Flexural strength弯曲强度Flint燧石Floating刮平Fracture toughness断裂韧性Free calcium oxide游离氧化钙Freeze-thaw resistance抗冻融性Fresh concrete新拌混凝土Facing面层Fiber insulation纤维绝热材料Flexible insulation柔性绝热制品Frost action on aggregate骨料受到冰冻作用Frost action on cement paste水泥浆受到冰冻作用Future of concrete混凝土的前景Fire resistance耐火性Ferrocement钢丝网水泥Ferrocement with skeletal bar加筋钢丝网水泥Flexural property受弯性能Fatigue resistance耐疲劳性Forst resistance抗冻性Fineness modulus细度模数（M）Flexural rigidity抗弯刚度（B）Foamed concrete泡沫混凝土Fiber board纤维板Frost action on concrete混凝土受到冰冻作用GGamma raysγ-射线Gel pores凝胶孔Gel/space ratio凝胶/空隙比（对强度的影响）(Effect on strength）Geonet土工网Geotextile土工格栅Geotextile木织物Glass geogrid土工复合排水材Geomat土工垫Gradation级配Gypsum石膏Granulated wood粒状棉Glass geogrid玻纤网Glassfiber Reinforced Plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Glass wool玻璃棉Granular（powder）insulation颗粒绝热材料Gap-graded aggregate间断级配材料Gas concrete加气混凝土Glass玻璃体Giving a basic reaction发生碱性反应Giving an acid reaction发生酸性反应Grading颗粒级配Grain-size refinement级配曲线Gravel砾石、卵石Graywacke杂砂岩Grout薄浆（灌浆）Granite花岗岩Graph图表、图解Green concrete新拌混凝土Gritly粗砂状的Ground slag矿渣粉Gypsum wall board石膏墙板Gypsum concrete石膏混凝土HHardening 硬化Hcp 水化水泥浆的简写Heat of hydration 水化热Heavyweight aggregate 重集料Heavyweight concrete 重混凝土Hemihydrate 半水化物High-alumina cement 高铝水泥High-early strength cement 高早强水泥High-strength concrete 高强混凝土High-workability concrete 高工作性混凝土Hot-weather concreting 热天浇筑混凝土Hydrophilic and hydrophobic 亲水与憎水Hydrated（portland）cement paste 已水化的水泥浆Hydration of portland cement 波特兰水泥的水化Hydration reaction of aluminates 铝酸盐的水化Hydration reaction of silicates 硅酸盐的水化反应Hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥Hydraulic pressure 水压力Honeycomb 蜂窝Heat transfer rate 热流量Homogeneous materials 均质材料High-tensile reinforcing steel 高强度钢筋High-tensile wire 高强钢丝High carbon steel 高碳钢High strength concrete 高强混凝土High performance concrete 高性能混凝土IIgneous rocks for aggregate 作为集料的岩浆岩Impact strength 冲击强度Impregnation with polymers 用聚合物浸渍Initial set 初凝Initial tangent modulus 初始正切模量Interlayer space in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间空间Interlayer water in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间水Iron blast-furnace slag 化铁高炉渣Iron ores aggregate（heavyweight）铁矿石（重集料）Isotropic materials各向同性材料Iron wire低碳钢丝Impact ductility 冲击韧性Impact strength 抗******强度Impermeability 抗渗性，不渗透性Impermeability to water 抗渗水性，不透水性Impregnate 浸渍，渗透Index of quality 品质指标，质量控制标准Inhomogeneous 不均匀的，多相的Initial shrinkage 早期收缩Initial strength 早期强度Insulating layer 隔热层Intarsia 玻璃锦砖Impact resistance 抗******性JJet set cement 喷射水泥Jolting table 振动台Job mix 现场配合Jaw crusher 颚式破碎机"Jian-1" water reducer 减水剂KKilled steel 镇静钢Kiln dust 窑灰，飞灰Kiln building 窑房Kiln plant 窑设备Kilogram calorie 千卡，大卡Knot 木节Kominuter 球磨LLow PH value cement 低碱水泥Laitance 浆皮Leaching of cement paste 水泥浆渗漏Lime cement 石灰水泥Limestone 石灰石Lightweight aggregates 轻集料Lightweight concrete 轻混凝土Lignosulfonate 木质磺酸盐Low heat Portland cement 低热波特兰水泥Laboratory 实验室Lean concrete 贫混凝土Loss of slump of concrete 混凝土的坍落度损失Le chatelier soundness test 雷氏夹法Loss on ignition 烧失量Light weight ferrocement 轻质钢丝网水泥Longitudinal bar 纵筋Longitudinal bar spacing 纵筋间距Loose fill insulation 松散填充绝热层Low alloy steel 低合金钢Low caron colddrawn steel 冷拔低碳钢丝Longitudinal rib 纵肋Lumber grading 木材等级MMacrostructure 宏观结构Magnesium oxide 氧化镁Magnesiun salts solution effect on concrete 镁盐溶液对混凝土的影响Map cracking 地图形裂纹Marcasite 白铁矿Mass concrete 大体积混凝土Maturity concept 成熟度概念Maturity meters 成熟度测定仪Microcracking 微裂缝Microsilica 微细二氧化硅（硅粉）Minimum crack spacing 最小裂缝间距Microcrack 微裂Modulus of deformation 变形模量（EB）Mineral wool insulation 矿棉绝热制品Mineral fibres 矿棉纤维Masonry cement 砌筑水泥Mild steel 低碳钢Medium carbon steel 中碳钢Moisture content of wood 木材含水量Moisture 湿度水分Moisture condition 含水状态Mocromolecule high polymer 高分子Microstructure 微观结构Mixing of concrete 矿物外加剂Mixing water 拌合用水Mix proportioning（designing）配合比（设计）Mix proportions 配合比Modified portland cement 改性的波特兰水泥Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Modulus of rupture 挠折模量（破裂模量）Monosulfate hydrate 单硫酸盐水化物Mortar 砂浆Multiaxial strength 多轴向强度Mumicipal-waste aggregate 城市废物集料Moisture absorption 吸湿率（water vapour absorption）Moisture content of aggregate 骨料含水量Matrix 基材Mesh-bar placement and tying 铺网扎筋Manual plastering 手工抹浆Maximum size of sand 砂的最大粒径Mortar consistency 砂浆绸度Mortar strength 砂浆强度Maximum crack width 最大裂缝宽度Mix proportion by absolute volume 绝对体积配合比（设计）Mix proportion by loose volume 现场松散体积配合比（设计）Mixed-in-place 现场拌和Mix proportion by weight 重量配合比Mixed process 混合过程Mixing time 拌和时间Mixing water 拌和水Modility 流动性Membreane curing 薄膜养护Map cracking 龟裂Mastic 玛脂Modulus of elasticity concrete 混凝土弹性模量Modulus of water-glass 水玻璃模数Masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆Maximum aggregate size 最大集料粒径Marber 大理岩Moderate heat portland cement 中热硅酸盐水泥Moderate heat of hydration 中热Moderate sulfate resistance 中抗硫酸盐Magnitude of self-stress 自应力NNDT 非破损试验的缩写Neutron radiation 中子辐射Neoprene 氯丁橡胶NNO water reducer NNO型减水剂Non-hydranlic cement 气硬性水泥Non-destructive tests 非破损试验Nuclear shielding concrete 核屏蔽混凝土Normal distribution 正太分布Non-evaporable water 非蒸发水Nominal diameter 公称直径Normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度Neat cement paste 水泥净浆Needle crystal 针状晶体Needle penetrometer 维OOscillating screen 振动筛Oscillation generator 振动器Oscillator 振动器Oil-well platform concrete 油井平台混凝土Opal 蛋白石Overlays of concrete 混凝土覆盖层Oriented water 定向的水Osmotic pressure 渗透压力Oven-dry aggregate 炉干骨料Overall thermal conductance 总导热系数Organosilicon 有机硅Organosilicon resin 有机硅树脂Oscillate 振动，振荡Ordinary low-alloy steel 普通低合金钢Ordinary oil well cement 普通油井水泥Ordinary portland cement 普通硅酸盐水泥PParticle size 颗粒尺寸Penetration resistance 抗贯入性Periclase 方镁石Perlite 珍珠岩Permeability 渗透性Phosphate 磷酸盐Phenolic Formaldehyde 酚醛树脂（PF）Placing of concrete 混凝土的浇筑Plaster of paris 建筑石膏Polypropylene 聚丙烯（PP）Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯（PS）Polystyrene-plywood laminate 聚苯乙烯胶合木板Polyester plastics 聚酯塑料Plastic veneer 塑料贴面板Plastic-steel window 塑钢窗Polyester 聚酯Polyester Resin 聚酯树脂（PR）Plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩Poisson's ratio 泊松比Polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土（PC）Polymer-impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土（PIC）Polymer-cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土（PCC）Polymethylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）Pore-size distrbution 孔径分布Pore-size refinement 孔径尺寸修整Prestressded ferrocement 预应力钢丝网水泥Plain round bar 光圆钢筋Prestressed steel 预应力钢筋Pumped concrete 泵送混凝土Pumice concrete concrete block 浮石混凝土砌块Plastics 塑料Polythene 聚乙烯（PE）Polyvinyl Alcohol 聚乙烯醇（PV A）Polyvinyl Acetate 聚醋酸乙烯（PV AC）Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯（PVC）Polyvinyl Formal 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVFO）Porosity 孔隙率Portland cement 波特兰水泥Portland blast-furnace slag cement 高炉矿渣波特兰水泥Portlandite 氢氧钙石Portland pozzolan cement 火山灰质波特兰水泥Potential compound composition 潜在化合物成分Pyrite pyrrhotite 硫化铁，黄铁矿Particle size distribution 粒度分布Pat test 试饼法PH-value PH值Pozzolan 火山灰Pozzolanic reaction 火山灰质反应Preplaced aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土Proportioning 配合Pulverized fuel ash 磨细粉煤灰Pull-out test 拔出试验Pumice 浮石QQuality assurance 质量保证Quick set 快凝Quality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quartz glass 石英玻璃Quartz glass fiber 石英玻璃纤维Quartz sand 石英砂Quick lime 生石灰[CaO]Quartz 石英Quatzite 石英岩Quick-taking cement 快凝水泥Quick hardening 水硬性水泥Quench 水淬，骤冷RRadiation shielding concrete辐射屏蔽混凝土Rapid setting and hardening cement快凝与快硬水泥Revibration重新振捣Rice husk ash谷糠灰Ready-mixed concrete预拌混凝土Recycled-concrete aggregate再生混凝土集料Regulated-set cement调凝水泥Retarding admixtures缓凝外加剂Retempering重新调拌Roller-compacted concrete滚筒-压实混凝土Reinforced plastics加筋塑料Reinforcement mat钢筋网Resistance to chemical attack of mortar砂浆耐蚀性Rock wool岩石棉Rigid insulation刚性绝热制品Rib height肋高Rib spacing肋间距Ribbed bars带肋钢筋Rich concrete富混凝土Residue on sieve筋余Raw limestone石灰石Raw gypsum二水石膏SSalt crystallization pressure 盐的结晶压力Sand 砂Sandstone 砂岩Saturated surface dry condition 饱和面干条件Scaling 起皮，鳞片状剥落Schmidt rebound hammer 希密特回弹仪Screeding 抹平Seawater 海水Secant elastic modulus 正割弹性模量Sedimentary rocks for aggregate 作为集料的沉积岩Segregation 离析Self-stressing cement 自应力水泥Setting of cement paste 水泥浆的凝结Special hydraulic cement 特种水硬性水泥Specifications 规范Specific heat 比热Specific surface area 比表面积Sphericity 圆度Splitting ******* strength 劈裂抗拉强度Standard specifications 标准规范Standard test method 标准试验方法Stiffening of cement paste 水泥浆的变硬Strain 应变Strength 强度Setting of concrete 混凝土的凝结Shear-bond failure 剪切粘结破坏Shear strength 剪切强度Shotcreting 喷射混凝土浇筑Shrinkage 收缩Shrinkage-compensating concrete 收缩补偿混凝土Sieve analysis of aggregate 集料的筛分析Silica fume 硅粉Slag 矿渣Slip-formed concrete 滑模混凝土Slump cone test 坍落度锥体试验Slump loss in concrete 混凝土中坍落度损失Solid/space ratio 固体∕空隙比Solid-state hydration 固态水化Soundness 安定性Spacing-factors of entrained air 引入空气的间距因素Structural lightweight concrete 结构轻混凝土Structure（microstructure）of concrete 混凝土的（微观）结构Structures（concrete）in photographs 混凝土结构照片Sulfate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀Sulfate resisting cement 抗硫酸盐水泥Sulfates in portland cement 波特兰水泥中的硫酸盐Sulfides and sulfate aggregate 硫化物与硫酸盐集料Standard sand 标准砂Strength of cement mortar 水泥胶砂强度Strength grade of cement 水泥强度等级Spiral reinforcement 螺纹钢筋Stirrup 箍筋Struture lightweight concrete 结构用轻混凝土Specimen 试件Self-stressing concrete 自应力混凝土Sand grading 砂的级配Sand grading curve 砂的级配曲线Sand grading standard region 砂的级配标准区Self-stressing ferrocement 自应力钢丝网水泥Self-stressing cement mortar 自应力水泥砂浆Shear steel 剪切钢筋Saturation capacity 饱和含水量Saturation point 饱和点Stearic acid 硬脂酸Surface-active agents 表面活性剂Synthetic resin binder 树脂粘结剂Synthetic lightweight aggregate 人造轻集料Shotereting process 喷浆工艺Scaling 麻面Surface dusting 表面起砂Sandwich 夹层Shrinkage crack 收缩裂缝Stressed crack 受力裂缝Special steel 特种钢Sawdust concrete 锯屑混凝土Softening point test 软化点试验Solidification 凝固作用Stress 应力Stress intensity factor 应力强度因素Stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Surface moisture 表面水Splitting strength 劈裂强度Splitting failure 劈裂破坏Standard error 标准误差Stand sieve 标准筛Static modulus 静弹性模量Steam curing 蒸汽养护Strength grading 强度级别Strength of cube 立方体强度Strength at 28 days 28天强度Stress concentration 应力集中Styrene Butadiene Rubber 丁苯橡胶（SBR）Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene 苯－丁－苯乙烯Sulphoaluminate cement clinker硫铝酸盐熟料Surface energy 表面能Surface hardness 表面强度Surface ******* 表面张力Sand-lime brick 灰砂砖Saturated aggregate 饱和水集料Superplasticized admixture 超塑化外加剂Surface area 表面积Strength of aggregate 集料强度Strength of cylinders 圆柱体强度Supersulphated cement 石膏矿渣水泥Setting time of concrete 混凝土的凝结时间Standard of concrete 混凝土强度Standard deviation 标准差Structure high density concrete 结构高表观密度混凝土Steel-fibre concrete 钢纤维混凝土Set retarder admixture 缓凝剂Set retarding and water-reducing admixture 缓凝减水剂Superplasticizer admixture 高效减水剂Superplasticized concrete 超塑性混凝土Setting time 凝结时间Sulphonated formaldehyde melamine 磺化甲醛三聚氰胺Saturated and surface-dry aggregate 饱和面干集料TTangent modulus of elasticity 正切弹性模量Temperature effects 温度效应Tensile strain 拉伸应变Tensile strain capacity 拉伸应变能力Tensile strength 拉伸强度（抗拉强度）Test methods 试验方法Thermal conductivity 导热性Thermal expansion coefficient 热膨胀系数Thermal shrinkage 热收缩Truckmixing 卡车搅拌Total water/cement ratio 总水灰比Trial mixes 试拌合物The particle grading 颗粒级配Tough aggregate 韧性集料Timber 木材Thermal insulation material 保温材料Test sieve 试验筛Through-solution hydration 通过溶液的水化Time of set 凝结时间Tobermorite gel 莫来石凝胶Topochemical hydration 局部水化Toughness 韧性Transition zone 过渡区Transporting concrete 混凝土输送Tricalcium aluminate 铝酸三钙Tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙Triethanolamine 三乙醇胺Testing of material 材料试验Testing sieve shaker 试验用振动筛分机Test load 试验负荷Test method 试验仪表Test report 试验报告Test result 试验结果Tetracalcium aluminate hydrate 水化铝酸四钙Texture of wood 木材纹理Theories of cement setting and hardening 水泥凝结硬化理论Thermal contraction 热收缩Thermal diffusivity 热扩散性Thermosetting plastics 热固性塑料Technical manual 技术规范Test method of ferrocement panels in flexure 钢丝网水泥板受弯试验方法Transverse barspacing 横筋间距Thermo plastics 热塑性塑料Transverse rib 横肋Transverse bar 横筋Temperature shrinkage 温度收缩Thermal insulation material 绝热材料Thermal insulation properties 保温性能Thermal insulating concrete 绝热混凝土Thermal insulating plaster（Thermal insulating mortar）绝热砂浆UUltrasonic pulse velocity 超声脉冲速度Unixial compression behavior 单轴向受压状况Ultimate creep 极限徐变Ultimate strain 极限应变Unlimited swelling gel 无限膨胀凝胶Units of measurement 计量单位Unit weight 单位重量Ultimate gation 极限伸长值Ultimate principles 基本原理Ultrasonic inspection 超声波样份Uncombined CaO 游离CaOVVander Wale force 范德华力Vebe test 维勃试验Vermiculite 蛭石Very high early strength cement 超高早强水泥Vibration 振动，振捣Vicat apparatus 维卡仪V oid in hydrated cement paste 水化水泥浆中的孔隙V olcanic glass 火山玻璃Vinsol resin 松香皂树脂Vapor pressure 蒸汽压力Variegated glass 大理石纹Veneer 墙面砖、饰面砖Vesicular structure 多孔结构Vicat needle 维卡仪Viscometer 粘度仪Viscosity 粘度粘滞性Viscosity of asphalt 沥青粘滞性Voids ratio 孔隙率Vibro-moulding process 振动成型工艺Vibrating stamping process 震动模压工艺Vibrating vacuum-dewater process 振动-真空脱水工艺Vacuum insulation 真空绝热Vapour barrier，water vapour retarder 隔汽层Vibrating table 振动台V oids detection 空隙的测定V-B test（vebe test）维勃证WWater 水Water/cement ratio 水灰比Water-reducing admixture 减水剂Water tightness 水密性、不透水性Water content 用水量Water requirement 需水量Water-lightness 透水性Water-reducing retaders 缓凝减水剂White cement 白水泥Windsor probe 温莎探针Winter concreting 混凝土冬季浇筑Workability 工作性（工作度）Wetting agents 温润剂Water solubility 水溶性Water retentivity 保水性Water storage 在水中养护Water repellent 疏水的、不吸水的、憎水的Water resistance 抗水性Water vapor 水蒸汽Wearability 耐磨性Weather resistance 耐候性Workability 可加工性Wood-preserving process 木材防腐处理Work done by impact ******功Weighting error 称量误差Workability loss of with time 和易性随时间损失Workability of ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土和易性Workability of light-weight concrete 轻混凝土和易性Water-reducing admixture 普通减水剂Water-proofing 防水的Water-proofing admixture 防水剂Wire rope 钢绞线Workability measurement 和易性测量Wire mesh 钢丝网Welded mesh 焊接网Wood wool slab 木丝板Water content（moisture content）含水率（湿度）Water absorption 吸水率Wet screening 湿法筛分，湿筛析Wetting and drying 潮湿与干燥Workability control 和易性控制Workability definition 和易性定义Water pepellent admixture 防水剂Water requirement for normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度用水量Water proofing compound 防水化合物XX-ray diffiraction analysis X射线衍射分析X-ray phase analysis X射线相分析X-rayogram X射线图式X-ray spectrometer X射线光谱仪YYield limit 屈服极限Yield point 屈服点Yield strength 屈服强度Yield stress 屈服应力Yield of steel 钢材的屈服ZZeolite 沸石Zones for sand grading 砂级配区Zeta-potential ζ－电位Zone of heating 预热带。
(完整版)材料一致性声明表格-中英文
材料一致性声明DECLARATION OF MATERIAL CONFORMITYCCC申请号/证书号（CCC Application/Certificate NO.）产品名称（Product name）：产品型号（Product model）：声明本次申请所用材料的成分、牌号、颜色及制造商（如表1所示）与表2中的部件材料一致：Declare that the composition, model number, colour and manufacture of the material(s) shown in table 1 of this application are identical to the reference material shown in table 2 :表1 声明产品部件信息/ table 1 for the declared material表2 参考产品部件信息/ table 2 for the reference material同时声明以上表2所涉及的CCC申请及CCC证书为有效状态。
And we confirm that the reference CCC application or/and certificate in table 2 is valid.我公司对上述声明完全负责。
We are fully responsible for the above declaration.负责人签名及公司盖章：日期：（Signature & seal）：DATE:说明：1、材料一致性是指材料的组成、牌号、颜色、生产厂均相同；其中，材料的组成相同是指不仅构成材料主成分相同，而且的其它各种组分及含量均相同，包括各种添加剂如阻燃剂、增塑剂、抗氧剂等的成分和含量均相同。
2、如果涉及多个产品型号时，可复印本声明提供多份声明。
3、表1的备注中应说明与表2中的哪种材料相同。
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三，塑胶料
中文名称 后壳 面壳 小后壳 DVD小后盖 喇叭支架 底座 底座立柱 按键挡板 塑料按键 转动耐磨垫圈 转动限位垫片 导光柱 线夹 底座防滑脚垫 橡胶 case PCB front cover 贴片二极管 small rear case 轻触开关 DVD small rear cover 8pin 插座 speaker support base 六，接收板 base support 中文名称 key baffle PCB plastic key LED 灯 Turnable wearable ringIR接收头 Turnable fixed gasket SMD 电容 lens 5pin 插座 cable buckle rubber foot 七，线材 rubber blanket 中文名称 silicone blanket 按键板连接线 遥控接收线 按键/IR板连接线 四，总装料 英文名称 中文名称 DVD按键板线 二，五金料 英文名称 中文名称 LED液晶显示屏Panel DVD信号，控制，供电线 侧端子板 side I/O metal support 主板 Main board LED bar连接线 下端口板 down I/O metal support 主板外挂端口板 I/O board 喇叭线 转轴 spindle 喇叭 speaker 屏线 后壳固定铁片 rear fixing plate 二合一电源板 power board 功放供电线 上壁挂支架连接器 wall hanging connector 电源适配器 up Adapter 主板供电线 下壁挂支架连接器 down wall hanging connector 横流板 converter board M/B至升压板线 底座固定支架 base metal support 升压板 inverter board 驱动板连接线 主板固定支架 M/B metal support DVD机芯 DVD loader AC线 螺丝 screw DVD解码板 DVD PCB board 双刀电源开关 double switch 按键板 key board 遥控接收板 IR board 屏线转接板 panel connecting board
英文名称 PCB board led light IR receiver SMD capacitor 5pin socket
英文名称 九，工程辅料 英文名称 button cable 中文名称 IR cable 橡胶圈 rubber ring Button/IR cable 铝箔 AL-Foil DVD button cable 珍珠棉 PE foam DVD signal、control、power cable 介子垫片 红 red small gasket LED bar cable 3M胶 3M glue speaker cable 双面胶 double glue LVDS cable 海绵 sponge amplifier power supply cable 醋酸胶布 acetate tape M/B power supply cable 扎线 tie wire converter control cable 透明胶纸 tape drive control cable 美纹胶纸 masking tape AC cable 流程卡 run card 酒精 alcohol 缠绕膜 stretch film 锡条 solder wire 热缩套管 heat shrink tube
英文对照表
八，贴纸
英文名称 PCB board Diode touch key 8pin socket 英文名称 中文名称 后铭板贴纸 rating label 序列号贴纸 S/N label 侧端口功能贴纸 side I/O function sticker 下端口功能贴纸 down I/O function sticker I/O端子板贴纸 side I/O metal support sticker1 I/O下端子板贴纸 down I/O metal support sticker1 下端子贴纸 down I/O metal support sticker2 侧端子贴纸 side I/O metal support sticker2 彩盒贴纸 giftbox sticker UL贴纸 UL sticker 日期贴纸 Production sticker 促销贴纸 sales sticker 能效贴纸 Energy sticker
物料中英文对照表
一，包装料
中文名称 彩盒 手腕扣 发泡胶左 发泡胶右 发泡胶左上 发泡胶左下 发泡胶右上 发泡胶右下 PE 袋 说明书 保修卡 电池 电源线 遥控器 退货通知单 底座安装说明 快速连接指南 英文名称 Giftbox Handle Polyfoam L Polyfoam R upleft polyfoam downleft polyfoam upright polyfoam downright polyfoam PE bag Service Menu Warranty Card Battery Power cable Remote control return sales memo Guide for fixing base Guide for operating TV