EV SCAN (WEEK 25)
油墨及包装印刷材料中矿物油含量的测定方法
检测认证油墨及包装印刷材料中矿物油含量的测定方法■ 居家琴*〔南德认证检测（中国）有限公司上海分公司〕摘 要：本文建立了测定油墨及包装印刷材料中矿物油（MOSH和MOAH）含量的气相色谱-火焰离子检测器（GC-FID）及气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析方法。
油墨和包装印刷材料样品以乙醇/正己烷混合液进行萃取，萃取液经0.3%硝酸银固相萃取小柱纯化后分离出MOSH和MOAH两部分洗脱液，分别旋蒸浓缩后上机分析，采用GC-FID对MOSH进行定量分析，采用GC-MS对MOAH进行定性定量分析。
MOSH的方法报告限为100 mg/kg，MOAH方法报告限为0.2 mg/kg。
MOSH回收率为75%～101%，相对标准偏差为9.8%，MOAH回收率为85%~102%，相对标准偏差为7.6%。
关键词：矿物油，MOSH，MOAH，包装印刷材料，油墨DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1002-5944.2023.17.031Methods for Determining Mineral Oil Content in Inks and PackagePrinting MaterialsJU Jia-qin*（TÜV SÜD Certifi cation and Testing (China) Co., Ltd. Shanghai Branch ）Abstract:The paper set up the methods, GC-FID and GC-MS, to determine the mineral oil (MOSH and MOAH) content in inks and package printing materials. The inks and package printing materials were extracted by mixed ethanol/n-hexane solvents, then the sample extract liquid was purifi ed by 0.3% silver nitrate solid phase extraction column, and was divided into two different types of eluents to collect MOSH and MOAH, which were analyzed after rotary evaporation and concentration. The paper used the GC-FID method for quantitative analysis of MOSH, and used GC-MS method qualitative and quantitative analysis of MOAH. The reporting limit was 100mg/kg for MOSH and 0.2mg/kg for MOAH. The recovery rate range was 75%~101% for MOSH and 85%~102% for MOAH. And the RSD was 9.8% for MOSH and 7.6% for MOAH. Keywords: mineral oil, MOSH, MOAH, package printing material, ink0 引 言矿物油目前没有一个明确的定义，一般指C10-C50之间的碳氢化合物。
MAXIM MAX17094 评估板 (EV 板) 使用手册 2说明书
General DescriptionThe MAX17094 evaluation kit (EV kit) is a fully assem-bled and tested surface-mount PCB that provides the voltages and features required for active-matrix, thin-film transistor (TFT), liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). The EV kit contains a high-performance step-up switching regulator, a 250mA low-dropout (LDO) linear regulator,a high-speed op amp, a digitally adjustable VCOM cali-brator, and seven high-voltage level-shifting buffers for scan-driver applications.The EV kit operates from a DC supply voltage from +1.8V to +5.5V. The step-up switching regulator is con-figured for a +8V output providing at least 300mA from a +2.5V input. The positive charge pump is configured for a +21.5V output providing up to 30mA. The negative charge pump is configured for a -6.5V output providing up to 30mA. The op amp is capable of providing up to ±150mA peak and features a programmable output voltage initially configured for +3.2V. The low-voltage,low-dropout linear regulator can provide at least 250mA. The high-voltage, level-shifting scan driver buffers seven logic inputs and shifts them to a desired level to drive TFT LCD row logic.The MAX17094 EV kit demonstrates low quiescent cur-rent and high efficiency (> 85%) for maximum battery life. Operation at 1.2MHz allows the use of tiny surface-mount components. The MAX17094 thin QFN package (0.8mm max height), with low-profile external compo-nents, allows this circuit to be less than 2mm high.The MAX17094 EV kit provides an on-board I 2C/SMBus™ interface and connects to the computer through the universal serial bus (USB) port. The EV kit includes Windows ®2000/XP ®and Windows Vista ®-compatible software that provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for control of the MAX17094’s programmable features.Featureso +1.8V to +5.5V Input Rangeo Adjustable 450kHz to 1.2MHz Step-Up Switching Frequencyo Output Voltages+8V Output at 300mA (Step-Up Switching Regulator)+21.5V Output at 30mA (Positive Charge Pump)-6.5V Output at 30mA (Negative Charge Pump)+2.5V at 250mA (Linear Regulator)±150mA High-Current Op-Amp Outputo Resistor-Adjustable Switching Regulator and Op-Amp Output Rangeo Digitally Programmable Op-Amp Output Voltage o +30V to -10V High-Voltage Level-Shifting Drivers o > 85% Efficiency (Step-Up Switching Regulator)o On-Board I 2C/SMBus Interface Control through USBo Windows 2000/XP- and Windows Vista (32-Bit)-Compatible Softwareo 2mm Low-Profile Surface-Mount Components o Lead(Pb)-Free and RoHS Compliant o Fully Assembled and TestedEvaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit________________________________________________________________Maxim Integrated Products119-4451; Rev 0; 2/09For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,or visit Maxim’s website at .trademarks of Microsoft Corp.Ordering Information+Denotes lead(Pb)-free and RoHS compliant.E v a l u a t e s : M A X 17094MAX17094 Evaluation KitEvaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________3µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.E v a l u a t e s : M A X 17094Quick StartRecommended Equipment• 1.8V to 5.5V, 2A DC power supply•User-supplied Windows 2000/XP or Windows Vista PC with a spare USB port •VoltmeterNote: In the following sections, software-related items are identified by bolding. Text in bold refers to items directly from the EV kit software. Text in bold and underlined refers to items from the Windows operating system.ProcedureThe MAX17094 EV kit is fully assembled and tested.F ollow the steps below to verify board operation.Caution: Do not turn on the power supply until all connections are completed.1)Verify that a shunt is installed across jumper JU2.2)Set an external power supply to ≈+3.3V. Connectthe positive terminal of the power supply to the VIN pad. Connect the negative terminal of the power supply to the PGND pads closest to VIN.3)Turn on the power supply and verify that the step-up switching regulator output (MAIN) is +8V.4)Verify that the positive charge-pump supply (VP) isapproximately +24V.5)Verify that the negative charge-pump supply (VN) isapproximately -8.8V.6)Verify that the linear regulator output (VLOGIC) isapproximately 2.5V.7)Visit /evkitsoftware to down-load the latest version of the MAX17094 EV kit soft-ware, MAX17094Rxx.ZIP. Save the EV kit software to a temporary folder and uncompress the ZIP file.8)Install the EV kit software on your computer by run-ning the INSTALL.EXE program inside the tempo-rary folder. The program files are copied and icons are created in the Windows Start | Programs menu.9)Connect the USB cable from the PC to the EV kitboard. A Building Driver Database window pops up in addition to a New Hardware Found message when installing the USB driver for the first time. If you do not see a window that is similar to the onedescribed above after 30 seconds, remove the USB cable from the board and reconnect it.Administrator privileges are required to install the USB device driver on Windows 2000/XP/Vista.10)F ollow the directions of the Add New Hardware Wizard to install the USB device driver. Choose the Search for the best driver for your device option.Specify the location of the device driver to be C:\Program Files\MAX17094(default installation directory) using the Browse button. During device driver installation, Windows may show a warning message indicating that the device driver Maxim uses does not contain a digital signature. This is not an error condition and it is safe to proceed with instal-lation. Refer to the TROUBLESHOOTING_USB.PDF document included with the software for additional information.11)Start the MAX17094 EV kit software by opening its icon in the Start | Programs menu.12)Normal device operation is verified when MAX17094 device connected appears in the status bar on the MAX17094 EV kit main window (Figure 1).13)Verify that the output of the high-speed op amp (VCOM) is approximately +3.2V.MAX17094 Evaluation Kit 4_______________________________________________________________________________________Figure 1. MAX17094 EV Kit Software Main WindowDetailed Description of HardwareThe MAX17094 EV kit contains a high-performance step-up switching regulator, a 250mA LDO, a positive two-stage charge pump, a negative single-stage charge pump, a high-speed op amp, and seven high-voltage level-shifting buffers for scan-driver applica-tions. The EV kit operates from a DC power supply between +1.8V and +5.5V that provides at least 2A.As configured, the step-up switching regulator (VMAIN)generates a +8V output and provides at least 300mA.The step-up switching-regulator output voltage can be adjusted up to +14V with different feedback resistors (see the Output-Voltage Selection section).The GON consists of two positive charge-pump stages to generate approximately +21.5V and provides up to 30mA. The GOF F consists of a single negative charge-pump stage to generate approximately -6.5V and provides up to 30mA. Loading GON and GOF F reduces the available VMAIN current proportionally.The op-amp output (VCOM) is SMBus programmable and is configured for a +2.4V to +4V output-voltage range. VCOM can source or sink peak current up to 150mA. The output-voltage range can be reconfigured to other voltages with voltage-divider resistors R16 and R17. Refer to the Setting the VCOM Adjustment Range section in the MAX17094 IC data sheet for more details.The seven logic-level to high-voltage level-shifting buffers can buffer seven logic inputs (A2–A8) and shift them to a desired level (Y2–Y8) to drive TF T LCD row logic. Each buffer outputs the voltage on the GOFF pin (set through JU1) when its respective input is logic-low.Each buffer (Y2–Y6) outputs the voltage-on GON1 (set through JU3) when its respective input is logic-high.Similarly, Y7 and Y8 output the voltage on GON2 (set through JU4).The seven switches within SW1 are used to select logic levels on A2–A8 for testing purposes. Set each switchopen when driving A2–A8 with external logic. Use jumpers JU14–JU18 to select between capacitive loads on outputs Y2–Y8 and YDCHG for testing purposes.GOFF Power Supply (JU1)The MAX17094 EV kit incorporates jumper JU1 to pro-vide an option to supply the gate-off (GOF F ) supply.GOF F can be supplied either through the on-board negative charge pump (VN) or with an externally applied voltage at the GOF F pad. See Table 1 for jumper JU1 configuration.Enable (JU2)The MAX17094 EV kit incorporates jumper JU2 to enable/disable the IC outputs. When EN is pulled low,the DC-DC converter and op amp are disabled. The high-voltage drivers and LDO will remain active if suffi-cient voltage is available for operation. See Table 2 for jumper JU2 configuration.GON1, GON2 Power Supply (JU3, JU4)The MAX17094 EV kit incorporates jumpers JU3 and JU4 to provide an option to supply the gate-on (GON1,GON2) supplies. GON1 and GON2 can be supplied either through the on-board positive charge pump (VP)or with an externally applied voltage at the respective GON_ pad. See Table 3 for jumpers JU3 and JU4 con-figuration.Evaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________5E v a l u a t e s : M A X 17094Level-Shifter Logic-Level Inputs(JU5–JU11)The MAX17094 level-shifter inputs can be supplied either using the on-board logic or from an externally applied signal through configuration of jumpers JU5–JU11. Additionally, when using on-board logic,SW1 controls the logic levels based on its own settings.When SW1 is on, the logic input is high. When SW1 is off, the logic input is pulled low through a 100k Ωpull-down resistor. See Table 4 for jumpers JU5–JU11 con-figuration.Level-Shifter Output Loading (JU14–JU21)The MAX17094 EV kit incorporates jumpers JU14–JU21to provide loading options at the level-shifter outputs,YDCHG and Y2–Y8. See Table 5 for jumpers JU14–JU21configuration.Output-Voltage SelectionThe MAX17094 EV kit’s step-up switching-regulator out-put (VMAIN) is set to +8V by feedback resistors R2 and R3. To generate output voltages other than +8V (up to +14V), select different external voltage-divider resis-tors, R2 and R3. Note that changing the VMAIN voltage setting changes the VN and VP charge-pump output voltages. Refer to the Main Step-Up Regulator and Output-Voltage Selection sections in the MAX17094 IC data sheet for more information.Detailed Description of SoftwareThe MAX17094 device includes a calibrator used for adjusting an LCD’s backplane voltage (VCOM) in TF T LCD displays. The VCOM voltage is adjusted by con-trolling the amount of sink current from a current source connected to the POS terminal of the op amp. This is accomplished by programming the desired setting into the device’s 7-bit internal DAC. The MAX17094 sup-ports four different I 2C slave addresses; configure SW2to select between different addresses. Refer to the MAX17094 IC data sheet for further details.Loading 7-Bit DAC SettingThe DAC setting corresponds to a certain sink-current level, which in turn corresponds to a specific VCOM voltage. With the MAX17094 EV kit software, the device’s 7-bit internal DAC is configured by entering an appropriate DAC setting into the Load DAC edit box.The DAC setting can be set from 0x00 (VCOM MIM ) to 0x7F (VCOM MAX ). The DAC setting is written to the device by pressing the Load DAC button (Figure 1).Reading 7-Bit DACThe MAX17094 7-bit DAC is read by either pressing the Read DAC button or by checking the DAC polling checkbox. When checked, the software continuously reads and displays the DAC’s current setting.Access Control RegisterThe Write To group box is used to select whether volatile (WR) or nonvolatile (IVR) memory is accessed during read and write cycles involving the data register.When the WR/IVR radio button is selected, data on the data register is written to both the WR and IVR. When the WR Only radio button is selected, data on the data register is written to the WR only.Simple SMBus CommandsThere are two methods for communicating with the MAX17094: through the MAX17094 EV kit software main window (F igure 1), or through the interface win-dow available by selecting the Action | Interface Diagnostic Window menu item from the menu bar. The Maxim command module interface window (F igure 2)includes a 2-wire interface tab that allows for execu-tion of the SMBusSendByte(), SMBusReceiveByte(),and SMBusQuick()commands. See Table 6 for details regarding SMBus commands.The Command byte and Data Out combo boxes accept numeric data in binary, decimal, or hexadeci-mal. Hexadecimal numbers should be prefixed by $ or 0x. Binary numbers must be exactly eight digits. See Figure 2 for an illustration of this tool.MAX17094 Evaluation Kit 6_______________________________________________________________________________________Evaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________7Figure 2. Command Module Interface WindowTable 6. SMBus CommandsCONTROL SMBus COMMAND FORMATLoad DAC SMBusWriteByte Input the desired 7-bit DAC setting into the Data Out combo box. The 7-bit DAC value should be stored in the lower 7 bits (b6–b0) of the byte; the MSB is ignored.Read DAC SMBusReadByte Receives 8 bits from the device. The lower 7 bits correspond to the current DAC setting and the MSB is ignored.Device searchSMBusQuickSearch for device address shown in the Target Device Address combo box. The MAX17094 device address can be 50, 52, 54, or 56.E v a l u a t e s : M A X 17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit 8_______________________________________________________________________________________Figure 3a. MAX17094 EV Kit Schematic (Sheet 1 of 3)Evaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit_______________________________________________________________________________________9Figure 3b. MAX17094 EV Kit Schematic (Sheet 2 of 3)E v a l u a t e s : M A X 17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit 10______________________________________________________________________________________Figure 3c. MAX17094 EV Kit Schematic (Sheet 3 of 3)Evaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit______________________________________________________________________________________11Figure 4. MAX17094 EV Kit Component Placement Guide—Component SideE v a l u a t e s : M A X 17094MAX17094 Evaluation Kit12______________________________________________________________________________________Figure 5. MAX17094 EV Kit PCB Layout—Component SideMaxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________13©2009 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.Evaluates: MAX17094MAX17094 Evaluation KitFigure 6. MAX17094 EV Kit PCB Layout—Solder Side。
气质联用(扫描方式)
0 100 RT : 4.32 SN: 2628 RT : 5.86 SN: 2908
RT : 10.61 SN: 3476 RT : 10.54 SN: 2023 RT : 11.96 SN: 2367 RT : 13.66 SN: 1112
50
NL: 7.98E6 TIC F: M S ICIS iis_mix_0404 _scan_01
RT:7.49 SN:3107
143.15
SIM：对选定的离子进行扫描 Full scan： 全扫描
117.21 144.19 178.37 150 206.28 200 m/z 238.15 250.27 281.41 300 315.12 341.50 350 250
NL: 4.35E6 iis_mix_0404_scan_01#1056 RT : 7.49 AV: 1 SB: 425 4.00-4.45 , 4.04-4.99 T : + c Full ms [ 50.00-350.00]
选择离子检测SRM：是串联质谱的一直检测模式，即监测一个 或几个特定的离子反应，监测几个离子反应又称多反应监测MRM。 在选择离子检测中要先选定前体离子，再对其进行碰撞诱导裂 解，产生产物离子，最后对选定的产物离子进行检测。选择反 应检测与SIM一样能对复杂混合物最后的痕量做一份进行快速鉴 别和定量分析，而且由于它监测两组特定且直接相关的离子， 故其选择性更高，同时由于对特定离子的扫描次数增多，故其 灵敏性更高。由选择离子监测获得的图谱也与质量色谱图（或 总离子流色谱图）相似，其峰面积或峰高用于目标化合物的定 量分析。
0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 T ime (min) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
高考英语高频词汇(带音标全)精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版高考英语高频单词1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更['Iɔ:ltə(r)]2.burst vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂[bɜ:st]3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of) [dɪ' spəʊz]4.blast n. 爆炸；气流vi. 炸,炸掉[blɑ:st]5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽[kən'sju:m]6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂a.裂开的[splɪt]7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出[spɪl]9.slip v. 滑动,滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片[slaɪd]11.bacteria n. 细菌[bæk' tɪəriə]12.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排['bʌdʒɪt]14.candidate n. 候选人['kændɪdət]15.campus n. 校园['kæmpəs]16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的['lɪbərəl]17.transform v. 转变,变革；变换[træns'fɔ:m]18.transmit v. 传播,播送；传递[træns'mɪt]19.transplant v. 移植[træns'plɑ:nt]20.transport vt. 运输, n. 运输,运输工具['trænspɔ:t]21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化,改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见['vænɪʃ]24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子['swɑ:loʊ]25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心[sə'spɪʃn]26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的[sə'spɪʃəs]d a. 温暖的,暖和的；温柔的,味淡的[maɪld]28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的['tendə(r)]29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌（的人或事物）['nju:sns]30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的；无价值的[Iɪnsɪg'nɪfɪkənt]31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进[ək'seləreɪt]32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的；完全的['æbsəlu:t]33.boundary n. 分界线,边界['baʊndri]34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住（车）[breɪk]35.catalog n. 目录（册）v. 编目['kætəlɔ:g]36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的[veɪg]37.vain n. 徒劳,白费[veɪn]38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的[ɪk' stɪŋkt]39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的[ɪk' strɔ:dnri]40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的n. 极端,过分[ɪk' stri:m]41.agent n. 代理人,代理商；动因,原因[' eɪdʒənt]42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精[' ælkəhɒl]43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求[ə' pi:l]44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏[ə' pri:ʃieɪt]45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准[ə' pru:v]46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励[I'stɪmjuleɪt]47.acquire vt. 取得,获得；学到[ə' kwaɪə(r)]48.accomplish vt .完成,到达；实行[ə' kʌmplɪʃ]work n. 网状物；广播网,电视网；网络['netwɜ:k]50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流[taɪd]51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的[' taɪdi]52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹[treɪs]53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨['tɔ:tʃə(r)]54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛['wɒndə(r)]55.wax n. 蜡[wæks]56.weave v. 织,编[wi:v]57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持[prɪ'zɜ:v]61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待；谩骂[ə'bju:s]62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的[Iækə'demɪk]63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会[ə'kædəmi]64. battery n. 电池（组）['bætri]65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏['bæriə(r)]66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物['kɑ:gəʊ]67. career n. 生涯,职业[kə'rɪə(r)]68. vessel n. 船舶；容器,器皿；血管['vesl]69. vertical a. 垂直的['vɜ:tɪkl]70. oblige v. 迫使,责成；使感激[ə'blaɪdʒ]71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊[əb'skjʊə(r)]72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度[ɪk'stent]73. exterior n. 外部,外表a. 外部的,外表的[ɪk'stɪəriə(r)]74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的[ɪk'stɜ:nl]75. petrol n. 汽油['petrəl]76. petroleum n. 石油[pə'trəʊliəm]77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽[dɪ'keɪ]79. decent a. 像样的,体面的['di:snt]80. route n. 路；路线；航线[ru:t]81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟['ru:ɪn]82. sake n. 缘故,理由[seɪk]83. satellite n. 卫星['sætəlaɪt]84. scale n. 大小,规模；等级；刻度[skeɪl]85. temple n. 庙宇['templ]86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的['ti:diəs]87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势['tendənsi]89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的n. 极端['ʌltɪmət]90. undergo v. 经历,遭受[I ʌndə'gəʊ]91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的[ə'bʌndənt]92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳[ə'dɒpt]93. adapt vi. 适应,适合；改编,改写vt. 使适应[ə'dæpt]94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位；单身汉['bætʃələ(r)]95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的；临时的；非正式的['kæʒuəl]96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉[træp]97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的['veɪkənt]98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器['vækjuəm]99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的['ɔ:rəl]100. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩[ɪk' ses]101. explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增[ɪk'spləʊʒn] 102. explosive a. 爆炸的；极易引起争论的[ɪk'spləʊsɪv] 103. explore v. 勘探[ɪk'splɔ:(r)]104. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的[rɪ'məʊt]105. removal n. 除去,消除[rɪ'mu:vl]106. identify vt. 认出,鉴定107. poverty n. 贫穷['pɑ:vərti]108. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的[rɪ'zɪstənt] 109. resolve vt. 解决；决定,决意[rɪ' zɒlv] 110. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价['bɑ:gən] 111. code n. 准则,法规,密码[kəʊd]112. coach n. 教练；长途公共汽车[kəʊtʃ] 113. advertise vt 登广告，做广告; 做宣传['ædvətaɪz] 114. advertisement n广告[əd'vɜ:tɪsmənt] 115. agency n 代理商，经销商['eɪdʒənsi] 116. focus v （使）聚集; n 焦点, 中心,, 聚焦['fəʊkəs] 117. forbid v 禁止,不许[fə'bɪd]118. debate n/v 辩论; 争论[dɪ'beɪt]119. debt n 欠债[det]120. encounter v/n 遭遇;遭到[ɪn'kaʊntə(r)] 121. globe n. 地球,世界；地球仪[gləʊb] 122.global a. 全球的；总的['gləʊbl]123.scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览[skæn]124.scandal n. 丑事,丑闻[' skændl]125.significance n. 意义；重要性[sɪg'nɪfɪkəns]126.virtue n. 美德,优点['vɜ:tʃu:]127.virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的[' vɜ:tʃuəl] 128.target n. 目标,靶子vt. 瞄准['tɑ:gɪt] 129.portable a. 手提式的['pɔ:təbl]130.decline v. 拒绝,谢绝；下降[dɪ'klaɪn] 131.illusion n. 错觉[ɪ'lu:ʒn]132.likelihood n. 可能,可能性['laɪklihʊd] 133.emphasize vt. 强调,着重[' emfəsaɪz] 134.emotion n. 情感,感情[ɪ' məʊʃn]135.emotional a. 感情的,情绪（上）的[ɪ'məʊʃənl] 136.awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的['ɔ:fl] 137.awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的[I'ɔ:kwəd] 138.clue n. 线索,提示[klu:]139.collision n. 碰撞,冲突[kə' lɪʒn]140.device n. 装置,设备[dɪ' vaɪs]141.necessity n. 必需品；必要性[nə'sesəti] 142.previous a. 先前,以前的['pri:viəs]143.pursue vt. 追逐；追求；从事,进行[pə'sju:] 144.substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替['sʌbstɪtju:t] 145.deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得[dɪ' zɜ:v] 146.discrimination n. 歧视；辨别力[dɪ I skrɪmɪ'neɪʃn] 147.professional a. 职业的,专门的[prə' feʃənl] 148.secure a. 安全的,可靠的[sɪ' kjʊə(r)] 149.security n. 安全,保障[sɪ'kjʊərəti]150.talent n. 才能,天资；人才['tælənt] 151.insurance n. 保险,保险费[ɪn'ʃʊərəns] 152.insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保[ɪn'ʃʊə(r)] 153.nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过[I nevəðə'les] 154.neutral a. 中立的,中性的[' nju:trəl] 155. spot n. 地点；斑点vt. 认出,发现；玷污[spɒt] 156. spray v. 喷,（使）溅散[spreɪ]157. media n. 新闻传媒['mi:diə]158. automatic a. 自动的[Iɔ:tə'mætɪk]159. compete vi. 竞争,比赛[kəm'pi:t]160. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的['kɒmpɪtənt] 161. competition n. 竞争,比赛[I kɒmpə'tɪʃn] 162. distribute vt. 分发[dɪ'strɪbju:t]163. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍[dɪ' stɜ:b]164. infer v. 推论,推断[ɪn' fɜ:(r)]165. promote vt. 促进；提升[prə'məʊt]166. region n. 地区；范围；幅度[' ri:dʒən] 167. register v./n.登记,注册['redʒɪstə(r)]168. stable a. 稳定的['steɪbl]169. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的[' splendɪd] 170. cancel vt. 取消,废除['kænsl]171. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣[prɒ'sperəti]172. aspect n. 方面；朝向；面貌['æspekt] 173. cope vi. (with)（成功地）应付,处理[kəʊp] 174. core n. 果心,核心[kɔ:(r)]175. maintain vt. 维持,保持；坚持,主张[meɪn' teɪn] 176. mainland n. 大陆['meɪnlænd]177. discipline n. 纪律；惩罚；学科[' dɪsəplɪn] 178. domestic a. 本国的,国内的；家用的；[də I mestɪk] 179. constant a. 不变的,恒定的n. 常数['kɒnstənt] 180. authority n. 权威；当局[ɔ: 'θɒrəti]181. attitude n. 态度['ætɪtju:d]182. community n. 社区,社会[kə' mju:nəti] 183. commit vt.犯（错误,罪行等）,干（坏事等）[kə' mɪt] 184. comment n./vt. 评论[' kɒment]185. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别[dɪ' stɪŋgwɪʃ] 186. mixture n. 混合,混合物[' mɪkstʃə(r)]187. mood n. 心情,情绪；语气[mu:d]188. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的[' mɒrəl] 189. vivid a. 生动的['vɪvɪd]190. vocabulary n. 词汇（量）；词汇表[və' kæbjələri] 191. strategy n. 战略,策略['strætədʒi]192. strategic a. 战略（上）的,关键的[strə'ti:dʒɪk] 193. tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态[tens] 194. tension n. 紧张（状态）,张力['tenʃn] 195. available a. 现成可用的；可得到的[ə'veɪləbl] 196. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的['kɒmpərəbl] 197. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔[dæʃ]198. data n. 数据,资料[' deɪtə]199. dive vi. 跳水,潜水[daɪv]200 .diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的[daɪ'vɜ:s] 201. regulate vt. 管理,调节[' regjuleɪt]202. release vt./n. 释放,排放；解释解脱[rɪ'li:s] 203. suburb n. 市郊['sʌbɜ:b]204. subway n. 地铁[' sʌbweɪ]205. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测['sɜ:veɪ]206. wealthy a. 富裕的['welθi]207. adjust v. 调整,调节[ə' dʒʌst]208. attach vt. 系,贴；使附属[ə' ætʃ]209. profit n. 利润,益处；v. 有益于,有利于['prɒfɪt] 210. profitable a. 有利可图的[' prɒfɪtəbl] 211. reject vt. 拒绝[rɪ'dʒekt]212. fatal a. 致命的；重大的[' feɪtl]213. fate n. 命运[feɪt]214. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的[ɪ'li:gl]215. award vt. 授予,判给n. 奖品,奖金[ə'wɔ:d] 216. aware a. 意识到，知道的[ə' weə(r)] 217. deaf a. 聋的；不愿听的[def]218. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜['dekəreɪt]219. principle n. 原则,原理[' prɪnsəpl]220. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准[prə' hɪbɪt]221. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的[rɪ'mɑ:kəbl] 222. repetition n. 重复,反复[I repə' tɪʃn]223. undertake vt. 承担,着手做；同意,答应[Iʌndə' teɪk] 224. unique a. 唯一的,独特的[ju' ni:k]225. obstacle n. 障碍（物）,妨碍[Iɒbstəkl]226. omit vt. 省略[ə'mɪt]227. opportunity n. 机会,时机[Iɒpə' tju:nəti]228. terminal a. 末端的,极限的n. 终点['tɜ:mɪnl]229. approximate a. 大概的,大约v. 近似[əI prɒksɪmət]230. architect n. 建筑师['ɑ:kɪtekt]231.entertainment n. 娱乐，招待,款待[ɪn'θju:ziæzəm]232. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心[I entə' teɪnmənt]233. entry n. 进入,入口处；参赛的人（或物）[' entri]234. restraint n. 抑制,限制235. severe a. 严重的[sɪ'vɪə(r)]236. simplicity n. 简单；朴素[sɪm' plɪsəti]237. simplify vt. 简化[' sɪmplɪfaɪ]238. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛['sɒrəʊ]239. stuff n. 原料,材料vt. 填进,塞满[stʌf]240. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的['temprəri]241. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱[temp'teɪʃn]242. terror n. 恐怖['terə(r)]243. treaty n. 条约,协定['tri:ti]244. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生；起身[ə'raɪz]245. arouse vt. 引起,激起；唤醒[ə'raʊz]246. burden n. 重担,负荷['bɜ:dn]247. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的['mæsɪv]248. mature a. 成熟的[mə'tʃʊə(r)]249. maximum a. 最高的,最大的['mæksɪməm]250. minimum a. 最低的,最小的['mɪnɪməm]251. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动['nɒnsns]252. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的['nju:kliə(r)]253. restrict vt. 限制,约束[rɪ'strɪkt]254. sponsor n. 发起者,主办者vt. 发起,主办,资助['spɒnsə(r)]255. twist vt. 使缠绕；转动；扭歪[twɪst]256. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生[Iʌndə'grædʒuət]257. universal a. 普遍的,通用的；宇宙的[I ju:nɪ'vɜ:sl]258. universe n. 宇宙['ju:nɪvɜ:s]259. via prep. 经由,经过,通过['vaɪə]260. virus n. 病毒['vaɪrəs]415. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆[vaɪ'breɪt]261. voluntary a. 自愿的['vɒləntri]262. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自愿（做）[I vɒlən'tɪə(r)] 263. vote v. 选举n. 选票[vəʊt]264. appoint vt. 任命,委派[ə'pɔɪnt]265 appropriate a. 适当的[ə'prəʊpriət]266. approach v. 靠近,接近n. 途径,方式[ə'prəʊtʃ] 267. ceremony n. 典礼,仪式['serəməni]268. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱['keɪɒs]269. discount n. （价格）折扣['dɪskaʊnt]270. display n./vt. 陈列,展览[dɪ'spleɪ]271. fertile a. 肥沃的；多产的['fɜ:taɪl]272. grateful a. 感激的['greɪtfl]273. gratitude n. 感激['grætɪtju:d]274. horror n. 恐怖['hɒrə(r)]275. horrible a. 可怕的['hɒrəbl]276. interpret v. 翻译,解释[ɪn'tɜ:prɪt]277. interpretation n. 解释,说明[ɪn I tɜ:prɪ'teɪʃn] 278. jungle n. 丛林,密林['dʒʌŋgl]279. knot n. 结vt. 把...打成结[nɒt]280. leak v. 漏,渗出[li:k]281. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠[li:n]282. leap vi. 跳跃[li:p]283. modify vt. 修改['mɒdɪfaɪ]284. conservative a. 保守的[kən'sɜ:vətɪv]285. applicant n. 申请人['æplɪkənt]286. conservation n. 保存,保护[I kɒnsə'veɪʃn] 287. powder n. 粉末['paʊdə(r)]288. passion n. ,热情['pæʃn]289. passive a. 被动的,消极的['pæsɪv]290. pat v./n. 轻拍,轻打[pæt]291. peak n. 山峰,顶点[pi:k]292. phenomenon n. 现象[fə'nɒmɪnən]293. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的[rɪ'lʌktənt] 294. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望[rɪ'laɪ]295. relevant a. 有关的,切题的['reləvənt] 296. reliable a. 可靠的[rɪ'laɪəbl]297. relief n. 轻松,宽慰；减轻[rɪ'li:f]298. reputation n. 名气,声誉[I repju'teɪʃn] 299. rescue vt./n. 营救['reskju:]300. signature n. 签名['sɪgnətʃə(r)]301. variation n. 变化,变动[I veəri'eɪʃn]302. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆['vi:əkl]303. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声[ə'plɔ:z]304. appliance n. 器具,器械[ə'plaɪəns]305. consent n. 准许,同意vi (to)准许,同意[kən'sent] 306. conquer vt. 征服['kɒŋkə(r)]307. defect n. 缺点,缺陷['di:fekt]308. delicate a. 易碎的；娇弱的；精美的['delɪkət] 309. evolve v.演变[i'vɒlv]310. evolution n. 演变,进化[I i:və'lu:ʃn]311. frown v./n. 皱眉[fraʊn]312. frustrate vt. 使沮丧[frʌ'streɪt]313. guarantee vt./n. 保证[I gærən'ti:]314. guilty a. 内疚的；有罪的['gɪlti]315. jealous a. 妒忌的['dʒeləs]316. modest a. 谦虚['mɒdɪst]317. molecule n. 分子['mɒlɪkju:l]318. orbit n. 轨道v. （绕...）作轨道运行['ɔ:bɪt] 319. participate v. (in)参与,参加[pɑ: 'tɪsɪpeɪt] 320. particularly ad. 特别,尤其[pə'tɪkjələli] 321. respond vi. 回答,答复；反应[rɪ'spɒnd] 322. response n. 回答,答复；反应[rɪ'spɒns]323. sensible a. 明智的['sensəbl]324. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的['sensətɪv] 325. tremble vi. 颤抖['trembl]326. tremendous a. 巨大的；精彩的[trə'mendəs] 327. trend n. 趋向,倾向[trend]328. trial n. 审讯；试验['traɪəl]329. apparent a. 显然的,明白的[ə'pærənt] 330. appetite n. 胃口；欲望['æpɪtaɪt]331. deposit n. 存款,定金v.存放,储蓄[dɪ'pɒzɪt] 332. deputy n. 副职,代表['depjuti]333. derive vt. 取得,得到；(from)起源于[dɪ'raɪv] 334. descend v. 下来,下降[dɪ'send]335. missile n. 导弹['mɪsaɪl]336. mission n. 使命；代表团['mɪʃn]337. mist n.薄雾[mɪst]338. noticeable a. 显而易见到['nəʊtɪsəbl] 339. notify vt. 通知,告知['nəʊtɪfaɪ]340. notion n. 概念；意图,想法['nəʊʃn] 341. resemble vt. 像,类似于[rɪ'zembl]342. reveal vt. 揭露[rɪ'vi:l]343.revenue n. 收入,岁入；税收['revənju:] 344. shelter n. 掩蔽处；住所['ʃeltə(r)]345. shield n. 防护物,盾vt. 保护,防护[ʃi:ld] 346. vital a. 重要的；致命的,生命的['vaɪtl] 347. vitally ad. 极度,非常；致命地['vaɪtəli] 348. urban a. 城市的['ɜ:bən]349. urge vt. 鼓励,激励[ɜ:dʒ]350. urgent a. 急迫的,紧急得['ɜ:dʒənt]351. usage n. 使用,用法['ju:sɪdʒ]352. violence n 暴力，强力[ˈvaɪələns]353. violent adj 暴力引起的; 剧烈的['vaɪələnt] 354. weed n. 杂草,野草[wi:d]355. welfare n. 福利['welfeə(r)]356. whatsoever ad. （用于否定句）任何[I wɒtsəʊ'evə] 357. whereas conj. 然而,但是,尽管[I weər'æz] 358. essential a. 必不可少的；本质的[ɪ'senʃl] 359. estimate n./vt. 估计,估量['estɪmət]360. evaluate vt. 评估,评价[ɪ'væljueɪt]361 exceed vt. 超过,越出[ɪk'si:d]362. exceedingly ad. 非常,极其[ɪk'si:dɪŋli]363. exclaim v. 呼喊,大声说[ɪk'skleɪm]364. exclude vt. 把...排斥在外,不包括[ɪk'sklu:d] 365. flash vi. 闪光,闪耀[flæʃ]366. flee vi. 逃走[fli:]367. flexible a. 易弯曲的['fleksəbl]368. flock n. 羊群,（鸟兽等）一群；一伙人[flɒk] 369. hardware n. 五金器具['hɑ:dweə(r)]370. harmony n. ,融洽['hɑ:məni]371. haste n. 急速,急忙[heɪst]372. hatred n. 憎恶,憎恨['heɪtrɪd]373. incident n. 事件,事变['ɪnsɪdənt]374. index n. 索引,标志['ɪndeks]375. infect v. 传染[ɪn'fekt]376. inferior a. 劣等的,次的,下级的[ɪn'fɪəriə(r)] 377. ingredient n. 组成部分[ɪn'gri:diənt]378. inhabitant n. 居民[ɪn'hæbɪtənt]379. jail n. 监狱[dʒeɪl]380. joint a.连接的；共同的[dʒɔɪnt]381. junior a. 年少的；资历较浅的['dʒu:niə(r)] 382. laser n. 激光['leɪzə(r)]383. launch vt. 发动,发起[lɔ:ntʃ]384. luxury n. 奢侈；奢侈品['lʌkʃəri]385. magnet n. 磁铁,磁体['mægnət]386. manual a. 用手的,手工做的n. 手册['mænjuəl] 387. manufacture vt./n. 制造,加工[I mænju'fæktʃə(r)] 388. marine a. 海的；海产的[mə'ri:n]389. mutual a. 相互的['mju:tʃuəl]390. naked a. 裸露的['neɪkɪd]391. negative a. 否定的,消极的['negətɪv]392. neglect vt. 忽视,忽略[nɪ'glekt]393. origin n. 起源,出身['ɒrɪdʒɪn]394. outset n. 开始,开端['aʊtset]395. prevail vi. 流行,盛行[prɪ'veɪl]396. quit v. 停止[kwɪt]397. quotation n. 引文,引语[kwəʊ'teɪʃn]398. recreation n. 娱乐活动[I rekri'eɪʃn]399. recruit vt. 招募,吸收（新成员）[rɪ'kru:t] 400. rival n. 竞争对手,敌手['raɪvl]401. shuttle n. 梭子；航天飞机['ʃʌtl]402. skim vt. 搬（去）,掠过；浏览[skɪm]403. sketch n. 草图；梗概[sketʃ]404. slender a. 苗条的,修长的['slendə(r)]405. theme n. 主题[θi:m]406. textile n. 纺织品['tekstaɪl]407. tropical a. 热带的,炎热的['trɒpɪkl]408. kneel vi. 跪[ni:l]409. label n. 标签['leɪbl]410. merchant n 商人/adj商人的; 商业的;['mɜ:tʃənt] 411.mere a. 仅仅的,只不过的；纯粹的[mɪə(r)] 412. numerous a. 众多的,许多的['nju:mərəs] 413. parade n. v. 列队行进[pə'reɪd]414. partial a. 部分的['pɑ:ʃl]415. passport n. 护照['pɑ:spɔ:t]416. prescribe vt. 开药,吩咐采用...疗法[prɪ'skraɪb] 417. primitive a. 原始的,早期的['prɪmətɪv]418. ridiculous a. 可笑的,荒漠的[rɪ'dɪkjələs] 419. rigid a. 严格的；僵硬的['rɪdʒɪd]420. withstand vt. 经受,承受[wɪð'stænd]421. witness n. 目击者；证据vt. 注意到；证明['wɪtnəs]422.withdraw v. 收回,撤销[wɪð'drɔ:]423. slippery a. 滑的['slɪpəri]424. smash vt. 粉碎,打烂[smæʃ]425. snap n./vt. 折断,拉断；快照[snæp]426. software n. 软件['sɒftweə(r)]427. solar a. 太阳的['səʊlə(r)]428. lunar a. 月的,月球的['lu:nə(r)]429. submit vi.(to)屈服,听从[səb'mɪt]430. tissue n. 组织；薄纱,手巾纸['tɪʃu:] 431. drift vi. 漂,漂流[drɪft]432. drip n. 滴[drɪp]433. durable a. 耐用的,持久的['djʊərəbl] 434. duration n. 持续,持续期间[dju'reɪʃn] 435. legislation n. 法律,法规；立法[I ledʒɪs'leɪʃn] 436. leisure n. 闲暇；悠闲['leʒə(r)]437. loose a. 松的,宽松的[lu:s]438. loosen v. 解开,放松['lu:sn]439. faulty a. 有错误的,有缺点的['fɔ:lti]440. favorable a. 称赞道；有利的,顺利的['feɪvərəbl] 441. gallery n. 画廊['gæləri]442. gap n. 间隔,差距[gæp]443. garbage n. 垃圾,废物['gɑ:bɪdʒ]444. gaze v. 凝视,注视[geɪz]445. gene n. 基因[dʒi:n]446. lest conj. 唯恐,免得[lest]447. liable a. 可能的,大概的；(to)易于...的['laɪəbl] 448. liberty n. 自由['lɪbəti]449. license /license n. 许可证,执照['laɪsns] 450. motivate vt. 激励,激发['məʊtɪveɪt]451. motive n. 动机,目的['məʊtɪv]452. generate vt. 生成,产生（光、热、电等）['dʒenəreɪt] 453. genius n. 天才,天赋['dʒi:niəs]454. genuine a. 真的,真诚的['dʒenjuɪn]455. gesture n. 姿势,手势['dʒestʃə(r)]456. giant a. 巨大的n. 巨人,巨物['dʒaɪənt]457. glimpse n. 一瞥,一看[glɪmps]458. glory n. 光荣,荣誉['glɔ:ri]459. glorious n. 光荣的,极好的['glɔ:riəs]460. hostile a. 敌对的,敌意大['hɒstaɪl]461. household n. 家庭,户['haʊshəʊld]462. hook n. 钩[hʊk]463. holy a. 神圣地,圣洁的['həʊli]464.hint n. 暗示,示意[hɪnt]465. hesitate v. 犹豫['hezɪteɪt]466. highlight vt. 强调,突出['haɪlaɪt]467. hence ad. 因此,所以；今后,从此[hens]468.in advance提前附赠资料：教师高效教学的诀窍高效教学,具体应该怎么说呢?我们很难精确地给它下一个定义,但大家都能清晰地感受到它。
风云卫星和MODIS数据及产品说明
本文档共三大部分,分别为:一、modis数据和产品说明二、风云卫星FY-3数据说明三、FY-3A MERSI L1数据产品使用指南一、modis数据和产品说明1.MODIS数据的技术指标2.MODIS数据的波段分布特征3.Modis 命名规则MODIS 文件名的命名遵循一定的规则，通过文件名，可以获得很多关于此文件的详细信息，比如：文件名MOD09A1.A2006001.h08v05.005.2006012234657.hdfMOD09A1 –产品缩写A2006001 –数据获得时间(A-YYYYDDD)h08v05 –分片标示( 水平XX ，垂直YY)005 –数据集版本号2006012234567 –产品生产时间(YYYYDDDHHMMSS) hdf –数据格式(HDF-EOS)Terra卫星数据产品MODIS土地覆盖类型产品包括从每年Terra星数据中提取的土地覆盖特征不同分类方案的数据分类产品。
基本的土地覆盖分为有IGBP（国际地圈生物圈计划）定义的17类，包括11类自然植被分类，3类土地利用和土地镶嵌，3类无植生土地分类。
Modis Terra数据lKM土地覆盖类型年合成栅格数据产品包含5中不同的土地覆盖分类体系。
数据分类来自监督决策树分类方法。
第一类土地覆盖：国际地圈生物圈计划（IGBP）全球植被分类方案；第二类土地覆盖：马里兰大学（UMD）植被分类方案；第三类土地覆盖：MODIS提取叶面积指数/光合有效辐射分量（LAI/fPAR）方案；第四类土地覆盖：MODIS提取净第一生产力（NPP）方案；第五类土地覆盖：植被功能型（PFT）分类方案；本网站提供的为MYD12Q1 V4（第四版本）的分片数据（tile），除提供五类全球土地覆盖分类体系外还提供了陆地覆盖分类评估和质量控制信息。
4.Modis数据级别分类0级产品：指由进机板进入计算机的数据包，也称原始数据(Raw Data);1级产品：指L1A数据，己经被赋予定标参数；2级产品：指L1B级数据，经过定标定位后数据，本系统产品是国际标准的EOS-HDF格式。
EV II
电பைடு நூலகம்类
47 48 - 49 50 51
CPS（Contractor Precision Series）系列功率放大器 P（Precision Series Remote）系列遥控功率放大器 TG（Tour Grade）系列功率放大器 IRIS-Net 音频系统控制软件
成功案例
52 - 53
成功案例
4
1990–EV发明了RMDTM 技术（Ring-Mode Decoupling振铃模态退 耦技术）从而解决了失 真和声染色问题。通过 减少扬声器自身的共振 现象，扬声器系统的分 辨率和清晰度都得到提 高。
2000 – EV发明了话筒上的VOBTM （人声低频音质优化）技术，这 是一项革命性的机械设计，明显 的降低了话筒“近讲效应”，带 来了更清晰的人声和乐器声。 EV还发明了ClearScanTM技术， 这是无线话筒技术中一项革命性 创新，使得在10个UHF通道中可 以自动地、灵敏地选择效果最佳 的通道。
目录
2- 3 4 5
EV历史 目录 索引
扬声器
6- 7 8 - 11 12 - 13 14 - 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 - 21 22 - 24 25 - 26 27 - 28 29 - 30 31 - 32 33 34 - 37 38 - 39 40 41 - 46
EVI Vari Intense® 系列 EVID™ 系列 FRI / FRI+ 系列 FRX / FRX+ 系列 MH系列体育场号筒 PLASMA™ 系列 ZX1i UW30 水下扬声器 ZX5PI Sx 系列 Xi系列 X-Array系列 X-Line系列 XLC系列 XLVC系列 LAPS线阵列预测软件 影院系列 扬声器单元 HP号筒 安装吊挂软件
汽车续航里程标准计算方法
汽车续航里程标准计算方法英文回答：The method for calculating the range of an electric vehicle (EV) is based on various factors, including the battery capacity, efficiency, driving conditions, and driving style. The range is typically measured in terms of miles or kilometers that the vehicle can travel on a single charge.To calculate the range, the first step is to determine the battery capacity of the EV. This information can usually be found in the vehicle's specifications or user manual. For example, if the battery capacity is 50kilowatt-hours (kWh), it means that the battery can store 50 kWh of energy.The next step is to consider the efficiency of the EV. The efficiency is usually expressed in terms of miles per kilowatt-hour (miles/kWh) or kilometers per kilowatt-hour(km/kWh). This value represents how far the vehicle can travel on one unit of energy. For example, if theefficiency is 4 miles/kWh, it means that the vehicle can travel 4 miles on 1 kWh of energy.Once the battery capacity and efficiency are known, the range can be calculated by multiplying the battery capacity by the efficiency. Using the previous examples, if the battery capacity is 50 kWh and the efficiency is 4miles/kWh, the range would be 50 kWh 4 miles/kWh = 200 miles.However, it's important to note that the calculated range is an estimate and may vary in real-world driving conditions. Factors such as temperature, terrain, anddriving style can affect the actual range of an EV. For example, driving at high speeds or in stop-and-go traffic can reduce the range, while driving at a steady pace onflat roads can maximize the range.In addition to the battery capacity and efficiency, some EVs also have features that can help improve the range.These features may include regenerative braking, which converts kinetic energy into electrical energy to recharge the battery, and eco-driving modes, which optimize the vehicle's performance for maximum efficiency. By utilizing these features and adopting a more energy-conscious driving style, EV owners can potentially increase their vehicle's range.中文回答：计算电动车续航里程的方法基于多种因素，包括电池容量、效率、行驶条件和驾驶风格。
IH25手持式RFID读取器
Product Express ■精品推介软件来评估传感器的特性和功能、配置和精调，并提 供可用于进一步图像处理的现成输出。
AR0234C S具有彩色和黑白变体版本，主光角 (CRA)为0°或28°。
样品和开发硬件现由安森美半 导体当地销售支援代表和授权代理商提供。
BT817和BT818图形控制器1C______Bridgetek科技有限公司______为推动人机界面（HMI)开发的进步，Bridgetek 宣布了与屡获殊荣的嵌入式视频引擎（EVE)平台有 关的更多公告。
BT817和BT818作为该公司的第四代 EVE产品，遵循己经确立的口号，即帮助那些没有相 关经验的人构建具有高度差异性的高级HMI。
这些新型功能优越的图形控制器1C旨在用于零 售、数字标牌和办公管理系统，以及公共信息部门、自动售货机、家用电器、商店/商场方向查找系统、培训/教育设备和交互式展览。
它们能够满足在更大 尺寸的显示器上呈现的H M I的要求，并且还提供更高 的分辨率级别。
BT817和BT818适用于1百万像素内的显示，支 持多种分辨率的选择，例如丨920x480、1440x540、1280x800、1024x600、800x600、800M80、480x272 等。
芯片内部有1M字节嵌入式图形RAM,并且可以附加 一个QSPI接口的外部N O R闪存。
由于EVE率先提 出了面向对象的方法，因此不需要将帧缓冲区合并到HM1系统中。
此外，通过利用自适应可伸缩纹理压缩(ASTC)可以降低系统的图形处理开销。
这也意味着可以更好地利用可用的数据存储容量，以便实现更大的项目并交付更具吸引力的H M I内容。
BT818经过优化可与4线电阻式触摸屏配合使用，而BT817则设计为与电容式触摸屏配合使用（具有多点触摸功能，最多可检测5个不同的触摸点）。
可以精确跟踪触摸点的移动，并且可以分配255个不同的触摸标签。
同时调整水平和垂直同步时序的能力意味着可以容纳更多不同显示单元的阵列。
气相色谱-质谱法检测添加在饼干、巧克力、糖果中的△^(9)-四氢大麻酚成分
技术创新27气相色谱-质谱法检测添加在饼干、巧克力.糖果中的-四氢大麻酚成分张启福®®邹晓莉①胡书豪②康伦③①四川大学华西公共卫生学院②四川鼎诚司法鉴定中心③成都海关缉私局本文建立了检测饼干、巧克力、糖果中-四氢大麻酚成分的GC/MS分析方法。
实验过程中优化了色谱条件，并对提取溶剂进行了考察。
样本经溶剂提取离心后，采用DB-17MS毛细管色谱柱程序升温分离，EI离子源、全扫描模式（SCAN）进行检验。
在线性范围内的相关系数R＞0.999,方法检出限为0.15|ig/g,样品加标回收率为82%~105%。
应用本方法成功检出了案件中目标成分，该方法适用于巧克力糖果等复杂食品基质中添加大麻成分的快速鉴定。
大麻有镇静和兴奋功能，在医学上可用作止痛剂，大麻中精神活性最强成分为四氢大麻酚，吸入大麻后会引起心理变化，对时间、空间发生错觉，同时对机体的平衡功能发生损害，滥用严重者还会导致中毒性精神病的发生％近年来，随着 快递行业的快速发展，国际邮政服务的质量与效率显著提升，这不仅给人们的生活带来便利，也推动了国民经济的发展，同时贩毒人员深谙寄递企业的监管漏洞，采取匿名投递、虚实相间等方式大肆进行毒品走私贩卖活动窘但将毒品添加在食品中进行走私贩卖的情况较为少见，且添加在糖果、巧克力中后易流向青少年群体，对社会危害巨大。
已报到的检测&-四氢大麻酚的方法有气相色谱质谱法、反相高效液相色谱法、液相色谱质谱法等X」，上述报道中的方法检测对象主要为尿液、火麻食品等“」。
将毒品加入食品中更具有隐蔽性，而在复杂基质中进行毒品分析具有一定的挑战性。
本文在方法网基础上，对色谱条件和样品前处理条件进行了优化，成功检出了四氢大麻酚成分。
1案例1.1简要案情2018年,四川某海关驻邮局办事处对来自力11拿大的SPS快递包裹查验时发现其中10个包裹异常。
因办案需要，委托方委托我中心对送检检材（见图1）中是否含有四氢大麻酚成分进行检验鉴定。
乳胶枕有害物质研究
高，但还是存在一定的质量安全隐患。
天然乳胶枕产品在其加工成型过程均需要经过 １２０ ℃ 左
右高温蒸汽室进行硫化，温度较高且加热时间较长，工艺中存
在的少量低沸点添加剂、溶剂大部分上都会被除尽，因此一些
挥发性物质如甲醛、苯乙烯、ＴＶＯＣ 残留量较低，甚至未检出。
未检出
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２．３０
未检出
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１．０７
１．３４
０．７７
０．６１
０．５９
０．５７
０．３４
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０．３５
０．３３
１．４１
注：２，６－二叔丁基对甲苯酚检出限为 ０．１ ｍｇ ／ ｋｇ，苯乙烯检出限为
山 东 化 工
ＳＨＡＮＤＯＮＧ ＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬ ＩＮＤＵＳＴＲＹ ２０２１ 年第 ５０ 卷
· １１０·
乳胶枕有害物质研究
刘昌财，魏琳琳，陈仕人，王宇，张欣涛，陈桓，陈秋莉，王涛
（ 福建省产品质量检验研究院，福建 福州 ３５００００）
摘要：通过顶空－气质联用仪、ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ 测试仪等检测手段，制定了乳胶枕中有害物质的检测方法，该方法简单易操作，可为乳胶枕产品提
ｐｉｌｌｏｗ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ． Ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ，ｔｈｅ ｌａｔｅｘ ｐｉｌｌｏｗ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｍａｒｋｅｔ ａｓ ａ ｓａｍｐｌｅ， Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗ ｔｈａｔ ｓｏｍｅ ｌａｔｅｘ ｐｉｌｌｏｗ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓ ｈａｖｅ
EV SCAN 周报说明书
1EV SCAN (Week 41) As of Oct 12, 2023EV SCAN is a weekly report produced by the Enteric and Vector-borne Disease Section of the Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health. It summarises the surveillance findings of local situation of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection.HIGHLIGHTS⏹ The activity of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is at high level in Hong Kong.⏹In Hong Kong, the usual peak season for HFMD and EV71 infection is from May to July. A smaller peak may also occur from October to December.⏹HFMD is a common disease in children usually caused by enteroviruses such as Coxsackieviruses and EV71. EV71 infection is of particular concern as it is more likely to be associated with severe medical complications and even death.LATEST FIGURES IN HONG KONGHFMD (including herpangina) institutional outbreaksTime PeriodNumber reportedThis week, preliminary data (Week 41, Oct 8 to Oct 12) 23 Last week (Week 40, Oct 1 to Oct 7) 22 2023 as of Oct 12190Laboratory confirmed EV71 infectionTime PeriodNumber reportedThis week, preliminary data (Week 41, Oct 8 to Oct 12) 0 Last week (Week 40, Oct 1 to Oct 7) 0 2023 as of Oct 120 Cases with severe complication in 2023 as of Oct 12 0 Fatal cases in 2023 as of Oct 12Severe paediatric enterovirus infection (other than EV71 and poliovirus)Time PeriodNumber reportedThis week, preliminary data (Week 41, Oct 8 to Oct 12) 0 Last week (Week 40, Oct 1 to Oct 7) 0 2023 as of Oct 120 Fatal cases in 2023 as of Oct 12ANNUAL NUMBER OF HFMD OUTBREAKS AND EV71 INFECTION IN HONG KONGYear Number of HFMD (including herpangina) institutional outbreaksPersons affected in HFMD (including herpangina) institutional outbreaksNumber of EV71 casesNumber of EV71 deaths2017 420 2229 49 0 2018 444 2666 62 0 2019 675 3884 6 0 2020 3 10 0 0 2021 0 0 1 0 2022416Note: The Centre for Health Protection has started to use electronic data on diagnosiscoding of patients of the Hospital Authority's General Out-patient Clinics for sentinelsurveillance since January 2020, replacing previous manual data collection.Legend: - - - - - - 2021▬ ▬ ▬ 2022 ▬▬ 20232。
scan产品在农村和小城镇污水监测中的应用1
导率、吸光度、ORP、温度； -- 水质安全预报警：污染物、碳氢污染物。
度、电
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奥地利s::can光谱分析仪器 的技术原理
内部结构
第五页，共42页。
奥地利s::can光谱分析仪器 的技术原理
测量原理
第六页，共42页。
ana::tool – 事件监测方法 ana::larm –在线光谱基础上的报警系统
第七页，共42页。
© s::can Messtechnik GmbH
奥地利s::can光谱分析仪器 的技术特点
1. 即插即测，无需药剂，无二次污染 2. 一机多种参数测量 3. 安装方便，操作简单，最少的维护 4. 稳定运行，正常率高 5. 在线光谱分析：基于指纹图的强大的软件系统，设备运行及纪录
外形
2“ 日光 LCD灯, 字母数字显示, 键盘区, 包括电源 24 V= 或 230 V~, 清洗阀, IP 65
第十九页，共42页。
ammo::lyser –NH4+pH 分析仪
• 通过RS485协议全部整合，没有其他终端 • 钾离子补偿 (4 个电极) • 结合pH 值 (推荐) • 长期稳定，性能卓越的离子选择性传感器 • „离子载体“ (离子选择液膜片) • 自动清洗，结合了压缩空气系统 • 推荐没有检查校准（1分钟）
• 4-6个月简单的膜片更换
• 经过许多国家客户的测试和认可 • 可以选择其他的电极，如氟离子
第二十页，共42页。
溶解氧分析仪 oxi::lyser
测量原理
荧光法
测量范围
0.0 to 25.0 ppm
灵敏度
0.02 ppm
Matrox Solios eV-CL摄像头接口应用指南说明书
Toshiba TELI CSC12M25BMP19 January 26, 20111201Basics about the camera Camera Descriptions▪Effective resolution: 4096 ⨯ 3072 ⨯ 10‐bit @ 25 fps. ▪Camera Link MEDIUM interface (Four tap).▪Progressive scan.▪Internal sync.▪Internal or external exposure control.▪82.5 MHz pixel clock rate.Mode of operations as perMatrox Imaging (in parenthesesas per camera manufacturer)Interface Mode▪Continuous (Free Running)▪Pseudo‐continuous (Random Shutter Mode with Pulse) ▪Asynchronous reset (Random Shutter Mode with Pulse)Basics about the interface modes Camera Interface Briefs Mode 1: Continuous▪4096 ⨯ 3072 ⨯ 10‐bit @ 25 fps.▪Camera Link MEDIUM interface (Four tap).▪Matrox Solios eV‐CL receiving LVAL, FVAL, PCLK (@ 82.5 MHz) and video from camera.▪DCF used: CSC12M25BMP19_4096x3072_10bit4TapCon.DCFMode 2: Pseudo‐continuous▪4096 ⨯ 3072 ⨯ 10‐bit.▪Camera Link MEDIUM interface (Four tap).▪Matrox Solios eV‐CL sending TIMER1 OUT (CC1) signal to camera to initiate andcontrol the exposure.▪Matrox Solios eV‐CL receiving LVAL,FVAL, PCLK (@ 82.5 MHz) and video fromcamera.▪DCF used: CSC12M25BMP19_4096x3072_10bit4TapPcon.DCFToshiba TELI CSC12M25BMP19January 26, 2011 1202Basics about the interface modesCamera Interface Briefs (cont.) Mode 2: Pseudo ‐continuousMode3: Asynchronous reset▪ 4096 ⨯ 3072 ⨯ 10‐bit.▪ Camera Link MEDIUM interface (Four tap).▪ Matrox Solios eV ‐CL receiving external trigger signal.▪ Matrox Solios eV ‐CL sending TIMER1 OUT (CC1) signal to camera to initiate and control the exposure.▪ Matrox Solios eV ‐CL receiving LVAL, FVAL, PCLK (@ 82.5 MHz) and video fromcamera.▪ DCF used: CSC12M25BMP19_4096x3072_10bit4TapAsync.DCFSpecifics about the interface modesCamera Interface Details Mode 1: Continuous▪ Frame rate: Matrox Solios eV ‐CL receives the continuous video from the camera at 25 frames per second.▪ Exposure time: Exposure time is set using the Toshiba TELI Camera Configuration utility. Refer to the camera manual for more information.▪ Camera settings: Set the camera using the TELI Camera Configuration Utility as follows: Mode = Continuous (Free Running)Toshiba TELI CSC12M25BMP19 January 26, 20111203Specifics about the interface modes Camera Interface Details (cont.) Mode 2: Pseudo‐continuous▪Frame rate: The frame rate is determined by the frequency of the TIMER1 OUT (CC1) signal.▪Exposure time: The TIMER1 OUT active duration initiates and controls the exposure time. To modify the exposure time, change the TIMER1 OUT active duration in the DCF using Matrox Intellicam or with the MIL MdigControl() function. Consult the respective manual for more information.▪Camera control settings: Set the camera using the TELI Camera Configuration Utility as follows: Shutter = Random | RTS = Pulse | Trigger Polarity = NegativeMode 3: Asynchronous Reset▪Frame rate: The frame rate is determined by the frequency of the external trigger signal. The period between the external trigger signals must be larger than the frame readout period plus the exposure time.▪Exposure time: Refer to Mode 2: Pseudo‐continuous.▪Camera settings: Refer to Mode 2: Pseudo‐continuous.Cabling details for the interfacemodesCabling RequirementsMode 1 and 2: Continuous and Pseudo‐continuous ▪Cable and Connection: One Mini‐To‐Standard Camera Link cable. Mode 3: Asynchronous Reset▪Cable and Connection: One Mini‐To‐Standard Camera Link cable.▪External trigger: External trigger should be connected to the external auxiliary I/O (connector 0 on Matrox Solios eV‐CL bracket).EXTERNAL AUX. I/O(connector 0) External Trigger SourcePIN NAME PIN NO. PIN NAME PIN NO.P0_OPTO_AUX_IN0 + 15 ← SIGNAL ‐‐P0_OPTO_AUX_IN0 ‐ 09 ← GROUND ‐‐The DCFs mentioned in this application note are also attached (embedded) to this PDF file – use the Adobe Reader’s View File Attachment to access the DCF files. The information furnished by Matrox Electronics System, Ltd. is believed to be accurate and reliable. Please verify all interface connections with camera documentation or manual. Contact your local sales representative or Matrox Sales office or Matrox Imaging Applications at 514‐822‐6061 for assistance. © Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd, 2010‐2011.Matrox Electronic Systems Ltd.1055 St. Regis Blvd.Dorval, Quebec H9P 2T4CanadaTel: (514) 685‐2630Fax: (514) 822‐6273。
一种快速测量白酒中棕榈酸乙酯的方法
一种快速测量白酒中棕榈酸乙酯的方法周海洋;王士敏;于金侠;孙玉玲【摘要】Ethyl palmitate is a pale yellow oily liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, and other organic solvents, and can be prepared by the reaction of palmitic acid and anhydrous ethanol. It has faint aroma of wax, fruit, and cream. In this study, we established a method for the determination of ethyl palmitate in Baijiu(liquor) by GC-MS, which is simple, rapid, with high extraction and recovery rate, strong anti-in-terference ability, good reproducibility, high qualitative and quantitative accuracy. This method can be used to guide production, to provide basis for quality control, and to help improving the quality of Baijiu(liquor).%棕榈酸乙酯为浅黄色油状液体，呈微弱蜡香、果香和奶油香气，不溶于水，溶于醇、醚、丙酮等有机溶剂，可由棕榈酸和无水乙醇反应制得。
本研究建立了白酒中棕榈酸乙酯的GC-MS检测方法，此方法操作简便，快速，萃取率和回收率高，抗干扰能力强，重现性良好，定性定量准确，能够快速指导生产，为质量控制提供依据，有助于白酒品质的提高。
脂肪酸酰胺
聚乙烯包装材料中脂肪酸酰胺的测定方法-气相色谱/质谱法摘要：使用气相色谱/质谱法（GC / MS）开发了一种测定聚乙烯包装膜中脂肪酸酰胺的新方法。
比较了液液萃取法，索氏提取法，超声波辅助提取法和加压溶剂萃取法（PSE），结果表明，加压溶剂萃取法是提取这些化合物的最好的方法。
萃取后，用氮气吹溶剂，然后进行三氟乙酸酐衍生操作。
利用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱的GC / MS方法对衍生物进行定性和定量。
保留时间分别为十六烷酸酰胺衍生物6.20min，硬脂酰胺衍生物8.56min，芥酸酰胺衍生物8.84min，油酸酰胺衍生物13.68min。
检出限分别为61.0ng g-1，分别为74.0 ng g-1，103.0 ng g-1和105.0 ng g-1,而且线性很好。
该方法应用于测定不同类型的聚乙烯样品中的化学物质是令人满意的。
关键词：脂肪酸酰胺、气相色谱/质谱法、加压溶剂萃取法、衍生1.前言润滑剂，如脂肪酸酰胺用于PE膜生产过程使其表面润滑，可减少挤出，注塑和压塑过程中的摩擦系数。
通常脂肪酸酰胺的含量在聚合物中是很低；其浓度为1％至百分之几，这取决于聚合物的种类和加工条件。
根据欧盟指示2007/42/EC，脂肪酸酰胺的总迁移量的限定范围是2 mg/dm2。
脂肪酸酰胺是不溶于油，疏水性且难挥发的化合物，这些特性表明它很难进行提取和检测。
习惯上，聚合物中脂肪酸酰胺的提取是通过索氏提取，超声波辅助提取，超临界流体萃取。
由于脂肪酸酰胺不溶于大多数溶剂，在提取过程中的溶剂的选择是一个关键步骤。
有研究表明，润滑剂有潜在的毒性，会导致皮肤刺激性并且芥酸酰胺容易水解成芥酸，它会损伤心脏。
由于聚乙烯薄膜广泛应用在食品和医疗包装，对聚合物中脂肪酸酰胺的分析具有十分重要的意义。
近年来，已经有一些重点分析脂肪酸酰胺的研究，例如，Mir Ali Farajzadeh利用高效液相色谱法和气相色谱法来测定润滑油和评估分析聚乙烯的实际样品，Alvaro Garrido-Lopez在测定聚乙烯（PE）膜中润滑剂时比较了三种气相色谱相。
不同果肉类型番石榴果实香气比较
不同果肉类型番石榴果实香气比较李莉梅;静玮;袁源;李积华;高爱平;李国鹏【摘要】果实香气是重要的果实性状之一,利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用技术比较了红肉型‘四季桃’和白肉型‘珍珠桃’番石榴果实中的挥发性组分差异.在不同果肉类型的番石榴果实中检测到40种挥发性物质,其中酯类物质种类最多,其次为醛类和醇类物质.红肉型‘四季桃’番石榴果实挥发性物质种类要多于白肉型‘珍珠桃’果实,尤其酯类物质的种类和相对含量均较白肉型果实高.白肉型番石榴果实中主要以醇醛类挥发性物质为主(84％),而红肉型番石榴果实中醇醛类物质含量为69％,酯类物质相对含量为24.37％.己醛和2-己烯醛为两种果肉类型番石榴果实中重要的醛类物质,乙酸-3-己烯酯则是重要的酯类物质.酯类挥发性物质在不同品种果实中相对含量的不同是导致果实香气类型不同的重要原因.【期刊名称】《广东农业科学》【年(卷),期】2014(041)015【总页数】5页(P89-92,106)【关键词】果实颜色;番石榴;酯类物质;挥发性物质【作者】李莉梅;静玮;袁源;李积华;高爱平;李国鹏【作者单位】湛江师范学院广东高校边缘热带特色植物工程技术开发中心,广东湛江524048;中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广东湛江524001;中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广东湛江524001;中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广东湛江524001;中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571737;湛江师范学院广东高校边缘热带特色植物工程技术开发中心,广东湛江524048;中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所,广东湛江524001【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S661.2作为重要的果实品质性状，果实香气不仅能客观地反映不同果实的风味特点及成熟程度，还能引导消费观念[1]。
果实香气的相关研究始于20世纪60年代，迄今为止，关于香气组分鉴定、生物合成途径及影响因子等方面已有大量的报道文献[2]。
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1
Surveillance trends in Hong Kong
2007
2008
2009
Figure 1. No. of EV71 cases since 2007 2007
Figure 2. HFMD outbreaks in institutions since 2007 2007
No. of Institutional HFMD outbreak
2009
^ Statistics on HFMD also includes herpangina 疱 * Preliminary data for this week
2009 2009
Number of case(s) with severe complication in 2009 Number of fatal case(s) in 2009
Latest case reporting in Hong Kong
HFMD institutional outbreaks^ ^
Number reported this week (Week 25)*பைடு நூலகம்
( 25 )*
EV71 infections
0 1 49 Number reported this week (Week 25)*
30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Proportion of CCC with HFMD case
No. of HFMD per 1000 consultation
No. of hospital inpatients of HFMD
16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0%
Figure 5. HFMD sentinel surveillance among general practitioners since 2007 2007
EV SCAN (WEEK 25)
௬ං
As of June 18, 2009 2009 6 18
EV SCAN is a weekly report produced by the Enteric and Vector-Borne Disease Office of the Centre for Health Protection. It summarizes the surveillance findings of local Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) and Enterovirus (EV) 71 infection. 衞 71
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
* Preliminary data for this week
2
2009
Annual number of HFMD outbreaks and EV71 cases in Hong Kong
Year
Number of HFMD institutional outbreaks (persons affected) ^ ( )
159 (1046) 90 (656) 236 (1744) 157 (1081) 167 (967)
Highlights
EV71 infection has become a statutory notifiable disease in Hong Kong since March 6, 2009. The recent activity of HFMD and EV71 infection decreased as shown by surveillance data. According to past years’ trend, the usual peak season for HFMD and EV71 infection is from May to July. HFMD is a common disease in children and may not necessarily be caused by EV 71. EV71 infection is of particular concern as it is more likely to be associated with severe complications and even death.
( ( 25 24 )* )
0 0 20 0 0
Number reported last week (Week 24)
( 24 )
Number reported last week (Week 24) Total number reported in 2009
Total number reported in 2009
Number of EV71 cases
Number of EV71 cases with severe complication
Number of fatal cases
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
35 8 16 12 98
疱
0 0 1 0 8
0 0 0 0 1
^Statistics on HFMD also includes herpangina
3.5
No. of HFMD per 1000 consultation
Figure 6. HFMD sentinel surveillance among general outpatient clinics since 2007 2007
0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00
14 No. of EV71 cases 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Figure 3. No. of hospital inpatients of HFMD since 2007 2007
Figure 4. HFMD sentinel surveillance based at child care centres since 2007 2007