定语从句入门

定语从句入门一. 概念:He is （a good sudent）——→（表语）主语谓语动词形容词作定语The boy under the tree likes playing football主语介词短语作定语谓语动词宾语This is the boy good at playing football主语谓语动词表语形容词短语作定语The boy called Tom has finished his homework.主语过去分词作定语谓语动词宾语The students sitting in the classroom are having an English lesson.主语现在分词作定语谓语动词宾语(He is the boy )→（主句）（who often goes to school late.）先行词关系词句子做定语→定语从句二. 原则a.定语从句一般跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。

b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。

c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分.三、引导定语从句的关系词指代人（先行词是“人”）who，whom，that指代事物（先行词是“物”）which，that, as所属关系（译成“先行词的”）whose，of which指地点（介词+先行词）where=介词+which (注意：有的介词+which 不等于where)指时间(介词+先行词) when=介词+which (注意：有的介词+which 不等于when)指原因(for+先行词the reason) why=for which指方式（in +先行词the way）that= 不填= in which注意：1、关系代词that 不引导非限定性定语从句。

2、引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有when,where。

3、关系副词why 不能引导非限定性定语从句。

4、Which/who在非限定性从句中作宾语时不可省略。

5、whom在非限定性定语从句中作宾语时不可用that或who 替代。

四、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that，不用which.1、先行词是all,little,much,something,anything 等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。

All ______ can be done has been done.Do you have anything ________ you don‟t understand ?2、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。

This is the best TV _______ is made in China.The first museum _______ he visited inChinawas theHistoryMuseum.3、先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。

I‟ve read all the books ________ you lent me.Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject.4、先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .They talked of things and persons _______ happened in the school.5、主句是who,which开头的特殊疑问句，引导定语从句用that 。

Who is the man ______ came this morning ?Which is the bag ______ you lost ?6、先行词被the very ,the only 所修饰时，引导定语从句用that。

He is the very person ______ the police are looking for.This is the only thing ______ I can remember.五、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。

He made the same mistakes again ,_____ made his parents very angry.Mr Smith,_______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。

This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.六、注意：如何判断介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配The girl _____ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend .2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.3、根据先行次判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The rate ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.This is our classroom ,_______________ which there is a teacher‟s desk.4、名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whomTen persons died in the accident ,5 of _______ are women.There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished ,and the other of _______ is not quite.I have a sentence , the meaning of _______ I don‟t underst and.介词加关系代词的定语从句介词放在关系词前面时，关系词不能用that或who。

可根据情况用which, whom, whose, where。

注意关系词及介词的选择和使用。

介词+which;或介词+whom 在高考中是热点也是难点,都可以换成the+noun of+which ;the+noun of+whomThis is the student of whom we are proud.(be proud of 是词组)I want to find the very pen with which I wrote this letter.Mr Gao, in whose office I have worked for 10 years, is an old experienced teacher.The boy was hidden behind the door, from where he watched us secretly.The house the windows of which were damaged has now been repaired指时间通常at;on; by; during (which)指地点通常用at; in ;by; behind(which)指原因通常用for which指方式通常用with; by; in(which)例1.In the dark street, there wasn‟t a single person ___ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whomturn to somebody for help 是“求助于…” 答案为D.例2.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ___ hadn‟t been cleaned for at least a year.A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which该定语从句的先行词是windows, 关系词在定语从句中做介词宾语，用which，that 不能与介词连用。

答案为D.例3In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ___ many people have gone home.A. whose timeB. thatC. on whichD. by which time答案为D.选项七. as 作为关系代词，习惯上用于下列词组：the same....as such ...as as ... as as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, ...We are facing the same problem as we did years ago.注：1、as与which在代替句子时的用法区别：先行词是整个句子时，关系词用as或whichas引导的从句可放在主句的句首，句中或句尾，翻译成：正如常用在以下搭配中：as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected。

which引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾。

翻译成：这（= and this ）He is often late,________ makes his teacher very angry.______ we all know ,the earth goes aroud the sun.2、as 引导的定语从句与that引导的结果状语从句区别。

This is so large a stone ______ no one can lift it .This is so large a stone ______ no one can lift .八. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别在于:1. 定语从句相当于形容词作定语，对先行词加以限制或修饰，连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分。