英汉翻译之增词法(课堂PPT)
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4-增词法和省略法.ppt.Convertor
英汉翻译中的增词与减词1、增补词语Amplification英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不同，翻译时不仅可以将词类转译，又可以在词量上进行增减。
按照英语的表达方式，有些词是有其意而无其形的，这种情况在译成汉语时就要增补一些词语，使之符合汉语的表达方式，从而更加通顺地表达原文的思想内容。
当然这种增补不能无中生有，凭空杜撰，而要有一定的根据。
Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability.1.读书服务于乐趣，服务于文采，服务于才干。
2. 读书可以使人从中获得乐趣，可以给人添加文采，可以使人增加才干。
3. 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。
（王佐良）(1) 增补潜在词I began the book yesterday. 昨天我开始读（写）这本书。
The new American Secretary of State has proposed a world conference on food supplies. 美国新任国务卿建议（召开）世界食品资源问题会议。
(2) 增补省略的词1. What an idea?2. What a day!3. “I will make a man of him.”“我要把他培养成一个堂堂的男子汉。
4. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。
5. Such is war: to the victor, the spoils; to the defeated, the costs.战争就是如此：胜利者获得战利品，战败者遭受损失。
(3) 不及物动词增补宾语1. He never drinks before driving. 他开车前从不喝酒。
2. Before liberation, his mother lived on washing. 解放前，他妈妈靠洗衣为生。
英语翻译增词法ppt课件
美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
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Sino –British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational cultural, defense ，science and technology.
直译：中英联系成倍增加—政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技。 增译：中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系 成倍增加。
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Don’t get angry. I’m just making fun of you.
不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.
一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。
Make a stop and have a rest.
停一下，歇一会儿。
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增加承上启下的词 Rain or shine, I’ll go there.
雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。
We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule, so have they.
我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成了他们的工作。
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We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己， 谈到前途， 谈到旅程， 谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情 况，——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
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2). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
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Sino –British links have multiplied—political, commercial, educational cultural, defense ，science and technology.
直译：中英联系成倍增加—政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技。 增译：中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技方面的联系 成倍增加。
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Don’t get angry. I’m just making fun of you.
不要生气嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.
一轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。
Make a stop and have a rest.
停一下，歇一会儿。
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增加承上启下的词 Rain or shine, I’ll go there.
雨也罢，晴也罢，我都要去那。
We have fulfilled our work ahead of schedule, so have they.
我们提前完成了我们的工作，他们也提前完成了他们的工作。
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We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己， 谈到前途， 谈到旅程， 谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情 况，——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
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2). He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
汉译英增词和减词PPT课件
• 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 • I am very glad to have received your writing. • 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 • He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. • 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 • After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
•教学目的要求：在汉译英中能熟练使用增词 法和减词法的翻译技巧。 •教学重点：增词法和减词法（代词和连词） •教学难点：汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。
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• 一、为了保证语法结构的完整：
• 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名 词前都没有代词，需要增补。
•1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 •Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. •2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 •So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be
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• 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。
• 文中暗含的意思：
•1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 •Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. •2．要提倡顾全大局。 •We should advocate the spirit
•教学目的要求：在汉译英中能熟练使用增词 法和减词法的翻译技巧。 •教学重点：增词法和减词法（代词和连词） •教学难点：汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。
第1页/共23页
• 一、为了保证语法结构的完整：
• 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名 词前都没有代词，需要增补。
•1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 •Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. •2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 •So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be
第8页/共23页
• 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。
• 文中暗含的意思：
•1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 •Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. •2．要提倡顾全大局。 •We should advocate the spirit
Lecture 3 增词法 优质课件
中国经济现在还处于落后状态。
The war boom in the United States of America was only temporary.
美国的战争景气，仅仅是一时的现象。
This transfer continues until a uniform temperature is reached.
一、英译汉时的增词
词汇 语法 逻辑 修辞 文化
词汇方面的增词
1. 添加表示具体范畴的词汇 英语中常用一些含有动作意义的名词、形容词 ，或抽象名词表示具体概念，翻译时需增加“ 原理”、“状态”、“现象”等词，以使汉语 更加流畅。 China's economy is still backward.
增加的词语是译文中在句法上、语义上、修辞 上或搭配习惯上不可或缺的词语。
英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的需要，译 出原文所省略的词语，增添必要的连接词、量词或 复数概念，表现不同的时态或先后顺序，或从修辞 连贯方面考虑，使译文的遣词造句符合汉语的表达 习惯。
汉译英的增词主要是使译文符合英语的语法结 构和表达习惯，常增添代词、冠词、介词语动词的时体比汉语（着、了、过）丰富得多 ，有一些时体在汉语中无法采用动词对应的方式， 而必须借助添词的手段。
We have been expecting you.
我们一直在期盼您的到来。
I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.
To attract foreign investment, the United States must offer higher interest rate, adding to domestic borrowing and financing costs, which boost inflation.
The war boom in the United States of America was only temporary.
美国的战争景气，仅仅是一时的现象。
This transfer continues until a uniform temperature is reached.
一、英译汉时的增词
词汇 语法 逻辑 修辞 文化
词汇方面的增词
1. 添加表示具体范畴的词汇 英语中常用一些含有动作意义的名词、形容词 ，或抽象名词表示具体概念，翻译时需增加“ 原理”、“状态”、“现象”等词，以使汉语 更加流畅。 China's economy is still backward.
增加的词语是译文中在句法上、语义上、修辞 上或搭配习惯上不可或缺的词语。
英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的需要，译 出原文所省略的词语，增添必要的连接词、量词或 复数概念，表现不同的时态或先后顺序，或从修辞 连贯方面考虑，使译文的遣词造句符合汉语的表达 习惯。
汉译英的增词主要是使译文符合英语的语法结 构和表达习惯，常增添代词、冠词、介词语动词的时体比汉语（着、了、过）丰富得多 ，有一些时体在汉语中无法采用动词对应的方式， 而必须借助添词的手段。
We have been expecting you.
我们一直在期盼您的到来。
I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.
To attract foreign investment, the United States must offer higher interest rate, adding to domestic borrowing and financing costs, which boost inflation.
增词法 增译法PPT教学课件
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。
2) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判
决他儿子有罪。
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5.增加概括词
概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并 没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往往可以加入“两 人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等 概括词，同时省略掉英语中的连接词。
速度快，可靠性强是电子计算机的主要优点。
3)It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill. 事情往往是这样，失却之物，方知珍惜；生了
他一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
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4. 增加名词
A. 在不及物动词后增加名词 由于英语中有及物动词和不及物动词之分，有时宾语隐 藏在动词后面，翻译成汉语时需要把宾语补充出来。
1)To do some shopping买东西 2)To do some washing 洗衣服
3) He began to see things and to understand.
病才知道健康之可贵。
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3. 增加副词
根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定的场合可增加适 当的副词，以确切表达原意。 1) After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away.
雷雨过后，乌云渐渐散去。
2) Now and then, his boots shone.
2) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.
他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判
决他儿子有罪。
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5.增加概括词
概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并 没有出现概括词，而翻译的时候却往往可以加入“两 人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等 概括词，同时省略掉英语中的连接词。
速度快，可靠性强是电子计算机的主要优点。
3)It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill. 事情往往是这样，失却之物，方知珍惜；生了
他一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
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4. 增加名词
A. 在不及物动词后增加名词 由于英语中有及物动词和不及物动词之分，有时宾语隐 藏在动词后面，翻译成汉语时需要把宾语补充出来。
1)To do some shopping买东西 2)To do some washing 洗衣服
3) He began to see things and to understand.
病才知道健康之可贵。
5
3. 增加副词
根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定的场合可增加适 当的副词，以确切表达原意。 1) After the thunderstorm, the clouds melted away.
雷雨过后，乌云渐渐散去。
2) Now and then, his boots shone.
第二讲增词法和省略法PPT课件
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Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese
Translation增词法在汉英翻译中的运用
搭配性增词
增词法
结构性增词
解释性增词
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搭配性增词
定义
搭配性增词的产生是因为英语和汉语词类不对称所致。如 汉语中存在的量词、助词和语气词等是英语中没有的，在 翻译过程中要根据情况添加。这类增词不影响内容，主要 考虑搭配习惯，故称为搭配性增词。
• Something about music and a coffee break in the afternoon. • 像放背景音乐啦，下午安排工间喝咖啡休息时间什么的。
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3） Supplying Words of Generalization 增加概括词
• Sino-British links have multiplied—— political, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and technology.
• 中英两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技等领域的 交往成倍地增加。
• The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
• 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的成就。 • The principal functions that may be performed by vacuum
一棵树
• a flower 一朵花
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Two Bills When Bill Clinton and Bill Gates played golf on Martha’s Vineyard a few years ago, they didn’t click. The President gave Gates a heavy dose of the Clinton treatment, oozing charm and seeking emotional common ground in the fact that both had recently lost their mothers. Clinton must have been disappointed by the cool response of Gates, who saw the subject as unduly personal. Gates, for his part, was put off that Clinton didn’t engage him on his favorite topic, technology. When the golfing ended, the two men went their separate ways. Gates didn’t take sides in the Clinton-Dole election a couple of years later. Clinton let his Justice Department pursue a potentially devastating antitrust lawsuit against Microsoft.
But Clinton and Gates are remarkably alike in other ways, particularly in their flaws. Both have almost limitless drive and self-absorption and a willingness to push the rules to the edge—or pass it—to get what they want. When called to account, both have been dismissive of the legal process and have had a strained relationship with the truth. These qualities have landed both men in similar binds: Clinton is waiting to hear if he will be removed from office; Gates is fending off the Justice Department’s effort to rein in, or even carve up, Microsoft. Their flaws will take center stage this week, as both men mount defenses in their respective trials.
It’s not hard to see why these two larger-than-life figures—one is the world’s most powerful man, the other is the richest—didn’t become fast friends: the two Bills are as different as the two ends of the babyboom generation they represent. Clinton, who entered college in 1964, is dripping with Sixties values: a John F. Kennedy-style belief in public service as a calling; an Age-of-Aquarius focus on emotional connection; and a countercultural streak of sex, drugs, and rock ‘n’ roll. Gates, who came of age in the 1970s, has a Watergateyear detachment from politics, a mind-set more megeneration than “love-in”, and a passion for the great revolutionary force of his own decade: the personal computer.
Both men found their callings early. Clinton was elected a senator at Boys Nation at 16. On a Washington field trip that year, he shook hands with President Kennedy—an ironic moment captured in a photo. After Yale Law School and a Rhodes Scholarship, Clinton, at 32, became governor of Arkansas. The single-minded rise to political power is a timeless story, but Clinton’s came with the distinctive trappings of his era: the scruffy beard and antiwar protests while at Oxford, the experiment with pot, the civil rights movement sensibility and the feminist wife who kept her name—at least initially.
Amplification 增词法
教学内容：
1.Байду номын сангаас当增添的必要性 2.增词法在英汉翻译中的运用
Warming-up Activity
❖ Read the passage “Two Bills” and discuss in groups how to translate the underlined sentences.