湖南省长沙市一中高三第三次模拟考试13
届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期第三次阶段测试语文(详细答案版) -- 人教版高三总复习
1.下列关于原文内容的表述,不正确的一项是
A.近几年网络文艺异军突起,各种网络文艺形式百花齐放,呈现出巨大的市场生命力,已经抢占了传统文艺市场。
B.网络文艺是指具有网络精神的文艺作品,其中包括在互联网上传播的传统文艺作品或以数字化形式进行生产创作,并在互联网上进行传播的文学和艺术作品。
届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期第三次阶段测试语文
试题预览
届湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期第三次阶段测试语文
一、现代文阅读
阅读下面的文字,完成问题。
近几年网络文艺异军突起,网络小说、网络自制剧、网络大电影、网络综艺、网络游戏、网络动漫等呈现巨大的市场生命力,正抢占传统文艺市场。
然而,相对于发展了几十年甚至上百年的传统文艺,网络文艺还是一个新概念,无论是业界还是学界仍未给出一个权威的统一清晰的界定,更别提系统科学的研究了。有学者从广义上归纳网络文艺的内涵,认为网络文艺是指具有网络精神的文艺作品,因此只要具备一定互联网因素的文艺作品都可以称为网络文艺,其中包括在互联网上传播的传统文艺作品;也有学者把网络文艺狭义地理解为以数字化形式进行生产创作,并在互联网上进行传播的文学和艺术作品。对于网络文艺与传统文艺之间的关联更是仁者见仁,智者见智。一种说法认为,网络文艺是传统文艺在网络上的延伸,旨在强调传统文艺与网络文艺都为文艺,即文艺本质论;另一种说法认为,网络文艺是传统文艺的补充,旨在强调网络文艺能够传达传统文艺之外的内容,丰富文艺的表现方式;还有一种说法认为,网络文艺完全独立于传统文艺之外,旨在强调网络文艺是一种基于网络技术语言的多媒介因素相互渗透而形成的新型文艺,与传统文艺有着天然的鸿沟。这些观点尽管具有一定合理性,但仍有失偏颇。因为网络文艺和传统文艺之间既存在天然的有机联系,又具有本质区别。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考卷(三)英语
长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷(三)英语时量: 120 分钟满分: 150 分得分: 第一部分听力(共两节, 满分30 分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5 小题;每小题1 . 5 分, 满分7 . 5 分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A ·19 . 15 .B ·9 . 18 .C ·9 . 15 .答案是C。
1 . where is the woman probably from?A.per u.B.B r i t ai n . C . M exi c o .2 . what will the man do tonight?A. Attend a party.B. Reply to an invitation.C. play football ·3 . what does the woman think of her old roommate?A. selfish.B. Thoughtful.C. careful.4 . what should the city do according to the woman?A. create more jobs.B . Improve the air quality.C. close some businesses .5 . what are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Their daily routine .B. Their dormitory.C. The weather .第二节 (共15 小题;每小题1 . 5 分, 满分22 . 5 分)听下面5 段对话或独白。
7956长沙市一中高三三月质检试题
长沙市一中高三三月质检试题化学试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
满分为108分,考试时间为90分钟。
考生将答案填入答题卡中方有效。
相对原子质量:H-1 O-16 Cl-35.5 Cu-64 N-14 Fe-56 S-32 Ba-137 P-31 Zn-65 第Ⅰ卷选择题(共18个小题,每小题3分,共54分)一、选择题(每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.关于工业接触法制硫酸的说法正确的是A.由于SO2被氧化成SO3的反应为气体体积缩小的反应,所以硫酸工厂通常采用高压B.SO2氧化反应在400℃~500℃下进行,是因为高温有利于提高SO2的转化率C.接触室里热交换器的主要功能是把反应放出的热量传递给需要预热的反应混合气体D.由于硫酸厂对环境的污染,故应远离消费中心2.下列叙述中错误的是A.SiO2是光导纤维的主要成份B.氧化铝陶瓷、氮化硅陶瓷都是主要的高温结构陶瓷C.制造蓝色玻璃加入的物质是Co2O3,它可以滤去焰色反应中由钠元素产生的黄光D.石灰石、高岭石、石英和水晶的主要成份都是SiO23.俄罗斯科学家发现了质量数为289的114号元素,用Uuq表示该元素。
原子R比289Uuq 原子核中质子数少103,则关于R的下列判断正确的是A.它的质子数为103 B.它位于周期表第七周期C.它位于周期表第ⅠA族D.它有很强的氧化性4.相同温度下,下列实验过程中,溶液的浓度和质量始终不变的是A.向浓氨水中持续通入干燥洁净的空气(已除去CO2)B.向KNO3饱和溶液中加入n g KNO3晶体C.向98.3%浓H2SO4中加入n g SO3D.向CuSO4饱和溶液中加入n g无水CuSO45.在温度一定时,用水稀释0.1mol · L – 1氨水时,溶液中随着水量的增加而减小的是A.c (OH–) / c (NH3 · H2O) B.c (NH3 · H2O) / c (OH–)C.c (H + )和c (OH–)的乘积D.OH–的物质的量6.将CO2持续通入下列八种饱和溶液:①Na2CO3②Na2SiO3③NaAlO2④C6H5ONa⑤Ca(ClO)2⑥CaCl2⑦NH3和NaCl ⑧Ca(OH)2,最终能得到沉淀或析出晶体的是A .②⑤⑧B .⑤⑧⑥C .①②③④⑦D .②③④⑧7.最近,美国Lawrece Lirermore 国家实验室(LINL)的V ·Lota ·C ·S ·Yoo 和H ·cyrnn 成功地在高压下将CO 2转化为具有类似SiO 2结构的原子晶体,下列关于CO 2的原子晶体说法正确的是A .在一定条件下,CO 2原子晶体转化为分子晶体是物理变化B .CO 2的原子晶体和CO 2分子晶体具有相同的物理性质和化学性质C .在CO 2的原子晶体中,每个C 原子结合4个O 原子,每个O 原子结合两个C 原子D .CO 2的原子晶体和分子晶体互为同分异构体8.下列事实能证明碳的非金属性比硅强的是 ①Na 2SiO 3+CO 2+2H 2O === H 4SiO 4↓+Na 2CO 3 ②SiO 2+2C 高温Si+2CO ↑ ③Na 2CO 3+SiO 2高温Na 2SiO 3+CO 2↑ ④CH 4比SiH 4稳定 A .①②③④ B .②③ C .③④ D .①④ 9.根据下列实验事实,得出的结论正确的是A .某试液 产生黄色沉淀,证明原试液中有I –B .某试液 溶液显红色,证明原试液一定是碱C .某试液(浓溶液) 无明显现象 有红棕色气体放出,说明原试液中含有NO 3 -D .某试液 无明显现象未变蓝,则原溶液中一定不存在NH 4+10.将a mL NO 、b mL NO 2、 x mL O 2的气体混合于同一试管里,将试管倒插入水中,充分反应后试管内气体全部消失,则x 对a 、b 的函数关系式x=f(a,b)是 A .(a +b )/2 B .(2a +b )/3 C .(3a +b )/4 D .(4a+b )/511.将32.1gNH 4Cl 固体与过量Ca(OH)2固体共热,放出的气体全部被含39.2g 溶质的磷酸溶液吸收,此时生成的盐是A .NH 4H 2PO 4B .(NH 4)2HPO 4C .(NH 4)3PO 4D .NH 4H 2PO 4和(NH 4)2HPO 412.据报道,某地一辆满载砒霜的大货车翻下山坡,滑下河道,部分砒霜散落到河水中。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2021届高三月考试卷(三)数学试题
长沙市一中2021届高三月考试卷(三)数学时量:120分钟 满分:150分一、单项选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求.)1.已知集合{}2450A x x x =--<,{}1,0,1,2,3,5B =-,则A B ⋂=( )A.{}1,0-B.{}1,0,1-C.{}0,1,2D.{}0,1,2,32.设复数z 满足()12z i +=,i 为虚数单位,则复数z 的虚部是( ) A.1B.-1C.iD.i -3.四名同学各掷一枚骰子5次,分别记录每次骰子出现的点数,根据下面四名同学的统计结果,可以判断出一定没有出现点数6的是( )(注:一组数据1x ,2x ,…,n x 的平均数为x ,它的方差为()()()2222121n s x x x x x x n ⎡⎤=-+-++-⎢⎥⎣⎦)A.平均数为2,方差为2.4B.中位数为3,众数为2C.平均数为3,中位数为2D.中位数为3,方差为2.84.我国著名数学家华罗庚先生曾说:“数缺形时少直观,形缺数时难入微,数形结合百般好,隔裂分家万事休.”在数学的学习和研究中,常用函数的图象来研究函数的性质,也常用函数的解析式来琢磨函数的图象的特征,则函数()441x x f x =-的图象大致是( )A. B. C. D.5.某公司安排甲、乙、丙、丁4人去上海、北京、深圳出差,每人仅出差一个地方,每个地方都需要安排人出差.若不安排甲去北京,则不同的安排方法共有( ) A.18种B.20种C.24种D.30种6.如图是由等边AIE △和等边KGC △构成的六角星,图中B ,D ,F ,H ,J ,L 均为三等分点,两个等边三角形的中心均为O ,若OA OL OC λμ=+,则λμ-的值为( )A.23D.17.已知双曲线22221x y a b-=(0a >,0b >)的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F ,圆2222x y a b +=+与双曲线在第一象限和第三象限的交点分别为A ,B ,四边形21AF BF 的周长p 与面积p =离心率为( )C.2D.38.已知函数,()f x 满足()()f x f x =-,且当(],0x ∈-∞时,()()0f x xf x '+<成立,若()()0.60.622a f =⋅,()()ln2ln2b f =⋅,2211log log 88c f ⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系是( ) A.a b c >>B.c b a >>C.a c b >>D.c a b >>二、多项选择题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得3分,有选错的得0分.) 9.下列说法正确的有( )A.两个随机变量的线性相关性越强,则相关系数r 的绝对值越接近于0B.()()2121E X E X +=+,()()2141D X D X +=+C.设随机变量ξ服从正态分布()0,1N ,若()1P p ξ>=,则()1112P p ξ-<<=-D.甲、乙、丙、丁4个人到4个景点旅游,每人只去一个景点,设事件A =“4个人去的景点各不相同”,事件B =“甲独自去一个景点”,则()29P A B = 10.已知函数()sin ,sin cos ,cos ,sin cos ,x x x f x x x x ⎧≥⎪=⎨<⎪⎩则下列说法正确的是( )A.()f x 的值域是[]0,1B.()f x 是以π为最小正周期的周期函数C.()f x 在区间3,2ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递增 D.()f x 在[]0,2π上有2个零点 11.如图,在正方体1111ABCD A BC D -中,点P 在线段1BC 上运动,则下列判断中正确的有( )A.平面1PB D ⊥平面1ACDB.1A P ∥平面1ACDC.异面直线1A P 与1AD 所成角的取值范围是0,3π⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦D.三棱锥1D APC -的体积不变12.将2n 个数排成n 行n 列的一个数阵,如下图:11a 12a 13a …1n a 21a 22a 23a …2n a 31a 32a 33a …3n a…1n a 2n a 3n a …nn a设数阵第一列的n 个数从上到下构成以m 为公差的等差数列,每一行的n 个数从左到右构成以m 为公比的等比数列(其中0m >).已知112a =,13611a a =+,记这2n 个数的和为S .下列结论正确的有( ) A.3m =B.767173a =⨯C.()1313j ij a i -=-⨯D.()()131314n S n n =+- 三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.在6213x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中,常数项为______.(用数字作答)14.已知{}n a 为等差数列,其公差为2,且7a 是3a 与9a 的等比中项,n S 为{}n a 前n 项和,则10S 的值为______.15.已知7件产品中有5件合格品,2件次品.为找出这2件次品,每次任取一件检验,检验后不放回,则“恰好第一次检验出正品且第五次检验出最后一件次品”的概率为______. 16.函数()2sin32sin cos f x x x x =-(0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦)的最大值为______. 四、解答题(本题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.) 17.在ABC △中,角A 、B 、C 的对边分别为a 、b 、c ,()sin cos a b C C =+. (1)求角B 的大小; (2)若2A π=,D 为ABC △外一点(A 、D 在直线BC 两侧),2DB =,3DC =,求四边形ABDC 面积的最大值.18.已知数列{}n a 是公差不为零的等差数列,11a =,其前n 项和为n S ,数列{}n b 前n 项和为n T ,从①1a ,2a ,5a 成等比数列,2n n T b =-,②53253S S -=,1122n n T -⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,③数列{}n b 为等比数列,101111021n n n a a =+=∑,11a b =,3458a b =,这三个条件中任选一个作为已知条件并解答下列问题. (1)求数列{}n a ,{}n b 的通项公式;(2)求数列n n a b ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n M .19.如图,四边形ABCD 为平行四边形,4DAB π∠=,点E 在AB 上,22AE EB ==,且DE AB ⊥.以DE 为折痕把ADE △折起,使点A 到达点F 的位置,且60FEB ∠=︒.(1)求证:平面BFC ⊥平面BCDE ; (2)求二面角B EF C --的余弦值.20.已知抛物线()2:20C y px p =>的焦点为F ,过点,02p A ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭的直线与抛物线在第一象限相切于点B ,点B 到坐标原点O的距离为(1)求抛物线C 的标准方程;(2)过点()8,0M 任作直线l 与抛物线C 相交于P ,Q 两点,请判断x 轴上是否存点T ,使得点M 到直线PT ,QT 的距离都相等.若存在,请求出点T 的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.21.甲、乙两人组成“虎队”代表班级参加学校体育节的篮球投篮比赛活动,每轮活动由甲、乙两人各投篮一次,在一轮活动中,如果两人都投中,则“虎队”得3分;如果只有一个人投中,则“虎队”得1分;如果两人都没投中,则“虎队”得0分.已知甲每轮投中的概率是34,乙每轮投中的概率是23;每轮活动中甲、乙投中与否互不影响.各轮结果亦互不影响.(1)假设“虎队”参加两轮活动,求:“虎队”至少投中3个的概率; (2)①设“虎队”两轮得分之和为X ,求X 的分布列; ②设“虎队”n 轮得分之和为n X ,求n X 的期望值. (参考公式()E X Y EX EY +=+) 22.已知函数()2xf x e ax b =-+(,a b ∈R ,其中e 为自然对数的底数).若含糊()f x 有两个不同的零点1x ,2x .(1)当a b =时,求实数a 的取值范围; (2)设()f x 的导函数为()f x ',求证:1202x x f +⎛⎫'<⎪⎝⎭.长沙市一中2021届高三月考试卷(三)数学参考答案一、单项选择题1.D 【解析】∵{}15A x x =-<<,{}1,0,1,2,3,5B =-,∴{}0,1,2,3A B ⋂=.故选D. 2.B 【解析】由()1i 2z +=,得()()()21i 21i 1i 1i 1i z -===-++-,∴复数z 的虚部是-1.故选B. 3.A 【解析】若平均数为2,且出现6点,则方差()22162 3.25s >-=,因为2.4 3.2<,所以选项A 中一定没有出现点数;选项B ,C ,D 中涉及中位数,众数,不能确定是否出现点数6.故选A.4.D 【解析】因为函数()441x x f x =-,()()()444141x x x x f x f x ----==≠±--,所以函数()f x 不是偶函数,也不是奇函数,图象不关于y 轴对称,也不关于原点对称,故排除A 、B 选项;又因为()937f =,()2564255f =,所以()()34f f >,而选项C ,函数()441x x f x =-在()0,x ∈+∞上是递增的,故排除C.故选D.5.C 【解析】若安排一人去北京,共有123223C C A 18=种;若安排两人去北京,共有2223C A 6=种,总共24种,故选C.6.D 【解析】解法1:以点O为坐标原点,建立平面直角坐标系,设等边三角形的边长为()0,2A,)C,L ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,因为OA OL OC λμ=+,所以0,2,μλ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩解得32λ=,12μ=,于是31122λμ-=-=.解法2:OA OL OC OL OI λμλμ=+=-,因为A ,L ,I 三点共线,所以1λμ-=.故选D. 7.C 【解析】由题知,122AF AF a -=,四边形21AF BF 是平行四边形,122pAF AF +=, 联立解得14p AF a =+,24pAF a =-,又线段12F F 为圆的直径,所以由双曲线的对称性可知四边形21AF BF 为矩形,所以221216p S AF AF a =⋅=-,因为p =232p S =,即2223216p p a ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,解得2232p a =,由2221212AF AF F F +=,得222248p a c +=,即2232a c =,即e =.故选C.8.B 【解析】根据题意,令()()h x xf x =,因为()()f x f x =-对x ∈R 成立,所以()()()()h x xf x xf x h x -=--=-=-,因此函数()h x 为R 上的奇函数.又因为当(],0x ∈-∞时,()()()0h x f x xf x ''=+<,所以函数()h x 在(],0-∞上为减函数,又因为函数()h x 为奇函数,所以函数()h x 在R 上为减函数, 因为0.621log 0ln 2128<<<<,所以()()0.621log ln 228h h h ⎛⎫>> ⎪⎝⎭,即c b a <<.故选B. 二、多项选择题9.CD 【解析】对于A ,根据相关系数的定义可得A 错误;对于B ,()()2121E X E X +=+,()()214D X D X +=,即B 错误;对于C ,设随机变量ξ服从正态分布()0,1N ,()()11P P p ξξ>=<-=,则()1112P p ξ-<<=-,故C 正确;对于D.甲、乙、丙、丁4个人到4个景点旅游,每人只去一个景点,设事件A =“4个人去的景点各不相同”,事件B =“甲独自去一个景点”,则()()()()()44134A 2C 39P AB n AB P A B P B n B ⨯====,故D 正确,故选CD.10.AD 【解析】()()5sin ,22,44()3cos ,22,44x k x k k f x x k x k k ππππππππ⎧+≤≤+∈⎪⎪=⎨⎪-+≤≤+∈⎪⎩Z Z 作出函数()f x 的大致图象如图所示:由图可知()f x 的值域是[]0,1,故A 正确; 因为()sin 0fππ==,()2cos21f ππ==,所以()()2f f ππ≠,所以π不是()f x 的最小正周期,故B 错误;由图可知()f x 在区间5,4ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递增,在53,42ππ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减,故C 不正确;由图可知,在[]0,2π上,()302f f ππ⎛⎫== ⎪⎝⎭,所以()f x 在[]0,2π上有2个零点,故D 正确;故选AD.11.ABD 【解析】对于A ,易知1DB ⊥平面1ACD ,1DB 在平面1PB D 内,从而平面1PB D ⊥平面1ACD ,A 正确;对于B ,易知平面11BAC ∥平面1ACD ,1A P 在平面11BAC 内,所以1A P ∥平面1ACD ,故B 正确;对于C ,1A P 与1AD 所成角即为1A P 与1BC 的所成角,1111A B BC AC ==,当P 与线段1BC 的两端点重合时,1A P 与1AD 所成角取最小值3π,当P 与线段1BC 的中点重合时,1A P 与1AD 所成角取最大值2π,故1A P 与1AD 所成角的范围是,32ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,故C 不正确;对于D ,由选项B 得1BC ∥平面1ADC ,故1BC 上任意一点到平面1ADC 的距离均相等,所以以P 为顶点,三角形1ADC 为底面,则三棱锥1P AD C -的体积不变,又11D APC P AD C V V --=,所以三棱锥1D APC -的体积不变,故D 正确.故选ABD.12.ACD 【解析】选项A :由题意,该数阵第一列的n 个数从上到下构成以m 为公差的等差数列,每一行的n 个数从左到右构成以m 为公比的等比数列,且112a =,13611a a =+, 可得2213112a a m m ==,6111525a a d m =+=+,所以22251m m =++, 解得3m =或12m =-(舍去),所以选项A 是正确的; 选项B :又由()66667612533173a a m ==+⨯⨯=⨯,所以选项B 不正确;选项C :又由()111111j j ij i a a m a i m m --==+-⨯⨯⎡⎤⎣⎦()()112133313j j i i --=+-⨯⨯=-⨯⎡⎤⎣⎦,所以选项C是正确的;选项D :又由这2n 个数的和为S ,则()()()111212122212n n n n nn S a a a a a a a a a =++++++++++++()()()11211131313131313n n n n a a a ---=+++---()()()()23111313131224nn n n n n +-=-⋅=+-, 所以选项D 是正确的.故选ACD. 三、填空题13.135 【解析】6213x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式的通项公式为()62361661C 3C 3kkk k k k k T x x x --+⎛⎫==⨯⨯ ⎪⎝⎭,由360k -=,得2k =,∴6213x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式的常数项为226C 3135⨯=.故答案为135. 14.-110 【解析】{}n a 为等差数列,其公差为2,由7a 是3a 与9a 的等比中项,可得2739a a a =,即()()()211112416a a a +=++,解得120a =-,则()101102010921102S =⨯-+⨯⨯⨯=-.故答案为-110.15.17【解析】考查两件次品的位置,共有27C 21=种取法,因为恰好第五次取出最后一件次品,依题意另一件次品只能排2,3,4位,共有13C 3=种取法.故概率为17. 16.9【解析】∵()()2sin32sin cos sin 2sin2cos cos2sin f x x x x x x x x x x =-=+-= ()2312sin sin sin 2sin x x x x =-=-,令sin x t =,由0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦知[]0,1t ∈, 令32yt t =-,216y t '=-,令0y '=,得6t =, 当0,6t ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎪⎣⎭,0y '>,函数y 单调递增,当t⎤∈⎥⎝⎦时,0y '<,函数y 单调递减,所以当t =y 四、解答题17.【解析】(1)在ABC △中,∵()sin cos a b C C =+,∴()sin sin sin cos A B C C =+. ∴()()sin sin sin cos B C B C C π--=+,∴()()sin sin sin cos B C B C C +=+, ∴sin cos cos sin sin sin sin cos B C B C B C B C +=+,∴cos sin sin sin B C B C =, 又∵()0,C π∈,故sin 0C ≠,∴cos sin B B =,即tan 1B =.又∵()0,B π∈,∴4B π=.(2)在BCD △中,2DB =,3DC =,∴22232232cos 1312cos BC D D =+-⨯⨯⨯=-.又2A π=,由(1)可知4B π=,∴ABC △为等腰直角三角形,∴2111133cos 2244ABC S BC BC BC D =⨯⨯⨯==-△,又∵1sin 3sin 2BDC S BD DC D D =⨯⨯⨯=△.∴13133cos 3sin 444ABDC D D D S π⎛⎫-+=+- ⎪⎝=⎭四边形. ∴当34D π=时,四边形ABCD的面积有最大值,最大值为134+18.【解析】(1)选择条件①,设数列{}n a 的公差为d ,由1a ,2a ,5a 成等比数列,即2215a a a =,所以()2114d d +=+,解得0d =(舍)或2d =,所以21n a n =-,因为2n n T b =-,则112n n T b ++=-,所以11122n n n n n b T T b b +++=-=--+,则112n n b b +=, 又1112b T b ==-,解得11b =,所以112n n b -⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.选择条件②,设数列{}n a 的公差为d ,所以53115103325353S S a d a d d ++-=-==,所以21n a n =-, 因为1122n n T -⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,令1n =,可得11b =,当2n ≥时,1112n n n n b T T --⎛⎫=-= ⎪⎝⎭,且1n =时,11b =适合上式,所以112n n b -⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.选择条件③,设数列{}n a 的公差为d ,所以111111n n n n a a d a a ++⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭, 所以10111223101111111111n n n a a d a a a a a a =+⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-++-⎢⎥⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦∑111111111101021d a a a a ⎛⎫=-== ⎪⎝⎭, 又11a =,则1121a =,所以2d =,所以21n a n =-,设数列{}n b 的公比为q ,因为35a =,3458a b =,可得418b =, 又111a b ==,可得12q =,所以112n n b -⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.(2)()112121212n n n n a n n b ---==-⋅⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以()()01221123252232212n n n M n n --=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⋅+-⋅,()()12312123252232212n n n M n n -=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⋅+-⋅,以上两式相减得,()1211222222212n n n M n --=+⨯+⨯++⋅--⋅()2323n n =--⋅-,()2323n n M n =-⋅+.19.【解析】(1)证明:∵DE AB ⊥,∴DE EB ⊥,DE EF ⊥,∴DE ⊥平面BEF ,∴DE BF ⊥, ∵22AE EB ==,∴2EF =,1EB =,∵60FEB ∠=︒,∴由余弦定理得BF =222EF EB BF =+,∴FB EB ⊥,又DE BE E ⋂=,∴BF ⊥平面BCDE ,∴平面BFC ⊥平面BCDE .(2)以B 为原点,BA 为x 轴,在平面ABCD 中过点B 作AB 的垂线为y 轴,BF 为z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,∵4DAB π∠=,DE AB ⊥.∴2DE =,∴()1,0,0E,(F ,()2,2,0C -,()3,2,0CE =-,(EF =-,设平面CEF 的法向量(),,m x y z =,则CE 320,0,m x y EF m x ⎧⋅=-=⎪⎨⎪⋅=-=⎩取2z =,得()23,3m =,平面BEF 的一个法向量()0,1,0p =,∴3129cos ,m p m p m p⋅==⋅, 由图可知二面角B EF C --的平面角为锐角,∴二面角B EF C --20.【解析】(1)设直线AB 的方程为()02p y k x k ⎛⎫=+> ⎪⎝⎭, 联立方程组22,,2y px p y k x ⎧=⎪⎨⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩消去x 得,2220ky py kp -+=, 由222440p k p ∆=-=,解得1k =(1k =-舍),B 点坐标为,2p p ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,则OB ==,解得4p =, 故抛物线C 的标准方程为28y x =.(2)设直线:8l x ny =+,假设存在这样的点T ,设()11,P x y ,()22,Q x y ,点(),0T t ,联立方程28,8,y x x ny ⎧=⎨=+⎩消去x 整理得,28640y ny --=,可得128y y n +=,1264y y =-,若点M 到直线PT ,QT 的距离相等,则直线PT ,QT 的斜率互为相反数, 有12121212088PT QT y y y y k k x t x t ny t ny t+=+=+=--+-+-(先假设1x t ≠,2x t ≠), 可得()()1221880y ny t y ny t +-++-=,整理得,()()1212280ny y t y y +-+=,得8t =-.显然18x ≠-且28x ≠-. 故存在这样的点T 的坐标为()8,0-.21.【解析】(1)设甲、乙在第n 轮投中分别记作事件n A ,n B ,“虎队”至少投中3个记作事件C ,则()()()()()()12121212121212121212P C P A A B B P A A B B P A A B B P A A B B P A A B B =++++2222112233232232C 1C 144343343⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅⋅-⋅+⋅⋅⋅-+⋅= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭11126443++=.(2)①“虎队”两轮得分之和X 的可能取值为:0,1,2,3,4,6,则()2232101143144P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==-⋅-=⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, ()2233232210121111443433144P X ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⋅-⋅-+-⋅⋅-=⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦,()3232323232323232252111111114343434343434343144P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==⋅-⋅⋅-+⋅-⋅-⋅+-⋅⋅⋅-+-⋅⋅-⋅=⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,()32321232114343144P X ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⋅⋅-⋅-=⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦, ()22332223604211443334144P X ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫==⨯⋅-⋅+⋅-⋅=⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦,()223236643144P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⋅= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭.故X 的分布列如下图所示:②10,1,3X =,()132********P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==-⋅-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, ()132325111434312P X ⎛⎫⎛⎫==⋅-+-⋅= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,()132634312P X ==⋅=,∴1562313121212EX =⨯+⨯=,12312n EX n EX n =⋅=. 22.【解析】(1)由题意知,()22xf x e a '=-,当0a ≤,()0f x '>,函数()f x 在R 上单调递增,()f x 最多有1个零点,不合题意. 当0a >时,函数()f x 在1,ln22a ⎛⎫-∞ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减,函数()f x 在1ln ,22a ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增, 所以()min 13ln ln 22222a a a f x f a ⎛⎫==-⎪⎝⎭,当302e a <<时,1ln 022a f ⎛⎫>⎪⎝⎭,函数()f x 没有零点; 当32a e =时,1ln 022a f ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭,函数()f x 有只1个零点; 当32a e >时,1ln 022a f ⎛⎫<⎪⎝⎭,13ln 222a >,又()210f e =>,此时存在111,ln22a x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,使得()10f x =, 令()xh x x e =-,()0,x ∈+∞,则()10xx e h '=->,所以()h x 在()0,+∞单调递增,所以()()00h x h >>,所以当()0,x ∈+∞时,xe x >,所以()()2ln 2ln ln ln ln ln ln 0aa a f a ea a a e a a a e a =-+>-=->, 所以存在21ln ,ln 22a x a ⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭,使得()20f x =, 故此时函数()f x 有两个不同的零点1x ,2x .综上可得:当()32,a e ∈+∞时,函数()f x 有两个不同的零点1x ,2x .(2)证明:由题意得1221220,0,x x e ax b e ax b ⎧-+=⎨-+=⎩两式相减,得212221x x e e a x x -=-,设12x x <,()22e xf x a '=-,则()21211221212212212121222x x x x x x x x x x x x e e e f e x x e e x x x x ++--+-⎛⎫'⎡⎤=-=-+- ⎪⎣⎦--⎝⎭, 令210t x x =->,()2t th t t e e -=-+,∵()()220t t t te e e e h t ---=-+'-<=,∴()h t 在()0,+∞上单调递减,()()00h t h <=即1202x x f +⎛⎫'<⎪⎝⎭.。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2024届高考适应性演练(三) 语文试题(含解析)
长沙市一中2024届高考适应性演练(三)语文试卷一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:世界上多种语言并存,这是一种人文生态环境。
“优胜劣汰”是一种规律,“协同进化”也是一种规律。
中国科学院院长周光召曾说:“应该说,协同进化的观点比达尔文的生存竞争、优胜劣汰进化论,在反映自然进化时更全面、更准确。
”这个观点也适用于我们观察当前世界的语言关系。
没有众多语言的并存,几种强势语言也难以形成和发展。
汉语现在是世界上使用人口最多的语言,但汉语在历史上不知吸收了多少其他民族的语言成分,才得以严密和丰富起来。
汉语如果不是通过佛教从印度语言中汲取大量营养,就不会有如下一些佛教典故的成语熟语,如“一知半解”“对牛弹琴”“闭门造车”“空中楼阁”“五体投地”等。
傣语与壮语、布依语属于同一个语支,由于傣语吸收了大量的巴利语词,壮语、布依语吸收了大量的汉语借词,因而各自丰富了自己的语言,创造了各具特色的文化成果。
如果有一天世界上只剩下一种语言,它将因缺少外来资源而粘竭。
那将应了施菜哈尔的预言:语言生命经历了产生、成长的阶段,而走向死亡。
但施莱哈尔的语言生命学说是错误的。
上帝可以把建造巴别塔的人们的语言分化,但谁也没有力量把五彩缤纷的语言同化为一种。
只要世界政治是多极的、世界文化是多元的,世界语言就必然是多样的。
因此,我们对世界语言的前途不必过于悲观。
但当前的事实是世界语言在迅速减少,我们的任务就是要尽力保护面临危机的语言,使其在未来的时代继续显示自身的价值,因为它们是各自民族千百年来适应特定环境的宝贵文明成果。
多语言的共存对人类来说是一种幸运。
只懂得自己母语的人,眼界必将受到限制。
18世纪的普遍唯理语法的代表们只看到一种拉丁语,把拉丁语奉为一切语言的语法的典范。
这种谬误后来为历史语言学纠正了。
20世纪前期博厄斯对美洲印第安语的调查,更大大拓宽了人们的眼界。
到萨丕尔写《语言论——言语研究导论》的时候,他已注意到语言成分表达的各种类型的可能性,而且明确指出:“各种类型又可以无尽地互相组合起来。
2019-2020学年湖南省长沙县第一中学高三英语三模试题及答案
2019-2020学年湖南省长沙县第一中学高三英语三模试题及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's just before l pm and hungry guests are starting to emerge out onto the wooden floor at the back of the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge in Zimbabwe. A few have already settled in for lunch, drinking beer and enjoying their sandwiches and salads in the sunshine. It's a normal setting until you look up. Overhead, the sky is filled with several hundred vultures (秃鹭).They too have arrived for their midday snack. Every day the team at this hotel places last night's leftover meat out for the vultures to eat. They call it the "Vulture Restaurant" and it's a vital part of protecting these birds, who have become some of the most endangered species in Africa.In Zimbabwe, where illegal hunting of elephants and rhinos is a major issue, poisoning poses a significant threat to the birds. "In recent years hunters have realized they can use poison to kill animals. It's effective because it's silent and therefore doesn't attract much attention.when the vultures eat the bodies of the dead animals they die too," says Roger Parry, Wildlife Manager at the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust.The Vulture Restaurant initiative is part feeding programme, part education programme. By attracting the birds to the Vulture Restaurant every day the team can ensure they're regularly getting a safe meal, and while the birds are there they can educate tourists from all over the world about these creatures.“Lunch” is served by Moses Garira. He has the unenviable task of wandering out into the middle of the clearing with a box full of meat, dropping the contents onto the ground and running for his life as the vultures fly downward suddenly for their food. No one, surely, would volunteer for this role, but Garira rather enjoys it. Back in the safety of the viewing seats, he tells the onlookers about the importance of vultures. "They're hugely important in terms of their role of cleaning up the bodies of dead animals," says Garira. "Notably, they're safely able to digest bacteria like anthrax. Without vultures, there'd be a lot more disease in the world."1. What's the biggest threat vultures facing in Zimbabwe?A. Overhunting.B. Unsafe food.C. Loss of habitat.D. A bird disease.2. What would others think of Garira's job?A. Scary.B. Relaxing.C. Well-paid.D. Time-consuming3. What do Garira's words mean?A. Birds are human's best friends.B. People know little about vultures.C. Vultures are environmentally favorable.D. Vultures are in urgentneed of protection.BANew Zealandcouncil has announced a month-long road closure in order to allow a sea lion and her pup to reach the ocean safely.John Wilson Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be closed after the New Zealand sea lions made their home at a nearby golf course and started "regularly crossing the road to get to the beach," according to a Facebook post from Dunedin City Council."You can still visit the area on foot or by bicycle, but please give the sea lions lots of space," continued the post.Locals applauded the decision, and one even called for the closure to be made permanent."No dogs should be on the beach, either," wrote Gaylene Smith. "We need to protect our beautiful sea life."Dogs are known to attack sea lions, and Chisholm Links Golf Course, where the sea lions have made their home, also posted advice to dog walkers in a Facebook update."We're lucky to have sea lions on our coastline and we need to share the space with them,as this is what makes our coastline so unique!" wrote the course on Facebook.The council went on to explain thatNew Zealandsea lions are endangered, and are one of the world's rarest species of sea lion.There are an estimated 12,000New Zealandsea lions left, according to the Department of Conservation. Under local law, anyone who kills a sea lion could face up to two years in prison or a fine of up to NZ$250,000(US$178,000).4. What decision has the Dunedin City Council made?A. Closing an ocean drive for a month.B. Forbidding entry into a golf course.C. Forbidding walking dogs outside.D. Closing the nearby beach temporarily.5. How did the City Council announce the decision?A. By informing on TV.B. By sending out notices.C. By posting on Facebook.D. By advertising in a newspaper.6. What is the attitude of the local people toward the closure?A. Doubtful.B. Supportive.C. Uncaring.D. Critical.7. What can we learn aboutNew Zealandsea lions from the text?A. They are afraid of humans.B. They are a common species.C. They are being killed by dogs.D. They are under legal protection.CAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.8. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.9. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.10. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.11. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space TravelDAlex Wong, a junior atMarkKeppelHigh SchoolinAlhambra,California, is working hard on his application to a top college. His resume shows off his nearly straight A’s in difficult classes, experience at a summer program atStanfordUniversity, Eagle Scout project and time on the soccer team as well as the school choir. But his steady progress stopped unexpectedly this year. Aiming to open access to college-level Advanced Placement (大学预科) courses, his schoolbegan using a computer-based lottery to give out spaces. Alex got shut out of all three of the courses he requested.The new system caused anger among families whose children failed to get into AP courses, which many consider important to develop advanced skills, improve grade-point averages and allow students to earn college credit, saving them and their families tuition dollars. Students and parents wrote to administrators to complain, circulated a petition (请愿) and launched a Facebook group for trading classes. “I’M DESPERATE! I’LL GIVE YOU FREE FOOD,” one student, Kirk Hum, posted on the 210-member AP Flea Market Facebook group.AP classes have long been held dear by the most talented and ambitious students.But now they are seen as positive for all students who are willing to push themselves – and schools are increasingly viewing access to them as a basic educational right. But this change has brought challenges.Miracle Vitangcol, a junior atDowntownMagnetsHigh Schoolwith average grades and test scores, is failing her AP US history class. She said she can’t handle the rapid pace and volume of material she needs to remember. But she said she intends to stick it out because the class is teaching her to manage her time, take good notes and work hard. “I’m struggling to adjust,” she said. “But I keep telling myself: ‘It’s OK. You can do it. Just push yourself’.”Some critics worry that the open-access movement is pushing too many unprepared students into AP classes, as shown by higher exam failure rates over the last decade. They also fear that open enrollment (录取) policies areencouraging teachers to weaken courses and give out high grades to students who don’t deserve them. “While expanding access is generally a good thing, we need to make sure we’re not watering down the experience for the high achievers,” said Michael Petrilli, executive vice president of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a Washington-based educational policy organization.12. The purpose of the new AP courses system at Alex Wong’s school is to ______.A. make sure all students get access to the AP courses they desire.B. ensure that students have a fair chance to get access to AP courses.C. improve the academic performance of students in AP courses.D. separate high achievers from average students through the new courses.13. According to the article, the AP Flea Market Facebook group is a place where ______.A. students’ parents send their complaints to school administrators.B. students share tips about saving money for college.C. students offer items to trade for the AP courses they need.D. students can find support and guidance on their AP study.14. Which of the following statements would Michael Petrilli agree with?A. Opening AP courses to all students is a bad idea.B. School administrators should maintain high academic standards for AP courses.C. High schools should stop charging students for taking AP courses.D. Access to AP courses is necessary for students applying for top American colleges.15. The author used Miracle Vitangcol’s example to show that ______.A. students need to remember too much in their AP courses.B.AP courses pose a big challenge to unprepared students.C. the secret to success in AP courses is to keep pushing yourself.D. average students don’t deserve their places in AP courses.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
长沙一中2025届高三11月月考物理试题
长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷(三)物理本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,共6页。
时量75分钟,满分100分。
一、单项选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共计24分。
每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 如图所示,取一支质量为m的按压式圆珠笔,将笔的按压式小帽朝下按在桌面上,无初速放手后笔将会竖直向上弹起一定的高度h,然后再竖直下落。
重力加速度为g,不计空气阻力。
下列说法正确的是()A. 按压时笔内部弹簧的弹性势能增加了mghB. 放手后到笔向上离开桌面的过程弹簧的弹性势能全部转化为笔的动能C. 笔在离开桌面后的上升阶段处于超重状态D.S,待电流稳定后再2. 用电流传感器研究电容器充放电现象,电路如图所示。
电容器不带电,闭合开关1S,通过传感器的电流随时间变化的图像是()闭合开关2A. B. C. D.AA BB CC DD如图所示,AB、CD杆均水平,不可伸长3. 湖北某小区晾晒区的并排等高门型晾衣架’’’’的轻绳的一端M固定在AB中点上,另一端N系在C点,一衣架(含所挂衣物)的挂钩可在轻绳上无摩擦滑动。
将轻绳N端从C点沿CD方向缓慢移动至D点,整个过程中衣物始终没有着地。
则此过程中轻绳上张力大小的变化情况是()A. 一直减小B. 先减小后增大C. 一直增大D. 先增大后减小4. 潮汐是发生在沿海地区海水周期性涨落的一种自然现象,主要是受月球对海水的引力而形成,导致地球自转持续减速,同时月球也会逐渐远离地球。
如图所示,已知地球和月球的球心分别为O和O′,A和B是地球上的两个海区,多年后,下列说法正确的是()A. 海区A的角速度小于海区B的角速度B. 地球赤道上的重力加速度会减小C.D. 地球的同步卫星距离地面的高度会增大5. 某地有一风力发电机,它的叶片转动时可形成半径为20m的圆面。
某时间内该地区的风速是6.0m/s,1.2kg/m,假如这个风力发电机能将此圆内10%的风向恰好跟叶片转动的圆面垂直,已知空气的密度为3空气动能转化为电能。
炎德英才大联考长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷(三)数学答案
时量:120分钟满分:150分一、选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的炎德英才大联考长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷(三)数学)1.若复数z 满足1i34i z +=-,则z =()A.5B.25C.5D.2【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据复数的除法运算求出复数z ,计算其模,即得答案.【详解】由1i34i z+=-可得()()()()1i 34i 1i 17i 34i 34i 34i 25z +++-+===--+,则25z =,故选:C2.已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和2n S n n =-,则345a a a ++等于()A.12B.15C.18D.21【答案】B 【解析】【分析】利用52S S -即可求得345a a a ++的值.【详解】因为数列{}n a 的前n 项和22n S n n =-,所以34552=a a a S S ++-()2252522215=-⨯--⨯=.故选:B.3.抛物线24y x =的焦点坐标为()A.(1,0)B.(1,0)-C.1(0,16-D.1(0,)16【答案】D 【解析】【分析】先将抛物线方程化为标准方程,从而可求出其焦点坐标【详解】解:由24y x =,得214x y =,所以抛物线的焦点在y 轴的正半轴上,且124p =,所以18p =,1216p =,所以焦点坐标为1(0,16,故选:D4.如图是函数()sin y x ωϕ=+的部分图象,则函数的解析式可为()A.πsin 23y x ⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭B.πsin 3y x ⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭C.πsin 26y x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭D.5πcos 26y x ⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭【答案】A 【解析】【分析】观察图象,确定函数()sin y x ωϕ=+的周期,排除B ,由图象可得当5π12x =时,函数取最小值,求ϕ由此判断AC ,结合诱导公式判断D.【详解】观察图象可得函数()sin y x ωϕ=+的最小正周期为2ππ2π36T ⎛⎫=-=⎪⎝⎭,所以2ππω=,故2ω=或2ω=-,排除B ;观察图象可得当π2π5π63212x +==时,函数取最小值,当2ω=时,可得5π3π22π+122k ϕ⨯+=,Z k ∈,所以2π2π+3k ϕ=,Z k ∈,排除C ;当2ω=-时,可得5ππ22π122k ϕ-⨯+=-,Z k ∈,所以π2π+3k ϕ=,Z k ∈,取0k =可得,π3ϕ=,故函数的解析式可能为πsin 23y x ⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭,A 正确;5ππππcos 2cos 2sin 26233y x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-=+-=-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,D 错误故选:A.5.1903年,火箭专家、航天之父康斯坦丁・齐奥尔科夫斯基就提出单级火箭在不考虑空气阻力和地球引力的理想情况下的最大速度v 满足公式:1201lnm m v v m +=,其中12,m m 分别为火箭结构质量和推进剂的质量,0v 是发动机的喷气速度.已知某单级火箭结构质量是推进剂质量的2倍,火箭的最大速度为8km /s ,则火箭发动机的喷气速度为()(参考数据:ln20.7≈,ln3 1.1,ln4 1.4≈≈)A.10km /sB.20km /sC.80km /s 3D.40km /s【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据实际问题,运用对数运算可得.【详解】由题意122m m =,122200122lnln 82m m m m v v v m m ++===,得03ln 82v =,故0888203ln3ln 2 1.10.7ln 2v ==≈=--,故选:B6.若83cos 5αβ=,63sin 5αβ=,则()cos αβ+的值为()A.4-B.4C.4-D.4【答案】C 【解析】【分析】已知两式平方相加,再由两角和的余弦公式变形可得.【详解】因为83cos 5αβ+=,63sin 5αβ-=,所以25(3cos 4)62αβ=,2(3sin )2536αβ=,即所以2259cos co 6s 1042cos ααββ++=,229sin sin +10sin 2536ααββ-=,两式相加得9)104αβ+++=,所以10cos()4αβ+=-,故选:C .7.如图,一个质点从原点O 出发,每隔一秒随机向左或向右移动一个单位长度,向左的概率为23,向右的概率为13,共移动4次,则该质点共两次到达1的位置的概率为()A.427B.827C.29D.49【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据该质点共两次到达1的位置的方式有0101→→→和0121→→→,且两种方式第4次移动向左向右均可以求解.【详解】共移动4次,该质点共两次到达1的位置的方式有0101→→→和0121→→→,且两种方式第4次移动向左向右均可以,所以该质点共两次到达1的位置的概率为211124333332713⨯⨯+⨯⨯=.故选:A.8.设n S 为数列的前n 项和,若121++=+n n a a n ,且存在*N k ∈,1210k k S S +==,则1a 的取值集合为()A.{}20,21-B.{}20,20-C.{}29,11- D.{}20,19-【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用121++=+n n a a n 可证明得数列{}21n a -和{}2n a 都是公差为2的等差数列,再可求得()2=21n S n n +,有了这些信息,就可以从k 的取值分析并求解出结果.【详解】因为121++=+n n a a n ,所以()()()()()()212342123+41=++++++37+41=212n n n n nS a a a a a a n n n --⋅⋅⋅=++⋅⋅⋅-=+,假设()2=21=210n S n n +,解得=10n 或21=2n -(舍去),由存在*N k ∈,1210k k S S +==,所以有19k =或20k =,由121++=+n n a a n 可得,+1223n n a a n ++=+,两式相减得:22n n a a +-=,当20k =时,有2021210S S ==,即210a =,根据22n n a a +-=可知:数列奇数项是等差数列,公差为2,所以()211+11120a a =-⨯=,解得120a =-,当19k =时,有1920210S S ==,即200a =,根据22n n a a +-=可知:数列偶数项也是等差数列,公差为2,所以()202+10120a a =-⨯=,解得218a =-,由已知得123a a +=,所以121a =.故选:A.二、选择题(本大题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,至少有两项是符合题目要求,若全部选对得6分,部分选对得部分分,选错或不选得0分)9.如图,在正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,点E ,F 分别为1AD ,DB 的中点,则下列说法正确的是()A.直线EF 与11D B 为异面直线B.直线1D E 与1DC 所成的角为60oC.1D F AD ⊥D.//EF 平面11CDD C 【答案】ABD 【解析】【分析】直接根据异面直线及其所成角的概念可判断AB ,利用反证法可判断C ,利用线面平行判定定理可判断D.【详解】如图所示,连接AC ,1CD ,EF ,由于E ,F 分别为1AD ,DB 的中点,即F 为AC 的中点,所以1//EF CD ,EF ⊄面11CDD C ,1CD ⊆面11CDD C ,所以//EF 平面11CDD C ,即D 正确;所以EF 与1CD 共面,而1B ∉1CD ,所以直线EF 与11D B 为异面直线,即A 正确;连接1BC ,易得11//D E BC ,所以1DC B ∠即为直线1D E 与1DC 所成的角或其补角,由于1BDC 为等边三角形,即160DC B ∠=,所以B 正确;假设1D F AD ⊥,由于1AD DD ⊥,1DF DD D = ,所以AD ⊥面1D DF ,而AD ⊥面1D DF 显然不成立,故C 错误;故选:ABD.10.已知P 是圆22:4O x y +=上的动点,直线1:cos sin 4l x y θθ+=与2:sin cos 1l x y θθ-=交于点Q ,则()A.12l l ⊥ B.直线1l 与圆O 相切C.直线2l 与圆O 截得弦长为23 D.OQ 17【答案】ACD 【解析】【分析】选项A 根据12l l ⊥,12120A A B B +=可判断正确;选项B 由圆心O 到1l 的距离不等半径可判断错误;选项C 根据垂直定理可得;选项D 先求出()4sin cos ,4cos sin Q θθθθ-+,根据两点间的距离公式可得.【详解】选项A :因()cos sin sin cos 0θθθθ+-=,故12l l ⊥,A 正确;选项B :圆O 的圆心O 的坐标为()0,0,半径为2r =,圆心O 到1l 的距离为12244cos sin d r θθ-==>+,故直线1l 与圆O 相离,故B 错误;选项C :圆心O 到1l 的距离为()22211sin cos d θθ-==+-,故弦长为222223l r d =-=,故C 正确;选项D :由cos sin 4sin cos 1x y x y θθθθ+=⎧⎨-=⎩得4cos sin 4sin cos x y θθθθ=+⎧⎨=-⎩,故()4cos sin ,4sin cos Q θθθθ+-,故OQ ==,故D 正确故选:ACD11.已知三次函数()32f x ax bx cx d =+++有三个不同的零点1x ,2x ,()3123x x x x <<,函数()()1g x f x =-也有三个零点1t ,2t ,()3123t t t t <<,则()A.23b ac>B.若1x ,2x ,3x 成等差数列,则23bx a=-C.1313x x t t +<+D.222222123123x x x t t t ++=++【答案】ABD 【解析】【分析】对于A ,由题意可得()0f x '=有两个不同实根,则由0∆>即可判断;对于B ,若123,,x x x 成等差数列,则()()22,x f x 为()f x 的对称中心,即可判断;对于C ,结合图象,当0a >和0a <时,分类讨论即可判断;对于D ,由三次函数有三个不同的零点,结合韦达定理,即可判断.【详解】因为()32f x ax bx cx d =+++,则()232f x ax bx c '=++,0a ≠,对称中心为,33b b f a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫-- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,对于A ,因为()f x 有三个不同零点,所以()f x 必有两个极值点,即()2320f x ax bx c '=++=有两个不同的实根,所以2Δ4120b ac =->,即23b ac >,故A 正确;对于B ,由123,,x x x 成等差数列,及三次函数的中心对称性,可知()()22,x f x 为()f x 的对称中心,所以23bx a=-,故B 正确;对于C ,函数()()1g x f x =-,当()0g x =时,()1f x =,则1y =与()y f x =的交点的横坐标即为1t ,2t ,3t ,当0a >时,画出()f x 与1y =的图象,由图可知,11x t <,33x t <,则1313x x t t +<+,当0a <时,则1313x x t t +>+,故C 错误;对D ,由题意,得()()()()()()32123321231a x x x x x x ax bx cx da x t x t x t ax bx cx d ⎧---=+++⎪⎨---=+++-⎪⎩,整理,得123123122331122331b x x x t t t ac x x x x x x t t t t t t a ⎧++=++=-⎪⎪⎨⎪++=++=⎪⎩,得()()()()2212312233112312233122x x x x x x x x x t t t t t t t t t ++-++=++-++,即222222123123x x x t t t ++=++,故D 正确.故选:ABD.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题D 选项的关键是利用交点式得到三次方程的韦达定理式再计算即可.三、填空题(本大题共3个小题,每小题5分,共15分)12.已知随机变量X 服从二项分布(),B n p ,若()3E X =,()2D X =,则n =_____.【答案】9【解析】【分析】根据二项分布的期望、方差公式,即可求得答案.【详解】由题意知随机变量X 服从二项分布(),B n p ,()3E X =,()2D X =,则()3,12np np p =-=,即得1,93p n ==,故答案为:913.已知平面向量a ,b 满足2a = ,1= b ,且b 在a上的投影向量为14a - ,则ab + 为______.【答案】【解析】【分析】由条件结合投影向量公式可求a b ⋅ ,根据向量模的性质及数量积运算律求a b +.【详解】因为b 在a上的投影向量为14a - ,所以14b a a a aa ⋅⋅=- ,又2a = ,所以1a b ⋅=-,又1= b ,所以a b +==14.如图,已知四面体ABCD 的体积为32,E ,F 分别为AB ,BC 的中点,G ,H 分别在CD ,AD 上,且G ,H 是靠近D 点的四等分点,则多面体EFGHBD 的体积为_____.【答案】11【解析】【分析】连接,EG ED ,将多面体EFGHBD 被分成三棱锥G EDH -和四棱锥E BFGD -,利用题设条件找到小棱锥底面面积与四面体底面面积的数量关系,以及小棱锥的高与四面体的高的数量关系,结合四面体的体积即可求得多面体EFGHBD 的体积.【详解】如图,连接,EG ED ,则多面体EFGHBD 被分成三棱锥G EDH -和四棱锥E BFGD -.因H 是AD 上靠近D 点的四等分点,则14DHE AED S S = ,又E 是AB 的中点,故11114428DHE AED ABD ABD S S S S ==⨯= ,因G 是CD 上靠近D 点的四等分点,则点G 到平面ABD 的距离是点C 到平面ABD 的距离的14,故三棱锥G EDH -的体积1113218432G EDH C ABD V --=⨯=⨯=;又因点F 是BC 的中点,则133248CFG BCD BCD S S S =⨯= ,故58BFGD BCD S S = ,又由E 是AB 的中点知,点E 到平面BCD 的距离是点A 到平面BCD 的距离的12,故四棱锥E BFGD -的体积51532108216E BFGD A BCD V V --=⨯=⨯=,故多面体EFGHBD 的体积为11011.G EDH E BFGD V V --+=+=故答案为:11.【点睛】方法点睛:本题主要考查多面体的体积求法,属于较难题.一般的求法有两种:(1)分割法:即将多面体通过连线,作面的垂线等途径,将其分成若干可以用公式求解;(2)补形法:即将多面体通过辅助线段构造柱体,锥体或台体,利用整体体积减去个体体积等间接方法求解.四、解答题(本大题共5个小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)15.设ABC V 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知sin cos 0a B A -=.(1)求A ;(2)若sin sin 2sin B C A +=,且ABC V 的面积为a 的值.【答案】(1)π3A =(2)2a =【解析】【分析】(1)利用正弦定理的边角变换得到tan A =,从而得解;(2)利用正弦定理的边角变换,余弦定理与三角形面积公式得到关于a 的方程,解之即可得解.【小问1详解】因为sin cos 0a B A -=,即sin cos a B A =,由正弦定理得sin sin cos A B B A ⋅=⋅,因为sin 0B ≠,所以sin A A =,则tan A =,又()0,πA ∈,所以π3A =.【小问2详解】因为sin sin 2sin B C A +=,由正弦定理得2b c a +=,因为π3A =,所以113sin 222ABC S bc A bc ==⨯= 4bc =,由余弦定理2222cos a b c bc A =+-⋅,得224b c bc +-=,所以()234b c bc +-=,则()22344a -⨯=,解得2a =.16.设()()221ln 2f x x ax x x =++,a ∈R .(1)若0a =,求()f x 在1x =处的切线方程;(2)若a ∈R ,试讨论()f x 的单调性.【答案】(1)4230--=x y (2)答案见解析【解析】【分析】(1)由函数式和导函数式求出(1)f 和(1)f ',利用导数的几何意义即可写出切线方程;(2)对函数()f x 求导并分解因式,根据参数a 的取值进行分类讨论,由导函数的正负推得原函数的增减,即得()f x 的单调性.【小问1详解】当0a =时,()221ln 2f x x x x =+,()2(ln 1)f x x x =+',因1(1),(1)22f f '==,故()f x 在1x =处的切线方程为12(1)2y x -=-,即4230--=x y ;【小问2详解】因函数()()221ln 2f x x ax x x =++的定义域为(0,)+∞,()(2)ln 2(2)(ln 1)f x x a x x a x a x =+++=++',①当2a e ≤-时,若10e x <<,则ln 10,20x x a +<+<,故()0f x '>,即函数()f x 在1(0,)e上单调递增;若1e x >,由20x a +=可得2a x =-.则当1e 2a x <<-时,20x a +<,ln 10x +>,故()0f x '<,即函数()f x 在1(,)e 2a -上单调递减;当2a x >-时,ln 10,20x x a +>+>,故()0f x '>,即函数()f x 在(,)2a -+∞上单调递增;②当2e a >-时,若1e x >,则ln 10,20x x a +>+>,故()0f x '>,即函数()f x 在1(,)e +∞上单调递增;若12e a x -<<,则ln 10,20x x a +<+>,故()0f x '<,即函数()f x 在1(,)2e a -上单调递减;若02a x <<-,则ln 10,20x x a +<+<,故()0f x '>,即函数()f x 在(0,)2a -上单调递增,当2e a =-时,()0f x '≥恒成立,函数()f x 在()0,+∞上单调递增,综上,当2e a <-时,函数()f x 在1(0,)e 上单调递增,在1(,)e 2a -上单调递减,在(,)2a -+∞上单调递增;当2e a =-时,函数()f x 在()0,+∞上单调递增;当2e a >-时,函数()f x 在(0,2a -上单调递增,在1(,2e a -上单调递减,在1(,)e+∞上单调递增.17.已知四棱锥P ABCD -,底面ABCD 为菱形,,PD PB H =为PC 上的点,过AH 的平面分别交,PB PD 于点,M N ,且BD ∥平面AMHN .(1)证明:MN PC ⊥;(2)当H 为PC 的中点,,PA PC PA ==与平面ABCD 所成的角为60︒,求平面PAM 与平面AMN 所成的锐二面角的余弦值.【答案】(1)证明见详解(2)3913【解析】【分析】(1)根据线面垂直可证BD ⊥平面PAC ,则BD PC ⊥,再根据线面平行的性质定理可证BD ∥MN ,进而可得结果;(2)根据题意可证⊥PO 平面ABCD ,根据线面夹角可知PAC 为等边三角形,建立空间直角坐标系,利用空间向量求面面夹角.【小问1详解】设AC BD O = ,则O 为,AC BD 的中点,连接PO ,因为ABCD 为菱形,则AC BD ⊥,又因为PD PB =,且O 为BD 的中点,则PO BD ⊥,AC PO O = ,,AC PO ⊂平面PAC ,所以BD ⊥平面PAC ,且PC ⊂平面PAC ,则BD PC ⊥,又因为BD ∥平面AMHN ,BD ⊂平面PBD ,平面AMHN 平面PBD MN =,可得BD ∥MN ,所以MN PC ⊥.【小问2详解】因为PA PC =,且O 为AC 的中点,则PO AC ⊥,且PO BD ⊥,AC BD O = ,,AC BD ⊂平面ABCD ,所以⊥PO 平面ABCD ,可知PA 与平面ABCD 所成的角为60PAC ∠=︒,即PAC 为等边三角形,设AH PO G =I ,则,G AH G PO ∈∈,且AH⊂平面AMHN ,PO ⊂平面PBD ,可得∈G 平面AMHN ,∈G 平面PBD ,且平面AMHN 平面PBD MN =,所以G MN ∈,即,,AH PO MN 交于一点G ,因为H 为PC 的中点,则G 为PAC 的重心,且BD ∥MN ,则23PM PN PG PB PD PO ===,设2AB =,则11,32PA PC OA OC AC OB OD OP ========,如图,以,,OA OB OP 分别为,,x y z 轴,建立空间直角坐标系,则)()22,0,0,3,0,,1,0,,133A P M N ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,可得()24,1,0,,0,33AM NM AP ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭uuu r uuur uuu r ,设平面AMN 的法向量()111,,x n y z =,则1111203403n AM y z n NM y ⎧⋅=++=⎪⎪⎨⎪⋅==⎪⎩,令11x =,则110,y z ==,可得(n = ,设平面PAM 的法向量()222,,m x y z =,则2222220330m AM y z m AP z ⎧⋅=++=⎪⎨⎪⋅=+=⎩,令2x =,则123,1y z ==,可得)m =u r,可得39cos ,13n m n m n m ⋅===⋅r u r r u r r u r ,所以平面PAM 与平面AMN 所成的锐二面角的余弦值3913.18.已知双曲线22:13y x Γ-=的左、右焦点为1F ,2F ,过2F 的直线l 与双曲线Γ交于A ,B 两点.(1)若AB x ⊥轴,求线段AB (2)若直线l 与双曲线的左、右两支相交,且直线1AF 交y 轴于点M ,直线1BF 交y 轴于点N .(i )若11F AB F MN S S = ,求直线l 的方程;(ii )若1F ,2F 恒在以MN 为直径的圆内部,求直线l 的斜率的取值范围.【答案】(1)线段AB 的长为6;(2)(i )直线l的方程为221x y =±+;(ii )直线l的斜率的取值范围为33(,)(,7447-- .【解析】【分析】(1)直接代入横坐标求解纵坐标,从而求出的值;(2)(i )(ii )先设直线和得到韦达定理,在分别得到两个三角形的面积公式,要求相等,代入韦达定理求出参数的值即可.【小问1详解】由双曲线22:13y x Γ-=的方程,可得221,3a b ==,所以1,2a b c ===,所以1(2,0)F -,2(2,0)F ,若AB x ⊥轴,则直线AB 的方程为2x =,代入双曲线方程可得(2,3),(2,3)A B -,所以线段AB 的长为6;【小问2详解】(i)如图所示,若直线l 的斜率为0,此时l 为x 轴,,A B 为左右顶点,此时1,,F A B 不构成三角形,矛盾,所以直线l 的斜率不为0,设:2l x ty =+,1122()A x y B x y ,,(,),联立22132y x x ty ⎧-=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩,消去x 得22(31)1290t y ty ++=,t 应满足222310Δ14436(31)0t t t ⎧-≠⎨=-->⎩,由根与系数关系可得121222129,3131t y y y y t t +=-=--,直线1AF 的方程为110(2)2y y x x -=++,令0x =,得1122y y x =+,点112(0,2y M x +,直线1BF 的方程为220(2)2y y x x -=++,令0x =,得2222y y x =+,点222(0,2y N x +,121122221111|||||2||2|F F F B A A F B F S y F S S F y y y -=⨯-==- ,111212221||||||222F M N M F MNN S y y x y y y y x x =-=-=-++ 12122112212121212222(4)2(4)8()||||||44(4)(4)4()16y y y ty y ty y y ty ty ty ty t y y t y y +-+-=-==+++++++,由11F AB F MN S S = ,可得1212212128()||2||4()16y y y y t y y t y y -=-+++,所以21212|4()16|4t y y t y y +++=,所以222912|4(16|43131t t t t t ⨯+-+=--,解得22229484816||431t t t t -+-=-,22916||431t t -=-,解得22021t =,经检验,满足222310Δ14436(31)0t t t ⎧-≠⎨=-->⎩,所以t =所以直线l 的方程为221x y =±+;(ii )由1F ,2F 恒在以MN 为直径的圆内部,可得2190F MF >︒∠,所以110F F N M < ,又112211,22(2,)(2,22F y y N x x M F =+=+ ,所以1212224022y y x x +⨯<++,所以121210(2)(2)y y x x +<++,所以1221212104()16y y t y y t y y +<+++,所以2222931109124()163131t t t t t t -+<⨯+-+--,所以22970916t t -<-,解得271699t <<,解得433t <<或433t -<<-,经检验,满足222310Δ14436(31)0t t t ⎧-≠⎨=-->⎩,所以直线l的斜率的取值范围为33(,(,7447-- .【点睛】方法点睛:圆锥曲线中求解三角形面积的常用方法:(1)利用弦长以及点到直线的距离公式,结合12⨯底⨯高,表示出三角形的面积;(2)根据直线与圆锥曲线的交点,利用公共底或者公共高的情况,将三角形的面积表示为12211||||2F F y y ⨯-或121||||2AB x x ⨯-.19.已知{}n a 是各项均为正整数的无穷递增数列,对于*k ∈N ,设集合{}*k i B i a k =∈<N ∣,设k b 为集合k B 中的元素个数,当k B =∅时,规定0k b =.(1)若2n a n =,求1b ,2b ,17b 的值;(2)若2n n a =,设n b 的前n 项和为n S ,求12n S +;(3)若数列{}n b 是等差数列,求数列{}n a 的通项公式.【答案】(1)12170,1,4b b b ===(2)1(1)22n n +-⨯+(3)n a n=【解析】【分析】(1)根据集合新定义,利用列举法依次求得对应值即可得解;(2)根据集合新定义,求得12,b b ,121222i i i b b b i +++==== ,从而利用分组求和法与裂项相消法即可得解.(3)通过集合新定义结合等差数列性质求出11a =,然后利用反证法结合数列{}n a 的单调性求得11n n a a +-=,利用等差数列定义求解通项公式即可;【小问1详解】因为2n a n =,则123451,4,9,16,25a a a a a =====,所以{}*11i B i a =∈<=∅N ∣,{}*22{1}i B i a =∈<=N ∣,{}*1717{1,2,3,i B i a =∈<=N ∣,故12170,1,4b b b ===.【小问2详解】因为2n n a =,所以123452,4,8,16,32a a a a a =====,则**12{|1},{|2}i i B i a B i a =∈<=∅=∈<=∅N N ,所以10b =,20b =,当122i i k +<≤时,则满足i a k <的元素个数为i ,故121222i i i b b b i +++==== ,所以()()()1112345672122822n n n n S b b b b b b b b b b b ++++=++++++++++++ 1212222n n =⨯+⨯++⨯ ,注意到12(1)2(2)2n n n n n n +⨯=-⨯--⨯,所以121321202(1)21202(1)2(2)2n n nS n n ++=⨯--⨯+⨯-⨯++-⨯--⨯ 1(1)22n n +=-⨯+.【小问3详解】由题可知11a ≥,所以1B =∅,所以10b =,若12a m =≥,则2B =∅,1{1}m B +=,所以20b =,11m b +=,与{}n b 是等差数列矛盾,所以11a =,设()*1n n n d a a n +=-∈N ,因为{}n a 是各项均为正整数的递增数列,所以*n d ∈N ,假设存在*k ∈N 使得2k d ≥,设k a t =,由12k k a a +-≥得12k a t ++≥,由112k k a t t t a +=<+<+≤得t b k <,21t t b b k ++==,与{}n b 是等差数列矛盾,所以对任意*n ∈N 都有1n d =,所以数列{}n a 是等差数列,1(1)n a n n =+-=.【点睛】方法点睛:求解新定义运算有关的题目,关键是理解和运用新定义的概念以及元算,利用化归和。
湖南省长沙市一中、湖南师大附中2025届高考数学三模试卷含解析
湖南省长沙市一中、湖南师大附中2025届高考数学三模试卷注意事项:1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B 铅笔填涂;非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.某空间几何体的三视图如图所示(图中小正方形的边长为1),则这个几何体的体积是( )A .323B .643 C .16 D .322.已知函数2()ln(1)f x x x -=+-,则函数(1)=-y f x 的图象大致为( )A .B .C .D .3.已知复数z 满足(12)43i z i +=+,则z 的共轭复数是( )A .2i -B .2i +C .12i +D .12i -4.已知点()11,A x y ,()22,B x y 是函数()2f x a x bx =+的函数图像上的任意两点,且()y f x =在点1212,22x x x x f ⎛++⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭处的切线与直线AB 平行,则( ) A .0a =,b 为任意非零实数 B .0b =,a 为任意非零实数C .a 、b 均为任意实数D .不存在满足条件的实数a ,b 5.已知集合A ={x ∈N |x 2<8x },B ={2,3,6},C ={2,3,7},则()A B C ⋃=( )A .{2,3,4,5}B .{2,3,4,5,6}C .{1,2,3,4,5,6}D .{1,3,4,5,6,7} 6.若命题:从有2件正品和2件次品的产品中任选2件得到都是正品的概率为三分之一;命题:在边长为4的正方形内任取一点,则的概率为,则下列命题是真命题的是( ) A . B . C . D .7.已知平面α和直线a ,b ,则下列命题正确的是( )A .若a ∥b ,b ∥α,则a ∥αB .若a b ⊥,b α⊥,则a ∥αC .若a ∥b ,b α⊥,则a α⊥D .若a b ⊥,b ∥α,则a α⊥ 8.使得()3n x n N x x +⎛+∈ ⎝的展开式中含有常数项的最小的n 为( ) A .4 B .5 C .6 D .79.已知函数()()()1sin ,13222,3100x x f x f x x π⎧-≤≤⎪=⎨⎪-<≤⎩,若函数()f x 的极大值点从小到大依次记为12,?··n a a a ,并记相应的极大值为12,,?··n b b b ,则()1n i i i a b =+∑的值为( ) A .5022449+ B .5022549+ C .4922449+ D .4922549+10.已知,,,m n l αβαβαβ⊥⊂⊂=,则“m ⊥n”是“m ⊥l ”的A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件 11.函数()()ln 12f x x x =+-的定义域为( ) A .()2,+∞ B .()()1,22,-⋃+∞ C .()1,2- D .1,212.一个盒子里有4个分别标有号码为1,2,3,4的小球,每次取出一个,记下它的标号后再放回盒子中,共取3次,则取得小球标号最大值是4的取法有( )A .17种B .27种C .37种D .47种二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2019-2020学年长沙市第一中学高三语文三模试卷及答案
2019-2020学年长沙市第一中学高三语文三模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。
出关鲁迅老子到了函谷关,没有直走通到关口的大道,却把青牛一勒,转入岔路,然而他更料不到当他弯进岔路的时候,已经给探子望见,立刻去报告了关官。
所以绕不到七八丈路,一群人马就从后面追来了。
那个探子跃马当先,其次是关官,就是关尹喜,还带着四个巡警和两个签子手。
“站住!”几个人大叫着。
老子连忙勒住青牛,自己是一动也不动,好像一段呆木头。
“阿呀!”关官一冲上前,看见了老子的脸,就惊叫了一声,即刻滚鞍下马,打着拱,说道:“我道是谁,原来是老聃馆长。
这真是万想不到的。
”老子也赶紧爬下牛背来,细着眼睛,看了那人一看,含含胡胡地说:“我记性坏……”“自然,自然,先生是忘记了的。
我是关尹喜,先前因为上图书馆去查《税收精义》,曾经拜访过先生……”这时签子手便翻了一通青牛上的鞍鞯,又用签子刺一个洞,伸进指头去掏了一下,一声不响,撅着嘴走开了。
“先生在城圈边溜溜?”关尹喜问。
“不,我想出去,换换新鲜空气……”“那很好呢!那好极了!现在谁都讲卫生,卫生是顶要紧的。
不过机会难得,我们要请先生到关上去住几天,听听先生的教训……”老子还没有回答,四个巡警就一拥上前,把他扛在牛背上。
签子手用签子在牛屁股上刺了一下,牛把尾巴一卷,就放开脚步,一同向关口跑去了。
……大家喝过开水,再吃饽饽。
让老子休息一会儿之后,关尹喜就提议要他讲学了。
老子早知道这是免不掉的,就满口答应。
于是轰轰了一阵,屋里逐渐坐满了听讲的人们。
同来的八人之外,还有四个巡警、两个签子手、五个探子、一个书记、一个账房和一个厨房。
有几个还带着笔、刀、木札,预备抄讲义。
老子像一段木头似的坐在中央,沉默了一会儿,这才咳嗽几声,白胡子里面的嘴唇动起来了。
大家即刻屏住呼吸,侧着耳朵听。
只听他慢慢地说道:“道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名。
无名,天地之始;有名,万物之母。
2021年长沙市第一中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案
2021年长沙市第一中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AGetting your kid to bed at night is seriously one of the most challenging things you'll ever have to do. Most kids are just so full of energy that they'll tire you out before they're halfway through their store of energy. An easy thing to calm down your child to get into bed is giving in and allowing some iPad screen time. However, it's really not a great idea, just like you thought.Researchers at theArizonaStateUniversityconducted a study with 547 kids between the ages of 7 to 9. Their parents tracked how much screen time the kids were allowed along with their sleep patterns. The study found that kids who did not engage in screen time before bed slept for 23 more minutes every week and also went to sleep about 34 minutes earlier than those playing with iPad. Although that might not seem like so much more time, quality of sleep is vastly important in Children's development.The CDC's (美国疾病控制中心)2018 National Youth Risk Survey outlines that good quality sleep can impact a child's life in many ways, including affecting grades and also weight gain. Students with an "A" average slept for 30 or more minutes per night than those with a "D" or"F" average.A 2018PennsylvaniaStateUniversitystudy showed that children with irregular bedtimes had a higher risk of having increased body weight. Those with consistent and age-appropriate bedtimes when they were 9 years old had a healthier BMI (体质指数)at age 15 than those with irregular bedtimes.Hard as it is, it's really important not to give in and hand over an iPad to your child who is about to go to bed. Just like it's important for adults to go to sleep without any distractions, it's even more important for kids.1. What do the findings of the researchers at theArizonaStateUniversitysuggest?A. More sleep is necessary for children's development.B. Enough sleep helps improve academic performances.C. Screen time before bed leads to later and less sleep.D. Children sleeping irregularly are easy to gain weight.2. What is the text mainly about?A. How is screen time affecting teenagers?B. What are negative effects of irregular bedtimes?C. When should you get your kid to bed at night?D. Why is screen time before bed a bad idea for kids?3. Who is the text intended for?A. Parents.B. Children.C. Teachers.D. Researchers.BIvy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northeastern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are considered to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term “Ivy League” came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like basketball. Although the term “Ivy League” was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarships, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All carry a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, making them some of the most sought-after schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helps the schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long beencovetedto have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Today, the Ivy League schools are stillexcellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initially famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didn’t come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields.5. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB. The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueD. The future development of the Ivy League6. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite?A. Because they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students.C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because manycompanies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.7. What does the underlined word “coveted” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB.DesiredC. restrictedD. sponsoredCI cried the first time I saw the Notre Dame(巴黎圣母院)years ago. I'd waited my entire life to see this great French architecture, and experienced it in its full glory on a bright sunny day. Last night, I again cried for the centuries-old church while watching it burn.I hadn't expected to spend my evening that way. My friend and I were having dinner at a cafe a block or so away from the Notre Dame, choosing to skip going inside with the intention to go back the next day.However, we heard that it caught fire, so we left the cafe and ran towards the church, following heavy smoke from it, and soon we joined a nearly silent crowd. Some were praying, some were crying, but most were staring in disbelief at the disaster happening before us. The fire continued to get worse. About 400 firefighters were working to control the fire. We could see their flashlights shining as they inspected the front from a balcony.The Notre Dame is part of the heartbeat ofParis, I reflected on the experiences I've had there, from attending a bread market out front to admiring the beautiful windows and architecture inside. It is a spot that helps makeParismagical. And here we were, watching it burn down. It was too much to handle, but it was impossible to look away.About 9:30 pm, the gathered crowd spontaneously(自发地)began to sing Hymns(圣歌)to the church. We sang along with the group, feeling at once less like tourists and more like members of them. I hadn't imagined all that before.For hundreds of years, the Notre Dame hasseen the most joyous and the most terrible moments in the lives of both France and her people. And when everyone was able to become one emotional force, it showed that even in her darkest hour, the Notre Dame was still there to bring us all together.8. Why did the author cry for the Notre Dame for the first time?A. She was touched by its greatness.B. She was sorrowful to watch it burn.C. She was regretful for missing its glory.D. She was excited about French cultures.9. What was the author doing when the Notre Dame caught fire?A. Heading for a faraway cafe.B. Visiting a church with a friend.C. Eating nearby with a friend.D. Wandering along the street alone.10. What can we know about the fire scene?A. People expressed their sadness in different ways.B. People were nervously rushing in different directions.C. Hundreds of volunteers joined in putting out the fire.D. Firefighters kept people away with shining flashlights.11. What impressed the author most?A. The church allowed visitors to gaingreat experiences.B. Many foreign tourists became members of the church.C. The church survived disasters for hundreds of years.D. People were brought together to sing to the church.DWhen Chip heard the mail truck arriving on his sixth birthday, herushed out—not knowing that he’d come back with a treasure.Outside the house, which was decorated with birthday balloons, postwoman Shelley held a pile of boxes. Onewas marked with Chip’s name and a greeting for his Special day, November 5.“So,” when he came running out the door, she said, “You must be Chip!” And he said,“Yes.” She said, “Today’s your birthday?” And he started smiling. Shelley said, “So, let me see if I can find you something for your birthday.”She checked her pocket and surprised him with a gift: a dollar bill and four quarters.On this day, the 42-year-old postwoman made one little boy very happy. “He was very excited,” said his mom, Bonnie. “He came running back in the house just waving his money.” Chip is saving up to buy a Spider-man action figure.“Our family has had money problems since I lost my job. Gestures like that are valuable memories.” Her hope is that Chip and his eight-year-old sister, Bennett, will remember this when they grow up. “Not the ugly that is out there right now, but the good and the kind and the giving.”A photo of a smiling Chip and Shelley next to the mail truck has been shared widely on social media. Shelley said she was just trying to give back, because people are often nice to her eight-year-old son, Joshua.On a recent day, Chip heard the mail truck and rushed out again, this time to deliver an envelope with a thank-you card for his favorite mail carrier. Since that day, the families have kept in contact. Shelley has struggled to find someone who can take care of her son, and Bonnie has agreed to watch him at her home while his mom is on her mail route.12. Why did Chip rush out when he heard the mail truck the first time?A. To thank the postwoman.B. To get a gift box mailed to him.C. To receive birthday wishes from the driver.D. To watch the mail truck.13. What did Shelley do to make Chip happy?A. She gave him some pocket money.B. She sent him some birthday balloons.C. She presented him with a greeting card.D. She bought him a Spider-man action figure.14. What is Chip’s mother’s attitude towards Shelley?A. Grateful.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Indifferent.15. What does Chip’s mother do to help Shelley?A. She offers to deliver the mails for her.B. She often helps drive her mail truck.C. She looks after her son when she is at work.D. She posts pictures of her mail truck on social media.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三下学期三模物理试题(含答案)
湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高考物理三模试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上.2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、选择题:本题共6小题,每小题4分,共24分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求.1.电影《热辣滚烫》讲述了一个女孩通过学习拳击实现自我蜕变的励志故事。
沙袋用绳竖直悬挂,主角对沙袋施加300N的作用力,通过调整施力方向使沙袋缓慢移动,尝试了各种施力方向后发现绳偏离竖直方向的最大夹角为,则沙袋的重力为( )A.B.C.D.2.如图所示,一束复色光从真空射向半圆形玻璃砖的表面,在圆心O处发生折射,光分成了两束单色光ab分别从AB两点射出,下列说法正确的是( )A.玻璃对a光的折射率小于对b光的折射率B.a光从O传播到A的时间大于b光从O传播到B的时间C.若该复色光由红光与紫光组成,则a光为红光D.若用同一双缝干涉装置实验,可看到a光的干涉条纹间距比b光的大3.2023年8月24日,日本政府正式向海洋排放福岛第一核电站的核污水,其中含有放射性元素多达64种,在这些元素中有21种半衰期超过10年,其中有一种含量最高却难以被清除的氢同位素氚,氚核的衰变方程为,半衰期为12.5年,X为新生成的粒子。
关于氚核的衰变下列说法正确的是( )A.X粒子来自原子核的外部B.经过50年,氚的含量为初始的C.通过升高海水温度可以改变氚的半衰期D.的比结合能比的比结合能小4.图甲是水上乐园里的“波浪滑梯”,图乙是它的简化模型。
它由四段长度相同的光滑斜面组合而成,其中ab平行于cd,bc平行于de,设一物体从a点由静止开始下滑,到达e点,物体在经过各段连接处时速度大小不会突变。
2020年湖南省长沙县第一中学高三语文三模试题及答案
2020年湖南省长沙县第一中学高三语文三模试题及答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面一篇文章,完成下面小题。
法国社会学家雅克·埃吕指出,从来没有得到说理机会的人们,习惯了别人怎么说,自己就跟着怎么相信。
在不允许自由思想、独立判断的环境中长大的人们也是一样,他们非常容易接受宣传,他们最怕的就是与众人、与集体、与领导不合拍或意见不同。
发生这种情况时,他们会本能地感觉到“孤立”和“不安全”,觉得“可能会招惹麻烦”。
宣传利用的就是他们的这种焦虑和害怕的感觉。
然而,容易上当受骗的并不只是那些没有动脑筋习惯和能力的愚民。
19世纪英国作家科尔顿说,“有些骗局布设得如此巧妙,只有傻子才不受骗上当。
”那些布设巧妙的往往是大谎言,人不容易轻信小谎言,却很容易相信大谎言。
小谎很容易揭穿,而谎言越大,就越不可能揭穿,例如,纳粹说犹太人有统治世界的阴谋,又有谁能够证明犹太人没有这样的阴谋?希特勒说,“一般的人,倒不是有意要想作恶,而是本来就人心败坏。
他们头脑简单,比较容易上大谎的当,而不是小谎的当。
他们自己就经常在小事情上说谎,而不好意思在大事情上说谎。
大谎是他们想不出来的,就算是听到弥天大谎,他们也不能想象能有这么大的弥天大谎。
”谎言是一种构筑生活世界的伪劣材料,在真假难辨的情况下,被欺骗者会心甘情愿地用它来构筑自己的生活世界图景。
即使在明白的情况下,告别这样的生活世界图景也是很困难的。
长期接受和依赖谎言的人们,甚至还有在谎言破灭后,自己也加入到维持谎言中的。
1950 年代,一位名叫玛丁的家庭主妇,她是一个叫“追求者”的地方教派的组织人,她向她的信众们宣称,在1955年12月25日,一场洪水将会摧毁世界,而外星人会驾着飞碟来解救他们,把他们带到安全的地方。
“追求者”们为世界末日做好了一切准备,辞去了工作、变卖了家产,甚至把裤子上的铜拉链都剪掉了,以免妨碍飞碟的电子通讯。
结果,当那一天到来时,世界并没有毁灭。
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湖南省长沙市一中高三第三次模拟考试理科综合可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1、C-12、N-14、O-16、Al-27 、S-32、Fe-56、Cu---64 Hg--201 1.下列有关细胞生命活动的叙述,错误的是()A.细胞可通过细胞膜表面各种糖蛋白与周围环境进行信息交流B.下丘脑细胞接受信息,合成并分泌促性腺激素释放激素C.B淋巴细胞受特定抗原刺激后,代谢活动改变并增殖分化D.原癌基因突变促使细胞癌变,抑癌基因突变抑制细胞癌变2.正常雄性果蝇的某一体细胞处于有丝分裂的后期时,细胞中染色体的形态有()A.4种B.5种C.8种D.16种3.以下有关生物变异的叙述,正确的是()A.自然选择可改变种群基因频率,但突变和重组不改变种群基因频率。
B.基因的自由组合和染色体数目改变均不会引起DNA碱基序列的改变C.基因重组导致杂合体Aa自交后代出现性状分离D.花药离体培养过程中,基因重组、基因突变和染色体变异均有可能发生4.将①、②两个植株杂交,得到③,将③再作进一步处理,如下图所示。
下列分析错误的是()A.由③到⑦过程发生了同源染色体分离、非同源染色体自由组合B.获得④和⑧植株的原理不同C.若③的基因型为AaBbdd,则⑩植株中能稳定遗传的个体占总数的1/4D.图中各种筛选过程均不改变基因频率5.一位同学在探究NaHS溶液对柳条不定根发生及其生长的影响时,根据实验数据,得到以下两个图。
据图分析正确的是()A .0.1~1mmol/L 的NaHS 溶液对柳条生根均有促进作用B .0.6mmol/L 的NaHS 溶液抑制柳条生根而促进其根的生长C .NaHS 溶液促进柳条不定根生长的最适浓度一定是0.2mmol/LD .一定浓度范围内的NaHS 溶液对柳条生根和根的伸长有促进作用6.某生态系统的营养结构如下图所示,有关叙述正确的是A .图中反映了该生态系统具有能量流动、物质循环和信息传递功能B .①和②、②和③之间存在信息交流,①和③之间则没有C .如按最高传递效率计算,③通过该营养结构获得的能量大于①所同化能量的1/25D .若图中②由于某种原因而灭绝,则③的数量一定会减少7.世界气候大会于2009年12月在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开。
会议的主题是“促进低碳经济,减少2CO 的排放”。
下列行为中不符合这一主题的是A .限制化工发展,关停化工企业,消除污染源头B .开发新能源,如太阳能、风能等,减少对化石能源的依赖C .加快研发利用二氧化碳合成聚碳酸酯类可降解塑料D .推广煤的气化、液化技术、提供清洁燃料和化工原料8.在下列各溶液中,一定能大量共存的离子组是 ( )A .常温下水电离的c(H+)为1×10-12mol/l 的溶液中:Fe3+、Na+、Cl-、NO3-B .常温下c(OH-)/c(H+)=1014的溶液中:K+、Mg2+、Cl-、Br-C .含有大量HCO3-的澄清透明溶液中:K+、C6H5O-、Cl-、Na+D .能与金属铝反应放出氢气的溶液中:K+、NO3-、Cl-、Fe2+9.短周期元素X 、Y 、Z 的原子序数依次递增,其原子的最外层电子数之和为13。
Y 、Z 同周期,X 与Y 、Z 位于相邻周期,Z 原子最外层电子数是X 原子内层电子数的3倍或者是Y原子最外层电子数的3倍。
下列说法正确的是()A.X的氢化物溶于水显酸性B.X与Y形成化合物的化学式为YXC.Y的氧化物是离子化合物D.X和Z的最高价氧化物对应的水化物都是弱酸解析:X、Y和Z分别为:N、Mg和S,则NH3溶于水显碱性,A错;X与Y形成化合物的化学式为Mg3N2,B错;MgO是离子化合物,C正确;HNO3和H2SO4都是强酸,D错。
10.霉酚酸酯(MMF)是器官移植中抑制细胞增殖最常用的药物。
下列说法正确的是()A.MMF能溶于水B.MMF能发生取代反应和消去反应C.1molMMF能与6mol氢气发生加成反应D.1molMMF能与含3molNaOH的水溶液完全反应解析:MMF难溶于水;MMF能发生取代反应。
则A、B、C错误。
11.已知:25 ℃时,Ksp[Mg(OH)2]=5.61×10-12,Ksp[MgF2]=7.43×10-11。
下列说法正确的是A. 25 ℃时,饱和Mg(OH)2溶液与饱和MgF2溶液相比,前者的c(Mg2+)大B. 25 ℃时,在Mg(OH)2的悬浊液中加入少量的NH4Cl固体,c(Mg2+)增大C. 25 ℃时,Mg(OH)2固体在20 mL 0.01 mol·L-1氨水中的Ksp比在20 mL 0.01 mol·L-1 NH4Cl 溶液中的Ksp小D.25 ℃时,在Mg(OH)2悬浊液中加入NaF溶液后,Mg(OH)2不可能转化为MgF212.用NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列叙述正确的是A.由CO2和O2组成的混合物中共有NA个分子,其中的氧原子数为2NAB.标准状况下,22.4L己烷中共价键数目为19NAC.常温常压下的33.6L氯气与27g铝充分反应,转移电子数为3NAD.1L浓度为1mol·L-1的Na2CO3溶液中含有的CO32-为NA个13.用铅蓄电池电解甲、乙电解池中的溶液。
已知铅蓄电池的总反应为:Pb(s) +PbO2(s) +2 H2SO4(aq) 2 PbSO4 (s) +2 H2O (l)电解一段时间后,发现a极上析出红色固体物质,下列说法正确的是A.d极为阴极B .若利用甲池精炼铜,b 极应为粗铜C .放电时铅蓄电池负极的电极反应式为:PbO2(s) + 4 H +(aq)+SO4 2-(aq)+4e - = PbSO4 (s) +2H2O (l)D .若四个电极材料均为石墨,当析出6.4 g Cu 时,两池中共产生气体3.36 L(标准状况下)二、选择题(本题包括8小题,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的只有一个选项正确,有的有多个选项正确。
全部选对的得6分,选对但不全的得3分,不选或有选错的得0分)14.下列说法正确的是 ( )A .牛顿发现万有引力定律并精确测出了引力常量B .法拉第首先提出了场的概念,并用电场线和磁感线形象地描述电场和磁场C .物理学中所有的物理量都是用比值法定义的D .弹力、摩擦力属于万有引力作用15.如图所示,重20N 的物体放在粗糙水平面上,用力F =8N 的力斜向下推物体,F 与水平面成30 角,物体与平面间的动摩擦因数μ=0.5,则 ( )A .物体对地面的压力为24NB .物体所受的摩擦力为12NC .物体所受的合力为5ND .物体所受的合力为零16. 右图是一种升降电梯的示意图,A 为载人箱,B 为平衡重物,它们的质量均为M ,上下均有跨过滑轮的钢索系住,在电动机的牵引下使电梯上下运动.如果电梯中载人的总质量为m ,匀速上升的速度为v ,电梯即将到顶层前关闭电动机,依靠惯性上升h 高度后停止,在不计空气和摩擦阻力的情况下,h 为 ( ) A .g v 22B .mg v m M 2)(2+ C .mg v m M 2)(+ D .mg v m M 2)2(2+17.我国的神州七号飞船于2008年9月25日晚9时10分载着3名宇航员顺利升空,并成功进行“太空行走”和返回地面,从而被外国称为我国是太空中“没有第四名的奖牌得主”。
设“神七”在绕地球做半径为r 的匀速圆周运动时,飞船舱内质量为m 的航天员翟志刚站在可称 电动体重的台秤上。
用R 表示地球的半径,g 表示地球表面处的重力加速度,g '表示飞船所在处的地球引力加速度,N 表示人对秤的压力,则下列说法中正确的是( ) A .0='g B . C . D .mg r R N =18.两个相距很近的等量异种点电荷组成的系统称为电偶极子。
设相距为l ,电荷量分别为q +和q -的点电荷构成电偶极子,如图所示。
取二者连线方向为y 轴方向,中点O 为原点,建立如图所示的xOy 坐标系,P 点距坐标原点O 的距离为(r r >>)l ,P 、O 两点间的连线与y 轴正方向的夹角为θ,设无穷远处的电势为零,P 点的电势为ϕ,真空中静电力常量为k 。
下面给出ϕ的四个表达式,其中只有一个是合理的。
你可能不会求解P 点的电势ϕ,但是你可以通过一定的物理分析,对下列表达式的合理性做出判断。
根据你的判断,ϕ的合理表达式应为A .sin =kql r θϕB .2cos =kqr l θϕ C .2cos =kql r θϕ D .2sin =kql r θϕ19.氧化锡传感器主要用于汽车尾气中一氧化碳浓度的检测。
它的电阻随一氧化碳浓度的变化而变化,在如图 所示的电路中,不同的一氧化碳浓度对应着传感器的不同电阻,这样,显示仪表的指针就与一氧化碳浓度有了对应关系,观察仪表指针就能判断一氧化碳是否超标。
有一种氧化锡传感器,其电阻的倒数与一氧化碳的浓度成正比,那么,电压表示数U 与一氧化碳浓度C 之间的对应关系正确的是 ( )A .U 越大,表示C 越大,C 与U 成正比B .U 越大,表示C 越小,C 与U 成反比C .U 越大,表示C 越大,但是C 与U 不成正比D .U 越大,表示C 越小,但是C 与U 不成反比20.如图,光滑斜面的倾角为θ,斜面上放置一矩形导体线框abcd ,ab 边的边长为1l ,bc 边的边长为2l ,线框的质量为m ,电阻为R ,线框通过细棉线绕过光滑的滑轮与重物相连,重物质量为M ,斜面上ef 线(ef 平行底边)的右上方有垂直斜面向上的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B ,如果线框从静止开始运动,进入磁场的最初一段时间是做匀速运动的,且线框的ab 边始终平行底边,则下列说法正确的是 ( )A .线框进入磁场前运动的加速度为 m M mg Mg +-θsinB .线框进入磁场时匀速运动的速度为1)sin (Bl Rmg Mg θ-C .线框做匀速运动的总时间为221(sin )B l Mg mg R θ-D .该匀速运动过程产生的焦耳热为2)sin (l mg Mg θ-21.材料、粗细相同,长度不同的电阻丝做成ab 、cd 、ef 三种形状的导线,分别放在电阻可忽略的光滑金属导轨上,并与导轨垂直,如图所示,匀强磁场方向垂直导轨平面向内,施加外力使导线水平向右做匀速运动,且每次外力所做功的功率相同,已知三根导线在导轨间的长度关系是Lab <Lcd <Lef ,则 ( )A .ab 运动速度最大B .ef 运动速度最大C .因三根导线切割磁感线的有效长度相同,故它们产生的感应电动势相同D .三根导线每秒产生的热量相同第Ⅱ卷二、实验题(15分)本题共2个小题,13题6分,14题9分,把答案填写在指定的位置或按题目要求作答22.(6分)①如图所示为某同学所安装的“验证牛顿第二定律”的实验装置,在图示状态下,开始做实验,该同学的装置和操作中的主要错误是_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。