高考英语正误例析动词不定式

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高考英语正误例析动词不定式
1.我以为你最好不要把那件事告诉她||。

误: I think you'd better not to tell her about it.
正: I think you'd better not tell her about it.
析:在助动词 (do/will/shall)、情态动词(can/may/must/could/should/would)、 had better以及“ Will you please...?”等后边应接省去to 的动词不定式 ||。

其否认形式是在动词前加“ not”||。

2.我终于使他改变了想法||。

误: I made him to change his mind at last .
正: I made him change his mind at last .
析:英语中的感官动词 (see/hear/watch/find/feel/look at/listen to)以及使役动词 (make/have/let) 等 ||,后跟不定式作宾语补足语时||,要用省去 to 的动词不定式 ||。

值得注意的是:将其主动语态变成被
动语态时 ||,“ to”要加上 ||。

3.老师叫孩子们不要在教室里踢足球||。

误: The teacher told (asked) the children not play football in the classroom.
正: The teacher told (asked) the children not to play football in the classroom.
析:在动词 tell/ask/want/order/like/teach/wish/would like (love)等动词后 ||,跟不定式作宾语补足语时||,要带 to||,其否认形式是在to 前加 not||。

4.请告诉他们下一步该怎么办||。

误: Please tell them what to do it next.
误: Please tell them how to do next.
正: Please tell them what to do next.
正: Please tell them how to do it next.
析:不定式在与疑问代词what/who/which等连用时||,这些疑问代词自己已作了不定式的宾语||,故在不定式后不必再有其余名词或代词作宾语||。

可是 ||,假如不定式与疑问副词how|| , when||,where 等连用 ||,该动词不定式要么是不及物动词||,要么是“及物动词+宾语”||。

如:
I don ’ t know which to choose.
我不知道选哪一个||。

Do you know where to find him?
你知道在哪儿能找到他吗?
5.那位老人没有房屋住||。

误: That old man has no room to live.
正: That old man has no room to live in.
析:作定语用的动词不定式||,若为不及物动词||,在该动词以后应加上适合的介词||。

再如: Did he have anything to worry about ?(他有什么担忧的吗?)
6.这个箱子对那个孩子来说太重了||,搬不动 ||。

误: The box is too heavy for the child to carry it.
正: The box is too heavy for the child to carry.
正: The box isn ’ t light enough for the child to carry.
正: The box is so heavy that the child can ’ t carry it.
析:在“主语 +be + too + 形容词to do ”句型中 ||,句中的主语 ||,
同时又是不定式的逻辑宾语 ||。

故在不定式后不必再加其余名词或代
词来作不定式的宾语 ||。

7.我们停下来歇息一会儿吧||。

误: Let ’s stop having a rest.
正: Let ’s stop to have a rest.
析: stop doing sth 与 stop to do sth 含义不一样 ||,前者表示“停止做
某事”;后者指“停下往来做另一件事”||。

8.明日别忘了把你的书带来||。

误: Don’ t forget bringing your book here tomorrow.
正: Don’ t forget to bring your book here tomorrow.
析: forget/remember doing sth 意思是“忘掉 /记得做过某事”(已做过某事); forget/remember to do sth 指“忘掉 / 记得要去做某事”(某事还没有做) ||。

9.当我经过他家时||,我听到他在唱歌||。

误: When I walked past his house|| , I heard him sing in the room.正:When I walked past his house|| , I heard him singing in the room. 析:在感官动词“ see/watch/hear/listen to/look at/feel ”等后边 ||,用省去“ to”的动词不定式作宾语补足语 ||,表示动作已达成 ||。

用动词 -ing 作宾语补足语 ||,表示动作正在进行 ||。

10.你为什么不出去散漫步?
误: Why not to go out for a walk?
正: Why not go out for a walk? /Why don’ t you go out for a walk?析:“ why not + 动词原形?”相当于“Why don ’t you + 动词原形?”是表示建议的句型||,意思是“为什么不;干嘛不?” ||。

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