论商务英语翻译中的文化转向

Cultural TurnInTranslation of Business EnglishCao TingShanghai Maritime UniversityJune, 2005摘要随着全球化的发展，世界各国之间的经济文化交流日趋频繁。

翻译作为交流手段和媒介在这一过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。

本文拟以翻译中的文化转向为基础，选取商务英语翻译为视角，试图分析国际商务英语翻译中的文化转向。

本论文结合翻译学的研究成果和商务文化的实例进行对比研究，来探索一条商务活动中成功实现文化转向的途径。

本论文共分三部分。

第一部分由三章组成:第一章简要介绍了翻译这一综合学科的发展历史及在全球化背景下所赋予的新的内涵。

第二章围绕文化这一主题，分析了其内涵、特点、作用等，并引入了文化转向这一新颖的概念，包括它的由来及在翻译界的深入发展。

第三章辩证地分析了翻译与文化的关系;其中涉及到翻译、文化与语言三者之间的相互关系。

整个第一部分为本论文做了坚实的理论铺垫，使研究在这个基础上顺利进入到商务英语翻译中文化转向的探讨。

第二部分是论文的核心部分，由三章组成。

第一章对国际商务英语做了简要介绍，包括商务英语的定义、特点等。

第二章则深入到国际商务英语的翻译这一话题中，主要分析了国际商务英语翻译的重要性、实用性及其适用标准。

第三章具体探讨了国际商务英语翻译中的文化转向问题，即在跨文化交际的背景下，商务英语翻译必须适应不同的文化背景，从而实现从源语到译语的顺利转换过程。

论文的第三部分是结论。

作者重申了翻译和文化的关系，再次点明主题一商务英语翻译中的文化转向.硕士研究生:曹婷指导教师:范苗福副教授关键词:翻译，文化转向，国际商务英语AbstractWith the development of globalization, exchanges of economy andculture among different countries are becoming more and more frequent.Translation, as a tool and bridge of communication, plays a significantrole in this course. Based on cultural turn in translation, this thesischooses business English translation as the angel of view, making atentative exploration of cultural turn in translating business English. Theaim is to find an access to smooth communication in different culturalbackgrounds.The thesis is composed of three parts. In Part One, there are threechapters. To clear up the ground, the first chapter gives a generalintroduction to this comprehensive subject一translation as well as its newconnotation in the bac比round of globalization. Focusing on topic ofculture, the second chapter analyzes connotations, characteristics andfunctions of culture and introduces a novel concept一cultural turn into theresearch. The third chapter carries out the exploration of the dialecticrelationship between translation and culture, including their relationshipwith language.Based on the firm theories of Part One, the second part一the core ofthis paper goes to the research of business English translation naturallyand smoothly. It consists of three chapters. In Chapter One, a briefintroduction to international business English is given, such as definition, features and so on. The second chapter discusses deeply the translation ofbusiness English, mainly analyzing the inevitability and significance ofbusiness English translation as well as its criteria of translation. ChapterThree focuses on the key topic of the paper一cultural turn in translationof business English, aiming at exploring how business Englishtranslation is adapted to different cultural backgrounds, thus successfullyaccomplishing the transfer from source language to target language.As the conclusion of the paper, Part Three reiterates the relationshipbetween translation and culture, again pointing out that translation ofbusiness English is taking a cultural turn.Key Words: translation, cultural turn, international business EnglishCultural Turnin Translation of International Business English Cultural Turn.............................................，.......，....，.，.. (1)Introduction.................，.....................................................，............................，. (3)PART 1 Translation and Culture..........，.....，.............................，..........S Chapter I Introduction to Translation of English.，.............， (5)1 .1 .1 Development of Translation study....................，...，. (5)1 .1.2 Concepts of Translation....，.................................................， (7)Chapter II Culture and Cultural Turn....................，.. (10)1.2.1 Introduction to Culture....，..............，...................，. (10)1.2.1.1 Definitions and Connotations..................，.. (10)1.2.1.2 Foundations of Culture......................，.. (13)1.2.1.3 Characteristics of Culture.............，二，. (16)1.2.1.4 Three Levels of Culture (18)1.2.1.5 Basic Functions of Culture.，.......，..............，. (20)1.2.2 Chinese and Western Cultures ........，.，.......，.......，.. (21)1.2.2.1 Chinese Culture.................，....................，......， (21)1.2.2.2 Western Culture .........................，..................................，.. (24)1.2.3 Cultural Turn..................................................，. (27)1.2.3.1 Introduction to Cultural Turn..............，......................，.， (27)1.2.3.1.1 The Origin and Implication of the Cultural Turn (27)1.2.3.1.2 Cultural Turn and Linguistic Turn........， (30)1.2.3.2 Cultural Turn in Translation (31)1.2.3.2.1 Inevitability of Culture Study in Translation.....， (31)1.2.3.2.2.Impo rtance of Cultural Sensitivity (33)1.2.3.2.3Third Culture ...……，.，..................................…‘.…，二34Chapter III Translation and Culture...................................................， (35)1.3.1 Relationship between Translation and Culture...........，.. (35)1.3.1.1 Translation and Culture.，........................................……，.，351.3.1.2 Culture and Language二，....，.....................，.................， (36)1.3.1.3 Translation, Culture and Language................................…，391.3 .2 Two Angles of View.................................，.， (41)1.3.3 Two Steps一Translation in Terms of Culture (42)1.3.3.1 Understanding.............， (42)1.3.3.2 Expressing .........，.....，.............，二，. (44)PART II Cultural Turn in Translating Business English (46)Chapter I A General Introduction to International Business English (46)2.1 .1 Definition of International Business English.....，，......................，. (46)2.1.2 Features of International Business English.................................，.. (46)Chapter II Translation of International Business English (47)2.2.1 Importance of Translation of International Business English (47)2.2.2 Present Situation of Translation of International Business English (48)2.2.3 International Business is a Course of Translation (49)2.2.4 Criteria of International Business English Translation....， (50)2.2.4.1 "4E's" Criteria...................................……，..…，二502.2.4.2 Related Translation Criteria......,............................., (53)2,2.4.2.1 Functional Equivalence (53)2.2.4.2.2 "Semantic Translation" and "Communicative Translation"...，二54Chapter III Cultural Turn in Translation of International Business English (54)2.3.1 Business and Cross-cultural Communication.，.............，......，.. (55)2.3.1.1 Cross-Cultural Differences in Communication........................， (57)2.3.1.1.1 Verbal Communication.......，........， (57)2.3.1,1.2 Nonverbal Communication..............................，…，……，582.3.1.1.3 Time............................................……，.....……，.592.3.1.1.4 Space二，..........................................、.、，.602.3.1.1.5 Colour二，............，.........，....................，. (61)2.3.1.1.6 Number..............……，..........……，…，.622.3.1.1.7 Animal..................，. (64)2.3.1.1.8 Religion.....……，.....................................................……，…甲二682.3.1.2 Causes of Cross-Cultural Difference (68)2.3.2 Impact of Culture upon Cross-cultural Business............，....................， (69)2.3.2.1 Culture Influences Decision-making in Advertisement......……，.，二，692.3.2.2 Impacts of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiation (72)2.3.2.2,1 Introduction of Business Negotiation (72)2.3.2.2.2 Cultural impacts Business Negotiation (73)2.3.2 Cultural Adaptation....,.. (75)Part III Conclusion (79)Bibliography (80)IntroductionTranslation, as a bridge of communication, plays a significant role incross-cultural communication of today's globalization process. With overtwo thousand years' development, it has become a comprehensive subjectrelated to many other subjects such as linguistics, culturology, psychology,aesthetics and so on. The previous two-decades have witnessed a worldwide boom in translation study and research. Today comes mufti-theoretical period, when translationis no longer restrained by several standards but is making its way to wide prospects .Changes in translation study in short, reflect larger cultural andpolitical changes. It is in this process that cultural turn comes into beingin translation field. In the book Primitive Culture, English AnthropologistEdward B.升for defines culture as "that complex whole which includesknowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilitiesand habits acquired by man as a member of society".In 1990, SusanBassnett and Andre Lefevere, two towering translation study scholars,famously announced what had been under way for some time: the"cultural turn" in translation study. The two envisaged that "neither theword, nor the text, but the culture becomes the operational `unit' oftranslation (Lefevere an d Bassnett 1990:8). Since then,“cultural turn" hasoften appeared in international translation study, which indicates a turn of translations study towards culture ,a shock towards “linguistic turn ”.Culture and cultural equivalence have become key words in translation.、view translation from the view of culture、。