法律英语债权法
法律英语知识点归纳
法律英语知识点归纳法律英语是指在法律领域中使用的英语语言和术语。
对于从事国际商法、国际仲裁、国际贸易等方面的工作人员来说,掌握法律英语是非常重要的。
本文将详细介绍一些常用的法律英语知识点。
一、法律体系及法律原则1. Common Law(普通法):源于英国的法律制度,以判例为基础,注重司法判决的先例。
2. Civil Law(民法):法律体系以法典为基础,强调通过法典和条例规范法律事务。
3. Statute(法令):由立法机关制定通过的具有法律效力的规定。
4. Case Law(判例法):法院对特定案件的判决和裁决形成的先例,对类似案件具有法律约束力。
5. Precedent(先例):判决或裁决后的法律准则,被认为可以指导类似案件的判决。
6. Hierarchy of Laws(法律等级):指不同法律的优先级别,一般按照宪法、法令、法律、法规、命令、条例等顺序排列。
二、合同法1. Contract(合同):双方达成的协议,包括权利和义务。
2. Offer(提议):要约,表明愿意与他人达成协议。
3. Acceptance(接受):对提议的同意。
4. Consideration(对价):作为一方履行合同义务的回报。
5. Breach of Contract(违约):未能按照合同约定履行义务。
6. Force Majeure(不可抗力):无法预见或控制的事件,免除违约责任。
7. Jurisdiction(管辖权):法院对案件有管辖权的能力。
8. Damages(赔偿金):违约方需支付给另一方的经济损失补偿。
9. Termination(终止):合同约定的条件下,解除合同关系。
三、知识产权法1. Intellectual Property(知识产权):由创造性思维产生的无形资产。
2. Copyright(版权):保护个人作品的权益。
3. Patent(专利):保护新发明的独特性和可产业化的权益。
4. Trademark(商标):区分商品来源的标志。
法律英语重点专业词汇解析
法律英语重点专业词汇解析1. 法律英语概述法律英语是法学专业中的重要分支之一,涉及到法律文件、合同、法律案例等与法律相关的各种文字材料。
掌握法律英语的专业词汇对于理解和应用法律文本具有重要意义。
2. 法律英语重点专业词汇在法律英语中,有许多准确而专业的词汇需要掌握。
以下是一些常见的法律英语专业词汇的解析:- Act: 法案,指一项通过国会或议会法律程序,成为法律的法案。
- Arbitration: 仲裁,指由第三方解决争议的法律程序。
- Defendant: 被告,指在法庭上被控告的一方。
- Injunction: 禁令,指法院颁发的禁止某些行为的命令。
- Jurisdiction: 管辖权,指法院有权处理某一特定案件的权力。
- Litigation: 诉讼,指通过法律程序解决争议的过程。
- Patent: 专利,指一项新的发明或发现的独特技术。
- Plaintiff: 原告,指在法庭上提起诉讼的一方。
- Tort: 侵权行为,指侵犯他人权益的非法行为。
- Waiver: 放弃,指明确放弃某种合法权利的行为。
3. 法律英语研究方法了解法律英语的专业词汇是研究法律英语的基础。
以下是一些研究法律英语的方法:- 积累词汇:通过背诵和记忆法律英语的专业词汇,增加词汇量和理解能力。
- 阅读法律文本:阅读法律文件、合同和案例,提高对法律英语的理解和应用能力。
- 借助工具:使用法律英语词典、翻译软件等工具,提供准确、专业的词汇解释和翻译。
4. 结论法律英语的专业词汇对于学习和理解法律文本具有至关重要的意义。
通过积累词汇、阅读法律文本以及借助工具,我们可以提高对法律英语的掌握和应用能力。
希望这篇文档能够为学习法律英语的同学们提供一些帮助。
法律英语词汇大全
法律英语词汇大全法律在现代社会中扮演着重要的角色,而法律英语作为一门专门的语言学科,具有其自身的特点和词汇体系。
本文将为您提供一份法律英语词汇大全,帮助您更好地理解和运用法律英语。
一、合同(Contracts)1. Offer(要约)- An expression of willingness to enter into a contractual agreement.2. Acceptance(接受)- The act of agreeing to the terms of an offer made by another party.3. Consideration(对价)- Something of value exchanged for the promise of another party in a contract.4. Breach(违约)- The failure to fulfill the terms of a contract withouta legitimate excuse.5. Termination(终止)- The ending or cancellation of a contract by the parties involved.6. Damages(损害赔偿)- The monetary compensation awarded to a party who suffers harm as a result of a breach of contract.7. Force Majeure(不可抗力)- An unforeseeable and uncontrollable event that prevents the fulfillment of contractual obligations.8. Assignment(转让)- The transfer of rights and obligations under a contract from one party to another.9. Non-performance(不履行义务)- The failure to fulfill contractual responsibilities.10. Confidentiality(保密性)- The requirement to keep certain information obtained during the course of a contract confidential.二、法院和司法程序(Courts and Judicial Procedures)1. Plaintiff(原告)- The party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint in court.2. Defendant(被告)- The party against whom the lawsuit is filed and who must respond to the complaint.3. Trial(审判)- A formal legal proceeding in court in which evidence is presented and a decision is reached.4. Evidence(证据)- The information presented in court to support or refute a claim.5. Witness(证人)- A person who provides testimony under oath in court.6. Verdict(裁决)- The decision reached by the judge or jury in a trial.7. Appeal(上诉)- The process of asking a higher court to review and overturn a decision made by a lower court.8. Jurisdiction(管辖权)- The authority of a court to hear and decide a specific type of case.9. Subpoena(传票)- A legal document that requires a person to appear in court or produce evidence.10. Contempt of Court(蔑视法庭)- Behavior that disrespects or obstructs the functioning of a court, punishable by fines or imprisonment.三、知识产权(Intellectual Property)1. Patent(专利)- An exclusive right granted to an inventor to protect their invention from being used, made, or sold by others.2. Trademark(商标)- A distinctive sign or symbol that identifies and distinguishes the goods or services of one party from those of others.3. Copyright(版权)- The exclusive rights granted to authors, artists, and other creators to protect their original works.4. Infringement(侵权)- The unauthorized use or reproduction of intellectual property protected by law.5. Licensing(许可证)- The process of granting permission to use intellectual property to another party.6. Trade Secret(商业秘密)- Confidential information that provides a competitive advantage to its owner and is protected from disclosure.7. Royalties(专利权使用费)- Payments made to the owner of intellectual property for the use or sale of their rights.8. Fair Use(合理使用)- The limited use of copyrighted material without the permission of the copyright holder, typically for purposes such as criticism, commentary, or education.9. Anti-counterfeiting(反盗版)- Measures taken to prevent the unauthorized production, distribution, and sale of counterfeit goods.10. Infringement Notice(侵权通知)- A formal notice sent to an alleged infringer of intellectual property rights, demanding that they cease their infringing activities.这份法律英语词汇大全涵盖了合同、法院和司法程序以及知识产权等方面的关键词汇,能够帮助您更好地理解和运用法律英语。
法律英语词汇学习
法律英语词汇学习1. 引言法律英语是法律学习的重要组成部分,掌握法律英语词汇是理解和运用法律文件的基础。
本篇文档将介绍一些常用的法律英语词汇,帮助读者更好地理解和运用法律英语。
2. 常用法律英语词汇2.1 法律文件在学习法律英语之前,首先需要了解一些常见的法律文件类型。
以下是一些常用的法律文件的英文表达:•Constitution: 宪法•Statute: 法令•Regulation: 规定•Ordinance: 条例•Decree: 法令/法令书•Directive: 指令•Treaty: 条约•Agreement: 合同•Contract: 合同•Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): 谅解备忘录2.2 法律流程和程序学习法律英语,也需要了解一些常见的法律流程和程序。
以下是一些常用的法律流程和程序的英文表达:•Lawsuit: 诉讼•Hearing: 审理/听证会•Trial: 审判•Appeal: 上诉•Verdict: 裁决•Judgement: 判决•Defendant: 被告•Plntiff: 原告•Witness: 证人•Subpoena: 传票•Petition: 请愿•Settlement: 和解2.3 法律术语掌握常用法律术语对理解法律文件和案件非常重要。
以下是一些常见的法律术语的英文表达:•Legal liability: 法律责任•Breach of contract: 违约•Intellectual property: 知识产权•Tort: 侵权行为•Negligence: 过失•Force majeure: 不可抗力•Injunction: 禁令•Liability insurance: 责任保险•Statute of limitations: 诉讼时效•Confidentiality agreement: 保密协议•Arbitration: 仲裁3. 学习方法3.1 阅读法律文件阅读法律文件是学习法律英语的重要方法之一。
法律英语词汇大全
法律英语词汇大全在法律领域,理解和掌握法律英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为您提供一个全面的法律英语词汇大全,以帮助您更好地理解和应用法律英语。
一、法律系统与机构1. Legal system - 法律体系2. Judiciary - 司法机关3. Court - 法院4. Judge - 法官5. Lawyer/attorney - 律师/律师6. Prosecutor - 检察官7. Plaintiff - 原告8. Defendant - 被告9. Jury - 陪审团10. Witness - 证人二、合同法1. Contract - 合同2. Offer - 供应3. Acceptance - 接受4. Consideration - 对价5. Mutual assent - 相互同意6. Breach of contract - 违约7. Performance - 履行8. Termination - 终止9. Damages - 损害赔偿三、刑法1. Crime - 犯罪2. Offense - 违反3. Felony - 重罪4. Misdemeanor - 轻罪5. Homicide - 杀人罪6. Robbery - 抢劫罪7. Theft - 盗窃罪8. Assault - 袭击罪9. Burglary - 入室盗窃罪10. Arson - 纵火罪四、知识产权1. Intellectual property - 知识产权2. Patent - 专利3. Trademark - 商标4. Copyright - 版权5. Infringement - 侵权6. Royalties - 版权使用费五、公司法1. Corporation - 公司2. Shareholder - 股东3. Board of directors - 董事会4. Corporate governance - 公司治理5. Merger - 合并6. Acquisition - 收购7. IPO (Initial Public Offering) - 首次公开发行六、国际法1. International law - 国际法2. Treaty - 条约3. Diplomacy - 外交4. Sovereignty - 主权5. Human rights - 人权6. United Nations - 联合国7. World Trade Organization - 世界贸易组织七、家庭法1. Family law - 家庭法2. Divorce - 离婚3. Child custody - 子女抚养权4. Alimony - 赡养费5. Prenuptial agreement - 婚前协议6. Domestic violence - 家庭暴力八、地产法1. Property law - 房地产法2. Real estate - 房地产3. Landlord - 房东4. Tenant - 租户5. Lease agreement - 租赁协议6. Eviction - 驱逐九、金融法1. Financial law - 金融法2. Banking - 银行业3. Insurance - 保险4. Securities - 证券5. Insider trading - 内幕交易6. Money laundering - 洗钱十、法律程序1. Legal procedure - 法律程序2. Jurisdiction - 司法管辖权3. Due process - 正当程序4. Statute of limitations - 诉讼时效5. Appeal - 上诉6. Habeas corpus - 人身保护令总结:本文提供了一个全面的法律英语词汇大全,包含了法律体系与机构、合同法、刑法、知识产权、公司法、国际法、家庭法、地产法、金融法以及法律程序等方面的常用词汇。
法律英语常用词汇和句型总结
常用术语总结一、基本概念及用法债权人:obligee债务人:obligor一方:one party对方\相对人:the other party;善意相对人:the other party in good faith债权:creditor’s right; right to performance; right债务/义务: obligation标的物:subject matter责任:liability要约:offer;承诺:acceptance;要约邀请:invitation to offer;要约人:offeror受要约人:offeree收件人:recipient代理人:agent被代理人/本人:principle行为人:person performing (such) act代理权:agency authority应当:shall可以:may不能:may not不正当:improperly有权做. . .:may; is entitled to do履行义务:perform obligation, render performance订立合同:enter into a contract; conclude a contract; form a contract带来损失:cause loss to . . .损害利益:harm somebody’s interest赔偿损失:indemnify the other party for its loss由某人承担费用:expenses shall be borne by sb.承担损害赔偿责任:be liable for damages各自承担相应的责任:bear their respective liabilities accordingly要求承担违约责任:hold . . . liable for breach of contract享有权利、承担义务:assume right and obligation二、各个条文中的术语合同订立采取. . .方式: a contract is concluded by the exchange of. . .(e.g. by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance; by the exchange of electronic messages). . .的意思表示:manifestation of intention to do something做出表示:manifest his intention (to do)接受履行:accept the performance订立合同时:in the course of concluding/ negotiating a contract; at the time of its conclusion 符合...规定:meet the requirement of . . .承诺的撤回:withdrawal of acceptance书面形式:in writing合同书形式:memorandum of contract具有本法. . .条规定的情形:fall into any of the circumstances set forth in Article. . .撤回:withdraw; 撤销:cancel拒绝追认:decline; 拒绝履行:reject受约束:be bound;is binding upon somebody表明:indicate价目表:price list拍卖公告:announcement of auction招标公告:call for tender招股说明书:prospectus商业广告:commercial advertisement数据电文:electronic message指定特定系统:designate a specific system快速通讯方式:instantaneous communication device国家指令性任务或国家订货任务:state mandatory plan or state purchase order根据需要/要求:in light of its requirement格式条款:standard terms条款:provision提请注意义务:duty to call attention应. . .要求,做. . .:do something upon the request of . . .与对方协商:negotiate with the other party预先拟定:prepare in advance重复使用:repeated use提供格式条款一方:the party supplying standard terms免除或限制责任:exclude or limit liability加重对方责任:increase the liabilities of the other party排除对方主要权利:deprive the other party of material rights合理的方式:in a reasonable manner对格式条款的理解:construction of standard term通常理解:common sense不一致:discrepancy between… and …解释:interpret缔约过失责任:pre-contract liabilities恶意磋商:negotiate in bad faith以. . .名义:under the pretext of隐瞒与. . .有关的重要事实:conceal material facts relating to . . .提供虚假情况:supply false information商业秘密:trade secret泄露或不正当使用商业秘密:disclose or improperly use trade secret在订立合同的过程中获悉:become aware of in the course of negotiating a contract生效条件:conditions precedent解除条件:conditions subsequent阻止/促成条件成立:impair/facility satisfaction of a condition对合同的效力约定附条件:prescribe that the effectiveness of a contract be subject to certain conditions附生效/解除条件的合同:a contract subject to condition precedent/subsequent条件成立:condition is satisfied附期限的合同:contract term生效/失效期限:a time of commencement/expiration限制民事行为能力人:a person with limited capacity for civil act法定代理人:legal agent追认:ratify纯获利益的合同:a contract from which such person accrues benefits only与其年龄、智力、精神健康状况相适应:be appropriate for his age, intelligence, mental health催告法定代理人在一个月内予以追认:demand legal agent to ratify the contract within one month视为拒绝追认:is deemed to decline ratify the contract撤销的权利:somebody is entitled to cancel. . .以通知的方式做出:be effected by notification以. . .的名义:on one’s behalf没有代理权:lack agency authority超越代理权:act beyond his agency authority代理权终止:agency authority is extinguished请求人民法院或仲裁机构变更或撤销:petition the People’s court or an arbitration institution for amendment or cancellation重大误解:material mistake显失公平:grossly unconscionable欺诈:fraud胁迫:duress乘人之危:take advantage of the other party’s hardship真实意思:true intention受损害方:aggrieved party合同无效、被撤销或者终止:invalidity, cancellation or discharge of a contract不影响. . .条款的效力:not impair the validity of the contract provision concerning. . .争议解决方法:the method of dispute resolution返还财产:make restitution of property过错方:the party at fault折价补偿:allowance be made in money based on the value of the property在合同约定的交付期间:during the prescribed period of delivery交付时的价格:price of delivery迟延交付标的物/提取标的物/付款:delay in delivering the subject matter; delay in taking delivery; delay in making payment同时履行: simultaneous performance互负债务:owe performance toward each other没有先后履行顺序:there is no order of performance履行不符合约定:render non-conforming performance拒绝其相应的履行要求: reject its corresponding requirement for performance部分履行:partial performance债务人部分履行给债权人增加的费用:additional expenses incurred by obligee due to obligor’s partial performance代位权:subrogation怠于行使到期债权:delay in exercising its creditor’s right that was due专属于. . .人本身:exclusively personal to somebody转让债权:assign a right受让人取得与债权有关的从权利:assignee assumes any incidental right associated with the obligee’s right让与人与受让人:assignor, assignee接到. . . 通知:upon receipt of notice of assignment债务人可以向受让人主张抵销:the obligor may avail itself of any set-off against the assignee对某人享有债权: have right to performance by/against somebody合并/分立:a party has effected combination/division合并/分立后的法人:legal person resulting from combination/division行使合同权利,履行合同义务:assume the rights and obligations享有连带债权,承担连带债务:jointly and severally assume the rights and obligations合同解除:terminate合同终止:discharge债务互相抵销:obligations were set off against each other将标的物提存:place the subject matter in escrow免除债务:release the obligor from performance毁损、灭失的风险:the risk of damage or loss孳息:fruits of subject matter违约责任:liabilities for breach of contract履行合同义务:perform obligations under a contract符合约定的履行合同义务:perform obligations in accordance with the contract; render conforming performance继续履行:specific performance采取补救措施:cure of non-conforming performance赔偿损失:payment of damages预期违约:anticipatory breach明确表示:expressly state行为表明:indicate by conduct违约金:liquidated damage一定数额:a certain sum/amount of …根据违约情况:in the light of degree of breach因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法:a method for calculation of damages for the loss resulting from a party’s breach.适当减少:decrease the amount as appropriate公平原则:the principle of fairness诚实信用原则:the principle of good faith三、“效力”的词汇. . .的效力:effectiveness/validity of . . .e.g. effectiveness of contract/offer生效:become effective失效:extinguish有效:valid无效:invalid四、时间的词汇到达时间:time of arrival承诺期限:the period for acceptance信件载明的日期或电报交发之日:date shown on the letter or the date on which the telegram is handed in for dispatch邮戳日期:the posting date stamped on the envelop超过承诺期间:after expiration of the period for acceptance履行期限:time of performance. . .期间自…开始计算:the period for. . . commences on the date when. . ./once . . .五、常用句型:●A符合B情况的,视为C:A is deemed as C, if B.●表示假设,用”where” or ”if”●如果是个长句子,内容为:在一个大前提A下,又有几个不同的条件(B、C),每个条件下的结果(D是B的结果,E是C的结果)都不同。
提高阅读能力法律英语词汇大全
提高阅读能力法律英语词汇大全在学习法律英语时,积累并熟练掌握相关的法律英语词汇是提高阅读能力的关键。
下面将为大家提供一份法律英语词汇大全,帮助大家在法律英语阅读中更加游刃有余。
一、常见法律英语词汇1. Law: 法律2. Legal: 合法的3. Act: 法案4. Statute: 法规5. Regulation: 规章6. Code: 法典7. Constitution: 宪法8. Court: 法院9. Judge: 法官10. Attorney: 律师11. Plaintiff: 原告12. Defendant: 被告13. Trial: 审判14. Appeal: 上诉15. Evidence: 证据16. Witness: 证人17. Verdict: 判决18. Sentence: 判决19. Crime: 犯罪20. Guilty: 有罪21. Innocent: 无罪22. Jury: 陪审团23. Bail: 保释24. Arrest: 逮捕25. Sentence: 判决26. Plaintiff: 原告27. Defendant: 被告28. Tort: 侵权行为29. Contract: 合同30. Agreement: 协议二、合同法律英语词汇1. Offer: 出价2. Acceptance: 接受3. Consideration: 酬劳4. Capacity: 能力5. Legality: 合法性6. Breach: 违约7. Termination: 终止8. Damages: 赔偿9. Indemnification: 补偿10. Non-disclosure: 保密11. Force majeure: 不可抗力12. Arbitration: 仲裁13. Governing Law: 管辖法律14. Counteroffer: 还盘15. Execution: 履行三、刑事法律英语词汇1. Murder: 谋杀2. Manslaughter: 杀人未遂3. Robbery: 抢劫4. Burglary: 入室盗窃5. Theft: 盗窃6. Fraud: 欺诈7. Kidnapping: 绑架8. Assault: 袭击9. Battery: 伤害10. Arson: 纵火11. Embezzlement: 挪用公款12. Forgery: 伪造13. Bribery: 贿赂14. Drug trafficking: 贩毒15. Money laundering: 洗钱四、民事法律英语词汇1. Breach of contract: 违约3. Negligence: 过失4. Defamation: 诽谤5. Libel: 诽谤(书面)6. Slander: 诽谤(口头)7. Damages: 赔偿8. Injunction: 禁令9. Unjust enrichment: 不当得利10. Property: 财产11. Title: 所有权12. Lease: 租约13. Lien: 留置权14. Trust: 托管15. Guardianship: 监护五、知识产权法律英语词汇1. Patent: 专利2. Trademark: 商标4. Infringement: 侵权5. Royalty: 版权使用费6. Intellectual Property: 知识产权7. Trade secret: 商业秘密8. Piracy: 盗版六、国际法律英语词汇1. Sovereignty: 主权2. Treaty: 条约3. Diplomacy: 外交4. Sanction: 制裁5. Dispute: 争议6. International Court of Justice: 国际法院7. Human Rights: 人权8. Immigration: 移民9. Visa: 签证10. Extradition: 引渡以上是法律英语词汇的一些常见分类及词汇,希望能够对大家提高阅读能力有所帮助。
法律英语表达大全
法律英语表达大全在法律领域中,使用正确的法律英语表达非常重要。
以下是一些常用的法律英语表达,可以帮助您更好地理解和处理法律文件和法律程序。
1. 法律术语•Lawsuit: 诉讼•Plntiff: 原告•Defendant: 被告•Complnt: 控诉书•Summons: 传票•Pleadings: 诉状•Subpoena: 传唤令•Evidence: 证据•Burden of proof: 举证责任•Statute: 法令•Tort: 民事侵权行为•Testimony: 证言•Criminal offense: 刑事犯罪•Misdemeanor: 轻罪•Felony: 重罪2. 法庭程序•Court hearing: 庭审•Trial: 审判•Opening statement: 开庭陈述•Cross-examination: 盘问•Closing argument: 闭庭陈述•Verdict: 裁决•Jury: 陪审团•Bench trial: 座席审判(没有陪审团的审判)•Judgment: 判决•Appeal: 上诉•Court reporter: 法庭记录员•Arrest: 逮捕•Bond: 保释金•Bl: 保释•Evidence: 证据3. 合同和协议•Contract: 合同•Agreement: 协议•Offer: 出价•Acceptance: 接受•Consideration: 对价•Breach of contract: 违反合同•Void contract: 无效合同•Negotiation: 谈判•Arbitration: 仲裁•Mediation: 调解•Termination: 终止•Amendment: 修改•Effective date: 生效日期4. 法律文件和法律文件结构•Legal document: 法律文件•Affidavit: 宣誓书•Power of attorney: 授权书•Will: 遗嘱•Trust: 信托•Deed: 契约•Contract: 合同•Agreement: 协议•Compliance: 遵守•Notice: 通知书•Affirmation: 证言•Declaration: 声明•Schedule: 时间表•Exhibit: 附表5. 法律职业•Attorney: 律师•Judge: 法官•Magistrate: 地方法官•Counsel: 律师•Paralegal: 法律助理•Legal secretary: 法律秘书•Legal consultant: 法律顾问•Court clerk: 法庭书记员•Barrister: 出庭律师(英国律师)•Solicitor: 执业律师(英国律师)以上是一些常用的法律英语表达。
法律英语重点专业词汇表
法律英语重点专业词汇表本文档旨在提供法律英语研究中的重点专业词汇,以帮助研究者更好地理解和应用法律英语。
法律基础- 法律(Law)- 律师(Lawyer)- 法官(Judge)- 法院(Court)- 法案(Bill)- 判决(Judgment)- 起诉(Prosecute)- 案件(Case)- 证据(Evidence)- 合同(Contract)- 法律责任(Legal liability)- 无罪(Not guilty)- 诉讼(Litigation)- 法规(Regulation)- 法治(Rule of law)- 法律程序(Legal procedure)民事法律- 民事诉讼(Civil litigation)- 侵权(Infringement)- 合同纠纷(Contract dispute)- 财产权(Property rights)- 婚姻法(Marriage law)- 遗产继承(Inheritance)- 知识产权(Intellectual property rights)- 商标(Trademark)- 版权(Copyright)- 专利(Patent)- 产权转让(Assignment of property rights)刑事法律- 刑法(Criminal law)- 罪犯(Criminal)- 枪支(Firearm)- 毒品(Drug)- 盗窃(Theft)- 谋杀(Murder)- 诈骗(Fraud)- 强奸(Rape)- 应诉(Pleading)- 刑罚(Punishment)- 被告(Defendant)- 自卫(Self-defense)- 黑社会(Organized crime)国际法- 国际公约(International convention)- 条约(Treaty)- 领土争端(Territorial dispute)- 外交(Diplomacy)- 联合国(United Nations)- 人权(Human rights)- 战争罪(War crime)- 国际裁决(International arbitration)- 国际仲裁(International arbitration)公司法- 股份(Share)- 董事会(Board of Directors)- 股东(Shareholder)- 董事(Director)- 监事会(Supervisory Board)- 风险投资(Venture capital)- 并购(Mergers and acquisitions)- 破产(Bankruptcy)- 合伙企业(Partnership)- 企业法务(Corporate counsel)法律文书- 律师函(Lawyer's letter)- 上诉状(Appeal)- 合同书(Contract document)- 法院判决书(Court judgment)- 法律文件(Legal document)- 法律协议(Legal agreement)- 法律声明(Legal statement)- 法律顾问意见书(Legal opinion)以上仅是法律英语重点专业词汇的一部分,希望能对学习者的法律英语学习有所帮助。
法律英语词汇三篇
法律英语词汇三篇篇一:英语词汇一、法律类1.单词Aacceptance /ək septəns/ n. 受理accusation /ækju(:)zeiʃən/ n. 检举accused /əkju:zd/ n. 被告acquit / əkwit/ v. 宣告…无罪acquittal / əkwitl/ n. 宣告无罪action / ækʃən / n. 诉讼adjourn /ədʒə:n/ v. (使)休庭agent /eidʒənt/ n. 代理人alibi /ælibai/ n. 不在现场证明allegation /æli eiʃən/ n. 声称amnesty /æmnesti/ n. 大赦appeal /əpi:l/ n. 上诉appearance /əpiərəns/ n. 投案appellant /əpelənt/ n. 上诉人arbitration /ɑ:bi treiʃən/ n. 仲裁assault /əsɔ:lt/ n. 殴打attachment /ətætʃmənt/ n. 扣押Bbail /beil/ v.&n. 保释,保释金bailiff /beilif/ n. 法警bankruptcy /bæŋkrʌpsi/ n. 破产bigamy /biɡəmi/ n. 重婚binding /baindiŋ/ a. 有约束力的bribery /braibəri/ n. 贿赂Ccase /keis/ n. 案件charge /tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 扺押citizen /sitizən/ n. 公民collaborate /kəlæbəreit/ v. 串通commit /kəmit/ v. 犯罪confess /kən fes/ v. 承认,供认conspire /kən spaiə/ v. 合谋contract /kɔntrækt/ n. 合约conveyancing /kən veiənsiŋ/ n. 产权转让convict /kən vikt/ v.& n. 宣判有罪,犯人court /kɔ:t/ n. 法院creditor /kreditə/ n. 债权人crime /kraim/ n. 犯罪custody /kʌstədi/ n. 监护(权),关押Ddecree /di kri:/ n. 法令deed /di:d/ n. 契据defamation /defəmeiʃən/ n. 诽谤defendant /di fendənt/ n .被告defender /di fendə/ n. 辩护人defense /di fens/ n. 辩护deposit /di pɔzit/ n. 定金determination /di tə:mi neiʃən/ n. 判决determine /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 解除discharge /dis tʃɑ:dʒ/ v. 清偿Eevidence /evidəns/ n. 证据execution /eksi kju:ʃən/ n. 依法处决Fforthwith /fɔ:θwiθ/ ad. 立即freeze /fri:z/ v. 冻结Gguarantor /ɡærən tɔ:/ n. 担保人Hhearing /hiəriŋ/ n. 听证会Iidentification /ai dentifi keiʃən/ n. 鉴定illegal /i li:ɡəl/ a. 非法indictment /in daitmənt/ n. 控告infringement /in frindʒmənt/ n. 侵犯权利instigate /instiɡeit/ v. 教唆intention /in tenʃən/ n. 动机Jjaywalk /dʒeiwɔ:k/ v. 违规穿越马路judge /dʒʌdʒ/ n. 法官judgement /dʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 判决juror /dʒuərə/ n. 陪审员jury /dʒuəri/ n. 陪审团Llapse /læps/ n. 失去时效lawsuit /lɔ:sju:t/ n. 诉讼legitimate /li dʒitimit/ a. 合法的lien /li:ən/ n. 留置权,扣押权litigant /litiɡənt/ n. 诉讼当事人litigate /litiɡeit/ v. 提出诉讼litigation /litiɡeiʃən/ n. 诉讼Mmaintenance /meintinəns/ n. 扶养费mediate /mi:dieit/ vi. 调解medicolegal /medikəu li:ɡəl/ n. 法医misconduct /mis kɔndʌkt/ n. 失职行为mortgage /mɔ:ɡidʒ/ n. 抵押借款motive /məutiv/ n. 动机Ooffender /əfendə/ n. 犯罪分子omission /əu miʃən/ n. 不作为order /ɔ:də/ n. 裁定overdraft /əuvədrɑ:ft/ n. 透支overrule /əuvəru:l/ v. 推翻Ppardon /pɑ:dən/ v. 赦免parole /pərəul/ n. 假释party /pɑ:ti/ n. 合约一方patent /peitənt/ n. 专利,专利权perjury /pə:dʒəri/ n. 伪证plaintiff /pleintif/ n. 原告pledge /pledʒ/ n. 抵押品procurator /prɔkjuəreitə/ n. 检察官procuratorate /prɔkjuəreitərit/ n. 检察院property /prɔpəti/ n. 产权prosecute /prɔsikju:t/ v. 起诉Qquantum /kwɔntəm/ n. 赔偿金额Rrecess /ri ses/ n. 休庭reconciliation /rekənsili eiʃən/ n. 和解remand /ri mɑ:nd/ n.&v. 案件发回remorse /ri mɔ:s/ n. 悔改reply /ri plai/ n. 批复report /ri pɔ:t/ v. 举报restitution /resti tju:ʃən/ n. 返还原主resume /ri zju:m/ v. 恢复ruling /ru:liŋ/ n. 裁决Sseal /si:l/ n. 印章search /sə:tʃ/ n&v. 搜查seize /si:z/ v. 缴获sentence /sentəns/ n. 判决service /sə:vis/ v. 送达smuggle /smʌɡl/ v. 走私speeding /spi:diŋ/ n. 超速successor /sək sesə/ n. 继承人sue /sju:/ v. 起诉summon /sʌmən/ n.&v. 传票,传唤surveillance /sə:veiləns/ n. 监视Ttestify /testifai/ v. 做证trespass /trespəs/ v. 侵越trust /trʌst/ n. 信托Uunassisted /ʌnəsistid/ a. 不予支持的Vverify /verifai/ v. 核实victim /viktim/ n. 被害人violate /vaiəleit/ v. 触犯void /vɔid/ a. 不具有法律效力的Wwarranty /wɔrənti/ n. 保证will / wil/ n. 遗嘱withdrawal /wiðdrɔ:əl/ n. 撤回2.词组:absolute discharge无条件释放accessory penalties附加刑act under the law法律行为actus reus犯罪行为administrative proceedings行政诉讼admitted evidence采信的证据affirm defence 积极的抗辩agency hearing 听证会agent ad litem诉讼代理人appear in court出庭approval of arrest批准逮捕arrestable offence可逮捕的罪行assembly and association集会结社breach of contract不履行合同burden of proof举证责任capital punishment极刑chief judge of a tribunal法庭庭长chief justice首席大法官chief procurator首席检察官circumstantial evidence旁证civil action民事诉讼civil case民事案件civil tribunal民事审判庭clear up a criminal case破案collegial panel合议庭commit a crime犯罪common law普通法community property夫妻共同财产conclusion of a lawsuit诉讼终止concurren sentence合并判决confession of one’s offence坦白confession to justice自首conspiratorial swindling合谋诈骗contempt of court 藐视法庭罪continental law大陆法court announcement法院公告court clerk书记员court debate法庭辩论court of final appeal终审法院crack down on counterfeit goods打假abducting and trafficking human beings拐卖人口concealing the murder包庇crime of dereliction of duty渎职罪disrupting the order of social administration妨害社会管理秩序drug trafficking贩卖毒品intentional homicide故意杀人intentional injury故意伤害interference with public administration妨害公务selling bogus medicines贩卖假药unlawful detention非法拘禁criminal capacity刑事责任能力criminal case刑事案件criminal detention刑事拘留criminal fine罚金criminal proceedings刑事诉讼criminal suspect犯罪嫌疑人cumulative punishment数罪并罚currency swap套汇de facto marriage事实婚姻death penalty死刑defense attorney辩护律师deprivation of political right剥夺政治权利deputy chief procurator大检察官detention house拘留所dismiss a motion驳回请求domestic litigation国内诉讼driving while intoxicated酒醉后驾驶first offense初犯economic crimes经济犯罪economic law经济法economic tribunal经济审判庭employment contract雇佣合同ex parte单方execution of arrest执行逮捕exemption from criminal penalty免于刑事处分expert conclusion鉴定结论extort bribe索取贿赂false imprisonment非法禁锢filing of a lawsuit起诉final award最后裁决书finding of guilty有罪判决fixed-term imprisonment有期徒刑foreman of jury 陪审团主席forfeiture of property没收财产fugitive criminal逃犯grave circumstances情节严重handle a case办案hit and run肇事后逃离现场illegal business违法经营illegal parking违规停车illegitimate child非婚生子女impose a fine罚款incapacity for act无行为能力incidence of criminal cases发案率incompetent for civil conduct无民事行为能力ineffective act 无效行为initiate legal proceeding打官司institute a public prosecution检控institute a public prosecution提起公诉intellectual property rights知识产权inter parte双方international litigation国际诉讼investigate and collect evidence调查取证joint offence共同犯罪joint property of the spouses夫妻共同所有财产justifiable right正当防卫juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪juvenile prison少管所law of contract合同法law office律师事务所lawyer fee律师费legal aid法律援助legal basis法律依据legal consultants法律顾问legal consulting法律咨询legal guardian法定监护人legal opinions法律意见书legal representative法人代表life imprisonment无期徒刑lighter punishment从轻处罚liquidated damages违约金litigation costs诉讼费litigation fee案件受理费losing party败诉方marriage law婚姻法marriage registration结婚登记material evidence物证mediation agreement调解书mode of court trial庭审方式natural child亲生子女nature of case案由negligent driving不小心驾驶notarial certificate公证书notice of court session开庭通知open a court session开庭审理particulars of offense犯罪事实penal servitude拘役personal property个人财产personnel handling a case办案人员plead guilty认罪plead not guilty不认罪police station派出所possessory title 土地占有权power of attorney委托书preserve evidence证据保全presiding judge审判长proclamation of a person as dead宣告死亡proclamation of a person as missing宣告失踪properties division财产分割property of ownerless无主财产property right in real estate房屋的产权property right财产所有权public hearing公开审理public order公共秩序public security bureau公安局public security officers公安人员public surveillance管制publicsecurity organs公安机关pyramid selling传销reason for decision定案理由reckless driving鲁莽驾驶record of inquest勘验笔录record of interrogation讯问笔录record of investigation调查笔录reduced punishment减轻处罚reject an appeal驳回上诉report a case报案rescind the original judgement 撤销原判residential surveillance监视居住revoke a case placed on file撤销立案right in succession继承权right of disposing处分权roperty relations产权关系seal up查封security administration治安管理security regulations治安条例severe punishment从重处罚special pardon特赦specific performance 强制履行spousal relationship夫妻关系spousal support赡养spreading poison with intent故意投毒statement of case案情陈述书summon by force拘传supplementary civil action附带民事诉讼suspended sentence缓刑suspension of a lawsuit诉讼中止suspension of execution缓期执行sustain the original judgement维持原判take an oath宣誓tax evasion 逃税term in custody羁押期限termination of contract解除合同territorial jurisdiction地区管辖the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving取保候审The Supreme People’s Court最高人民法院The Supreme People’s Procuratorate最高人民检察院time limit provided by law法定期限traffic violation交通违规trial in camera不公开审理trial in public公开审理trial of first instance一审trial of second instance二审unjust enrichment不当得利unjustifiable self-defense防卫过当voluntary surrender to justice自动投案wanted for arrest通缉winning party胜诉方二、环保类1.单词:acidification /əsidifi keiʃən/ n. 酸化a dsorption /æd sɔ:pʃən/ n. 吸附作用aerosol /ɛərəsɔl/ n. 气雾剂afforestation /əfɔris teiʃən/ n. 绿化造林bacterium /bæk tiəriəm/ n. 细菌barren /bærən/ a. 贫瘠的biogas /baiəuɡæs/ n. 沼气carcinogen /kɑ:sinədʒən/ n. 致癌物Celsius /selsjəs/ n. 摄氏的circulation /sə:kju leiʃən/ n. 循环conserve /kən sə:v/ v. 保护contaminate /kən tæmineit/ v. 弄脏decibel /desibel/ n. 分贝deforestation /di fɔris teiʃən/ n. 滥砍滥伐森林degrade /diɡreid/ v. 降解desertification /di zə:tifi keiʃən/ n. 沙漠化deterioration /di tiəriəreiʃən/ n. 恶化drought /draut/ n. 干旱dump /dʌmp/ n. 倾倒ecosystem /i:kəsistəm/ n. 生态系统ecotourism /i:kəu tuərizəm/ n. 生态旅游embankment /im bæŋkmənt/ n. 筑堤epidemic /epi demik/ n. 流行病eutrophication /ju:trɔfi keiʃən/ n. 富营养化extinction /iks tiŋkʃən/ n. 灭绝Fahrenheit /færənhait/ n. 华氏的filter /filtə/ n. 过滤器glacier /ɡlæsjə/ n. 冰川habitat /hæbitæt/ n. 栖息地herbicide /hə:bisaid/ n. 除草剂humidity /hju:miditi/ n. 湿度hurricane /hʌrikən/ n. 飓风irreversible /iri və:səbl/ a. 不可挽回的latitude /lætitju:d/ n. 纬度litter /litə/ n. 废弃物log /lɔɡ/ v. 伐木longitude /lɔndʒitju:d/ n. 经度methane /mi:θein/ n. 甲烷micropollutant /maikrəu pəlu:tənt/ n. 微污染物mining /mainiŋ/ n. 采矿ooze /u:z/ vi. 渗出organism /ɔ:ɡənizəm/ n. 有机物overexploitation /əuvər eksplɔi teiʃən/ n. 过度利用森林ozone /əuzəun/ n. 臭氧pesticide /pestisaid/ n. 杀虫剂photosynthesis /fəutəu sinθəsis/ n. 光合作用poach /pəutʃ/ v. 偷猎poison /pɔizən/ n. 毒物pollutant /pəlu:tənt/ n. 污染物pollution /pəluʃən/ n. 污染precipitation /pri sipi teiʃən/ n. 某地区降雨等的量predator /predətə/ n. 食肉动物prey /prei/ n. 被捕食者prioritize /praiɔritaiz/ v. 优先考虑radiation /reidi eiʃən/ n. 辐射reclaim /ri kleim/ v. 开垦recycling /ri:saikliŋ/ n. 回收release /ri li:s/ v. 释放reuse /ri:ju:z/ v. 再利用revegetation /ri:vedʒi teiʃ/ n. 植被恢复sedimentation /sedimen teiʃən/ n. 沉积seepage /si:pidʒ/ n. 渗漏sewage /sjuidʒ/ n. 污水smog /smɔɡ/ n. 烟雾spillage /spilidʒ/ n. 泄漏toxicity /tɔk sisiti/ n. 毒性toxin /tɔksin/ n. 毒素tragedy /trædʒidi/ n. 灾难transpiration /trænspi reiʃən/ n. 蒸腾作用trash /træʃ/ n. 废物tsunami /tsju:nɑ:mi/ n. 海啸typhoon /tai fu:n/ n. 台风ultraviolet /ʌltrəvaiəlit/ n. 紫外线urbanization /ə:bənai zeiʃən/ n. 城市化vegetation /vedʒi teiʃən/ n. 植物(总称); victim/viktim/ n. 受灾者volcano /vɔl keinəu/ n. 火山waste /weist/ n. 废物2.词组:acid fog酸雾acid rain酸雨acoustic insulation material隔音材料adverse impact不利影响afforested areas绿化面积agricultural wastes农业废物air current气流air pollution concentration空气污染浓度airborne pollution大气污染alternative fuel代用燃料ambient air quality standard环境空气质量标准ambient quality standard环境质量标准Antarctic Circle南极圈Arctic Circle北极圈area pollution区域污染atmospheric absorption大气吸收atmospheric monitoring system大气监测系统atmospheric transport大气输运battery cars电动汽车battery disposal电池处理biological weapons生物武器carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳carrying capacity of environment环境负荷centralized treatment plant集中处理厂chemical decontamination化学污染清除chemical weapons化学武器clean energy清洁能源cleaner production清洁生产commercial noise商业噪音composite pollution混合污染constructed wetland人工湿地cooling waters冷却水crop waste作物废物depleted uranium bomb贫铀弹desert locusts沙漠蝗虫disaster clean-up operations灾难清理作业disaster preparedness防灾准备disaster prevention防灾disaster relief灾难救援disposal sites处置场所domestic garbage家庭垃圾drinking water饮用水dust storm 沙尘暴eco-demonstration region生态示范区ecological forest生态林ecological forecasting 生态预报El Nino厄尔尼诺现象electric power plants发电厂emergency relief measures应急减灾措施emergency relief紧急救援emergency shelter应急避难所emission standard排放标准endangered wildlife濒危野生动物energy transformation能源转换energy utilization能源利用enriched uranium浓缩铀environmental accidents环境事故environmental contingency planning环境应急计划environmental degradation环境恶化environmental health hazards环境健康危害environmental impact assessments 环境影响评估environmental awareness环保意识environmental monitoring环境检测environmental sensitive area环境敏感地区environment-friendly agriculture生态农业environment-friendly products环保产品excess reclamation过度开垦exhaust purifier尾气净化器extinct species灭绝的物种fast-growing trees速生林flood control防洪food additives食品添加剂food contamination食品污染forest coverage森林覆盖率fossil fuels矿物燃料gas-fueled vehicles天然气汽车global warming全球变暖groundwater pollution地下水污染hazardous substances危险物质hazardous wastes危险废物health facilities卫生设施holiday resort 旅游胜地hospital wastes医院废物human exposure to pollutants人体接触污染物human-made disasters人为灾难hydrologic observatory水文观测站immunological diseases免疫疾病incineration of waste废物焚烧industrial dust discharge工业粉尘排放industrial effluents工业废水industrial emissions工业排放物industrial fumes工业烟尘industrial solid wastes工业固体废物inorganic pollutants无机污染物landscaping design for environmental purposes美化环境lead contamination铅污染lead-free gasoline无铅汽油liquefied gas液化气liquid wastes液体废物mine filling矿山回填mining wastes采矿废物motor vehicle exhaust汽车尾气排放municipal waste城市废物natural ecosystems自然生态系统natural habitats生存环境nature reserve自然保护区nitrate dioxide二氧化氮noise abatement噪音治理non-renewable resources不可再生资源nuclear safety核安全ocean dumping海洋倾倒oil residue recuperation残油回收oil spills石油泄漏ore deposits矿床organic pollutants有机污染物organic solvents有机溶剂origin of species物种起源ozone layer臭氧层persistent organic pollutants难降解有机污染物pesticide residue农药残留pharmaceutical wastes医药废物physical alterations自然改变plastic wastes塑料废物pollution abatement污染治理pollution by sulfur 硫污染pollution control technology污染控制技术pollution fines 污染罚款pollution monitoring污染监测pollution risk污染风险pollution sources污染源precipitation probability 降水概率protected areas保护区radiation effects辐射效应radiation protection辐射防护radiation sickness辐射病radioactive contamination放射性污染radioactive decontamination放射性污染清除radioactive substances放射性物质refuse incinerator垃圾焚化厂refuse landfill垃圾填埋场renewable resources可再生资源sand breaks防沙林sand dunes沙丘sanitary landfills卫生填埋scrap metals废金属sea level海平面sea outfall海洋排泄口sea water desalinization海水淡化seismic sea waves地震海浪septic tanks化粪池sewage disposal污水处置sewage treatment systems污水处理系统shifting cultivation林农轮作small-displacement vehicles小排量汽车smoke prevention防烟soil alkalization土壤盐碱化soil conservation土壤保持soil degradation土壤退化soil erosion土壤侵蚀solar radiation太阳辐射solid wastes固体废物soot emissions烟尘排放strip mining露天采矿sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫surface waters地表水temperate forests温带森林temperate woodlands温带林地thermal pollution热污染thermal sea power海洋热能throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋tidal energy潮汐能toxic emission废气排放toxic substances有毒物质toxic waste有毒废物traffic noise交通噪音tsunami warning system海啸预警系统vicious cycle恶性循环waste conversion techniques废物转化技术waste disposal废物处置waste heat废热waste minimization废物最少化waste recovery废物回收waste use废物利用water and soil erosion水土流失water conservation节约用水water saving fixtures节水装置water shortage缺水white pollution白色污染wind breaks防风林wind energy风能wind erosion风蚀三、军事类1.单词:accommodation /əkɔmədeiʃən/ n. 生活舱alliance /əlaiəns/ n. 联盟ammunition /æmju niʃən/ n. 弹药analog /ænəlɔɡ/ n. 模拟annihilation /ənaiəleiʃən/ n. 歼灭anthrax /ænθræks/ n. 炭疽(病) aperture /æpətjuə/ n. 孔径armada /ɑ:mɑ:də/ n. 舰队arsenal /:sənəl/ n. 军火库artillery /ɑ:tiləri/ n. 大炮attacker /ətækə/ n. 强击机attention /ətenʃən/ n. 立正badge /bædʒ/ n. 奖章band /bænd/ n. 多层铁丝网bandage /bændidʒ/ n. 绷带barrel /bærəl/ n. 炮管battalion /bətæljən/ n. 营battle /bætl/ n. 战斗battlefield /bæt(ə)lfi:ld/ n. 战场battleship /bætl/ n. 战列舰bayonet /beiənit/ n. 刺刀bazooka /bəzu:kə/ n. 反坦克火箭筒beachhead /bi:tʃhed/ n. 滩头阵地beret /berei/ n. 贝蕾帽Blitz /blits/ n. 闪电战blockade /blɔkeid/ n. 封锁bomber /bɔmə/ n. 轰炸机brigade /briɡeid/ n. 旅camouflage /kæmuflɑ:ʒ/ n. 伪装canister /kænistə/ n. 霰弹筒cannon /kænən/ n. 火炮canteen /kæn ti:n/ n. 军用水壶cantonment /kæn tu:nmənt/ n. 驻扎captain /kæptin/ n. 上尉cartridge /kɑ:tridʒ/ n.子弹casualty /kæʒjuəlti/ n. 伤亡catapult /kætəpʌlt/ n. 舰载机起飞弹射装置cavalry /kævəlri/ n. 骑兵chaplain /tʃæplin/ n. 随军牧师cluster /klʌstə/ n. 集束炸弹cockpit /kɔkpit/ n. 驾驶舱colonel /kə:nl/ n. 上校commando /kəmɑ:ndəu/ n. 突击队(员)company /kʌmpəni/ n. 连concentration /kɔnsən treiʃən/ n. 集结conscript /kən skript/ v. 征募contain /kən tein/ v. 钳制contingent /kən tindʒənt/ n. 小分队corvette /kɔ:vet/ n. 护卫艇counterattack /kauntərətæk/ n. 反攻, 反击court-martial /kɔ:t mɑ:ʃəl/ n. 军事法庭cruiser /kru:zə/ n. 巡洋舰defense /di fens/ n. 防卫deploy /di plɔi/ v. 部署destroyer /dis trɔiə/ n. 驱逐舰deterrence /di terəns/ n. 威慑disarmament /dis:məmənt/ n. 裁军dismiss /dis mis/ v. 解散division /di viʒən/ n. 师echelon /eʃəlɔn/ n. 梯形编队encirclement /in sə:klmənt/ n. 包围,孤立化extremist /iks tri:mist/ n. 极端分子firepower /faiəpauə/ n. 火力fission /fiʃən/ n.(原子的)裂变formation /fɔ:meiʃən/ n. 编队fortification /fɔ:tifi keiʃən/ n. 防御工事frigate /friɡit/ n. 护卫舰fusion /fju:ʒən/ n. 核聚变guidance /aidəns/ n. 制导hardware /hɑ:dwɛə/ n. 装备hegemonism /hi emənizəm/ n. 霸权主义howitzer /hauitsə/ n. 榴弹炮igniter /i nait/ v. 点燃infrared /infrəred/ a. 红外线initiative /i niʃiətiv/ n. 主动权intercept /intəsept/ v. 拦截interceptor /intəseptə/ n. 拦截机joystick /dʒɔi stik/ n. 操纵杆launch /lɔ:ntʃ/ v. 发射lay /lei/ v. 瞄准lieutenant /lef tenənt/ n. 中尉lift /lift/ v. 空运litter /litə/ n. 担架load /ləud/ v. 装弹lookout /lukaut/ n. 警戒march /mɑ:tʃ/ v. 进军missile /misail/ n. 导弹mobilization /məubilai zeiʃən/ n. 动员muzzle /mʌzl/ n. 枪口,炮口non-proliferation /nɔnprəu lifəreiʃən/ n. 不扩散orbit /ɔ:bit/ n. 轨道paratroop /pærətru:p/ n. (复数)空降部队parity /pæriti/ n. 均势periscope /periskəup/ n. 潜望镜platoon /plətu:n/ n. 排pullback /pulbæk/ n. 撤军regiment /redʒimənt/ n. 团shrapnel /ʃræpnəl/ n. 流霰弹silo /sailəu/ n. 发射井sonar /səunɑ:/ n. 声纳squad /skwɔd/ n. 班stronghold /strɔŋhəuld/ n. 要塞据点submarine /sʌbməri:n/ n. 潜艇surrender /sərendə/ v. 投降terrorism /terərizəm/ n. 恐怖主义terrorist /terərist/ n. 恐怖主义者theater /θiətə/ n. 战区torpedo /tɔ:pi:dəu/ n. 鱼雷trajectory /trædʒiktəri/ n.飞行弹道2.词组:aerial refueling空中加油air assault 空袭air base空军基地air defense alerting device 防空预警装置air defense anti-missile system 防空反导弹系统air defense artillery 高射炮air defense防空air raid空袭airborne alert 空中警戒aircraft carrier航空母舰airland battle空降作战air-to-air missile空对空导弹air-to-surface missile空对地导弹all-out attack 全面进攻ammunition depot 弹药库ammunition store弹药舱amphibious force海陆空军amphibious landing两栖登陆amphibious tank水陆坦克anti-ballistic missile反弹道导弹anti-ship missile反舰导弹anti-sub torpedo反潜鱼雷anti-submarine missile反潜导弹anti-submarine vessel反潜舰armed helicopter武装直升机armor-piercing projectile 穿甲弹arms control 军备控制arms expansion 扩军arms race 军备竞赛arms reductions 军队裁减arms sales 武器销售at ease稍息atomic bomb 原子弹aviation personnel 航空兵bacteriological weapon 细菌武器balance of power 力量均势ballistic missile defense弹道导弹防御ballistic missile 弹道导弹battle plane战斗机biological and chemical weapons 生化武器blue alert空袭警报capital tank主战坦克cargo planes 运输机carpet bomb 地毯式轰炸chemical defense corps 防化兵civilian use 民用coast guard 海岸警卫队cold war冷战combat power战斗能力combat radius 作战半径command post战地指挥所communications satellite 通讯卫星conventional submarine 常规潜艇conventional weapons 常规武器count off报数cruise missile巡航导弹defense spending国防开支defense system analysis防御系统分析department of defense国防部depth charge深水炸弹director radar引导雷达dog fight 空中格斗drag parachute减速伞dress right向右看齐early warning satellite预警卫星electronic fighter电子战机electronic reconnaissance satellite电子侦察卫星escort vessel护卫舰fall in集合fighter plane歼击机fleet depot ship舰队补给舰flight deck飞行甲板fuel bunker油料舱fuel tank燃油箱gasoline transport ship汽油运输船geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星global positioning system 全球定位系统ground attack地面进攻group army 集团军guidance device制导装置guidance radar制导雷达guided-missile submarine导弹潜艇gun sight瞄准镜heavy tank重型坦克high explosive 高能烈性炸药high-speed reconnaissance plane高速侦察机hydrogen bomb氢弹intercontinental ballistic missile 洲际弹道导弹intercontinental missile洲际导弹intermediate range ballistic missile中程弹道导弹joint military drill联合军事演习joint operations联合作战junior officer 下级军官 ,尉官landing ship登陆舰launch vehicle 运载火箭launcher 发射装置launching guidance device发射制导装置launching tower发射塔launching tube发射管lead element 先头部队light bomber轻型轰炸机light tank轻型坦克long-range ballistic missile远程弹道导弹low earth orbit近地卫星low frequency低频machine gun机炮marine crop海军陆战队marine radar航海雷达maximum range 最大射程medium tank中型坦克medium-range ballistic missile中程弹道导弹medium-range missile中程导弹military bloc 军事集团military buildup 军事集结military communications satellite军用通讯卫星military hardware 武器装备military meteorological satellite军用气象卫星military satellite军事卫星military science 兵法,军事学military use 军用military vessel战舰mine sweeping vessel扫雷舰mine-sweeping helicopter扫雷直升机mine-sweeping tank扫雷坦克missile frigate导弹护卫舰missile speedboat导弹快艇moon craft 月球探测机mushroom cloud蘑菇状烟云mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯mutual non-interference 互不干涉national defense 国防national security 国家安全national sovereignty 国家主权naval blockade海上封锁naval fleet海军舰队navigation radar导航雷达navigation satellite导航卫星neutral country 中立国nominal weapon 低威力核武器non-nuclear weapon states非核武器国家non-use assurance 不使用核武器保证nuclear deterrent 核威慑力量nuclear device 核装置nuclear proliferation 核扩散nuclear radiation 核辐射nuclear reactor 核反应堆nuclear testing 核试验nuclear weapon states 核武器国nuclear weapon-free zone 无核区nuclear-powered aircraft核动力航空母舰out of rank出列peaceful coexistence 和平共处reconnaissance satellite侦察卫星refueling stop 补给站regional disarmament 区域裁军remote sensing technology 遥感技术rocket engine 火箭发动机rocket launching site火箭发射场salvage vessel打捞回收船satellite communications vehicle卫星通信车sea depot ship海上补给船secretary of defense国防部长shock wave冲击波sighting device 瞄准器space station宇宙空间站special taskforce特种部队stealth bomber隐形轰炸机strategic bomber战略轰炸机strategic missile战略导弹:strategic nuclear weapon 战略核武器strategic offense 战略进攻submarine mine水雷surface to-surface missile地对地导弹surface-to-air missile地对空导弹survey vessel测量船tactical operation战术意图tanker aircraft空中加油机task force 特遣部队tender ship供应舰theater nuclear forces 战区核武器部队torpedo boat鱼雷艇trainer aircraft教练机transport plane运输机transport ship运输舰unilateral disarmament 单边裁军warning radar警戒雷达四、科技网络类1.单词:access /ækses/ n. 访问activate /æktiveit/ v. 激活attribute /ætribju:t/ n. 属性audio/ɔ:djəu/ n. 音频backup /bækʌp/ n. 备份bandwidth /bændwidθ/ n. 带宽binary /bainəri/ a. 二进制biochip /baiəutʃip/ n. 生物芯片bioengineering /baiəu endʒi niriŋ/ n. 生物工程biotechnology /baiəutek nɔlədʒi/ n. 生物技术bit /bit/ n. 比特blog /blɔɡ/ n. 博客bluetooth /blu:tu:θ/ n. 蓝牙broad /brɔ:d/ n. 宽带browse /brauz/ v. 浏览bus /bʌs/ n. 总线byte /bait/ n. 字节case /keis/ n. 机箱chip /tʃip/ n. 芯片click /klik/ v. 点击client /klaiənt/ n. 计算机的用户clone /kləun/ n. 克隆code /kəud/ n. 密码command /kəmɑ:nd/ n. 指令compatibility /kəm pæti biliti/ n. 兼容configuration /kən fiɡju reiʃən/ n. 配置copy /kɔpi/ n. 复制copyright /kɔpirait/ n. 版权cruise /kru:z/ v. 漫游cursor /kə:sə/ n. 光标cut /kʌt/ v. 剪切database /deitəbeis/ n. 数据库debug /ˌdi:ˈbʌɡ/ v. 调试default /di fɔ:lt/ n. 默认delete /di li:t/ v. 删除demo /deməu/ n. 演示desktop /desktɔp/ n. 桌上型的电脑digital /didʒitəl/ a. 数字显示的download /daunləud/ v. 下载driver /draivə/ n. 驱动程序或驱动器execute /eksikju:t/ v. 执行facilitate /fəsiliteit/ v. 促进file /fail/ n. 文件folder /fəuldə/ n. 文件夹font /fɔnt/ n. 字体format /fɔ:mæt/ v. 硬盘扇区格式化gadget /ædʒit/ n. 小玩意gateway /ɡeitwei/ n. 网关generator /dʒenəreitə/ n. 发电机graphics /ɡræfiks/ n. 图形hacker /hækə/ n. 黑客hardware /hɑ:dwɛə/ n. 硬件hub /hʌb/ n. 集线器icon /aikɔn/ n. 图标image /imidʒ/ n. 图像immunity /i mju:nəti/ n. 免疫input /input/ n. 输入install /in stɔ:l/ v. 安装interface intəfeis/ n. 界面invader /in veidə/ n. 入侵者know-how /nəuhau/ n. 技能,专业知识laptop /læptɔp/ n. 笔记本电脑license /laisəns/ v. 许可证mainboard /mein bɔ:d/ n. 主板malfunction /mæl fʌŋkʃən/ n. 故障manual /mænjuəl/ n. 使用手册,指南menu /menju:/ n. 菜单modem /məudem/ n. 调制解调器monitor /mɔnitə/ n. 监视器moonwalk /mu:n wɔ:k/ n. 太空行走multimedia /mʌlti mi:djə/ n. 多媒体outage /autidʒ/ n. 断电outlet /autlet/ n. 插座password /pɑ:swə:d/ n. 口令paste /peist/ v. 粘贴piracy /pairəsi/ n. 盗版pixel /piksəl/ n. 像素power /pauə/ n. 电源program /prəuɡræm/ n. 程序release /ri li:s/ v. 发布resolution /rezəlu:ʃən/ n. 分辨率restart /ri:stɑ:t/ v. 重新启动roam /rəum/ v. 漫游router /rautə/ n. 路由器scanner /skænə/ n. 扫描仪serum /siərəm/ n. 血清server /sə:və/ n. 服务器socket /sɔkit/ n. 插槽,插座software /sɔftwɛə/ n. 软件static /stætik/ a.静电的supersonic /sju:pəsɔnik/ a. 超音速的teleconference /telikɔnfərəns/ n. 电话会议template /templit/ n. 模版text /tekst/ n. 文本transmission /trænz miʃən/ n. 传输,传送undo /ʌn du/ v. 撤消update /ʌp deit/ v. 更新upgrade /ʌp reid/ v. 升级upload /ʌp ləud/ n. 上传up-to-date /ʌptədeit/ a. 最新的video /vidiəu/ n. 视频videophone /vidiəufəun/ n. 可视电话virus /vaiərəs/ n. 病毒。
法律英语重点专业词汇研究
法律英语重点专业词汇研究本文主要研究法律英语中的重点专业词汇。
在法律领域,准确理解和运用专业术语至关重要,因此掌握关键词汇对于法律专业人士至关重要。
1. 法律法规- 法律 (法律英文:law): 一国或地区制定并正式公布、由政府实施的规范人们行为的规则体系。
法律可分为刑法、民法、行政法等。
- 法规 (法律英文:regulation): 政府或其他有权机关颁布的规范性文件,具有行政强制力。
- 条款 (法律英文:article/section/clause): 法律、法规等文件中的具体规定或条目。
2. 诉讼程序和法庭相关术语- 诉讼 (法律英文:litigation): 通过法律程序解决纠纷或争议。
- 原告 (法律英文:plaintiff): 在诉讼中提起诉讼或寻求救济的一方。
- 被告 (法律英文:defendant): 在诉讼中被起诉或被控告的一方。
- 律师 (法律英文:lawyer/attorney): 具有执业资格从事法律服务的专业人士。
- 法庭 (法律英文:court): 由法官主持审理案件的地方。
3. 合同法- 合同 (法律英文:contract): 双方或多方之间为了确定权利和义务而达成的一种协议。
- 当事人 (法律英文:party): 在合同中具有权利和义务的个人或组织。
- 违约 (法律英文:breach): 违反合同规定的行为或不履行合同义务。
- 无效 (法律英文:invalid): 合同不具有法律效力或被认为无效的状态。
4. 知识产权- 版权(法律英文:copyright): 由法律保护的创作作品的独占权。
- 商标 (法律英文:trademark): 用于区分商品或服务来源的特定标识符。
- 专利 (法律英文:patent): 对发明、产品或制造方法等的独占权。
- 侵权 (法律英文:infringement): 未经授权使用他人知识产权的行为。
5. 财务法律- 税务 (法律英文:taxation): 政府根据法律规定对个人和组织征收的财务责任。
债权法课程中文介绍
债权法
课程代码:64015001
课程名称:债权法
英文名称:Law of obligation
学分:2 开课学期:第4学期
授课对象:法学专业本科学生先修课程:民法总论
课程主任:原蓉蓉,讲师,硕士
课程简介:
债权法是法学专业本科生的核心课程,既注重基础理论的传授,也注重训练学生解决实际法律问题的能力,采用的教学方法主要包括案例分析教学、问答式教学等。
债权法分为两个主要组成部分:总论与合同法。
主要讲述债权法的基本理论、不当得利、无因管理、合同的成立、内容、形式、效力、履行、变更、解除、责任等。
从而能在掌握法律原理的基础上能够运用相关法律法规的规定解决实际问题。
课程考核:
课程最终成绩=平时成绩*20%+期末考试成绩*80%;
平时成绩由出勤率、作业、小论文的完成情况决定;
期末考试采取闭卷考试。
指定教材:
[1]刘保玉等.《债法总论》.北京:科学出版社,2007年1月,第一版.
[2]王利明,房绍坤,王轶.《合同法》.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007年4月,第二版.
参考书目:
[1]张广兴.《债法总论》.北京:法律出版社,1997年7月,第一版.
[2]王丽萍.《债法总论》.上海:上海人民出版社,2001年8月,第一版.
[3]韩世远.《合同法总论》.北京:法律出版社,2008年3月,第二版.。
法律英语词汇
法律英语词汇法律英语词汇在法律领域,有许多专业术语和词汇需要了解。
下面是一些常用的法律英语词汇:1. Law - 法律2. Legal - 法律的3. Legislation - 立法4. Statute - 法令5. Act - 法案6. Constitution - 宪法7. Court - 法院8. Judge - 法官9. Jury - 陪审团10. Plaintiff - 原告11. Defendant - 被告12. Attorney - 律师13. Witness - 证人14. Evidence - 证据15. Trial - 审判16. Verdict - 裁决17. Appeal - 上诉18. Jurisdiction - 司法权19. Bail - 保释20. Sentencing - 判决21. Tort - 侵权行为22. Contract - 合同23. Breach - 违约24. Liability - 责任25. Damages - 赔偿金26. Negligence - 疏忽27. Fraud - 欺诈28. Property - 财产29. Estate - 房地产30. Will - 遗嘱31. Trust - 信托32. Patent - 专利33. Copyright - 版权34. Trademark - 商标35. Infringement - 侵权36. Bankruptcy - 破产37. Contractual - 合同的38. Criminal - 刑事的39. Civil - 民事的40. Administrative - 行政的41. Constitutional - 宪法的42. International - 国际的43. Liability - 责任44. Negligence - 疏忽45. Intentional - 故意的46. Due Process - 正当程序47. Jurisprudence - 法学48. Precedent - 先例49. Stare Decisis - 依据先例50. Habeas Corpus - 人身保护权51. Confidentiality - 保密性52. Dispute - 争端53. Injunction - 禁令54. Public - 公共的55. Private - 私人的56. Liability - 责任57. Malpractice - 不当行为58. Probate - 遗产审计59. Slander - 诽谤60. Libel - 诽谤罪61. Suing - 控告62. Settlement - 和解63. Restitution - 赔偿64. Breach of contract - 违约65. Act of God - 天灾66. Affidavit - 宣誓书67. Doctrines - 教条68. Breach of trust - 违背信任69. Jurisdiction - 司法权70. Lien - 留置权71. Remedy - 补救72. Statutes of limitations - 时效法73. Contempt - 蔑视74. Acquittal - 无罪释放75. Inadmissible - 不可采用的76. Null and void - 无效77. Alibi - 不在场证明78. Arraignment - 传讯79. Litigation - 诉讼80. Conviction - 有罪定罪81. Cross-examination - 盘问82. Defamation - 诽谤83. Inquest - 审讯84. Disbar - 剥夺执业权85. Extradition - 引渡86. Fiduciary - 受托人87. Indictment - 起诉书88. Plea - 奏折89. Pro bono - 免费律师90. Testimony - 证词91. Warrant - 法令92. Appeal - 上诉93. Bailiff - 安保人员94. Dismiss - 解雇95. Embezzlement - 盗窃罪96. Forfeit - 剥夺97. Injunction - 禁制令98. Mitigating - 降低99. Notary - 公证人100. Tortfeasor - 侵权者以上是一些常见的法律英语词汇,希望对您有所帮助!。
法律英语第一课翻译。
法律英语第一课翻译引言法律英语是指在法律领域使用的英语专业术语和表达方式。
随着全球化的推进,法律界对于英语专业人士的需求逐渐增加。
本文将介绍法律英语的基本概念和常用词汇,帮助读者理解和翻译法律文件。
法律英语的基本概念法律英语是法律体系中的一项重要内容,包括法律文件的起草、翻译和解释等。
在法律英语中,准确性和专业性是非常重要的原则。
法律文件的翻译需要注意保持原文意思的准确性,并确保译文符合法律的规定。
常见法律英语词汇下面列举了一些常见的法律英语词汇及其翻译:w - 法律2.Legal - 法律的3.Contract - 合同4.Agreement - 协议5.Plaintiff - 原告6.Defendant - 被告7.Judgment - 判决8.Court - 法院9.Evidence - 证据10.Witness - 证人这些词汇是法律文件中经常出现的,熟悉这些词汇对于正确理解和翻译法律文件至关重要。
法律英语的翻译技巧在翻译法律文件时,以下几点技巧可以帮助提高翻译质量:1.精确无误的翻译法律文件非常重要。
一些术语的错误翻译可能导致法律文件的失效,因此需要对法律术语进行深入理解并保持准确性。
2.翻译法律文件时要注重上下文的理解。
有时直译法律术语可能不合适,需要根据文件的整体内容进行适当的调整和解释。
3.参考专业的法律词典和资料是翻译法律文件的重要工具。
法律词典能够提供准确的翻译和解释,确保翻译的准确性。
4.在翻译过程中,要注意语言的简明扼要。
法律文件通常需要清晰、简洁的表达,避免使用过于复杂或晦涩的词汇。
结论法律英语作为一门专业领域,对于法律文件的翻译具有重要意义。
准确、专业的翻译能够保证法律文件的有效性,并为法律实践提供帮助。
本文介绍了法律英语的基本概念、常见词汇和翻译技巧,希望对读者理解和翻译法律文件有所帮助。
参考文献 - Smith, J. (2010). Legal English: How to Understand and Master the Language of Law. Routledge.。
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)
法律英语词汇大全(完美版)一、基本法律词汇1. 法律(Law):国家制定或认可的,用以规范社会成员行为、调整社会关系的规范总称。
2. 法规(Regulation):国家行政机关根据法律制定的具有普遍约束力的规范性文件。
3. 条款(Clause):法律、合同等文件中的具体规定。
4. 判决(Judgment):法院对案件审理后作出的结论性意见。
5. 律师(Lawyer):依法取得执业资格,为社会提供法律服务的专业人员。
6. 诉讼(Lawsuit):当事人依法向法院提起的请求保护自己合法权益的程序。
二、刑法相关词汇1. 犯罪(Crime):违反刑法规定,危害社会,依法应受刑罚处罚的行为。
2. 罪名(Charge):对犯罪嫌疑人指控的具体犯罪名称。
3. 刑罚(Punishment):国家对犯罪分子实行的一种强制措施,包括主刑和附加刑。
4. 刑事责任(Criminal Responsibility):犯罪分子因其犯罪行为所应承担的法律责任。
5. 量刑(Sentencing):法院根据犯罪分子的犯罪事实、情节和悔罪表现,依法决定刑罚的种类和幅度。
三、民法相关词汇1. 合同(Contract):当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的协议。
2. 权利(Right):法律赋予当事人实现某种利益的可能性。
3. 义务(Obligation):当事人依法应承担的责任。
4. 赔偿(Compensation):因侵权行为给他人造成损失,依法应承担的经济补偿责任。
5. 继承(Inheritance):继承人依法取得被继承人遗产的法律制度。
四、商法相关词汇1. 公司(Company):依法设立的,以营利为目的的企业法人。
2. 股东(Shareholder):持有公司股份,享有公司权益和承担公司风险的人。
3. 破产(Bankruptcy):债务人因不能清偿到期债务,经法院宣告破产,对其财产进行清算的法律程序。
4. 票据(Bill):具有一定格式,载明一定金额,由出票人签发,无条件支付给持票人或指定人的有价证券。
法律英语单词[带音标]
法律英语单词[带音标]Lesson 1 Lawjustice ['dʒʌstis] n. 司法,正义,公正(上诉法庭的法官)enforce [in'fɔ:s] v. 执行(厉行,强迫)penalize ['pi:nəlaiz] v. 处罚(宣告有罪,使不利)anarchy n. 无政府状态(混乱)judicial [dʒu(:)'diʃəl] a.司法的(法庭的,公正的,审判上的)procedural [prə'si:dʒərəl] a. 程序的relief [ri'li:f] n.救济(减轻,解除)petition [pi'tiʃən] v. 请求remedy ['remidi] n. 救济equity ['ekwiti] n. 衡平法,公平plaintiff ['pleintif] n. 原告【defendant [di'fend?nt] n. 被告complaint [kəm'pleint] n. 诉状decree [di'kri:] n. 法令,判决jurisprudence [,dʒuəris'pru:dəns]n.(英)法律体系(法律学,法学)enact [i'nækt] v. 颁布(法律)statute ['stætju:t] n. 法令,法规antitrust a. 反托拉斯的ordinance ['ɔ:dinəns] n. 法令,条例dealings ['di:liŋz]n. 交易、行为senate ['senit] n. 参议院,上院Lesson 2 Legal Systemcodify ['kɔdifai, 'kəu-] v. 使法典化,法典,编纂democracy [di'mɔkrəsi] n. 民主(民主制,民主国家)precedent [pri'si:dənt] n. 先例,判例jurist ['dʒuərist] n. 法官,律师,法律学者delegation [,deli'geiʃən] n. 授权promulgate ['prɔməlgeit] v. 公布tribunal [tri'bju:nl, trai-] n. 法庭executive [ig'zekjutiv] a. 行政的statutory ['stætjut(ə)ri] a. 成文法的,法定的damages n. 损害赔偿金amendment n. 修正案trust [trʌst] n. 信托,托管财产injunction [in'dʒʌŋkʃən] n. 禁止令,禁令jury ['dʒuəri] n. 陪审团trial ['traiəl] n. 审判guarantee [,gærən'ti:] n. 保障,担保analogy n. 类推default [di'fɔ:lt] n. 不履约,不到庭investigate [in'vestigeit] v. 调查,侦查advocate ['ædvəkit] n. 辩护人,律师Lesson 3 Legal Educationprofessional [prə'feʃənl] n. 专业人员substantive ['sʌbstəntiv] a. 独立的,规定doctrine ['dɔktrin] n. 原则,学说jurisprudence [,dʒuəris'pru:dəns] n. 法理,法理学bar n. 律师业,律师pretrial [pri:'traiəl] a. 审判前的client ['klaiənt] n. 委托人counseling ['kaunsəliŋ]n. 咨询服务negotiation [ni,gəuʃi'eiʃən] n. 谈判,协商attorney [ə'tə:ni] n. (美) 律师,代理人prosecutor ['prɔsikju:tə] n. 检察官litigation [,liti'geiʃən] n. 诉讼discrimination [dis,krimi'neiʃən n. 歧视institution [,insti'tju:ʃən] n. 制度Lesson 4 Court Systemhearing ['hiəriŋ]n. 审判,听审,听证会accuse [ə'kju:z] v. 控告,控诉release [ri'li:s] v. 释放justice ['dʒʌstis] n. 正义,公正,上诉法庭的法官delinquency [di'liŋkwənsi] n.(青少年)不法行为,犯罪injury ['indʒəri] n.伤害appellate [ə'pelət] a. 控诉的,上诉的reversal [ri'və:səl] n. 撤销prosecution [,prɔsi'kju:ʃən] n.指控try [trai] n. 审判,审理discretion [dis'kreʃən] n.自由裁量权arbiter ['a:bitə] n. 裁决人Lesson 5 Constitutionconstitution[,kɔnsti'tju:ʃən] n.宪法abide [ə'baid] v. 遵守charter ['tʃɑ:tə] n.宪章,特许状legislate ['ledʒis,leit] v. 立法ratify['rætifai] v. 批准ultra vires ['ʌltrə] [拉] 超越权限,越权congress ['kɔŋgres] n. 国会justification [dʒʌstifi'keiʃ(ə)n] n. 理由judiciary[dʒu(:)'diʃiəri] n. 司法部门,法院系统regulate['regjuleit] v. 调整,控制convention [kən'venʃən] n.惯例legitimacy[l i'dʒitiməsi] n. 合法性,合理性supremacy n.最高权力unconstitutional a.不符合宪法的referendum [,refə'rendəm] n. 公民投票parliament ['pɑ:ləmənt] n. (英)议会prerogative [pri'rɔgətiv] a. (有)特权的n. 特权abolish[ə'bɔliʃ] v. 废止Lesson 6 Administrative Lawadministrative [əd'ministrətiv] a. 行政的investigatory[in'vestigeitəri] a. 研究的adjudicatory [ə'dʒu:dikeit] a. 裁判的delegate['deligit] v.赋予(权力)compensation [kɔmpen'seiʃən] n. 补偿,赔偿impartial [im'pɑ:ʃəl] a. 公平的,不偏不倚的govern ['gʌvən] v.控制,管理regulatory ['regjulətəri] a.制定规章的license ['laisəns] v. 准许,发给执照fine [fain] n. 罚款,罚金detrimental [,detri'mentl] a. 有害的Lesson 7 Criminal Lawomission [əu'miʃən] n.不作为,疏忽,失职liability [,laiə'biliti] n. 责任defence [di'fens] n. 辩护guilty ['gilti] a. 有罪的mens rea (拉)犯罪意图defendant [di'fend?nt] n. 被告actus reus (拉)具有犯罪意图的行为conduct ['kɔndʌkt, -dəkt] n. 行为circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns] n. 情况,情节manslaughter ['mæn,slɔ:tə] n.杀人,一般杀人罪,过失杀人(罪)assault v. 袭击,突袭misconduct [mis'kɔndʌkt] n. 不正当行为arson n. 纵火,纵火罪discharge [dis'tʃɑ:dʒ] v. 履行(职责)causation [kɔ:'zeiʃən] n. 因果关系,起因adjudication[ə,dʒu:di'keiʃən] n. 判决Lesson 8 Criminal Procedure Felony ['feləni] n. 重罪subpoena[səb'pi:nə] n. 传票custody ['kʌstədi] n. 羁押arrestee n. 被捕人contraband['kɔntrə,bænd] n. 违禁品,走私品search [sə:tʃ] n. 搜查prosecutor['prɔsikju:tə] n. 检察官complaint [kəm'pleint] n. 起诉书,正式指控information[,infə'meiʃən] n. 起诉书(检察官提交)indictment [in'daitmənt] n. 起诉书(大陪审团提交)warrant['wɔrənt] n.证明,逮捕证(令)detention[di'tenʃən] n.拘留accusatiory [ækju(:)'zeiʃən] n.指控的arraignment n. 提审,聆讯plea [pli:] n. 辩解,答辩discovery [dis'kʌvəri] n. 证据开示suppression [sə'preʃən] n. 排除(证据)incriminate[in'krimi,neit] vt. 控告probation[prə'beiʃən] n. 缓刑incarcerate [in'kɑ:səreit] n. 关押adversary ['ædvəsəri] n. 对抗,对手Lesson 9 Civil Procedurenegligent ly ['neglidʒənt] ad.过失地breach n.违背,不履行redress [ri'dres] n. 赔偿,救济perpetrator n. 犯罪者,作恶者Sue [sju:, su:] V. 提出诉讼,起诉Wrongdoer n. 做坏事的人suit ['lɔ:su:t, 'lɔ:sju:t] n. 诉讼,官司lawarbitration n. 仲裁,公断mediation [,mi:di'eiʃən] n. 调停,调解,仲裁vindicate ['vindikeit] v. 维护actionable a. 可提起诉讼的liable ['laiəbl] a.应负有责任的forum ['fɔ:rəm] n. 法庭venue ['venju:] n. 审判地,管辖地,法庭jury ['dʒuəri] n. 陪审团recover [ri'kʌvə] v. 重新获得deprivation [,depri'veiʃən] n. 剥夺,丧失tort n. 侵权,侵权行为prescribe [pris'kraib] v. 规定,命令plead [pli:d] v. 辩护,答辩Lesson 10 Tortswrong [rɔŋ] n. 坏事,错误,错事award [ə'wɔ:d] v. 判给tortuous a.侵权的deterrence n.威慑手段intent [in'tent] n. 意图presumption [pri'zʌmpʃən] n. 假定battery ['bætəri] n. 殴打,击打imprisonment [im'prizənmənt] n. 关押confine ['kɔnfain] v. 限制行动trespass ['trespəs] n.非法进入(私人领地)prima facie ['pri:mə] (拉)初步的,表面的effect [i'fekt] v.实现negligence ['neglidʒəns] n. 过失,过错bar v.阻止recovery [ri'kʌvəri] n. 恢复原状privity n.非当事人的利益Lesson 11 Contractbinding a. 有约束力的bilateral [bai'lætərəl] a. 双边的,双方面的unilateral ['ju:ni'lætərəl] a. 单方面的,单边的void [vɔid] a. 无效的voidable a.可撤销的offer ['ɔfə] n. 要约nullity ['nʌliti] n. 无效,无效行为rescind [ri'sind] v. 废除notary ['nəutəri] n. 公证人acceptance [ək'septəns] n. 承诺consideration [kənsidə'reiʃən] n. 约因,对价shareholder ['ʃєəhəuldə] n. 股东minor ['mainə] n. 未成年人deliver [di'livə] v. 递送,交付valid ['vælid] a. 有效的Lesson 12 Property Lawtenure ['tenjuə] n. (土地)使用和占有chattel ['tʃætl] n. 动产proprietary [prə'praiətəri] a. 所有的,私人拥有的confer [kən'fə:] v. 赠予alienable a.可让与的devolution [,di:və'l(j)u:ʃən] n. (财产)转移intestacy n. 未留遗嘱而死亡的dichotomy [dai'kɔtəmi] n.二分法fixture ['fikstʃə] n. 俯在不动产上的动产hereditament n.可继承的财产easement ['i:zmənt] n. 在他人土地上的通行权consensual [kən'senʃuəl] a. 在双方意愿下成立的disposition [dispə'ziʃən] n. 处置权,支配权beneficiary n. 受益人intestate [in'testeit] a. 未留遗嘱的execution [,eksi'kju:ʃən] n. 执行lease [li:s] n.租借,租约,租赁物tenent n.承租人consumerism [kən'sju:məriz(ə)m]n.保护消费者权益运动,用户至上主张Lesson 13 Law Of Corporationtoll [təul] n. (通行)税,费monopoly [mə'nɔpəli] n. 垄断lobby ['lɔbi] v. 游说议员investor [in'vestə] n. 投资人concern [kən'sə:n] n. 公司,商店charter ['tʃɑ:tə] n. 营业执照campaign [kæm'pein] n. 竞选活动incorporate [in'kɔ:pəreit] n.设立法人组织capital ['kæpitəl] n.资本,资金stance [stæns] n.态度,立场stock [stɔk] n. 股票entity ['entiti] n. 实体assets n. 财产merge [mə:dʒ] v. 合并vest [vest] v. 赋予(权利或权力)transferability [-,fə:rə'biliti] n. 可转让性Lesson 14 Intellectual Propertycommerce['kɔmə(:)s] n. 商业confidential[kɔnfi'denʃəl] a. 机密的patent['peitənt, 'pætənt] n. 专利copyright ['kɔpirait] n. 版权,著作权trademark['treidmɑ:k] n. 商标assign v. 转让bequeath v. 遗赠account[ə'kaunt] v. 解释exclusive [iks'klu:siv] a. 独占的,排他的exploit [iks'plɔit] v.使用,利用remit[ri'mit] v. 移交的事物,移转database ['deitəbeis] n. 数据库claimant['kleimənt] n. (根据权利)提出要求者infringe [in'frindʒ] v. 侵犯interim ['intərim] a. 临时的incentive [in'sentiv] a. 刺激,诱因contest['kɔntest] v.争辩,争夺pend[pend] v. 待决Lesson 15 International Lawmunicipal [mju(:)'nisipəl] a.国内的,仅用与municipal lawsovereignty ['sɔvrinti] n. 主权,主权国家blend [blend] v. 混合discrete [dis'kri:t] a. 不连续的convention[kən'venʃən] n. 国际公约justifiable ['dʒʌstifaiəbl] a. 正当的observance[əb'zə:vəns] n. 遵守,惯例supranational[,sju:prə'næʃənl] a. 超国家的arbitral a. 仲裁的ad hoc a.(拉)专门的,临时的diplomatic [,diplə'mætik] a. 外交的,老道的elaboration [i,læbə'reiʃən] n. 苦心经营vitality [vai'tæliti] n. 活力,生命力regime[rei'ʒi:m] n. 政体,政权制度Lesson 16 Evidenceverdict ['və:dikt] n. 裁决advocate['ædvəkit] v. 证明,辩护conjecture [kən'dʒektʃə] v.&n. 推测inference ['infərəns] n. 推论,推断supposition [,sʌpə'ziʃən] n. 假定competency['kɔmpit(ə)nsi] n. 作证能力,作证资格ruling ['ru:liŋ] n. 判决relevancy ['reləvənsi] n. 相关性mandatory ['mændətəri] a. 强制性的admissibility n. 可采用性material [mə'tiəriəl] a. 实质性的,重要的eyewitness['aiwitnis] n. 目击证人testimony['testiməni] n. 证人证言confession [kən'feʃən] n. 供认,供述,坦白fraudulent ['frɔ:djulənt] a. 欺诈的,欺骗的。
法律英语(Legal+English)(第二版)
法律英语(Legal English)(第二版)法律出版社,2003年•北京何家弘Lesson One Legal System1. 公诉制度 public prosecution2. 普通法系 common law legal system3. 判例法case law4. 成文法(制定法) written law (statutory law)5. 遵从前例 stare decisis6. 判例汇编 reports7. 有约束力的法律解释binding interpretation8. 法学方法论 legal methodology9. 颁布•••为法律be decreed10. 巡回法官itinerant judges11. 英国皇家法院 English Royal Court12. 令状,法院令状writ13. 诉讼请求的强制执行 enforcement of a claim14. 追诉权 recourse15. 牛津条例Provision of Oxford16. 本案令状writ upon the case17. 诉讼行为forms of action18. 衡平法 equity law19. 公平且善良 ex aequo bono20. 特定履行(实际履行)方式之救济relief in the form of specific performance21. 大法官法院 Court of Chancery22. 补偿性损害赔偿金 compensatory damages23. 强制令the injunction24. 衡平法准则 maxims of equity law25. 法律概念 legal concept26. 不动产real property/ real estate/ immovable property/ realty27. 民事诉讼 civil suit28. 衡平法院 Chancery Court29. 财产法上的所有权分割 division of title in the law of property30. 先例 precedents31. 普通法系the Common Law Legal Family/ the English Law Legal Family/ the English-American Law Legal Family32. 大陆法系 the Roman Law Legal Family/ the Civil Law Legal Family/ the Continental Law Legal Family33. 五月花号公约the Mayflower Compact34. 制宪会议 the Constitutional ConventionLesson Two Legal Profession1. 法律职业/律师职业 the bar法官职业 the bench2. 律师协会 The Bar Association3. (律师)执业 practice law4. 执业律师 practicing lawyer5. 出庭辩护/代理诉讼 advocacy6. 法律咨询 counseling7. 法律文件的起草 drafting of legal instruments8. 法律文件 legal instruments9. 单独执业者single/individual practitioner10. 合伙关系 partnership11. 薪水律师 salaried lawyer12. 律师业务 law practice13. 专职法律顾问 house counsel/corporate counsel(公司或团体法律顾问)14.辩护人/律师 advocate15. 私人开业 private practice16. 州检察官/律师 state prosecutor/state attorney17. 地区检察官/律师 district attorney18. 起诉检察官/公诉律师 prosecuting attorney19. 检察系统prosecutorial system20. 联邦检察官 federal prosecutor21. 地方检察官 local prosecutor22. 助理检察官 assistant prosecutor23. 检察行业prosecutorial profession24. 个人尊严 the integrity of the individual25. 机会均等equality of opportunity26. 职业道德规范 ethics codes27. 听证会hearings28. 社区法律服务community legal services29. 单人开业 solo practice30. 律师/法律工作者(美国)attorney/attorney-at-law/counsellor/counsellor-at-law31. 律师(英国)barrister/solicitorLesson Three Legal Education1. 法律博士 Juris Doctor(JD)我国现称“法律硕士”并有新名“Juris Master(JM)2. 法学硕士 Master of Laws(LLM)3. 法学博士 Doctor of Juridical Science(SJD)4. 法律文书写作 legal writing5. 批评性思维 critical thinking6. 案例教学法 case method7. 苏格拉底式教学法 socratic method8. 讲演式教学法lecture method9. 美国律师协会认可的法学院 ABA accredited law schools10. 案情摘要briefs11. 模拟法庭 moot court12. 模拟审判 mock trial13. 课程指南 curriculum guide14. 刑事司法 criminal justice15. 自由资本主义laissez faire/lesei’ feə/Lesson Four Judicial System1. 联邦法院federal courts2. 联邦法院的组成:联邦最高法院the Supreme Court13个联邦上诉法院 Courts of Appeals95个联邦地区法院 District Courts此外还有:索赔法院 the Court of Claims关税法院 the Customs Court关税及专利上诉法院the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals等联邦特别法院 special courts3. 各州法院系统一般包括三级法院:基层法院多称为审判法院 Trial Court或巡回法院 Circuit Court中级法院多称为上诉法院 Appellate Court or Court of Appeals高级法院多称为最高法院 Supreme Court许多州也有一些专门法院:遗嘱检验法院 Probate Court青少年法院 Juvenile Court家庭关系法院 Court of Domestic Relations小额索赔法院 Small Claims Court4.联邦和州最高法院法官称为大法官 Justice上诉法院和审判法院的法官则称为法官 Judge有些基层法院的审判人员还称为治安法官 Justice of the Peace或司法官 Magistrate5. 美国联邦最高法院首席大法官 Chief Justice其他8人称大法官 Associate Justice6. 巡回法官Circuit Judge7. 合议庭Collegiate Panel/Collegiate Bench8. 诉讼当事人 litigant9. 司法管辖区 judicial district10. 案件数量caseload11. 联邦巡回法院 the Federal Circuit12. 复审案件 review a case13. 复查判决 review a decision14. 特别法庭 tribunals15. 死刑 capital punishment/death penalty16. 调案复审令writ of certiorari17. 具有开业律师资格be admitted to practice law18. 职业法官 career judiciary19. 民众选举 popular vote20. 现任法官 sitting judges21. 严重不端行为 gross misconduct22. 正式诉讼 formal proceedings23. 负民事责任incur civil liability24. 美国律师协会的“法官行为准则”The American Bar Association’s Code of Judical Conduct25. 私人开业律师 private practitioner26. 重罪felony27. 轻罪misdemeaner28. 审查案件的事实并作出判决 review the facts of a case and render a disposition29. 终审法院 court of last resort30. 司法巡回区judicial circuit31. 保释金 bond32. 预审听证 preliminary hearings33. 杀人 homicide34. 强奸 sexual assault35. 累犯 repeat offenders36. 惯犯 habitual offenders37. 驳回上诉 deny the petition for appeals38. 发回重审remand the case back to the lower court for reconsideration39.行使广泛的自由裁量权 exercise wide discretion overLesson Five Constitution1. 法律分类 classification of law2. 普通法Common Law衡平法 Equity3. 实体法 substantive law程序法 procedural law4. 公法public law私法private law5. 联邦条例 Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union(1977年,美国联邦会议通过,美国最早的宪法性法律文件)6. 宪法修正条款amendments7. 人权法案 the Bill of Rights(美国1787宪法前十条修正条款的合称)8. 宪法至上原则 doctrine of constitution supremacy9. 基本法 fundamental law10. 通过投票选举来表示其意思 express their will through the ballot box11. 严重不法行为 extreme misconduct12. 渎职行为 malfeasance13. 弹劾程序 process of impeachment14. 第二条第四款 article II, section415. 弹劾案 bill of impreachment16. 众议院 House of Representatives17. 参议院 Senate18. 严厉措施 drastic measure19. 众议院司法委员会House Judiciary Committee20. 生效 enter into force21. 无效 have no force22. 司法解释 judicial interpretation23. 叁权分立 separation of powers24. 制衡原则 checks and balance25. 滥用职权 excesses26. 行政法令合条例 executive acts and regulations27. 马伯里诉麦迪逊案 case of Marbury vs Madison28. 司法审查原则the doctrine of judicial review29. 合宪性 constitutionality30. 酸度测试/严格检验 acid test31. 否决 veto32. 特赦grant pardons for33. 拨款 appropriate funds for34. (法规、条约等的)序言、导言preamble35. 联邦条例 Articles of Confederation36. 权力的滥用 excessive power37. 英国普通法中的“自然正义原则”principles of “Natural Justice” under British Common Law。
常见法律术语中英文表达法
draft 法案,草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制,合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止,取消rescission, annulment 废除,取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免,豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法,国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利,公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税法律英语词汇2009-12-20 20:59:34| 分类:专业英语词汇阅读8 评论0 字号:大中小订阅管辖:jurisdiction级别管辖:jurisdiction by level地域管辖:territorial jurisdiction移送管辖:referral jurisdiction指定管辖:designation jurisdiction审判组织: trial organization回避withdrawal诉讼参加人participants in court诉讼当事人parties in court诉讼代理人agents ad litem期间:time periods送达service调解conciliation财产保全property preservation先予执行preliminary execution妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施:compulsory measures against impairment of civil actions 诉讼费:litigation costs第一审普通程序ordinary procedure of first instance第二审程序procedure of second instance起诉bring a lawsuit受理accept a case开庭审理trial in court诉讼中止suspension of a lawsuit诉讼终止conclusion of a lawsuit判决judgment裁定order简易程序summary procedure特别程序special procedure选民资格案件cases concerning certificates of voters宣告失踪proclamation of a person as missing宣告死亡proclamation of a person as dead无民事行为能力incompetent for civil conduct限制行为能力limited capacity for civil conduct无主财产property of ownerless执行申请application for execution执行移转referral of execution仲裁arbitration司法协助judicial assistanceAabsolute proof 绝对证明absolute property 绝对财产(权)abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前(偿还)条款acceptance 承诺accident report 事故报告accident insurance 意外保险accusation 指控;控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程(程序)accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪判决act 条例;作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 《预防诈欺和伪证条例》action 诉讼;作为actual losses 实际损失adjudication 裁决;裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 管理人;监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用;允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财产税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 对手adversary trial system 对抗式(或抗辩)审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护;诉讼代理advocate 辩护人;诉讼代理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持(原判)affirmation 保证书;证词affirmative 确保的agency (行政)机关agency action 机关(行政)机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白(不在犯罪场的证明)alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称;指控allege 诉称;指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System英美法系anonymous accusation匿名控告appeal上诉appear出庭appellant上诉人appellate action上诉行为appellate court上诉法院appellee被上诉人appealer上诉人appropriate拨款appurtenant附属物arbiter仲裁人arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array陪审员名单arrest逮捕arrest warrant逮捕令(证)arrestee被捕人article条款,文章article of authority授权条款articles of confederation《联帮条例》articles of incorporation公司组织章程artificial person法人Asian American legal defense and education fund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault意图或威胁伤害assert主张,宣称asset资产assistant attorney助理法官associate judge副法官associate justice副大法官assumption违约合同,违约赔偿之诉assumption 假定attempt意图,企图attempted escape逃脱未遂attestation证词attorney代理人,律师attorney at law律师attorney general检察长authentication鉴定authority权力,法源,权威性依据automobile insurance机动车保险automobile tort机动车侵权行为autonomy自治(权)Bban禁令,禁止banishment流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge破产债务解除bankruptcy judge破产法官bar律师职业bar association律师协会barrister出庭律师battery殴打bench trial法官审beneficiary受益人benefit收益,福得bigamy重婚罪bill of lading提单bill of right《人权法案》bind over具保,具结binder临时保险单binding有约束力binding contract有约束力的合同binding force约束力binding interpretation有约束力的解释black-letter law(普通接受之基本原则的)黑体字法black nation bar association全美黑人律师协会blue sky law蓝天法(关于股票买卖控制的法律)Board of Governors(ABA)(美国律师协会的)董事会body of law 法体bond 债券;保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭笞breach 违约;破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂(罪)bright-line test 明显界限检验标准broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金;中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司;姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act《大宗销售条例》burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任;证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃(罪)business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement(股权)承买协议buy-sell agreement(股权)买卖协议bylaws(内部)章程CCalifornia Penal Code《加州刑法典》capital account 资本帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 资本盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 判决报告case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance (意外伤害)保险catalog 商品目录(单)certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明(书)challenge 置疑;挑战challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控告文件checks and balances 制衡(原则)chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证;情况证据citation 引证cite 援引;传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判法律英语词汇(2)2009-12-20 21:02:17| 分类:专业英语词汇阅读10 评论0 字号:大中小订阅Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act 《内战所得税条例》Claim 诉讼请求,索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结,成交,结帐Closing argument 最后论述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 《法官行为准则》Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 附属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款,贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托,犯(罪)Commitment 犯罪,许诺,委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法赔偿金Common law legal system(family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财产Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财产Comparative law 比较法Comparative negligence 比较过失Compensation 赔偿(金)Compensatory damage 应予赔偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告,申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 《滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例》Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存(判决)意见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 没收Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意,认可Consideration 对价,约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction (法律的)结构,解释Construe 解释,分析Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者保护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 共同过失controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 非法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律顾问corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育机会委员会counselor (法律)顾问;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决意见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 交叉盘问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害赔偿请求damages 损害赔偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单(券)debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense's case-in-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 不足额判决degrees of murder (恶意)杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 故意deliberation (陪审团)评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性处理(或使用) designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (土地)开发商dicta 判决附带意见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接盘问direct tax 直接税disa bility insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 解雇;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移(保险)产品discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 处置(权)dissent 异议;反对dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见dissolution 解散distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地区检查官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法则;原则doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原则document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款"domicile 住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 起草;草拟draftman 起草者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转;排练due diligence 适当努力due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款due process test 正当程序检验标准duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务法律英语词汇(3)2009-12-20 21:03:22| 分类:专业英语词汇阅读16 评论0 字号:大中小订阅earnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素(件)empower 授权enact 制定;颁布en banc 全体法官出庭审判encroachment 侵占encumbered property 抵押财产enforce 实施;执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin(衡平)强制令entail 限定继承entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境影响报告environmental Law 环境保护法Environmental protection Agency(EPA) 环境保护局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等保护条款equitable relief 衡平救济equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券;衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走;逃脱escrow 第三者保存合同essential justice 实质公正estate财产;遗产estate tax 遗产税EUDirective 欧盟指令evaluate 评价evict 逐出(租户)evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规则ex aequo at bono 公平且善良examine 检查;盘问examination 检查;盘问exception 例外exception clause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude 排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 唯一征税地点excusable homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行;签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部门executive order 行政命令executor (遗嘱)执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除;豁免exhibit 展示物(证)exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期赔偿金expert 专家(证人)expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定express warranty 明示保证(保修)ex rel 依据告发face amount 面颊face value 面植facilitate 促使:利于fact 事实fact in issue 争议事实factor 因素;代理商Factors Lien Act 《代理商留置权条例》Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 非法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原则feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act 《联邦行政程序》Federal Antitrust Law 《联邦犯托拉斯法》federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act 《联邦住房条例》Federal Income Tax Act 《联邦所得税条例》federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure 《联邦民事诉讼规则》Federal rules of criminal procedure 《联邦刑事诉讼规则》Federal rules of evidence 《联邦证据规则》Federal securities act 《联邦证券条例》federal supremacy 联邦至上(原则)Federal tort claims act 《联邦侵权索赔条例》felon 重罪犯felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案;注册file a petition 呈交诉状;提出请求fine 罚金fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first instance 一审fixture (不动产)附属物flogging 烙印force of law 法律效力forcible felony 暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 外汇风险forfeiture 没收;罚没form contract 格式合同form of evidence 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking 正式规则制定formation 构成;鉴定franchise tax 特许经营税fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流,货物的自由流通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 基本法fundamental right 基本权利法律英语词汇(4)2009-12-20 21:04:29| 分类:专业英语词汇阅读12 评论0 字号:大中小订阅general acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认标准general partnership 一般合伙general property 一般财产(权)general provisions 总则gerontocratic 老人统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 政府侵权(行为)grant of power 授权gross negligence 严重过失group insurance 团体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪答辩Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 健康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证(会)hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传闻证据heir 继承人hierarchy 等级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定;裁定holding 认定;裁定holding device 拥有手段(形式)homicide 杀人(罪)homosexuality 同性恋house counsel (公司)专职法律顾问husband-wife relationship 夫妻关系husband-wife tort 夫妻侵权(行为)IId. 同上identification 认定;确认身份;身份证ignore 忽视;驳回illegal 非法的;违法的immaterial 无实质性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免(权)impair 损害;削弱impeachment 弹劾;质疑implementation 实施;执行implied contract 默认合同implied warranty 默认保证(保修)imprisonment 监禁imputable 可归罪于……的imputation 归罪in re 关于;案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的(诉讼)in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不可采证据incarceration 禁闭;监禁incest 乱伦income tax 所得税Income Tax Act 《所得税条例》income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力;无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的;无法律资格的incorporation 法人;公司;组成公司incorporator 公司创办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择(权)individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 失效的inequality 不平等infamous 罪恶的;丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处罚informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规则制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;情报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制救济injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 调查inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神失常insanity defense 精神失常辩护inspection 检查;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的土地出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损失insurance agent 保险代理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险项目insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财产intangible personal property 无形的人身财产(权)inter alia 除了别的以外interfere 干涉;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;(诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调解interrogation 国际商务intentional 故意的intentional tort 故意侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;调查investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不可撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不可撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官法律英语词汇(5)2009-12-20 21:05:16| 分类:专业英语词汇阅读19 评论0 字号:大中小订阅Jjoint tenancy 共同租借(权)joint venture 合资企业joint venture corporation合资公司joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合资企业judge法官judge-made law法官立法judge's chamber法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决,裁定judicial branch司法部门judicial clerkship法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district司法区judicial interpretation司法解释judicial notice司法任职judicial opinion法官判决意见judicial review司法审查judicial scrutiny司法检查judicial subjectivity审判主观性judicial system法院系统judiciary法官jurisdiction司法管辖区jurisprudence法理学juror陪审员jury陪审团jury charge法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice公正,大法官justice of the peace治安法官justifiable homicide正当杀人juvenile court未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency未成年人违法行为KKey man assurance关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks回扣Kill杀人Killer杀人者Know-how技术秘密,商业秘密Lland use law土地使用法last clear chance doctrine最后明显机会法则law 法,法律law firm律师事务所law merchant商业习惯法law of evidence证据法law reform法律改革lawsuit诉讼,官司lawyer律师lawyer in government政府律师;官方律师lawyer in private practice私人开业律师lawyerette律师娘lawman外行人lay witness普通证人;非专家证人lease租赁lease agreement租赁协议legacy遗产legacy tax遗产税legal合法的legal advice法律咨询legal commentary法律评论legal education法律教育legal effect法律教育legal enforcement法律效力legal English法律英语legal family法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律保护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障(措施)legal system 法律体系;法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部门legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收(税)liability 责任;债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate (车)执照牌license tax 执照税lien 留置(权)life estate 终生财(遗)产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼;打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧失权利Jurisprudence,History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book;case report;law report柏拉图Plato《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950)Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,1950(罗)被视为be deemed as被宣布为非法be outlawed;be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderline jurisprudence变通办法adaptation;accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律law of the place where the real property is situated;lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act;act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照consult参照具体情况in the light of actual conditions参照原文consult the original查士丁尼法典Code Justinian;Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编Authenticum超出法律范围的outside of law超出法律权限的extralegal超过权限exceed authority;beyond jurisdiction成文法written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法conflict of laws;rules of conflict冲突规则conflict rule;rule of conflict除(本法)另有规定外except for otherwise stipulated (by this law)除外条款provisory clause除外责任条款exclusion clause触犯公共利益encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益go against the state's interests触犯人民利益encroach on the interests of the people;go against the people's interests传统法律观念traditional ideas of law纯粹法学pure theory of law次要法规by law次要规则secondary rule从宽解释原则doctrine of liberal construction从权利accessory right达到法定年龄come of age大法the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister《大明律》Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty(中)大陪审团grand jury《大清律例》the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中)《大宪章》(1215)Great Charter,1215(英)单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向current trend of jurisprudence当然解释natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务moral obligation《德国民法典》German Civil code德拉古Draco地方各级人民代表大会local people's congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院local people's courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local people's procuratorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府local people's governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制dual constitutional monarchy system二元论the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制bicameral system法的本质the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of law法的发展development of law法的分类divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替the replacement of one historical mode of law by another 法的历史渊源historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容contexts of law法的社会作用social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code;statute book法典编纂codification of codes法定成年人的年龄age of majority;legal age法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人:agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing 法定年龄legal age;lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间prescribed time法定期限legal term法定权利legal right;right entitled by law法定权限limits of power prescribed by law法定人数quorum法定日appointed day法定时间appointed time法定时效statutory prescription法定条件legal condition法定限制statutory restrictions法定效力statutory force法定刑legally-prescribed punishment法定形式legal form法定责任statutory duty法定追溯期time of legal memory法定最高刑maximum statutory penalty;maximum statutory sentence 法官judge法官的自由裁量权judge's power of discretion法官权力范围extent of judge's power法官心证judge's mental impression法官中立原则Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂condification of laws and regulations法规的解释interpretation of statutes法规汇编corpus of the laws and regulations《法国民法典》Code Civile de Francais (法)法理jurisprudence;principle of law法理学家jurisprudent法律保护legal protection法律编纂codification法律标准legal standards法律补救legal redress法律部门legal department法律草案draft regulations法律措施legal measures法律大全Corpus legum法律的本土化和改写the localization and adaptiion of laws 法律的本质essence of law法律的地位position of law法律的定义definition of law法律的废止abolishment of law法律的公共秩序论public order theory of law法律的规范性normalization of law法律的继承succession of law法律的理想ideal of law法律的权威authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的实施administration of law;law enforcement法律的适用application of law法律的统一unification of law法律的推定presumption of law法律的推理analogy of law法律的完整性integrity of law法律的效力范围force's scale of law法律的效力形式force's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法律的演进evolutin of law法律的原理principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律对人的效力personal act of law编纂法律方法legal methodology法律分类classification of law法律赋予权力authority conferred by law法律改革law reform法律概念legal concept法律根据legal basis法律工作者legal professional法律关系legal relation法律关系的运行process of legal relation法律关系客体object of legal relation法律关系主体subject of legal relation法律规定provisions of law法律规范norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系system of legal rules法律含义intendment of law法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law法律现象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件legal requirement法律依据legal basis法律意见legal advice法律意见书legal opinion法律意识law-consciousness法律意义legal sense法律用语legal language法律与正义先验论 a prior theory of law and justice法律渊源source of law法律原本注释gloss法律原理legal doctrines法律原则principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律约束legal binding;legal restraint法律责任legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体object of legal responsibility法律责任主体subject of legal responsibility法律哲学philosophy of law;philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris 法律政策policy of the law法律职业道德legal ethics法律指导legal counsel法律制裁legal sanction法律制度regime of law;legal system法律秩序legal order法律主体资格capacity as a subject of law法律主张proposition of law法律属地原则territoriality of laws法律著述legal literature法律专家legal expert法律专业legal profession法律专著和教科书legal treati法律咨询legal advice法律尊严legal sanctity法盲legal illiterates法权right法社会学sociology of law法系legal system法协会law society法学jurisprudence法学博士doctor of jurisprudence法学导论leading principles of law法学的范畴体系the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识the consciousness of category of jurisprudence 法学的基石范畴fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法method of jurisprudence法学方法论methodology of jurisprudence法学会law society法学教科书law textbooks。
法律英语常用词汇大全民事法律
法律英语常用词汇大全------民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law; indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability 停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem 物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce 资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset; floating asset动产movables; chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae; a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles; divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis; a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权right of use; right to use of收益权right to earnings; right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use; right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让及alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right 债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give; pay债务debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio; obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages 人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让及担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金guaranty bond; security deposit押金deposit; foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money; deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge; satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus; product; work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction 著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design; industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China 商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法marital law; marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board 复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参及人succession participant遗产inheritance; heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议legacy-support ageement四、商事法律会计法accounting law税法tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company; corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company; affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state-owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company; fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid-in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding-up竞业禁止non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’ meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’ meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO)执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors 经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share; stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state-owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue 证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters 证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee 票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill; tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument 追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certifica te of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality 船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship’s credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading(B/L)空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings 涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance五、刑法总论刑法学criminal law; penal law犯罪学criminology犯罪心理学criminal psychology劳动改造法学reform-through-labor中国刑法史history of Chinese criminal law比较刑法学comparative criminal law刑事侦查criminal detection司法精神病学forensic psychiatry罪刑法定原则principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime罪刑相适应原则principal of suiting punishment to crime罪责自负原则principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime惩罚及教育相结合原则principal of combining punishment with education从旧原则the doctrine of observing old laws从新原则the doctrine of observing new laws从旧兼从轻原则the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment 从新兼从轻原则the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment追诉时效limitation of prosecution刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility刑事责任年龄age for criminal responsibility刑事责任能力criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility 犯罪crime; commit a crime故意犯罪intentional crime; willful crime过失犯罪negligent crime犯罪构成constitution of a crime犯罪主体subject of a crime犯罪客体object of a crime犯罪的主观方面subjective elements of a crime犯罪的客观方面objective elements of a crime犯罪对象target of a crime犯罪故意criminal intent; mens rea直接故意actual intent; direct intent间接故意indirect intent犯罪过失criminal negligence疏忽大意的过失careless negligence过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption不能预见unforeseeable; unpredictable不能避免unavoidable犯罪动机criminal motive犯罪目的criminal intent; criminal purpose防卫过当unjustifiable self-defense紧急避险act of rescue; necessity犯罪既遂completion of a crime犯罪未遂attempted crime犯罪形态criminal pattern犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime 犯意表示expression for a crime犯罪中止abandonment/discontinuance of a crime犯罪中断suspension of a crime行为犯behavioral offence危险犯potential damage offence结果犯consequential offence结果加重犯aggregated consequential offence类推analogy。
法学专业课程中英文对照
法学专业课程中英文对照法学专业课程中英文对照课程名称英文课程名称大学英语(1)College English(1)大学英语(2)College English(2)大学英语(口语)College English(Oral)经济管理Economics and Management文科高等数学Mathematical Analysis for Arts大学计算机基础University Computer Foundation航空航天概论B The Introduction to Aeronautics B工程认识Engineering Experience and Cognition法理学Jurisprudence中国法制史Chinese Legal History宪法Constitutional Law行政法与行政诉讼法Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure Law刑法总论General Theory of Criminal Law刑法分论Specific Theory of Criminal Law刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedure Law民事诉讼法Civil Procedure Law民法总论General Principles of Civil Law物权法Property Law债法(含合同法)Law of Obligations(Contract Law Included)商法(含公司法和证券法)Commercial Law(Company Law and Securities Law Included)知识产权法Intellectual Property Law经济法概论Introduction to Economic Law环境与资源保护法Environment and Resources Protection Law 国际公法(含外层空间法)Public International Law(Other SpaceLawIncluded)国际私法Private International Law国际经济法International Economic Law立法学Science of Legislation现代西方法理学Modern Western Jurisprudence法律社会学Legal Sociology法律逻辑学Legal Logic外国法制史History of Foreign Legal Systems中国传统法律文化Chinese Traditional Legal Culture 人权法Human Rights Law犯罪学Criminology证据法学Evidence Law律师与公证法学Lawyer and Notarization Law仲裁法Arbitration Law法律文书Legal Writing法律职业伦理Legal Ethics债权法T ort Law亲属继承法Family and Succession Law信托法Trust Law票据法Negotiable Instruments Law破产法Bankruptcy Law保险法Insurance Law科技法Science and Technology Law网络法Network Law电子商务法Electronic Commercial Law金融法Financial Law竞争法Competition Law财税法Financial and Tax Law房地产法Real Estate Law劳动与社会保障法Labor Law and Social Security Law航空法Aviation LawWTO规则与反倾销法WTO Rules and Anti-dumping Law海商法Maritime Law欧盟法European Community Law国际商法International Business Law专业实习ⅢProfessional PracticeⅢ模拟法庭Moot Court法律诊所Legal Clinic法国名著导读(含读书方法)Guidance of the Legal Classics’Reading(Reading Methods Included)文献检索与论文写作Legal Research and Writing学术交流Academic Exchanges案例分析Case Analysis法律英语Legal English毕业设计Graduation Project。
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侵权法
一.介绍
侵权法概念
侵权法是一个很难表述的概念,这个词语在平日交流中不常使用。
虽然它描述了一项法律中的重要分类,这个概念也已经否定了很多试图阐明出有用定义的尝试。
令人困惑的是任何一种广泛到能包含所有侵权行为的定义都太过于笼统而几乎没有意义。
所有侵权法中有一项常见的元素是一方会由于另一方实施的行为或不作为所产生的后果而受到损失或伤害。
除此以外,加速普遍化变成了不可能的任务。
事实上所有无限的多样的人类活动——比如说骑车,从事生意,谈话,写作,拥有并且使用真的或者个人财产,性行为——都有可能成为一种侵权行为的赔偿责任来源。
这种行为的多样性抵抗住了大面积的普遍性,这也是侵权行为的赔偿责任所赖以存在的基础。
如果对侵权的定义是必要的,它就会具有以下的性质:民事违法行为,一方的行为会对另一方造成人身财产伤害,或者是认识到另一方的利益想违背法律强制规定的责任。
明显地,侵权法是一块认识到并赔偿对受害人从身体,尊严和隐私的伤害到所拥有的财产和生意上的利益损失的法律领域。
侵权是一种民事违法行为——是遭受损失方(或者是共同起诉的多方)控告罪犯(侵权行为人)来使损害得到补偿或者是寻求一种禁令阻止伤害和民事违法行为的继续。
受害方必须证明侵权行为人犯罪。
侵权中的义务被强制当作法律遵行。
侵权法发作用,目的与正当理由
侵权法有三个主要作用和目标:(1)补偿受害方因为另一方的行为而蒙受的损失与伤害。
(2)置入应赔偿人的所应补偿的金额。
(3)防止未来的损失和伤害。
1.?补偿
侵权行为中受害的一方所遭受的伤害和损失我们应该称之为“损害”。
侵权法是基于所有损失,无论是有形的还是无形的都能够用金钱衡量的基础上的。
最基本的侵权赔偿是要求侵权行为人来支付受害者一笔“有补偿的破坏”。
2.?公正
(1)公平(2)现实原因(3)过失(4)无过失责任
(5)原告过失与赞成?
3.?对将来损失的预防
第三个主要的侵权法的作用和目标是控制人类行为表现来防止未来的侵权行为。
在这方面,法律起到了教育的作用。
以及在未来适用。
理论上,背负债务的罪犯自己也会在将来更加小心,来自侵权行为的赔偿责任的威胁也刺激了调整他们的行为与行为准则相一致。
二.过失
侵权行为的赔偿责任通常划分成故意,过失与严格上来说的侵权行为。
中心与重点是对过失行为引起侵权问题。
这种债务有几个元素:(1)被告人对原告负有的义务(2)因为被告人玩忽职守的错误符合行为要求(过失)(3)一个在过失行为和伤害结果之间的重要联系(4)公认的一种伤害或损失
在分析过失引起的案例时,我们首先要考虑具有过失性质的行为本身。
我们要用哪种方法来决定被告的行为或者疏忽失职是否可以被视为过失呢?
过失的通性
理性之人的标志
过失的证据
1.?举证责任
2.?专业和初步的证据
3.?事实即证据法则和间接证据
(1)如果没有过失,事故不可能发生
(2)由被告控制的环境
(3)被告没有其他辩解
谨慎义务
(1)造成的伤害和被告人之间的紧密联系度
(2)附属于被告人行为上的精神的谴责
(3)防止未来伤害的政策
玩忽职守
(1)对危险的合理遇见(2)完成的客体
(3)预防措施的可行性(4)普遍认可的惯例
因果关系
(1)“若非”标准(2)多个连续原因(3)介入原因
辩护
1.共同过失 2.相对过失
在分析行为过错的原因时,我们会首先考虑过失其本身的自然性。
我们以什么样的标准区认定被告的行为或疏忽是否能被视作过失?
一般过失的特征
根据已被接受的定义,“过失是低于法律对于防止他人收到原因不明的损害风险的标准的行为。
”在判断行为是否是过失时,行为人被指控他实际上知道什么或察觉了什么,以及他应该知道或察觉的。
明理的人的特征
知识,经验和领悟力。
?物理伤害的侵权责任是基于被告对于风险和对于一定程度的应当意识到(对原告的损害)的可能性的知识(实际的或推定的)。
在过失中(与故意的侵权行为不同的),行为人并不希望由其行为造成的伤害性后果;他不知道它们很大程度上注定会发生,也不相信它们会发生。
因此,正常的行为人(原告或被告)依照他们实际的知识和领悟力参加指控,同样的,也包括一定的基本对社会的基本常识以及对他所在的环境的观察和理解的技能。
显然,行为必须依据行为人实际知道和观察到的事实来判断。
过失的证明
1.?举证责任
从可能性(方面)考虑,举证责任由原告承担。
2.?专家和舆论的证据
在侵权诉讼中,专家证人常常是必要或理想的。
他们在答辩中的主要作用是:(1)在陪审员的常识之外为陪审团提供信息,例如科学信息,计算,测试,实验,以及一些类似的东西;(2)?通过他们对于案件的事实和(各方)呈递的观点,以他们的经验进行适用,为陪审团提供协助;(3)?在涉及专业的过失案件中,设立案件的标准。
3.事实自证与简介证据
事实自证。
“事情为自己说话。
”首先,应该注意,这是个举证责任问题;其次,在援引这一规则以前,必须满足三个条件。
(1)如果没有过失,事故不可能发生。
情况必须是这样的,可以推论出被告方的某些过失是损害的起因。
(2)由被告控制的环境。
必须表现出在适当的时机,原告的伤害或损害起于有被告唯一管理或控制的某项工具或形势。
(3)被告没有其它辩解。