人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用

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医学先驱的英语作文

医学先驱的英语作文Medical Pioneers: Shaping the Future of Healthcare.Throughout history, medical pioneers haverevolutionized the field of healthcare, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and technology to improve patient outcomes and save lives. These individuals, often driven by a passion for science and a deep empathy for their fellow human beings, have made groundbreaking contributions that have transformed medicine as we know it.One of the earliest medical pioneers was Hippocrates, known as the "Father of Medicine." He lived in ancient Greece and was the first to propose the idea that diseases have natural causes rather than being divinely inflicted. Hippocrates emphasized the importance of observation and reasoning,倡导通过观察和推理来诊断疾病， laying the foundation for the scientific method in medicine. His writings, which include the Hippocratic Corpus, are still studied today and provide valuable insights into theprinciples of medicine.Another crucial figure was Antoine Béchamp, a French microbiologist who is considered one of the fathers of immunology. Béchamp's wo rk on microorganisms and theirrole in disease pathogenesis was groundbreaking. He proposed the theory of "terrain" or internal environment, arguing that a healthy internal environment is crucial for resisting disease. This theory challenged the prevailing germ theory of disease, which attributed all illness to external agents. Béchamp's ideas have had a profound impact on our understanding of immunology and the role of the immune system in health and disease.In the 20th century, medical pioneers such as Alexander Fleming, discovered antibiotics, which revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. Fleming's discovery of penicillin, the first widely used antibiotic, savedmillions of lives by providing an effective treatment for previously fatal infections. His work launched a new era of antibiotic research and development, leading to the discovery of numerous other antibiotics that havetransformed healthcare.Another noteworthy medical pioneer is Jonas Salk, the American virologist who developed the first successfulpolio vaccine. In the 1950s, polio was a devastating disease that paralyzed and killed thousands of children each year. Salk's vaccine, which was based on inactivated polio virus, was tested and proven effective in clinical trials. Its widespread use led to a dramatic decrease in polio cases and ultimately eradicated the disease in many parts of the world. Salk's dedication and perseverance in the face of significant obstacles are an inspiration to generations of scientists and researchers.More recently, medical pioneers have made groundbreaking contributions in the fields of genetics, biotechnology, and personalized medicine. Craig Venter, an American geneticist, was the first to sequence the human genome, a feat that has revolutionized our understanding of human biology and disease. His work has led to the development of new diagnostic tests and therapies that are tailored to the individual's genetic makeup.In addition, biotechnology has opened new horizons in medicine, allowing for the creation of innovative treatments and therapies. One such pioneer is Kary Mullis, the inventor of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. PCR has become a fundamental tool in molecular biology, enabling researchers to amplify and detect specific DNA sequences with remarkable speed and accuracy. This technology has revolutionized genetic testing, diagnosis, and research, leading to advancements in areas such as genetics, forensics, and infectious disease detection.The field of personalized medicine, which aims to tailor medical treatments to the individual's unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, is also advancing rapidly. This approach promises to revolutionize healthcare by providing more precise and effective treatments that are tailored to the individual's needs. Medical pioneers such as Eric Topol, a cardiologist and geneticist, are leading the way in this field, using genomics, proteomics, and other "omics" technologies todevelop personalized therapies and preventive strategies.In conclusion, medical pioneers have made invaluable contributions to the field of healthcare, pushing the boundaries of science and technology to improve patient outcomes and save lives. Their dedication, innovation, and perseverance have led to transformative changes in medicine that have benefitted millions of people worldwide. As we look to the future, it is important to recognize and honor these pioneers for their remarkable achievements and to continue to support and encourage the next generation of medical researchers and innovators.。

关于医学传承的英语作文开头

关于医学传承的英语作文开头The annals of medical history are replete with sagas of countless individuals whose unwavering dedication and relentless pursuit of knowledge have shaped the very fabric of modern medicine. From the groundbreaking discoveries of ancient Greek physicians to the transformative advancements of contemporary medical science, the legacy of medical knowledge has been meticulously passed down through generations, ensuring its preservation and disseminationfor the betterment of human health. The enduring tradition of medical education serves as a cornerstone of this intricate tapestry of knowledge transfer, enabling the dissemination of medical expertise and the nurturing of future generations of healthcare professionals.Throughout history, medical knowledge has been transmitted through a myriad of modalities, each bearingits own unique significance. In the early days, medical education was often conducted through an apprenticeship model, where aspiring physicians received hands-on trainingunder the tutelage of experienced practitioners. Students would shadow their mentors, observing their clinical practices, assisting in procedures, and absorbing the intricacies of medical diagnosis and treatment. This immersive approach fostered a deep understanding of the art and science of medicine, as well as a strong bond between mentor and student.With the advent of formal medical institutions, the apprenticeship model gradually gave way to more structured educational programs. Universities and medical schools emerged as centers of medical learning, offering comprehensive curricula that encompassed both theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Students engaged in rigorous coursework, attended lectures, dissected cadavers, and participated in clinical rotations, honing their skills under the guidance of expert faculty. These institutions provided a standardized and rigorous approach to medical education, ensuring the quality and consistency of medical training.As medical knowledge expanded and new technologiesemerged, the need for continuous medical education became increasingly apparent. Continuing medical education (CME) programs were developed to provide practicing physicians with the opportunity to update their knowledge and skills, keeping pace with the latest advancements in medical practice. CME courses, conferences, and workshops offered a platform for ongoing professional development, ensuringthat healthcare providers remained abreast of the most current medical information and best practices.In recent years, the advent of digital technologies has revolutionized the delivery of medical education. Online learning platforms, medical simulations, and virtualreality training have emerged as powerful tools for disseminating medical knowledge and providing immersive learning experiences. These technologies have made medical education more accessible and flexible, enabling students and practitioners to learn at their own pace and from anywhere in the world. The integration of technology into medical education holds immense promise for enhancing the quality and reach of medical training.The transmission of medical knowledge is not merely a transfer of information; it is a profound process that involves the传承 of values, ethics, and professional conduct. Medical educators have a responsibility to instill in their students not only the technical skills of medicine but also the compassion, empathy, and dedication that are essential to providing high-quality patient care. Through mentorship, role modeling, and reflective practices, medical educators shape the character and values of future physicians, ensuring that they uphold the highest ethical standards in their professional practice.The tradition of medical education is a continuous and evolving one, adapting to the changing needs of society and the advancements in medical science. As we look to the future of medical education, it is essential to embrace innovative approaches, leverage technology, and foster a culture of lifelong learning. By doing so, we can ensure that the legacy of medical knowledge continues to be passed down through generations, empowering future healthcare professionals to provide the best possible care for patients.。

人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用

人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用【摘要】In the field of medical research, the use of personal pronouns in the introduction section of English medical papers written by both Chinese and foreign authors is a topic of interest. This article explores the frequency analysis, purposes, emotional connotations, pragmatic functions, and discourse coherence of personal pronouns in medical research papers. The study highlights the importance of personal pronouns in establishing a sense of connection between the author and the reader, as well as in conveying the author's stance and confidence in their research findings. The analysis also considers the impact of personal pronoun usage on the quality of research papers and provides suggestions for future research directions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of personal pronouns in medical discourse and sheds light on the potential implications for academic writing and communication in the medical field.【关键词】医学科研论文、人称代词、英文写作、语用功能、语篇衔接、论文质量、研究目的、文献综述、情感色彩、频率分析、重要性、影响、展望1. 引言1.1 背景介绍The background introduction of a medical research paper serves to provide readers with information on the context and importance of the study. In the realm of medical writing, the use of personal pronouns has been a topic of discussion among scholars. Personal pronouns, such as "I," "we," and "you," can significantly impact the tone and credibility of a research paper.1.2 研究目的The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of personal pronouns in the introductory sections of medical research papers written by both Chinese and Western authors. Personal pronouns play a crucial role in academic writing as they can convey various meanings and emotions, provide coherence and cohesion, and establish a sense of connection between the writer and the reader.1.3 文献综述In the literature review section of medical research papers written by authors from both China and foreign countries, the use of personal pronouns plays a crucial role in establishing the tone and credibility of the research. Personal pronouns such as "we," "I," and "you" are frequently used to create a sense of inclusivity and collaboration between the author and the reader.2. 正文2.1 人称代词的频率分析In analyzing the frequency of personal pronouns, researchers often focus on the balance between first-person pronouns (I, we) and third-person pronouns (he, she, they). High usage of first-person pronouns may indicate a more subjective tone, with the author directly attributing actions and conclusions to themselves or the research team. On the other hand, a higher percentage of third-person pronouns suggests a more detached and objective approach, where the emphasis is on the research findings rather than the researchers themselves.2.2 人称代词的用途探讨The use of personal pronouns in medical research papers serves various important functions. One key purpose of personal pronouns is to establish the author's presence and perspective inthe text. By using pronouns such as "I" or "we," authors can clearly indicate their role in the study and take ownership of their findings. This personal touch can help to create a stronger connection between the author and the reader, fostering a sense of trust and credibility.2.3 人称代词的情感色彩In academic writing, the use of personal pronouns can convey a range of emotions and attitudes towards the topic being discussed. Personal pronouns such as "I," "we," "you," and "they" can add a personal touch to the writing and allow the author to express their feelings and opinions more directly.2.4 人称代词的语用功能People pronouns serve various pragmatic functions in medical research papers authored by both Chinese and Western scholars. As an essential component of language, pronouns play a significant role in establishing interpersonal relationships between the writer and the reader. In the context of scientific writing, the use of pronouns can convey different levels of formality and objectivity.2.5 人称代词的语篇衔接人称代词在医学科研论文中的语篇衔接作用十分重要。

人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用

人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！Application of personal pronouns in introduction section of English medical research articles【Abstract】AIM: To investigate and contrast the personal pronouns used in introduction sections of English medical research articles written by Chinese medical writers (CMWs) and native English speaking medical writers (NMWs). METHODS: The personal pronouns used in 50 introduction sections written by CMWs and 20 ones by NMWs were investigated and compared using ESP genre analysis and the contrastive approach. RESULTS: The first personal pronouns were found mainly used in their plural forms in subjective cases and more favorably used in the introduction sections written by NMWs (85%) than those by CMWs (54%) (P 0引言科学研究通常被认为具有客观性，因此科研报道也通常被人们认为必须是客观的、非人称的［1］. 但作为研究者本人，在其科研报道中，除了客观地报道其科研成果、成就之外，他们还须一方面表明其研究的意义以及其研究对这一学科所做出的贡献，另一方面他们又要谦虚地吸引编辑和他们的读者，也就是他们要得到编辑和读者的赞同和接受，以达到研究者本人同编辑和读者之间的交流［2］. 从语言学角度来说，医学作者的这一交际目的可通过运用一些礼貌策略、信息构成以及具体的词汇、语法结构，比如说人称代词来实现. 我们认为某一人称代词的选用通常能揭示作者如何看待自己以及表明作者同读者、同行的关系［2］.本研究探讨了人称代词的使用是如何表明作者在研究中的作用、中外学术作者所撰写的英文医学研究性论文前言部分中人称代词使用的差异及原因.1材料和方法材料我们建立了两个英文医学科研论文前言部分的数据库，即中国作者撰写的前言部分语料库和英语为母语的外国作者所撰写的前言部分语料库. CMW 由中国出版的10种核心期刊及源期刊英文版随机选出的50篇最新的英文医学研究性论文前言部分组成；NMW由美国及英国出版的4种最具权威的期刊中随机选出的20篇最新医学研究性论文前言部分组成. 所选外国期刊为：The Journal of the American MedicalAssociation (J1) The New England Journal of Medicine (J2) The Lancet(J3) The British Medical Journal (J4). 中国期刊英文版为: Chinese Journal of Traumatology (J5) Chinese Medical Journal (J6) ACTA Pharmacologia Sinica (J7) ACTA Biochimica et. Biophysica Sinica (J8) Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences (J9) Chinese Medical Science Journal (J10) World Journal of Gastroenterology (J11) Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics (J12) Asian Journal of Andrology (J13) Cell Research (J14).方法我们采用ESP体裁分析方法(语步-步骤法)［3］和对比研究定量分析方法［4］通过上下文分析分别找出中外医学作者所撰写的前言部分每个语步中的人称代词，并分别记录它们出现的频数，并计算出它们在前言部分所有词中使用的千分比将两个语料库中所得出的结果用卡方进行对比分析研究. 我们采用ESP体裁分析方法和对比定性分析方法，分别找出中外医学作者所撰写的前言部分每个语步中的人称代词，计算人称代词在中外作者所撰写的50篇和20篇中使用的百分比将两个语料库中所得出的结果用卡方进行对比分析研究.中外医学作者在两个数据库中共使用了66个第一人称复数的主格、宾格和所属格形式其中主格占绝对多数；未发现第一人称代词单数和第二、三人称代词单复数形式; 中外医学作者每千字分别使用了和第一人称代词复数的主格形式，具有显著性差异(P3讨论英文医学研究性论文前言部分使用第一人称代词复数形式原因之一是基于这样一个事实，即大多数的医学研究都不是由一个人完成的因此“we” “us” 和“our”自然地强调了所有参与了研究工作人员的贡献. 原因之二是第一人称代词复数形式有助于缩短研究者本人和读者之间的距离因为“we”和“us”不仅是指作者和读者社交和交际的角色而且还表明作者和读者两者之间研究工作和研究目标的一致性. 最后一个也是最为重要的原因就是作者要在此强调他们自己对这一研究和这一研究领域所做出的个人贡献. 语步3通过概述研究目的、通报当前研究状况及通报主要发现来实现作者与读者的对话、强调本人对这一研究所做的贡献.中国医学作者使用第一人称代词复数主格形式远远低于外国医学作者一方面是由于中国医学作者一直以来所接受的教育造成的，认为科学研究具有客观性，应客观地、非人称地报道出来，因此中国人在撰写研究性论文中更多的使用被动语态及用一些抽象名词如“purpose aim goal”作主语，而不是用主动语态、第一人称代词“we”，来表达他们在这一研究领域中的研究地位，这显然没有充分地说明或突出他们对这一研究领域所做的贡献，没有完全达到他们与读者和编辑之间的有效交流. 另一方面，东西方在文化方面及思维模式上的差异也体现在了学术方面. 西方人的个人主义取向使得他们敢于藐视权威，突出自我强调他们在学术方面的个人贡献. 而东方人的集体主义取向以及中国人的中庸之道使得中国学术作者不习惯于“冒尖”，不习惯于突出自我，而隐埋自己则有一种安全感. 这两种文化上的差异在某种程度上造成中外医学作者在如何看待自己和如何看待自己的研究成果方面存在明显的不同.【参考文献】［1］Bazerman C. Shaping written knowledge ［M］. Madison Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press 1989.［2］Myers G. The pragmatics of politeness in scientific texts［J］. Applied Linguistics 19894: 1-35.［3］Swales JM. Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings［M］. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 1990:111-166.［4］Chih?Hua Kuo. The use of personal pronouns: Role relationships in scientific journal articles［J］. English for Specific Purposes 198813(2): 149-170.本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！。

中英文医学科研论文摘要的比较研究

ＴＮＦ一ｂｔａｓｕｌｏＴＮＦ－ｐｏｕｃｄｙｔｐ一ｓｒｃｔｓ仅ｒｄｅｂｙｅ２ａｔｏｙｅａｆｃｅＳｅｆｅｔｄＳＣＫＳｍＲＮＡｐｏｕｃｉｎｎｙｅ２ｓｒ — ｒｄｔｏｉｔｐ－ａｔｏ
三、医学论文摘要的人称代词
中文医学论文中的英文摘要的写法一般都强调不用 “ 第一人称 ” ，而主张使用 “ 三人称 ” 第。例
如：英文摘要 “ ｂｅｖｄｔａｎｔｎｘｇｎｕＷｅｏｓｒｅｔｏｏｌｅｏｅｏｓｈｙ
１．目的（ｂｅｔｅ。中文医学论文的目的一Ｏｊｃｉ）ｖ
的，不加评论和补充解释，是医学科研论文的重要组成部分。其作用表现为：可以使读者在最短的时
般采用简单的语句进行概括，常见的形式为动词不
定式短语。例如： “ 究Ｂ一１研、４一半乳糖苷键在各型人脑星形胶质细胞瘤中的表达变化特征（ｏＴ
（－，一ａｓ，ｎａｅｃｅｂｒｏｉｆｌ３１１４Ｇｉ）ａｄｔｔａｈｍｍｅｆｈｓａｙＴｈｔｍｉ
ｍａｌｙａｉｉｃｒｌｉｄｆｒｎｓｅａｄｃｉ．－ｙｐａｓｎｔｏｉｅｅｔｉｕｓｎｅｓｐｄｔｅｎｆｔｓｌ
Ｎｏｖ．，２１０１
中英文医学科研论文摘要的比较研究
严美娟
（通大学，江苏南通２６０）南２０１
【摘要】目的：讨和对比中英文医学科研论文摘要部分所存在的差异。方法：探通过自身写作及阅读大量的中英文参

医学英语论文摘要常用句型

医学英语论文摘要常用句型1)表达论文内容的常用句型A 第三人称主动态①This paper(article，report)describes…本文叙述…②This paper (article)reports…本文报告…③This report(paper，article)presents…本文介绍…④This paper(article，report)discusses…本文讨论…常用的动词还有analyze(分析)，evaluate(评价)，compare(比较)，describe（描述）等。

B 第一人称主动态⑤We report(on)…我们报告…⑥We describe a case of…我们描述1例…⑦In this paper，we present…本文介绍…⑧In this paper，we report…本文报告…主语除we之外，还可用the authors(作者)等。

C 一般现在时被动语态⑨A case is reported in which…本文报告1例…⑩A study of…is reported本文报告…的研究⑧…is(are)described．本文描述…⑥In this paper．…is(are)presented．本文介绍…2)表达目的常用句型A 一般过去时、被动语态①The purpose（aim，objective） of this study was to…本研究旨在…②The goal（aim） of this investigation was to…本研究旨在…③This study was designed to…本研究旨在…④This study was undertaken to…本研究旨在…⑤This prospective study was performed to…本前瞻性研究的目的是…⑥A study to…was carried out(during) (在…期间)所作研究的目的是…⑦An attempt has been made to…为了…而作试验B 动词不定式短语To evaluate，report，investigate，study，analyze…C 一般过去时、主动语态⑧We（the authors）conducted a study to…为了…我们进行了研究⑨To determine…，we studied…为了确定…，我们研究了…⑩In an attempt to…，in an effort to…或in order to…，we carried out a pilot study…为了…，我们进行了…的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有：evaluate(评价)，examine(检查，观察)，determine(确定，查明)，elucidate(阐明)，explore(探索)，test(测试)，compare(比较)，estimate(评估)，assess(估价)，investigate(调查)等。

人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用

人称代词在中外医学作者撰写的英文医学科研论文前言部分中的使用IntroductionIn the field of medical research, the use of personal pronouns plays a significant role in conveying the author's voice, perspective, and credibility. The choice of personal pronouns, whether in the first, second, or third person, can greatly impact the tone and clarity of a scientific paper. This essay aims to explore the usage of personal pronouns in the introduction section of medical research articles written by authors from both Chinese and foreign backgrounds.First Person PronounsThe usage of first person pronouns, such as "I" or "we," is more prevalent in papers written by authors from foreign backgrounds. These pronouns allow the authors to directly present their research and findings. By taking responsibility for the research, it enhances their authority and strengthens the credibility of the study. For example, a foreign author might write, "In this study, we investigated the effects of drug XYZ on tumor growth." This sentence establishes a direct link between the author and the research, allowing readers to understand the author's direct involvement in the study.In contrast, Chinese authors tend to avoid using first person pronouns in their papers. They generally use a more impersonal tone, employing the passive voice instead. This may be attributed to the influence of traditional Chinese writing styles, which prioritize the collective over the individual. Consequently, aChinese author might write, "The effects of drug XYZ on tumor growth were investigated in this study." The lack of a specific author can sometimes create a sense of detachment, making it difficult for readers to identify the individual behind the study.Second Person PronounsThe use of second person pronouns like "you" or "your" is rarely found in medical research papers, regardless of the author's background. These pronouns are usually used when addressing the reader directly, which is generally considered inappropriate in scientific writing. Medical research papers are meant to be objective and unbiased, focusing on facts and evidence rather than personal opinions or direct engagement with the reader.Third Person PronounsThird person pronouns, such as "he," "she," or "they," are the most commonly used in both Chinese and foreign-authored medical research papers. These pronouns allow authors to maintain an objective tone, present factual information, and avoid personal bias. By using third person pronouns, authors can distance themselves from the research and observe it from an unbiased standpoint.For instance, both Chinese and foreign authors might write, "Previous studies have reported the relationship between drugXYZ and tumor growth." This sentence allows authors to present previously established knowledge without asserting their personal opinions. The usage of third person pronouns shows that the author has done their homework and is aware of the existing research.ConclusionThe usage of personal pronouns in the introduction section of medical research papers varies between Chinese and foreign authors. While foreign authors tend to use first person pronouns to establish credibility and authority, Chinese authors often adopt a more impersonal and passive tone. Third person pronouns are widely used by both groups to maintain objectivity and present factual information. Regardless of the cultural background, it is crucial for authors to be mindful of personal pronoun usage to ensure a clear and objective presentation of their research.In addition to the differences in personal pronoun usage, there are several other factors that can influence the language and style of introduction sections in medical research articles written by Chinese and foreign authors. These factors include cultural influences, academic traditions, and language proficiency.Cultural InfluencesCultural differences between Chinese and Western cultures can significantly impact the language and style of medical research papers. Chinese culture places great importance on modesty and humility, which can be reflected in the writing style of Chinese authors. Chinese authors often avoid self-promotion or direct statements of achievement in their introductions. Instead of highlighting their own contributions, they may focus more on the background and significance of the research topic.On the other hand, Western cultures, especially North Americanand European cultures, tend to value individualism and self-promotion. This can be seen in the use of first person pronouns by foreign authors in their introductions. They may explicitly state their involvement in the research and emphasize their contributions to the field. This style of writing is driven by a desire to establish credibility and expertise.Academic TraditionsAcademic traditions also play a role in shaping the language and style of medical research papers. Chinese academic traditions emphasize the importance of collective knowledge and consensus. Therefore, Chinese authors often give more weight to previous research and the opinions of established experts in their introductions. They may cite multiple studies, theories, or schools of thought to provide a comprehensive overview of the research topic.In contrast, Western academic traditions value originality and novelty. Western authors often strive to highlight the unique aspects of their research in order to stand out in a competitive academic landscape. They may place more emphasis on the gaps or limitations in existing research, and how their study fills those gaps. This can be seen in the language used by foreign authors, who may state that their research is "groundbreaking," "novel," or "pioneering."Language ProficiencyLanguage proficiency also influences the language and style ofmedical research papers. Chinese authors who are non-native English speakers may face challenges in expressing their ideas clearly and succinctly in English. This can lead to the use of passive voice or complex sentence structures to convey their thoughts. In contrast, foreign authors who are native English speakers may have a stronger command of the language and therefore be able to express their ideas more confidently and concisely.Moreover, language proficiency can also impact the use of personal pronouns. Chinese authors, particularly those who have been trained in traditional Chinese writing styles, may be more accustomed to avoiding personal pronouns. This is not only influenced by cultural factors, but also by the grammatical structure of the Chinese language, which often does not require the use of personal pronouns.ConclusionThe language and style of introduction sections in medical research articles vary between Chinese and foreign authors due to cultural influences, academic traditions, and language proficiency. While foreign authors may utilize first person pronouns to establish credibility and emphasize their contributions, Chinese authors may adopt a more passive and impersonal tone. Cultural emphasis on modesty and humility, as well as academic traditions that prioritize collective knowledge, can shape the writing style of Chinese authors. On the other hand, Western academic traditions that emphasize originality and individual achievements can influence the language and style of foreign-authored papers. Additionally,language proficiency can impact the clarity and conciseness of the language used by authors from both backgrounds. By understanding and being sensitive to these factors, researchers can effectively communicate their research findings and contribute to the scientific community.。

从第一人称代词看科研论文中作者身份的构建

odern ChineseM113XIANDAI YUWEN一、引言学术语篇的写作过程也是构建作者身份的过程。

在这一过程中，作者运用多种语言资源传递学术信息，表达个人观点和立场，同时与读者展开互动，以使自己的研究获得认可，从而树立自己在该领域的学术地位。

作者身份的构建可以通过使用多种语言资源如评价“appraisal”（Martin，2000），“evaluation”（Hunston &Thompson，2000），立场“stance”（Hyland，1999），模糊限制语“hedge”（Salager-Meyer，1994），但使用第一人称代词是构建作者身份最突出、最重要的方式之一（Tang&John，1999；Hyland，2001，2002a，2002b）。

他们认为通过第一人称代词可以突出个人观点、强调个人贡献，同时传递出个人自信心和权威性，由此来构建符合所属学科群体的可信的作者身份。

虽然第一人称代词作为作者身份的显性标记是构建作者身份的重要的修辞手段（Hyland，2002a：1093；Martínez，2005：175），但在多大程度上作者通过第一人称代词介入学术语篇一直是学术界争议的问题，而且指导学术文体写作规范的教科书在人称代词使用问题上也未能达成一致（Hyland，2001，2002a）。

因此第一人称代词在学术语篇中的使用给一些学者尤其是非本族语学者造带来一定的挑战。

（Martínez，2005；Elvan，2018）目前国内语言学领域针对作者身份的研究起步较晚且数量较少，大多是从社会文化维度来关注学习者的作者身份构建（欧阳护华，2006；杨欣然，2015），而对中国学者在国际期刊如何构建作者身份的研究尚不多见。

本文拟在上述研究的基础上，利用自建语料库，考察国际英文期刊中外医学者科研论文中第一人称代词的使用情况，以探讨不同文化背景下作者身份构建方式的异同。

硕士论文写作时如何使用人称指示语

硕士论文写作时如何使用人称指示语第一篇：硕士论文写作时如何使用人称指示语硕士论文写作时如何使用人称指示语如果同学们读过很多篇硕士论文，应该会发现这个问题：在硕士论文中自我指称通常用复数“我们”，单数形式不用“我”而使用“笔者”“作者”等第三人称指示语，而很少出现“你”“你们”等第二人称。

为什么会这样呢？这是因为复数“我们”能够引发读者对观点的共鸣，而第三人称则可以增强论文的客观性与权威性。

人称虽然只是论文写作中的细节问题，但运用得当，仍然能够为论文增色不少。

下面我们就对硕士论文写作时如何使用人称指示语进行详细探讨。

一、硕士学位论文中的第一人称指示语（一）第一人称指示语的使用情况 1.第一人称单数通过统计分析语料库中的硕士学位论文发现，在这些论文中很少出现第一人称单数“我”作为作者的自我指称语。

此种情况也侧面印证了学术语篇的确有别于其他语篇的观点，学术语篇中的人称指示语具有特别的使用方式。

学位论文中第一人称单数“我”使用频率低的原因可能有以下三点：首先，这与研究生受教育的环境有关。

国内多数有关论文写作的书籍都认为，在学术论文写作过程中，文章中尽量不要出现第一人称单数作为作者自我指称语，可以使用第三人称指示语来代替。

不仅如此，国家标准（GB6447-86）《文摘编写规则》也对研究生的论文写作产生了一定的影响。

标准指出：“论文摘要的写作应以第三人称方式对论文的中心内容进行客观的叙述。

” 其次，与中国传统文化息息相关。

中国文化强调集体的力量，而不是单独突显某一个体所发挥的作用，所以，研究生在完成学位论文发表自己的观点时会不自觉地少用第一人称单数，避免给读者留下过于强调论文完成者的印象；与之相反，外国学者经常使用第一人称单数来发表自己的观点，这是受到了西方文化环境的影响。

最后，与学位论文自身的性质特点有关。

硕士学位论文是完成硕士学位必须撰写的，是要经过专家学者的审阅的。

研究生可能没有足够的自信心在论文中明显地强调自己的作者身份。

如何写好医学英文摘要1

如何写好医学英文摘要———摘要中动词语态与时态的使用第三章摘要中动词语态与时态的使用一、语态在科技论文中，对人称代词的使用有两种截然不同的主张。

一种是传统的主张，认为科技论文应着重客观事实的叙述，让事实本身来说明真理，而不应是某个作者的看法，更不要强调这些工作是由哪个作者做的。

因此，这一派主张少用第一、二人称代词，尤其反对用单数第一人称代词。

另一派的看法是：科技论文也应写得亲切，自然和直截了当，不应拐弯抹角。

因此这派意见认为，研究报告应该多用第一、二人称代词，这样可以少使用被动语态。

以免文章过于冗长。

但在目前国内外医学文摘中，仍以使用第三人称占绝对优势，基本上不用单数第一人称及第二人称代词。

这里着重介绍在需要表达“我”这一概念时的四种处理办法。

1.用复数第一人称We。

在报导性文章中，编者，著者多用We2.用不带动作执行者的被动态。

在论文摘要的语意中可以看出动作的执行者是作者本人。

3.用the author代表I，the authors代表•we•，但英语习惯不用•the writer。

101.The author presents the experience with•264 patient with Secondary renovascular hypertension.4.用this study，this report，this paper，this article•等代替第一人称代词。

如：102.This study reports our first year's experience of endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones.本文报告作者在第一年经内窥镜切开括约肌治疗胆总管结石的经验。

103.This report describes a patient with coexistent Crohn's colitis and Takayasu's arteritis involving the thoracic aorta, superior mesenteric artery,•and left hepatic artery.本文报导一例同时患有Crohn氏结肠炎及Takayasu•氏动脉炎的病例，动脉炎累及胸主动脉，肠系膜上动脉及肝左动脉。

中国学生英语作文中第一人称代词复数的使用情况--一项基于语料库的研究

青年文学家·语言研究摘要：本文以语料库作为探究方法，对比分析了中国英语学习者与英语母语者在第一人称代词复数使用情况上的差异，同时也观察了不同水平学习者在这方面地表现出的差异。

结果表明，中国英语学习者总体上过多使用第一人称代词复数。

关键词：中国学习者；第一人称代词复数；英语作文语料库；词频差异；口语风格迁移现象[中图分类号]：H31 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2013)-26-126-02代词是语言系统的重要组织部分，是表达指代含义的主要手段之一。

其形式虽较为简单，但其使用方法却非常复杂。

本文通过对比语料库分析的方法，以中国学习者语料库（Chinese Learner English Corpus，简称CLEC）为基础，考察中国英语学习者与英语母语者在代词使用上的差异，侧重分析其使用频率上的异同。

1、现有研究回顾目前，国外已经有越来越多的专家对英语第二语言学习者学习者使用代词的情况进行了调查和分析。

Kuo(1999) 通过研究科技论文中人称代词的使用情况，表明了第一人称代词的高频使用率，并指出其特定的语义指称和语篇功能，进而揭示了作者在学术社区中的角色关系。

Hyland（2005）通过对八种不同学科论文中作者身份的隐显进行研究，说明在学术论文中使用人称代词是一种高价值的修辞策略。

Petch Tyson ( 1998)发现英语作为外语的学生比母语学生在论文中更多体现作者自我身份，且这种身份的体现是频繁借助第一人称代词实现的。

现在也有很多国内学者开始关注人称代词。

李萍（2002）从作者与读者的互动关系入手探讨了人称代词在科技论文中的语用功能；梁少兰等( 2006)、黄大网等( 2008)等研究了人称代词在科研文章的前言部分的使用情况; 张玫( 2009)研究了科学杂志摘要中第一人称代词的使用情况。

2、研究设计2.1研究问题本项研究拟回答以下两个问题：1）中国大学生英语学习者与英语母语者在作文中使用第一人称代词复数的情况是否存在差异？2）不同水平的中国英语学习者使用情第一人称代词复数的情况是否有差异？2.2语料来源本研究使用中国学习者英语语料库（CLEC）中的两个子语料库St3和St4，分别由大学英语四级和六级考试组成。

学术写作必备英语代词的规范用法

学术写作必备英语代词的规范用法Academic Writing: Essential Guidelines for the Proper Use of Pronouns in EnglishIntroduction:In academic writing, the appropriate use of pronouns plays a crucial role in enhancing clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Having a strong grasp of pronoun usage is essential for scholars and researchers to effectively communicate their ideas and arguments. This article will provide comprehensive guidelines on the correct and standardized usage of pronouns in academic writing.1. Personal Pronouns:Personal pronouns are commonly used in academic writing to refer to individuals or groups of individuals. They include:- First-person pronouns (I, we): In certain academic disciplines, the use of first-person pronouns may be acceptable when reflecting on personal experiences or presenting research findings. However, it is important to maintain a professional tone and use them sparingly.- Second-person pronouns (you): Although second-person pronouns are frequently used in informal communication, they should generally be avoided in academic writing to maintain objectivity. Whenever possible, it is preferable to rephrase sentences to remove the need for second-person pronouns.- Third-person pronouns (he, she, it, they): Third-person pronouns are widely used in academic writing, particularly when discussing theories, concepts, or research findings. However, it is crucial to ensure consistencyin pronoun use, especially when referring to singular or plural antecedents.2. Demonstrative Pronouns:Demonstrative pronouns are used to point to specific people, objects, or ideas. The commonly used demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, and those.- "This" and "these" refer to something that is close in proximity to the speaker or writer. For example, "This study explores the impact of climate change on coastal ecosystems."- "That" and "those" refer to something that is further away from the speaker or writer. For example, "That theory has been widely debated among scholars."3. Relative Pronouns:Relative pronouns are used to connect dependent clauses to main clauses. They include: who, whom, whose, which, and that.- Use "who" or "whom" when referring to people. For example, "The researcher, who conducted extensive interviews, provided valuable insights."- Use "which" or "that" when referring to animals, things, or concepts. For example, "The theory, which has gained considerable attention, offers a new perspective on international relations."4. Indefinite Pronouns:Indefinite pronouns refer to non-specific people or things. They include: anyone, somebody, everybody, everything, etc.- Whenever possible, it is advisable to use specific nouns instead of indefinite pronouns. For example, instead of saying "Everybody knows," specify who specifically knows. This adds clarity to the sentence.5. Avoiding Ambiguity:In academic writing, it is essential to avoid ambiguity caused by pronoun usage. Clear antecedents should always be established for pronouns.- Ambiguous: "The professor said he was disappointed with the group's performance." (Who is he referring to?)- Clear: "The professor said Mr. Smith was disappointed with the group's performance."6. Gender-Neutral Pronouns:In recent years, there has been a growing awareness and importance given to gender-neutral language. When referring to individuals in a gender-neutral manner, the singular "they/their" is commonly used.- Example: "Each student should submit their assignment by the deadline."Conclusion:Mastering the proper use of pronouns is essential for academic writing. By following these guidelines, scholars and researchers can effectively convey their ideas and arguments while maintaining clarity, coherence, andconciseness. Using pronouns correctly contributes to the overall professionalism and credibility of academic work.。

2021中外医学期刊中英文摘要的比较分析范文3

2021中外医学期刊中英文摘要的比较分析范文选择国内外医学核心期刊英文摘要进行对比。

国内三种是《北京大学学报（医学版）》、《中华医学杂志》、《中华结核和呼吸杂志》，国外三种是CA-ACANCERJOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS,PHYSI-OLOGICAL REVIEWS,NATURE REVIEWSMOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY.对于每种期刊，将四年（2008~2011年）来所有论文的英文摘要逐年分层，每层随机抽取10篇，共40篇。

这样，国内外英文摘要样本的容量分别为120篇，共240篇。

两样本中的每篇摘要或多或少地包含着以下五种成分：背景、目的、方法、结果、结论。

[1] 经过逐篇分析，对第一人称代词、动词的时态、语态以及情态助动词这四项语言特征在各成分中的频数分布进行了统计。

一第一人称代词国内样本和国外样本中都有第一人称代词的出现，表明科技论文摘要中不可以出现第一人称代词的观点[2]已经落伍了。

国内样本中只出现了第一人称的复数形式（“we”、“our”）。

国外样本仍以第一人称复数形式（“we”、“our”、“us”）为主（共81例复数，占92.1%），但是出现了单数形式（“I”、“my”）7例，分布于“背景”和“目的”成分。

国外样本中的“结果”部分没有出现第一人称代词。

国外作者也许比国内作者更加意识到“结果”应该客观。

第一人称代词在两样本各成分中的频数分布存在显着性差异（p<0.05）。

第一人称代词在国内外英文摘要中都主要分布在“目的”和“方法”两个部分，国内想强调“我们的方法”,国外想强调“我们的目的”（见表一）。

国外样本中第一人称代词出现的总频次（88）差不多是国内（40）的二倍多。

考虑到国外样本总数为120,在国外样本中第一人称代词的出现频率是73.3%,远超过50%,这意味着，国外平均每两篇摘要中就至少会出现一个第一人称代词。

第一人称代词在国外摘要中的使用比国内更加普遍。

中英作者写作医学英语论文模式比较研究

中英作者写作医学英语论文模式比较研究主、述位理论是语篇分析的一个重要概念。

运用主位推进模式理论来分析文章,可了解作者的行文思路、语义意图及语句组织的手段。

本文拟通过对比分析中英作者撰写的医学英语科研论文中的主位推进模式,来探讨其相同点与不同点。

一、主位推进模式韩礼德(1994)提出了主位和述位的定义及划分方法,他认为主位(theme)是信息的起点,由句首位置来实现,其余部分称为述位(rheme)。

[1]Danes(1974)指出,每个语篇及段落都可以看成一个主位的序列,篇章的真正主位结构是主位的承上启下,而篇章中的主位间的所有复杂关系都称为主位推进程序(thematicprogression)。

[2]通过大量的研究,Danes提出四种推进模式,再加上其他学者如徐盛桓(1982)[3]、黄衍(1985)[4]、黄国文(1988)[5]、胡壮麟(1994)[6]、朱永生(1995)[7]所做的研究,共有以下七种主位推进模式:(1)主位同一型,主位相同,述位不同;(2)延续型,上句的述位成为下句的主位;(3)述位同一型,主位不同,述位相同;(4)交叉型,上句的主位成为下句的述位;(5)衍生型,上句提出总主位,然后从总主位派生出几个次主位;(6)主-述作主位型,上句的主位和述位中所表达的信息共同成为下句的主位;(7)述位分离型,上句的述位包含了可派生的述位,分别成为下面小句的主位。

本文将根据以上七种基本主位推进模式来分析中英作者撰写的医学英语期刊论文中的主位推进情况。

二、语料研究(一)语料本篇文章共收集医学论文80篇,前40篇由英美医学工作者撰写,选自国外医学期刊NewEnglandJournalofMedicine,JournalofAmericanMedicalAssociation,An-nalsofInter nalMedicine和BritishMedicalJournal;后40篇由中国医学工作者撰写,选自国内四本英文版医学杂志ChineseMedicalJournal,ChineseMedicalSciencesJournal,JournalofNanjingMedicalUni versity和Jour-nalofCollegesofPLA。

医学论文英文摘要中第一人称代词使用之分析

首先,医学期刊管理部门应根据国际医学期刊英文摘要撰写的新趋势,适当修改有关要求和规定。其次,从写作教学入手,在加强医学科研人员英语基本功训练的同时,注重培养他们掌握现代医学论文英文摘要的篇章结构和文体特点。最后,要加强对医学期刊英文编辑的培训,要求他们在编辑过程中严格把关,加强与作者沟通,并向作者介绍学术期刊语言变化的新趋势,逐步改变他们的写作观念,做到与时俱进。
国外知名医学期刊《TheLancet》国内中华医学系列杂志第6期丁茂平:医学论文英文摘要中第一人称代词使用之分析《中华内科杂志》,2009年以上实例进一步说明国内外摘要在目的和方法部分第一人称使用上所存在的巨大差异。
英语写作教师在授课时总是强调无人称代词的被动句是医学论文和其他科技论文英文摘要的特点,这样他们就形成一种根深蒂固的观点,认为在医学期刊英文摘要中应尽可能地避免使用人称代词,多用被动语态同时大多数作者在学写英文摘要时主要靠模仿,而国内很多书刊中的英文摘要,其本身就局限于传统的写作框架之中,因此他们的写作就很难有新的突破。
国内医学论文英文摘中第一人称代词的用法与国外摘要存在明显差异。在分析其差异产生原因的基础上,对国外医学期刊摘要中第一人称代词使用增多现象进行了讨论。认为医学期刊英文编辑应按国际期刊要求进行编辑加工,缩小国内医学论文英文摘要与国外摘要在第一人称代词用法上的差异,与国际期刊接轨。
近年来,英文摘要中的人称代词使用问题越来越受到重视。有学者认为,为了保持学术研究的客观性应尽量避免使用人称代词和主动态,使用人称代词表明作者的主观介入,影响科研的客观性;同时认为科研论文主要是对客观事物和过程的描述和说明,至于谁做无关紧要:因此,主张科研论文英文摘要多用被动语态,不使用人称代词。但有关国外医学研究论文及其英文摘要中第一人称代词的研究表明,原版医学论文及其摘要中,使用第一人称代词的主动句不断增加,它们不仅不会影响学术研究的客观性,而且可以使医学研究成果更容易被读者接受[1-3];因为采用第一人称代词主动语态进行描写,可以让编辑、读者感到作者在与他们进行对话,让他们参与其中进行互动,可以达到有效交流的目的。

英语人称代词及其用法（五篇范文）

英语人称代词及其用法（五篇范文）第一篇：英语人称代词及其用法英语人称代词及其用法1.his（物主代词）2.her(物主代词）3.Lucy's(所有格)4.my(物主代词）5.her parent（主语）6.children my（复数、物主代词）7.its（物主代词）8.are（be 动词复数）9.me（宾格）10.Ann's our(所有格、物主代词)人称代词：一、人称代词的宾格有：me（我）、him（他）、her（她）、it （它）、us（我们）、you（你、你们）、them（他们、她们、它们）。

二、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，往往用在动词或介词后面。

例：1.Listen to me,Dad.2.Peter is sitting behind me.3.Let me got here now.4.Give me an orange,please.三、you既是“你”或“你们”的主格，又是它们的宾格；her既是“她”的所有格，又是它的宾格。

我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。

四、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。

它虽然与介词with有同样的意思，但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语，也可以是人称代词的宾格，而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。

如：You and I are going to school.You are going to school with me.五、人称代词的主格和宾格单数形式：I-me,you-you,he-him,she-her,it-it(共5对)复数形式：we-us,you-you,they-them(共3对)六、人称代词在句中的作用1)主格作主语。

如：I am Chinese.我是中国人。

2)宾格作宾语，放在及物动词或介词之后，有时还可以在口语中用作表语。

如：①I don't know her.我不认识她。

(动词宾语)②What's wrong with it?它怎么了？(介词宾语)③-Open the door ,please.It's me.请开门，是我。

英汉学术论文第三人称的社交指示用法

英汉学术论文第三人称的社交指示用法第一篇：英汉学术论文第三人称的社交指示用法内容摘要：本文旨在研究英汉学术论文第三人称社交指示用法差异。

文章对四十篇中英学术论文进行了小范围语料检索，总结英汉论文第三人称不同社交指示用法和功能，帮助非英语本族语者撰写英语论文。

关键词：学术论文第三人称社交指示1.引言在语言使用中，不同人称的选取是一个复杂的过程。

其中人称的非常规用法反映了使用者根据不同社交场合和主观情感对语言的灵活运用，接收者也需要通过对相应的社交语境进行充分把握，从而正确理解使用者传达的社交意图。

社交指示体现在谈话双方所使用的种种言语手段之中，意在适应社交现场的不同需要，在话语中恰当地表达各自思想的言语行为（何自然，1988）。

eguillo，1999），但是关于学术论文这种特定体裁中人称的专门研究几乎没有。

根据myers，在学术论文中“是否选用人称代词通常能揭示出作者如何看待自己在某一研究中的作用及表明作者与读者、同行间的关系”（myers，1989）。

我们通过人称的选择揭示论文作者在学术社交场合中对与接收者关系及态度的定位，即传达社交意图。

在研究学术论文人称社交指示的基础上，本文对英汉学术论文进行了横向对比。

中西论文写作者深受不同文化系统和写作规范的熏陶和影响，对人称在社交场合的选择应该有所差异。

本文所选用的二十篇中文学术论文和英文学术论文分别来自cnki和国外五个领域专业协会期刊。

所涉及的五个领域分别为语言学，物理学，化学，医学和计算机科学，其中每个领域各选取五篇论文。

2.人称指示语人称指示语是指谈话双方用话语传达信息时的相互称呼（何自然，1988）。

陈治安对其的定义为“对编码与言语活动中的参与者或者相关角色的符号指称”（陈治安&彭宣维，1994）。

由此可见凡是在交际中参与者之间彼此称呼所用的符号都可以归为人称指示语。

黄国文（黄国文，1999）曾经对人称代词的常规用法和非常规用法进行了探索。