(完整版)苏教版初中英语8下U4知识点讲解
八年级下册英语(苏教版八年级)8BU4Reading语言点
8BU4Reading语言点1、After our ship crashed against/ into the rocks, I swam as far as I could、(1)against(prep) 表示“紧靠；碰，撞”，后接名词、代词、V-ing形式等作宾语。
她得自行车撞到岩石上，伤了腿。
His bike crashed against the rock, so he hurt his leg、墙边紧靠着一辆自行车。
There is a bike against the wall、雨点打在窗户上。
The rain beat against the window、把桌子靠着墙放put the desk against the wall 把自行车靠着树放put the bike against the tree斜靠着讲台站着lean against the teacher’s desk把脸贴在窗户上put one’s face against the window against 还可以表示“反对”。
(be against/ be for赞成)Are you against it or for it? 您对此事就是反对呢还就是赞成?(2)as+adj、/adv、+as I can=as+adj、/adv、+…as possible“尽可能地……”我们应该尽可能地多说英语。
We should speak English as often as we can、=We should speak English as often as possible。
请设法尽快完成这项工作。
Please try to finish the work as soon as you can、她妈妈尽量照顾好她。
His mother looked after him as well as she could、我会尽快赶过来、I will come as quickly as I can、as far as I know 据我所知2、By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out、(1)by the time 到……时候为止，直到……时候注意：当从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时；但如果主句中得动词就是be时，则往往不用完成时。
(最新版)苏教版初中英语初二八年级下册第四单元知识点总结归纳重难点汇总复习资料大全 (2)【精品推荐】
重点短语及交际用语一.词组take more exercise 多锻炼walk to school 步行上学three time a week 每周三次keep healthy 保持健康join the army 参军the love of one’s country爱国心want to be 想成为……play cards 玩牌play games 做游戏get …from…从……获得（得到）……would like(sb.)to do sth 想要（某人）干某事less than 不到how much/many 多少keep fit 保持健康not at all 根本不；一点也不feel worried 感到忧虑Good luck with sth/to sb祝好运be busy doing sth忙于干……give sb sth.=give sth to sb 给某人某东西二、日常用语We need an egg and a tomato for the soup.我们需要一只鸡蛋和一个西红柿做汤。
Would you like a glass of water?你想要杯水吗？Let’s make a pancake.我们做个薄煎饼吧。
How to keep fit?怎样保持身体健康？三、知识讲解1. Let’s have a hamburger.我们吃个汉堡包。
①let's=let us, let后面用动词原形即Let’s do sth.“让我们干……吧。
”例如：Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一下吧。
Let’s play games.让我们做游戏吧。
〖注意〗let’s开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句在句末加shall we？表示包括听话人在内的一种建议。
如果不表示建议，而是提出一种请求，表示允许，不包括听话人在内时，则let us不缩写成let’s，其反意疑问句为will you?我们踢篮球，好吗？（表示建议）让我们看看你的图画，可以吗？（表示请求允许）2．have动词，“吃、喝；有”。
英语八年级四单元知识点
英语八年级四单元知识点英语八年级的第四个单元主要学习了疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等语法知识，同时也包括了时间状语从句、定语从句等复合句的学习。
下面我们来具体了解一下这些知识点。
一、疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑问句的构成为：助动词+主语+谓语？例如：- Are you a teacher?- Do you like music?- Can you speak Chinese?2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是以疑问代词或疑问副词引导的问句。
例如：- What's your name?- Where are you from?- How old are you?- Who is your favorite singer?- When did you start learning English?3.反义疑问句反义疑问句又称为反问句，由两个部分组成，第一部分是陈述句、第二部分是反问句。
例如：- You can speak English, can't you?- It's a nice day today, isn't it?- He won't come to the party, will he?二、祈使句祈使句是用来表达请求、劝告或命令等意义的句子。
例如：- Open the window, please.- Don't play with fire.- Do your homework right away.祈使句的构成为：动词原形+其他。
三、感叹句感叹句用来表达惊奇、高兴、愤怒等强烈感情。
例如：- How beautiful the flower is!- What a wonderful performance!- How hot it is today!感叹句的结构为：感叹词+主语+谓语。
四、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示时间上的关系。
例如：- He will be back as soon as he finishes his work.- I'll call you after I arrive at the airport.- She was reading when I came in.时间状语从句的引导词有：when、before、after、as soon as、while等。
八年级下册英语(苏教版八年级)8BU4 Grammar 语言点
8BU4 Grammar 语言点Grammar I：疑问词+to-infinitive (疑问词+动词不定式)一.疑问词+动词不定式疑问词: 可以是所有的疑问词(除why外)二. 常和此结构连用的动词及动词短语有：know, learn, see, hear, ask, tell, decide, explain, find out, forget, remember, understand 等。
三. “疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句。
I don’t kn ow what to do.= I do not know what I should do.四. 这种结构在句中可以做宾语,主语和表语.五.有些疑问词，如what, which, whose, how many, how much等，其后可以先接一个名词，再接动词不定式。
I don’t know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
在“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构前，有时也可以是如sure, clear等的形容词。
I am not sure which way to take. 我不确定走哪条路。
六. 疑问词+to do sth +介词注意：who to look after what to write with七. 疑问词引导的宾语从句(从句要用陈述句语序)What do you think of the book? I don’t know what you think of the book.Grammar II must; have to一. must 肯定和否定形式must 表主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，“必须，得，要”。
must 的否定形式must not (mustn’t)表示禁止，“不能，不行,不可以”。
e.g. You must finish your homework today. 你今天必须完成家庭作业。
苏教版初中英语8下U4知识点讲解教学文案
8B Unit4 A good readComic strip＆Welcome to the unit1. Have you decided what to do with these books? 你已经决定怎样处理这些书了吗？do with意思是：“对付，处理”，相当于及物动词，在特殊疑问句中，do with 与what 搭配使用。
例：What do you do with this problem? 你怎样处理这个问题？拓展：deal with也意为“对付，处理”，用于特殊疑问句中，与how 搭配使用。
例：I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 我不知道怎样处理这个问题。
2. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.我得用它们来够冰箱上的书。
1）use sth. to do sth.意思是：“用某物来做某事”，也可用为use sth. for (doing) sth.。
被动语态为：sth. be used to do sth.例：We use computers to play games.= Computers are used to play games. 我们用电脑玩游戏。
2）reach 为及物动词，意为“够到，到达”I’m too short to reach the apple on the tree. 我太矮了，够不着树上的苹果。
3. They improve my knowledge of the past. 它们提高我对过去的认识。
Knowledge是名词，意为“知识，认知，学问”，后可接of的短语作定语或that从句作同位语，表示关于某方面的知识或对某人或某事的了解或理解，此时knowledge前须加定冠词the。
例：He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge. 他贫于金钱，但富于学问。
八年级英语下册Unit4知识讲解
八年级英语下册Unit4知识讲解unit 4he said i was hard-working【单元目标】1．单词与短语ever mad anymore snackmessage supposehard-working nervoussemesterworst true disappointinglucky copy hers decisionstart influence peace borderdangerfirst of all 首先pass on 传递be supposed to 被期望或被要求... ...do better in 在......方面做得更好be in good health 身体健康report card 成绩单get over 克服；恢复；原谅open up 打开care for 照料；照顾have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会be mad at sb2．目标句型：转述他人话语what did sb. say?he said i …she said she…they said…3．语法直接引语和间接引语【词汇学习】1．mad adj．极为愤怒的；十分恼火的she was mad with me for losing my keys．她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。
2．anymore adv．再；还（用于否定句）he doesn't come here anymore．他再也不到这儿来了。
3．however adv．无论如何he can answer the question however hard it is．不管问题有多难他都能回答。
4．suppose v．假定；认为；料想；期望what do you suppose you will do after school? 你放学后想干什么?5．nervous adj．紧张的；神经质的i felt very nervous when i went into his office．当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。
苏教版初二英语Unit4知识概要
八上Unit4一、重要单词用法1.名词：instruction指示tool工具glue胶水rope绳索scissors剪刀tape磁带；胶带DIY自己动手做mistake错误，失误course课程；过程rose玫瑰sentence句子grape葡萄strawberry草莓spoon勺子；调羹salad沙拉tip提示，指点cover封面，盖子，罩paint颜料example例子；榜样balloon 气球2.动词：fill使充满repair修补advise建议；忠告，劝告attend经常去；出席cut剪下，切下，割下mix混合add增加，补充leave使处于某种状态tidy收拾，整理stick粘住，钉住complete完成spell拼写3.形容词：crazy着迷的，狂热的，发疯的terrible可怕的correct正确的finished完成certain确定的active积极的，活跃的；主动的possible可能的secret秘密的4.副词：exactly确切地，精确地once曾经，一度already已经instead反而，却wrong错误地，不对二、常见词组1.had better最好2.stand for代表；象征3.instead of而不是，代替4.a pair of scissors一把剪刀5.be crazy about对……着迷6.put in 安装7.make a mistake犯错误8.power cut停电9.put up a picture张贴图画10.f ill…with…用……填充……11.a dvise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事12.t ake a course参加一门课程学习13.a ttend lessons上课14.c ut out pieces of card剪出几张卡片15.o n the other side of…在……的另一方面16.m ix...together把……混合在一起17.f or example例如18.p ut sth. on…把某物放在……上19.a ll over the floor满地都是20.t idy up 整理好21.k eep it secret保密22.g o wrong弄错，出故障23.s tick sth. on the cover在封面上贴上某物三、经典句型1.You’d better get some tools. 你最好拿一些工具来。
最新八年级下册英语(苏教版八年级)8BU4Reading语言点
8BU4Reading语言点1. After our ship crashed against/ into the rocks, I swam as far as I could.(1)against(prep) 表示“紧靠；碰，撞”，后接名词、代词、V-ing形式等作宾语。
他的自行车撞到岩石上，伤了腿。
His bike crashed against the rock, so he hurt his leg.墙边紧靠着一辆自行车。
There is a bike against the wall. 雨点打在窗户上。
The rain beat against the window. 把桌子靠着墙放put the desk against the wall 把自行车靠着树放put the bike against the tree斜靠着讲台站着lean against the teacher’s desk把脸贴在窗户上put one’s face against the window against 还可以表示“反对”。
(be against/ be for赞成)Are you against it or for it? 你对此事是反对呢还是赞成?(2)as+adj./adv.+as I can=as+adj./adv.+…as possible“尽可能地……”我们应该尽可能地多说英语。
We should speak English as often as we can.=We should speak English as often as possible。
请设法尽快完成这项工作。
Please try to finish the work as soon as you can.他妈妈尽量照顾好他。
His mother looked after him as well as she could. 我会尽快赶过来、I will come as quickly as I can. as far as I know 据我所知2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.(1)by the time 到……时候为止，直到……时候注意：当从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时；但如果主句中的动词是be时，则往往不用完成时。
八年级下册英语(苏教版八年级)8BU4 Integrated 语言点
8BU4 Integrated 语言点1. recommend a book 推荐一本书2. read it/ them to her sister 把它们读给她妹妹听3. get the idea for sth 有…的想法/的灵感4. on a train trip to London 在乘火车去伦敦的旅途中5. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事refuse+名词/ 代词/ to do我礼貌地回绝了他们的邀请。
I politely refused their invitation.那个人拒绝治疗。
That man refused treatment.汤姆回来时很悲伤，但他拒绝告诉我们发生了什么事。
Tom came back sadly but he refused to tell us what had happened.6. success n.成功；successful adj.成功的；succeed in doing sth (fail to do sth)你成功的秘诀是什么？What‘s the secret of your success?have success in 在…（方面）成功；big/ huge/ great success 巨大成功你在学英语方面成功了吗？Do you have success in learning English?我找工作没有什么结果。
I didn’t have much success in finding a job.success 成功，（不可数）；成功的人或物（可数）这次聚会非常成功。
The party was a big success.7. so far到目前为止我至今没有得到他的答复。
I have had no reply from him so far.So far as I know, 据我所知据我所知，到目前为止，我班只有Tom去过中国。
江苏专版译林八下U4知识点总结
江苏专版译林八下U4知识点总结1.A good read 一本好的读物解析：read,名词，意为读物”，常用单数形式。
如: ------A good read is like a great friend.一本好读物像一个好朋友。
拓展：read,动词，意为“阅读，读书”，常用于看书、看报等。
reader,名词,意为‘读者;读本”。
如: ------ How many English books have you read?你读过几本英语书?2.Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?霍波,你已决定怎么处理这些书了吗?解析：do with意为“对付,处理”，相当于及物动词,在特殊疑问句中，do with与what搭配使用，强调处理的对象。
如: ------What did you do with that camera you found?你是怎么处置你发现的那个照相机的?拓展: deal with也意为“对付，处理”,用于特殊疑问句中时，与how搭配使用，强调处理的方式、方法。
如: ------ I don't know how to deal with the problem.我不知道怎样处理这个问题。
------You can ask Mr Li for help.你可以向李老师寻求帮助。
3.I'm reading a book about Germany in World War I .我正在看一本关于第二次世界大战中德国的书。
解析: Germany,名词，意为“德国”，其形容词形式为German,意为“德国人的;德语的;德国的”。
如: ------Germany is a European country.德国是一个欧洲国家。
------German cars are different from ours.德国的汽车和我们的不一样。
八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳
新版八年级英语下册第四单元知识点归纳Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parentsWhy don’t you talk to your parents 你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢解析Why don't you do sth = Why not do sth 为什么不......呢拓展用于提建议的句型有：1What about doing sth =How about doing sth ….怎么样2Why don’t you do sth= Why not do sth 为什么不呢3Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧;4Shall we/I do sth 我们做…好吗5had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事6 Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗7 Would you like to do sth 你想去做某事吗8Would you mind doing sth你介意做某事吗回答1. 同意对方的建议时,一般用：◆ Good idea./ That’s good idea. 好主意◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法◆ No problem 没问题◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以◆Yes, I think so 对,我也这样想2.对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时,一般用：◆ I don’t think so 我认为不是这样◆Sorry, I can’t 对不起,我不能◆I’d love to, but…◆ I’m afraid…我愿意,但恐怕……I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep. 我要学的太多,因此我睡眠不足; 解析11too many + 复数名词许多 too many people2too much +不可数名词许多 too much homework3much too +形容词太…much too cold解析2so conj. 因此表示因果关系,后面跟表示结果的句子,不与because同时使用My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛;解析allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事拓展allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事They don’t allow smoking.allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事My mother allows me to watch TV.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事①We don’t allow ___________smoke in the reading room.②Our teacher allows us ____________go out for a walk.③The boy should be allowed____play after supper.④We won’t allow ________in the cinema .But you are allowed ______in the rest room.smoke⑤Teenagers should ___________ allow to choose their own clothes.拓展allow与let的辨析：allow指“允许”,表示“默许,听任,不加阻止”,allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事;Let指“让”,let sb do sth让某人做某事,语意较弱,多用于口语中,let不能用于被动语态;4. What’s wrong 怎么啦解析What’s wrong with sb./ sth 某人/物怎么了I’m real ly tried because I studied until midnight last night. 我真的很累,因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜;解析until 直到......时Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening今天晚上你为什么不早点睡觉呢解析go to sleep 去睡觉强调“入睡,睡着”这一动作7. You look sad, Kim. 金,你看起来很伤心;解析look 看起来系动词,后跟形容词作宾语拓展：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：be am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持：stay/keep 表示持续状态 stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化：become/get/turn 表示状态变化五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel 表示感觉Jack usually gets ______ when he speaks in public. A. happily B. exciting C. worried D. tiredTom’s father looks very _____. But he is very kind. A. seriously B. serious C. friendly You ____ call him up. 你____ 给他打电话;解析call up v + adv call on 拜访；号召 I call up my parents every Sunday., I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦,昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西;解析1find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.类似动词：hear,watch, see, feel解析2look through 浏览拓展与look相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look over look through look out look up look around look forward to10. Yes, but I’m still angry with her. 是的,但是我仍然很生她的气;解析be angry with sb. 生某人的气拓展angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地1be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气with后接人2be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 at后接事3be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气记 My father was very __________对……生气his computer. He hit the computer_______angry—Why are you unhappy, Kate —I didn’t finish my homework again. I’m afraid Miss Gao will be ___ me.A. angry withB. friendly toC. proud ofI was very angry ____ myself ___ making such as a stupid mistakes.A. at; atB. with; forC. at; withD. with; atshe’s wrong, It’s not a big deal. 尽管她错了,但也不是什么大错;解析1although= though 尽管 , 用来引导让步状语从句;注though / although 不能与but连用拓展although/however辨析⑴although conj,“虽然；即使；纵然”,引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可;Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了,但身体还很健壮;⑵ however adv,在句中作插入语,起一个连词的作用,一般用逗号与句子分开,可以放在句首或句中,意为“然而,尽管如此”;It’s raining hard, However, I think we should go out.雨下的很大;尽管如此,我认为我们还应该出去;解析2It’s not a big deal. 没什么大不了；不是什么大事常用于口语中You left your homework at home. 你把作业忘在家里了;解析leave v 遗忘,留下 leave sth . somewhere把某物忘在某地 leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下12. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决;解析1hope v 希望hope to do sth I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句表示希望I hope that you’ll be better soonwish v 希望 wish to do sth I wish to visit Guilin.wish do sth 希望某人做某事 I wish you to go.wish +that 从句表示愿望,从句用虚拟语气 I wish I were you.解析2work out 解决；成功地发展,后跟fine,well, badly等词,表明产生的结果如何; problem is I can’t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处; 解析get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处的好/坏they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候,就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家;解析1argue 争吵→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事argue against 争辩；反对 He argued against the plan解析2 hang over 挂在......之上；悬浮在......之上hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.hang on to 紧紧抓住You’d better hang on t o me in the crowd.hang up 挂电话；悬挂 After she finished her conversation, my elder brother is not very nice to me.解析elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill.elder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系,常用作定语older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系,可以用作表语,是old的比较级形式;记 My ______brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.解析2be nice to sb. 对某人友好 be friendly to sb. be good to sb.always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目;解析refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事①The boy refused __________go to see his father with us.②He refused when I asked him for help. A. said yesB. said no C. said hellohe watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反,他却想看什么酒看什么, 一直到深夜;解析1 instead 代替,反而,替1 instead 副词,代替,常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做,而做了后面的事情;Lee was ill so I went instead.李病了,所以我去了;2 instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中instead of 为介词短语,后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式;She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.她没有给他打电话,而是给他写了封信;Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich food.A. insteadB. instead ofC. because ofD. because解析2 whatever = no matter what 任何,每一your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题,你应该主动提供帮助;解析 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事拓展offer v 主动给予1 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事2offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物The little boy _____ his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus. A. offered B. brought C. lent D. took,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother 其次,你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢解析1secondly adv.第二；其次解析2communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流They communicate with each other by .They can’t understand each other so they have difficulty in _____.A. communicateB. communicatedC. communicatingshould explain that you don’t m ind him watching TV all the time. 你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视;解析explain 解释；说明→ explanation n 解释；说明explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事; explain to sb sth给某人解释某事21. I’m worried about my school grades. 我很胆小我的学习成绩;解析 be worried about sth. 担心某事拓展worry v 担心→ worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为…担心①Don’t be _________worry. You’ll catch up with others.② Don’t ____ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.afraid B. worry C. worried D. Terrifiedcousin borrows my things without returning them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我;解析return ⑴v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......⑵ v 回来；返回 = come backparents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力;解析press v 按；压→pressure压力⑴不可数名词物理学压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压⑵不可数名词还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下have to compete with my classmates at school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争;解析compete v竞争；对抗→ competition n 竞争compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛We are ready for the coming ________________compete.should all be ___ each other to improve. 你们都应该互相____ 而全面发展;解析improve =make ... better 改进→improvement n 提高gives their opinions about the problem 对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点;解析opinion n 意见；想法；看法in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点;days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes .目前,中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙,因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班;解析some time /sometime/some times/sometimes口诀：分开是一段, 合起是某时；分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时1 some time一段时间,做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间2 sometime adv 在某个时候,3 some times 名词词组,“几次,几倍”Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.4sometimes=at times 有时一般现在时的标志词I hope to visit the USA _____ in the future.A. sometimesB. some timesC. sometimeD. some time28. Others are practicing sports so that they can compete and win. 其他人正在练习体育运动, 这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜;解析others pron. “其他的人或事物”There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法;My sister is outgoing . She likes making friends with ____.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. othersTaylors are a typical American family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家;解析1The Taylors 泰勒一家 ; 在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”,使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致;The Blacks are getting ready for the holiday.解析typical 典型的be typical of “是……的特点”30.. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future.或许我可以减少他们的一些活动, 但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要;解析cut out 删除；删去v+adv You’d better cut out that sentence.cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断水、电供应Don’t ___ when others talk; it’s impolite. A. cut out B. cut in C. cut down D. cut off31. I really want them to be successful. 我真的很想他们成功;解析successful 成功的拓展 succeed v 成功,达到→success n 成功→successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地◆succeed in doing st h①If at first you don’t ____________success . try, try again.② She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.A. successful; passB. success ;passingC. succeed; passingD. successful; passing ’s time for homework.该写作业了;解析It’s time for sth 是到做某事的时候了;It’s time for lunch. It’s time to do sth It’s time to go to school.It’s 9:30 pm., children _____ is time to go to bed.A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. TheyIn some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. 在有些家庭,竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了,一直持续到他们长大;解析continue 继续；持续拓展continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事前后做同一件事continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事前后不是同一件事①Let’s continue____________read the text.②Many students hope to continue ________ study after _______finish s chool.③ The two teams continued _____ the game after half an hour.A. playB. to playC. playingD. played拓展continue,go on, last辨析⑴continue v.继续,持续,指进程在时间或空间上的延续,强调持续不断,有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行;He continue the work for two days.他连续两天都在做这项工作;⑵ go on指无间歇或有间歇地继续,或以某种特定方式继续;go on to do sth继续做某事,指开始做另外一件事；go on doing sth继续做原来所做的事情;After doing his homework, he went on to preview his lessons.做完家庭作业之后,他继续去预习他的研究;⑶last v.持续,延续,维持,指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续,说明某一动作要延续一段时间;She won’t last long in that job.那个工作她做不了多久;send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班;解析1send→ sent → sent v 发送短语： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物注类似的动词有：show 展示；给……看 give 给 lend 借出 offer提供 return 归还 tell告诉① You fill in both parts of the form, . send up it B. send for it C. send it awayD. send it offPlease send a photo of your family ____ me. A. for B. at C. to D. with解析2all kinds of 各种各样的拓展kind 1 n 种类kind of +adj.有点,有几分,kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的,某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的What kind of…那种2 adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好辨析kind of 与kinds of:○1kind of 单独用,表示“有点”,后接形容词或副词：He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦”I feel kind of hungry.”我有点饿”Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快;○2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等,译为“种,种类” 后加名词;That kind of question is difficult to answer. 那类问题难回答;What kind of sport do you like best 你最喜欢何种运动①This kind of skirt looks ___ and sells _____.A. nice ; wellB. nice; goodC. well; wellD. good ;nice②—What ____ animals do you like —Monkeys. I think they’re _____ clever.A. kind of; kind of B . a kind of ;a kind of C. kind of; a kind D. a kind of ; kind of③ —It’s going to rain. Let me fetch an umbrella for you. — Thank you You are so ____.A. luckyB. kindC. relaxedD. Interesting2013浙江台州17. —I want to see the movie Iron Man 3 钢铁3. Do you know the ______ of the ticket—Yes. Five dollars.A. numberB. priceC. kindD. name35..Kids should have time to relax and think for themselves, too. 孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考;解析have time to do sth 有时间做某事36. And they are always comparing them with other children.她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较;解析compare A with B 将A和B 比较1compare…with…把……与…..做比较2 compare…to… 把…..比做……①. People often compar e a teacher a candle.A. toB. intoC. asD. with②. It’s necessary English Chinese in English study.A. compare ; toB. to compare ; withC. comparing ; toD. to compare; into2011四川广元— Why are most children under too much pressure— Because their parents always compare them ___ others.A. WithB. byC. to37. Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.医生说太多的压力不利于孩子们的发展;解析1be good for 对......有好处拓展good better ; best adj. 好的→ goodness n 好处；善行；美德be good for 对….有益处反 be bad for对…有害处be good at +n/doing=do well in +n/doing 擅长于做某事be good to sb. =be kind to =be friendly to sb.对某人友好记The boy is good ______me .He is good ______English , and he tells me oral practice is good ______improve spoken English.. Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children.爱丽丝. 格林医生说所有的这些活动可能给孩子们带来很多压力;解析 cause v. 造成,使发生1 cause sb. to do sth 使某人做某事2 cause sb. for sb. 给某人添麻烦①She always ___ trouble ___ people.A. cause; toB. cause ; forC. causing; toD. causing; for②Every year driving after drinking wine ____ a lot of traffic accidents.A. happensB. providesC. causes拓展 cause, reason, excuse辨析⑴cause n.原因,指引起某种结果的“原因”,后接介词of.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.事故的原因是他开车开的太快;⑵reason n.理由,原因,指决定做某事或采取某项行动的理由;The reason he was driving so fast was that he didn’t want to miss an important meeting.他开车如此快的原因是他不想错过一个重要的会议;⑶excuse n.辩解,借口,指对某种行为所做的解释,可以是真的,也可以是托词;He made a good excuse for his driving.他为自己开快车找了一个堂皇的借口;What ___ the flowers to die A. made B. had C. caused D .getDo you often ___ trouble ____ your parents A. get; into B. pay; for C. cause; forD. give; to39. .In my opinion, it is important for children/ parents to ... 我认为, 对于孩子们/父母来说, ......是重要的;解析in one’s opi nion 以某人的观点；在某人看来40. Perhaps children/ parents should / could ......或许孩子们/父母应该/ 可能....... 解析perhaps 也许；可能拓展perhaps,probably,possibly,maybe辨析⑴perhaps意为“也许,可能”,一般指比较小的可能性;Perhaps I will see him the day after tomorrow, but I am not sure.也许我后天去看他,不过我不能确定;⑵probably“很可能,大概”,其可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思;He will probably refuse the offer.他很可能会拒绝这份提议;⑶possibly意为“可能,或许,也许”,可能性较大;I’ll see you today, or possibly tomorrow.我今天要见你,不过也可能是明天;⑷maybe“或许,大概”,主要用于非正式场合,常用在口语中,语气比perhaps轻;Maybe you put the letter in your basket. 或许你把信放在你的篮子里了;41. It’s crazy. 这是疯狂的;解析crazy. adj. 不理智的；疯狂的在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语be crazy about 对……着迷；热衷于……I’m crazy about football.42. Does Cathy Taylor think it’s important for kids to join after-school activities 凯西. 泰勒认为对于孩子们而言参加课文活动重要吗解析It’s + adj.easy,difficult,important,necessary +for sb. to do sth注若形容词表示事物特征的,如：easy ,difficult, hard ,important等,须用介词for 形容物,用forIt’s +adj kind, honest, friendly, +of sb to do sth.注若形容词表示人的性格、品质与特点,如：good ,kind ,nice, wrong等,用介词of;形容人用of2012山东东营It’s very con venient ___ us to buy train tickets now because we can buy them either from the station or on the Internet. A. to B. of C. by D. for① It’s important for us _______learn English well.②It’s hard for us ____________finish this task in two days.③ It’s very nice ____ you to help me a lot. A. for B. of C. in D. on④ –It’s very ___ of you to work out the problem for me. A. kind B. polite C. cleverD. easy43. keep on happening 持续发生解析keep on doing 继续做某事 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事 keep up with 跟上keep sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 keep away from避开Mr. Li kept _________work here for nearly 30 years.二、重点语法1. 情态动词should与could的用法should的用法should为情态动词,表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”,它和其他情态动词一样,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,其否定形式为shouldn’t;Maybe she should say sorry to you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起;could的用法情态动词could既是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议,后接动词原形,其否定形式为couldn’t;My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车;You could go out and buy her some medicine. 你可以出去给他买些药;The girl_____ read before she went to school. A. Coul d B. Couldn’t C. Should D. May 2.状语从句状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句;状语从句有好几种,如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等;本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句;1.until引导的时间状语从句until意为“直到；在........之前”;注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别;Until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词;如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词;The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops.We won’t start until Bob come Don’t get off until the bus stops. Continue in this direction until you see a sign.一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌;I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来;2.so that引导的目的状语从句so that是连词,意为“为的是,以便”,引导目的状语从句;注意so that, in order that和in order to在用法上的区别;Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.让我记下你的号码,为的是以后好打电话给你;3. although引导的状语从句although的用法意思相当于though尽管,虽然,用来引导让步状语从句;它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and, so等连用,但可以和yet, still等词连用;① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.尽管这本书很旧,我们还是决定买;② Although he was tired, he went on working.Although he had only entered the contest for fun, he won first prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已,却赢得了头等奖;。
英语八年级下册u4知识点
英语八年级下册u4知识点英语八年级下册U4是学习英语词汇、语法和听说能力的重要章节。
本章内容覆盖广泛，包括形容词的比较级和最高级、情态动词、日常交际用语、媒体报道等，下面就来详细介绍一下。
1.形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级就是描述人或事物的优劣与程度。
比较级表示两者之间的比较，而最高级则表示一个以上的人或事物中最高的一项。
比如：- Peter is taller than John.（彼得比约翰高。
）- The Great Wall is longer than the Yellow River.（长城比黄河长。
）- English is more interesting than math.（英语比数学更有趣。
）当形容词以 "y" 结尾时，直接加 "ier" 和 "iest"。
例如，happy 变成 happier，happiest。
2.情态动词情态动词可以表示能力、建议、允许等等。
比较常用的情态动词有 can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would、must 等等。
- You can swim in the pool.（你可以在泳池里游泳。
）- Could you help me with my homework?（你能帮我完成作业吗？）- May I borrow your pen?（我可以借你的笔吗？）- You must come to the party.（你一定要来参加聚会。
）3.日常交际用语在日常交际用语中，学生需要掌握目的、情感及请求等方面的用语。
例如：- Could you please pass me the salt?（请把盐递给我可以吗？）- Thank you for your help.（谢谢你的帮助。
）- How was your weekend?（你的周末过得怎么样？）- I need some advice.（我需要一些建议。
苏教版初中英语8下unit 4知识点
3, this is the -------(ugly)building in town .
4, I would like to be a ------(write)when I grow up .
5, I can’t remember the name of the book ,but if you’re ---------(interest)I can find out.
)
10,look for hidden treasure
11, the main character
12, brave
13,confidence
confident
14, be willing to do sth
15, exciting experiences {
16, in the future
P 60 ,1, a survey on reading habits
be tired to
Tie…to (v)
(n)
14, feel—felt
on my leg
15, move up over my stomach
16, until
(not
until )
17,look down /up
18, the same size as
the same as
19, little finger
20,tiny person
21,startclimbing all over me
22, around遍及，四周，大约
23，shout at
24, the loud noise
苏教译林版初中英语 八年级下册Unit 4
read n.读物cooking n. 烹饪，烹调novel n. 小说Germany n. 德国knowledge n. 知识spare adj. 空闲的；多余的French adj. 法国(人)的writer n. 作者, 作家ugly adj. 丑陋的touch vt.感动，触动against prep.紧靠，碰，撞tie vt.捆,绑over prep.从一边到另一边stomach n. 腹部，胃until conj. 直到...为止finger n. 手指tiny adj. 极小的fall over摔倒continue vt. &vi. 继续either adv.（否定句中）也manage vt.&vi.设法完成；管理lift vt. 举起，抬高；提高army n.大批，大群must modal v.应该，必须；一定unable adj. 不能的,不会的shoulder n. 肩膀hand vi.交；递，给hand in上交, 递交and so on...等等review n.评论return vt.归还on time准时renew vt.续借；更新；重新开始series n.一系列；系列节目publish vt. 出版so far到目前为止Canadian adj.加拿大(人)的at a time每次, 依次online adv.在线，联网sail vt.&vi.航行hidden adj. 隐藏的confidence n. 信心experience n. 经历, 经验advice n.建议，忠告，劝告librarian n. 图书管理员habit n. 习惯classical adj. 古典的opposite prep. 在...对面；与...相反open up开启；开创；开辟tired out筋疲力尽028B U n i t4知识梳理8B unit4 A good read【重点短语】1. a charity show 一场慈善演出2 .the host of the charity show 慈善演出的主持人3.be chosen to be the monitor 被选为班长4. practise a lot 多加练习5. be sure 确信，肯定6. only if 除非7. advertise on the internet 在网上登广告8. give out the leaflets 分发传单9. donate money 捐钱10. organize a charity show 组织一场慈善演出11. sell…to… 把…卖给…12. raise money 筹钱13. Project Green Hope 绿色希望工程(慈善机构)14.Project Hope 希望工程(慈善机构)15. Save China’s Tigers 拯救中国虎(慈善机构)16. Spring Bud Project 春蕾计划(慈善机构)17. return to school(go back to school) 返回学校18. return sth to…(=give sth back to…) 把…还给…19. big cats 大型猫科动物20. in poor areas 在贫困地区21. write to … 写信给…22. hear from sb=receive a letter from sb 收到…的来信23. free time 空闲时间24.because of…(+名词、代词或动词-ing形式) 因为…25. TV cameras 电视镜头26. watch the show 看演出27.on time 准时28. in time 及时29. introduce sb to… 把…介绍给…30. on duty 值日31. at the right time 在适合的时间32.at the same time 同时33. at the beginning of… 在…开始时34. at the end of… 在…结束时35. the big day 伟大的一天36. keep doing sth 一直做某事37. twenty minutes before the show 演出前20分钟38. get/ go into the theatre 进入剧场39. No time to be nervous any more 没有时间紧张了40. make noise 发出噪音41. become a little bit easier 变得有点容易了42. seem to do sth 似乎43. be over 结束44. a local business 当地企业45. have a lot of support 得到许多支持46. take part in 参加（活动）47. Best wishes 致以最美好的祝愿48. write down 写下，记下49. by mistake 弄错了50. at least 至少51. at most 最多52. It is a big success 真是太成功了53. help pay for their education 帮助支付他们的学费53.set up the stage 搭建舞台55. have a meeting/ hold a meeting 开会56. hold a charity show 举行慈善演出57. arrange work among the students 在学生中安排工作58. organize a play 组织剧本59. donations are welcome 欢迎捐赠60. thank the following for their help and support感谢下列提供我们帮助和支持的人61.on a snowy night 在一个下雪的夜晚62.from now on 从现在开始63.day and night 日日夜夜64.keep silent 保持沉默65.care about 关心【词汇拓展】1.cook v. → cooking (n.) 烹饪2．France n. → French(adj.) 法国(人)的3. write v. → writer(n.) 作家4．sell v. → sales (n.) 销售量[复]5. Canada n. → Canadian (adj.)6．confident adj. → confidence (n.)7. advise v. → advice (n.)8．stomach n. → stomachs (复数)9. able adj. → unable (反义词)10．hide v. → hidden (adj.) 隐藏的11. library n. → librarian (n.) 图书管理员12．class n. → classical(adj.) 古典的【重点句子】1.Have you decided what to do with these books, Hobo?霍波，你已经决定怎样处理这些书了吗？2. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could．在我们的船触礁之后，我尽可能远地向前游。
苏版初二(下)英语：unit4词汇篇(教师版)
苏版初二（下）英语：unit4词汇篇（教师版）____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。
allow: 允许，许可allow doing/ allow sb to dolook through(1)．温习Look through your notes before the examination．考试前把你的笔记从头至尾看一遍。
(2)．仔细查看I looked through my drawer，but I could not find my keys．我仔细查过抽屉，但是找不到钥匙。
You have to look through those reports before you attend the meetin g．开会前，你必须把那些报告看一遍。
(3)．not see sb or sth that is clearly visible；deliberately ignore sb o ne can plainly see故意视而不见I met him on the way home yesterday，but he just looked straight th rough mE、昨天我在回家的路上碰见了他，但他却故意不理睬我。
You must be blind, I was standing ten yards away, and you looked s traight through mE、你一定瞎眼了，当时我站在离你只有10码远的地方，你竟看不到我。
八年级下册英语（苏教版八年级）8BU4Reading语言点讲课稿
八年级下册英语（苏教版八年级）8BU4Reading语言点讲课稿8BU4Reading语言点1. After our ship crashed against/ into the rocks, I swam as far as I could.(1)against(prep) 表示“紧靠；碰，撞”，后接名词、代词、V-ing形式等作宾语。
他的自行车撞到岩石上，伤了腿。
His bike crashed against the rock, so he hurt his leg.墙边紧靠着一辆自行车。
There is a bike against the wall. 雨点打在窗户上。
The rain beat against the window. 把桌子靠着墙放put the desk against the wall 把自行车靠着树放put the bike against the tree斜靠着讲台站着lean against the teacher’s desk把脸贴在窗户上put one’s face against the window against 还可以表示“反对”。
(be against/ be for赞成)Are you against it or for it? 你对此事是反对呢还是赞成?(2)as+adj./adv.+as I can=as+adj./adv.+…as possible“尽可能地……”我们应该尽可能地多说英语。
We should speak English as often as we can.=We should speak English as often as possible。
请设法尽快完成这项工作。
Please try to finish the work as soon as you can.他妈妈尽量照顾好他。
His mother looked after him as well as she could. 我会尽快赶过来、I will come as quickly as I can. as far as I know 据我所知2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.(1)by the time 到……时候为止，直到……时候注意：当从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时；但如果主句中的动词是be时，则往往不用完成时。
(苏)初中八年级下册 英语Unit 4 A 重点知识
八年级下册Unit 4 A good read一、重点词组1.what to do with sth. 如何处理某物补充：how to deal with sth. 如何处理某物2.improve my knowledge of the past 提高我对过去的认知补充：knowledge不可数名词, to one’s knowledge 据某人所知3.crash against the rocks 撞到岩石上补充：against作介词还有反对的意思，against +名词/代词/V-ing 反对…4.in one’s spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间5.be tired out=be worn out 筋疲力尽补充：be tired of sth.厌倦做某事 be tired from因...感到疲倦6.the same size as...(反：be different from) 与... 一样大小7.shout at sb. 对某人大喊8.swim as far as one can 奋力前游9.manage to do sth 设法做某事10.on the one hand,on the other hand 一方面...另一方面11.reach the box on the fridge 够冰箱上的盒子12.touch sb 打动某人13.an extract from the book 这本书的一个节选14.fall down on the beach and go to sleep 倒在沙滩上，睡着了15.be tied to the ground 被绑在地上（被动语态）16.look down 向下看补充：look up向上看/查阅（单词）look through 浏览17.climb all over me 爬到我身上18.pull the hand free 挣脱一只手19.break the ropes 挣断绳索20.lift my left hand into the air 向空中举起我的左手21.a huge army of the tiny people 一大群小人e straight towards me 直直地向我走来23.how to get away 如何逃跑24.begin to do sth/begin doing sth/start to do sth/start doing sth开始做某事25.continue doing sth /continue to do sth /keep doing sth 继续做某事26.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事27.hidden treasure 秘密的财宝28.not as shy as I used to be 不像以前一样害羞29.have exciting experiences 有惊心动魄的经历补充：experience 意思为经验时不可数，意思为经历时可数30.on weekdays 在工作日31.the four great classical Chinese novels 中国古典四大名著32.discuss what to read 讨论读什么33.give sb advice on sth 给某人……的建议34.a great success 巨大的成功补充：be very successful in doing sth=succeed in doing sth=have success in doin sth=do sth successfully35.have been translated into 被翻译成……（被动语态）36.open up 开启；开创；开辟37.hand in （注意hand it in，代词放中间）上交补充：hand out分发，提出； give sb. a hand 帮某人忙by hand手工；亲手地 hands up举手hand over移交 hand in hand手拉手hand sb. sth.=hand sth. to sb.把某物递给某人on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面P5938.on time 准时补充：in time及时二、重点句型1.It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face. until 即可用作连词又可作介词，相当于till。
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8B Unit4 A good readComic strip＆Welcome to the unit1. Have you decided what to do with these books? 你已经决定怎样处理这些书了吗？do with意思是：“对付，处理”，相当于及物动词，在特殊疑问句中，do with 与what 搭配使用。
例：What do you do with this problem? 你怎样处理这个问题？拓展：deal with也意为“对付，处理”，用于特殊疑问句中，与how 搭配使用。
例：I don’t know how to deal with the problem. 我不知道怎样处理这个问题。
2. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.我得用它们来够冰箱上的书。
1）use sth. to do sth.意思是：“用某物来做某事”，也可用为use sth. for (doing) sth.。
被动语态为：sth. be used to do sth.例：We use computers to play games.= Computers are used to play games. 我们用电脑玩游戏。
2）reach 为及物动词，意为“够到，到达”I’m too short to reach the apple on the tree. 我太矮了，够不着树上的苹果。
3. They improve my knowledge of the past. 它们提高我对过去的认识。
Knowledge是名词，意为“知识，认知，学问”，后可接of的短语作定语或that从句作同位语，表示关于某方面的知识或对某人或某事的了解或理解，此时knowledge前须加定冠词the。
例：He is poor in money, but rich in knowledge. 他贫于金钱，但富于学问。
She has a rich knowledge of Chinese history. 她对中国的历史了解很深。
4. What do you like to do in your spare time? 你空闲时间喜欢干什么？Spare是形容词，意为“空闲的，多余的”例：How do you spend your spare time? 你怎样度过你的空余时间？拓展：spare也可作为动词，意思是：为…留出，匀出例：Please spare some time for your hobbies. 请为你的爱好留出一点时间。
Reading1. After our ship crashed against the rocks, I swam as far as I could. 在我们的船触礁以后，我尽可能远地向前游。
1) against是介词，意思是：靠着、顶着、迎着、衬着，例：The teache r’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
2) as far as 意为：与…一样远、一直到，在否定句中也可写为so far as,例：We walked as far as the river. 我们一直走到河边。
拓展：as far as也可表示为“就…而言，从…来看，尽…所能”例：We’ll help you as far as it is possible. 我们会尽可能帮助你。
2. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet, I was tired out.我能感觉到陆地在我的脚下，我已经精疲力竭了。
Be tired out 意思是：疲倦，精疲力竭例：Those players were tired out after the fierce match. 那些队员在那场激烈的比赛之后感到精疲力竭了。
拓展：be tired of 对...感到厌倦; be tired with 因...而疲劳例：I am tired of living aboard. 我厌烦了国外的生活。
He was tired with climbing that steep hill.我爬那座陡山爬累了.3. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它在我肚子和脖子上移动直到它站在离我脸很近的地方。
until 意思是“直到”，表示某一种动作一直持续到某一时间。
用在肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须用延续性动词。
Not…until意为“直到…才”，表示直到某一时间，某一动作才发生，之前该动作并没有发生。
用在否定句中，主句中的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词。
例：I studied English until 9 o’clock last night. 昨晚我学英语直到九点钟。
（表示九点前一直在学）I didn’t leave until 9 o’clock last night. 我昨晚直到九点钟才离开。
（表示九点才离开）4. He was the same size as my little finger. 他和我的小手指一样大。
the same…as…意思是“与…一样…”，这里as 是连词。
例：My dress is the same color as yours. 我的长裙和你的颜色一样。
拓展：the same as…意思是“与…一样”例：This answer must be a crib: it's exactly the same as Jones's. 这个答案可能是抄袭来的，跟琼斯的答案一模一样。
5. However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body. 但是，他们很快又起身，并继续在我身上移动。
continue意思是“继续”，指动作或状态的继续或持续不中断。
可以表示一件事一直在做，中间没有停歇；也可以表示中间有一个中断，接着又做下去，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
后可以加名词、动名词、不定式或that从句。
例：She looked up for a moment, then continued drawing. 她抬头看了一下，然后继续画画。
6. I did not know what to say either. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.我也不知道说什么。
我尽量空出一只手并且最终设法弄断了绳子。
1) either是副词，用于否定句中作“也”解释，通常置于句末。
Either还可以用来强调否定含义的短语。
例：I don’t like the red shirt and I don’t like the green either. 我不喜欢这件红色衬衫我也不喜欢这件绿色的。
As for me, I shall not return there either. 如果是我，我也不会回到那儿去。
拓展：either用作代词，意为“（两者之中）任一、任何一个”，在句中作主语时谓语动词用单数，用作定语时，只能修饰单数名词。
例：Either of the books is popular with the students. 两本书中任何一本都受到学生的欢迎。
2) manage意为“设法完成，管理”，名词为management例：How did you manage to get their approval? 你怎样得到他们同意的？Under strict management, his business gained ground. 在严格的管理下, 他的生意有了起色.Grammar1. 疑问词+不定式（to do）疑问词有疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose和疑问副词when, where, how, why。
此外，连接词whether也适用。
“疑问词+不定式”结构有下列五种功能：⑴当主语，如：When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. 何时开会还没有定下来。
Where to live is a problem. 住哪里是个问题。
⑵当宾语，如：We must know what to say at a meeting. 我们必须知道在会上说些什么。
He could not tell whom to trust. 他无法分辨该信任谁。
⑶当表语，如：The problem is where to find the financial aid. 问题是到哪找到财政援助。
⑷当名词同位语，如：Tom had no idea which book to read first. 汤姆不知道先读哪本书。
⑸当宾语补足语，如：Jim is not sure whose to choose. 吉姆不确定选择谁的。
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand等。
有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：I could not decide which dictionary to buy.= I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.我不能决定买哪本字典。
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher.=Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。
有些动词，如ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词”结构。