北京理工大学2016年考研616 基础英语考试大纲解析

合集下载

翻译如何备考？2016考研英语一大纲完全解读!

翻译如何备考？2016考研英语一大纲完全解读！
2016考研英语大纲如期面世了，文都教研老师将新旧大纲进行了对比，可以确定的说2016考研英语大纲要求与去年相比没有任何变化，所以考生们可以安心复习了。

针对今年的考研英语的翻译部分，文都教研老师想通过对翻译大纲要求的解读，来给大家说一下翻译的备考。

大纲对翻译的要求是“译文准确、完整、通顺”，“准确、完整”就是要“忠实”原文，把原文的内容完整而准确地表达出来，不能任意的增加或删减内容。

"通顺"，指的是译文的语言要逻辑通顺，符合汉语的语言习惯，不能有明显的"翻译腔"。

所以在接下来的复习备考当中，考生依然要做到在准确理解的基础上，按照语法结构拆分句子，分析成分，调整语序。

核心考点还是定语成分、状语成分，插入语、特殊结构等考查。

不必作任何复习计划上的调整。

在强化突破阶段，考生应该更加注重对翻译难点的突破。

有些长难句往往由于句子结构比较复杂、句子和句子之间的逻辑关系比较晦涩难懂，导致考生存在理解障碍，甚至理解错误，从而无法顺畅的翻出通顺的译文。

所以训练自身对于长难句句子结构的分析和解读能力是我们提高翻译分数的唯一途径。

建议2016考研的考生在接下来的复习中，还是务必要以真题的学习为准。

对已考
察过的文章话题、相关词汇及知识点有一个清楚的把握。

大纲的发布已经给大家吃了一颗定心丸，考研是一场持久战，坚持到底就是胜利！文都网校与你同在！。

北理工考研大纲

北理工考研大纲（原创版）目录一、北理工考研大纲概述二、北理工考研大纲内容详解1.临床医学综合能力（中医）2.电路3.管理类联考综合能力4.普通物理5.德语（二外）三、北理工考研大纲的实用性四、北理工考研大纲的获取途径正文一、北理工考研大纲概述华北理工大学，简称“北理工”，位于中国北京市，是一所以工为主，工学、理学、管理学、文学、经济学、法学、艺术学等多学科协调发展的全国重点大学。

对于准备报考北理工的研究生们来说，了解并掌握北理工的考研大纲是十分重要的。

本文将对北理工考研大纲进行详细的介绍，帮助大家更好地进行考研复习。

二、北理工考研大纲内容详解1.临床医学综合能力（中医）北理工的临床医学综合能力（中医）考研大纲主要包括：中医基础理论、中医诊断学、中药学、方剂学、中医内科学、中医外科学、中医妇科学、中医儿科学、针灸学等。

2.电路电路考研大纲主要涉及：电路的基本概念、基本定律、分析方法、电路元件、电路拓扑结构、直流电路、交流电路、模拟电路、数字电路等内容。

3.管理类联考综合能力管理类联考综合能力考研大纲主要包括：数学基础、逻辑推理、数据分析、写作等四个部分。

4.普通物理普通物理考研大纲主要包括：力学、热学、电磁学、光学、原子物理、核物理等内容。

5.德语（二外）德语（二外）考研大纲主要涉及：德语语法、词汇、阅读理解、写作、翻译等部分。

三、北理工考研大纲的实用性北理工考研大纲具有很高的实用性，它可以帮助考生明确复习重点，为考生提供清晰的复习方向。

通过研究考研大纲，考生可以更好地理解考试要求，从而进行有针对性的复习。

四、北理工考研大纲的获取途径考生可以通过以下途径获取北理工考研大纲：1.北理工研究生招生办公室：考生可以前往北理工研究生招生办公室查询考研大纲，或者通过电话、邮件等方式向招生办公室咨询。

2.北理工研究生院官网：考生可以登录北理工研究生院官网查询考研大纲相关信息。

3.考研辅导机构：部分考研辅导机构会提供考研大纲，考生可以通过参加辅导课程或购买辅导资料等方式获取。

616(基础英语)考试大纲

616(基础英语)考试大纲
一、考试的总体要求
研究生入学考试科目《基础英语》旨在检查学生英语语言的综合运用能力、语言文化知识的了解、对不同文体和修辞手段的认识、对英汉互译技巧的理解和写作能力。

具体要求如下：
1.考生具备词汇和语法的运用能力，对所学词汇和词组的多种词性及词义搭配，易混词的区别及难词的认知能力；
2.考生能够运用语法、修辞、结构等语言知识识别短文内的错误并提出改正的方法；
3.考生具有语篇层次上的综合理解能力，猎取信息的能力，概括与推理判断的能力，快速阅读及语言的实际运用能力；
4.考生能够运用恰当的翻译方法和技巧翻译我国报刊杂志上的论述文和国情介绍，以及一般文学作品的节选；
5.考生能够运用恰当的翻译方法和技巧翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述以及文学原著的节选；
6.考生能够依照所给阅读材料和要求分析修辞手法和文体知识，以检测差不多的写作能力以及对语言修辞和文体知识的掌握程度。

二、试卷结构与题型
1.词汇与语法〔15%〕
2.改错〔15%〕
3.阅读理解〔30%〕
4.翻译〔20%〕
5.修辞手法/文体知识分析〔20%〕
分值仅供参考，以考试实际分值为准
【三】考试形式及时间
《基础英语》考试的形式为笔试，考试时间3小时。

北京理工大学616基础英语考试大纲

本资料由理硕教育整理，理硕教育是全国唯一专注于北理工考研辅导的学校，相对于其它机构理硕教育有得天独厚的优势。

丰富的理工内部资料资源与人力资源确保每个学员都受益匪浅，确保理硕教育的学员初试通过率89%以上，复试通过率接近100%，理硕教育现开设初试专业课VIP一对一，初试专业课网络小班，假期集训营，复试VIP一对一辅导，复试网络小班，考前专业课网络小班，满足学员不同的需求。

因为专一所以专业，理硕教育助您圆北理之梦。

详情请查阅理硕教育官网616 基础英语一、考试内容1. 考查学生的英语语言综合应用能力，用英语获取知识和信息的能力，对重要信息加以提炼、归纳和表述的能力以及对文章深层含义的理解能力。

2.考查学生英语语言知识的丰富性，对英语各层面的语言特征、文体特征及修辞特征的识别和鉴赏能力。

3. 考查学生的批判性思维能力以及准确表达思想的能力。

二、题型1. 阅读（50分）阅读英文原版期刊文章，题材多属于当今受过高等教育的人群所关心或关注的问题，涉及人文、社科、经济、科技等各个领域。

内容有一定的深度。

体裁主要有论述、评论、报道等。

读完后回答问题，问题涉及文章的主旨、论点、语篇结构、写作技巧和修辞手段等。

要求考生熟练运用各种不同阅读技巧理解文章，获取信息，并用完整、准确的英语句子回答问题，切忌照抄原文句子。

2. 词汇（30分）阅读英文原版文章，选词填空，或用同义词替换或解释原文中的词语，替换的词语能使原文句子结构正确，意义不变，文体恰当。

以上两种题型总阅读量为3000英语词左右。

3. 写作（40分）阅读英文原版文章，针对阅读文章中的事实、现象发表评论；或者针对文章中提出的问题阐述自己的观点，提出解决方法或建议；或者对文章中涉及到的人物加以评价。

要求文章思想内容丰富，论点或要点突出，逻辑性强，结构严谨，语言准确、得体。

切忌照抄原文中的句子或内容。

4. 英译汉（30分）将一段约200英语词的短文译成汉语。

译文忠实原文，语言通顺，符合目的语表达方法和习惯。

2016考研英语一大纲深度解读!不可错过!

2016考研英语一大纲深度解读！不可错过！2016年考研英语一大纲已经出来了，我们就大纲内容进行了分析。

首先，此次大纲要求与以往没有出现太大变动，对于词汇量要求、各题型要求、作文评分标准等都与去年没有太大差异。

下面我们分别针对词汇和各题型要求进行分析。

首先是大纲词汇要求，词汇量仍然要求为5500个，考试文章中会出现小部分超纲词汇。

这就要求考生在最后3个月左右时间，仍然需要掌握词汇书上的大部分单词，尤其注意两方面单词，一是以前从未接触过的生词；二是以前学过，但是考研会出现一些不同意思的词，也就是熟词生义词，如以前学过的mean，在2008年完型填空中却考的是mean value（平均值），mean出现了“平均的”这样我们没见过的意思，所以在积累大纲词汇的时候需要多注意这类熟词生义词。

其次，我们来看看各题型要求。

首先，第一部分仍然是完型填空，要求在一篇240-280词左右的文章中，把20个空填完整，每个空备选四个选项的单词，每个空0.5分，共10分。

而在历年真题当中，文章长度往往超过大纲要求，达到300-350词左右。

第二部分阅读，Part A仍然是四篇仔细阅读，每篇文章设置五个题目，共20道题，每题2分，满分40分。

其中，细节题比重为40%左右；推理题30%左右；主旨大意题5-10%，一般出现1-2题；语义、词义题一般占5%，即出现一题；还有5-10%的观点态度题；此外还可能出现一些篇章结构题。

总体上各题型的出现比重不会有太大变化，当然总体答案分布规律也不会太奇怪，一般20题阅读题，ABCD正确各5个。

Part B新题型有5道题，每题2分，共10分。

该题型自2005年首次出现以来一直都比较稳定，自2006年起固定有3种备选题型。

第一是7选5，即一篇500-600词左右的文章中，挖出5段或5句话，以41-45题号标出，文章后给出A-G共7个备选项，要求考生把正确序号填到对应的题号中，其中两个选项多余；这个题型历史11次新题型考过8次，占绝对主导地位，故考生在复习时应该多注意这部分题型，尤其注意真题的考查规律。

2016年北京理工大学考研专业目录及考试科目

资料由易研教育独家整理，更多资料请到：下载
04 叶轮机械与流体动力学
05 多相复杂流动及应用
06 传热传质与太阳能利用 ①101 思想政治理论 ②201 英语一 ③301 数学一 ④881 电工与电子技术 ①101 思想政治理论 ②201 英语一或 202 俄语或 203 日语 ③301 数学一 ④848 理论力学或 843 控制工程基础 ①101 思想政治理论 ②204 英语二 ③301 数学一 ④848 理论力学或 844 机械制造工程基础 ①101 思想政治理论 ②204 英语二 ③301 数学一 ④848 理论力学或 815 工程热力学（不含传热学）
笔试科目:机械制造基础综合或机电控制基础综合。说明: 械制造基础综合包括:机械制造装备技术、数控技术、 CAD/CAM;机电控制基础综合包括:测试技术、数控技术。面试内容:外语口语听力测试；个人学习、研究简况，个人素质能力、基础知识考查。
080700 动力工程及工程热物理 01 动力机械系统工程与控制理论 54 02 内燃机燃烧、排放与环境效应 03 动力机械结构强度与振动噪声
06 生物力学
082500 航空宇航科学与技术 ①101 思想政治理论 ②201 英语一 ③301 数学一 ④843 控制工程基础或 848 理论力学或 821 电子技术基础
01 飞行器总体设计
02 飞行动力学与控制
77
03 航天器系统与自主技术 04 宇航推进技术
笔试科目:01:飞行器概论,飞行力学,空气动力学,结构力学 (任选 2 门),02:飞行器概论,电子技术基础,控制技术,机械设计基础,微机原理应用,03:控制工程基础,理论力学,航天工程概论,航天器轨道动力学,航天器姿态动力学,英语阅读能力,04:任选两门学过的基础课。面试内容:外语口语听力测试；阅读相关专业外文文献并复述内容，能根据内容回答问题；综合面试。备注：方向 01、03 限选 843 控制工程基础或 848 理论力学。方向 01：28 人；方向 02：24 人；方向 03：12 人；方向 04：13 人。

带你从2016考研英语大纲看新题型解题秘籍

带你从2016考研英语大纲看新题型解题秘籍大家期待已久的2016年考研英语大纲终于在2015年9月18号揭开了神秘的面纱，许多考生非常关注16考研英语大纲的变化以及各个题型的应对策略。

下面老师就结合考纲为各位考生分析一下2016年考研英语一新题型的解题秘诀。

从大纲要求上来看，尽管考研大纲经过了几次调整变化，但考研英语新题型的考查方式变化不大，每次考试从这3种备选题型中（排序题，七选五，信息匹配题）选择一种进行考查，今年也不例外。

其基本要求主要还是考查考生对英语语篇的总体把握能力，需要同学们熟练把握诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构。

考生应掌握并运用一定的语篇衔接手段，从整体上把握文章逻辑发展及信息结构，熟悉语篇篇章结构，以从容应对这一题目。

那么连贯性、一致性以及文章结构的具体含义是什么呢？通过什么样的方法才能准确把握文章的一致性、连贯性及其结构并能灵活运用在新题型的各种备选题型中运用呢？一、一致性原则所谓的一致性是指段落和篇章围绕一个中心进行，常见的表现手段就是主题词的同词复现或者是同义复现。

这个原则可以帮助考生明确文章中心，还可以帮助考生初步确定答案，将围绕同一中心展开的选项放在一起。

二、连贯性原则连贯性原则是指在一个完整的篇章中，句与句之间和段与段之间的有效衔接，通过多种表达手段来实现，包括代词的指代，专有名词的复现，数字、时间、年代等词语，语义联系等等。

比如，出现了his，their，说明上文必定有与之相呼应的人物词汇。

三、篇章结构考研英语文章常见的篇章结构主要有以下四种，包括：1、问题解决型：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题2、观点论证型：提出论点——列举论据——得出结论3、立论/驳论型：提出观点——表示赞同——论证观点提出观点——发表异议——驳斥观点——建立观点——论证观点4、现象分析型：结果/现象——原因/成因在这四种结构中，最常考查到的是问题解决型。

针对新题型考查要点，诸位考生需要对上述三大原则精准把握，它们是新题型的考点也是解决新题型的关键点，对解决所有新题型的备考题型是全部适用的！考研英语新题型解题技巧性特别强，注重考查考生应用技巧的能力，如果每一个段落找准了特征词，即线索关联词之后，那么即使读不懂原文，考生也能够快速准确地锁定答案。

2016考研英语二大纲解析

2016考研英语二大纲解析I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II .考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法；(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法；(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法；(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法；(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义；(2)理解文中的具体信息；(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系；(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义；(5)进行一定的判断和推理；(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。

考生应将英语知识运用和阅读理解部分的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，将英译汉和写作部分的答案书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

2016年考研英语大纲翻译部分深度解析

2016年考研英语大纲翻译部分深度解析纵观往年英语(一)考研翻译试题，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较难和复杂的句子结构和文章的考查是加大比重了。

这个体现在我们各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。

这个也反映出我们的命题者在考虑到各位同学在进入研究生学习之后需要接触大量的专业英语材料，这些材料的特点就是语言结构比较复杂，所以在考研当中考查考生对复杂语言结构和复杂长难句的理解能力就成为了最近几年考试非常明显的特点和趋势。

接下来，跨考教育英语教研室王坤老师就为考生深度解析考研英语的翻译部分。

考研翻译部分的总体要求是“译文准确、完整、通顺”，这与翻译的一般标准“忠实而通顺”是基本一致的。

“准确、完整”就是要“忠实”于原文，把原文的内容完整而准确地表达出来，不能对原文做任意的增加或删减。

“通顺”，指的是译文的语言要逻辑通顺，符合汉语的语言文字规范，没有明显的“翻译腔”根据2016年大纲，2016年的翻译部分没有明显变化，依旧考查在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子，准确、通顺翻译汉语的能力。

翻译考点不变，主要考点还是包含对定语从句、状语从句等翻译的考查。

考生只需按照自己原有的复习计划进行就可以，考英语(一)的考生不必为翻译作任何复习计划的调整。

从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。

除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

”这种具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。

2016考研英语大纲变化及复习指导

2015年9月18日，2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲终于出炉。

通过与《2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》对比，发现无论是英语(一)还是英语(二)，2016年考研英语大纲传统阅读部分内容均没有实质性变化。

考生可以按照原有的复习思路进行系统、深度地复习，这体现了英语试题趋于稳定性的规律。

英语(一)大纲要求“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%)，还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献、技术说明和产品介绍等”。

可见，英语(一)在考试时会出现超纲单词，这无形中又给考生增加了难度，而英语二大纲要求“考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料，题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等”。

英语二不仅明确告诉了考生文章的题材和体裁，而且只字未提超纲词，这就使得考生备考能够有的放矢，知道从哪些题材的文章去多做积累和准备，同时也不必过于担心超纲词的问题。

而且，英语(一)对考生阅读能力的要求也有八条，尤其是“理解文中的概念性含义”、“进行有关的判断、推理和引申”以及“区分论点和论据”这三条要特别引起重视，这是英语(一)与英语(二)在阅读上要求的区别，从中我们可以看出英语(一)要深入考查的重点，即除了注重文章的主旨、文中具体信息、理解作者的意图、观点和态度等，还要会对所读的内容进行判断推理，引申，能区分论点和论据。

提高阅读理解能力，在整个备考过程中都非常重要。

首先要掌握大纲词汇，最好将词语放到文章句子中理解，掌握多种词义。

阅读理解部分对词汇量要求较高，但这些单词并不要求考生全会拼写，只要认识即可，因此考生在日常复习中应尽可能多的掌握一些能识别的词汇其次要提高解读长句、难句的能力。

要能分析把握句子成分之间的结构和逻辑关系，利用上下文提供的线索把握词语的确切含义，再就是要掌握正确的阅读方法和有效的阅读技能，并总结解题方法和解题思路。

2016 英语考研

2016_英语考研2016_英语考研你知道怎么复习吗?尚考教育老师针对2016考研给出2016年考研英语大纲、2016年考研英语词汇、2016年考研英语题型、2016年考研英语单词、2016考研英语大纲词汇、2016考研英语、2016考研英语复习资料帮助考生备考考研英语。

一、2016年考研英语大纲由于英语大纲每年的改动都不是太大，所以，现阶段可以参看去年的英语大纲，了解考研英语的考查方式、内容、题型等，待到新大纲出来后，再进行对照，查缺补漏。

二、2016年考研英语词汇1、重视音形义近辨析。

考研英语词汇中有很多音形义相近的情况，如果不仔细辨析，往往会造成混淆。

如：respectable a.值得尊敬的，有好名声的;respectful a.尊敬他人的，恭敬的;respective a.单个的，分别的，就是一级音形义近词。

再如，precedent和president这两个单词发音相似，但意思差别很大，前者为“先例、前例”，后者为“总统、总经理、校长”等。

在考研汇复习中，一味孤立地背记某个词的词义是远远不够的，只有经常进行音、形、义近词辨析的工作，才能更准确更牢固地掌握每个词的意思。

2、重视熟词僻意。

大家都知道考研大纲中的词汇量要求是5500，但这5500词汇量是怎么构成的呢?它其中的一部分其实就是我们之前在初高中学过的词汇，外加四六级的词汇，以及大纲核心词汇。

而就这些初高中学过的词汇，很多考生觉得非常简单，非常熟悉，往往以忽略的心情看待他们。

其实不然，这种做法是非常有害的。

考研英语作为一种较高水平考试，它要求的是全面了解每个词的词义和用法，这就是熟词生义。

因此，我们应该转变以前背单词的思想，不能只知其一，不知其二，否则尽管背了很多词，但做题来仍然处处被动，尤其是做阅读理解的时候，很多词往往不是我们最常用的那些意思，如果以常规意思来理解，往往会读得不知所云。

熟词生义指那些我们以前学习过的熟词，这类词的某些词义我们已经掌握，但在考研词汇大纲中，它们又有一些新的意义，如school，“学派”，tip，“小费、提示”等。

阅读如何备考？2016考研英语二大纲完全解析!

阅读如何备考？2016考研英语二大纲完全解析！2015年9月18日，2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲终于出炉。

考生可以按照原有的复习思路进行系统、深度地复习，这体现了英语试题趋于稳定性的规律。

英语二考研大纲阅读模块中，“根据阅读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义”。

这就考生能够通读全文，理解文章大意。

对于这类题型，我们文都网校名师在课堂教学中称之为“主题题”。

它往往出现在每篇文章的最后一题。

它的表现形式往往如下所示：What is the main idea/subject of this passage?This passage is mainly/primarily concerned with__The main theme/point of the passage is_____Which of the following is the best title for the passage?Which of the following best describes that passage as a whole?In this passage the author mainly argues that__What does that author intend to convey through the passage?The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that_______.对于“主题题”，小编告诉你们一个诀窍，那就是找“高频词”或者“高频句”。

只要选项中的重点词在原文中出现多次，那它很可能就是答案。

不多说了，真题为例。

【2013年考研英语阅读真题】Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,”the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep theman away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about6 million in total-disappeared.”There will always be change-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A. Technology Goes Cheap.B. New Law Takes Effect.C. Recession Is Bad.D. Average Is Over.从文中，我们不难找出，选项A中的关键词Technology出现一次（黑体字）；选项B中的关键词New Law和Effect没有出现；选项C中的关键词Recession 出现一次（斜体字）；而选项D中的关键词Average Is Over出现两次（黑体加下划线），并且还是原句出现。

2016年考研英语一真题与答案解析完整版

2016 年考研英语一真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not onlyhis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young mancan 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, orthe young man ’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.5 a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride ’s and groom ’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with thewife ’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with somedisapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, andjointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a genderprejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn ’t have a waiting period before he canremarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of [B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2. [A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3. [A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4. [A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5. [A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6. [A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7. [A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8. [A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9. [A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10. [A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17. [A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed18. [A]withdrawn [B]invested [C]donated [D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20. [A]so that [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry haslost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminaryapproval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also a gre ed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness ”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined bylooks that end up impinging on health. That ’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems togo beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death —as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenagegirls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not letothers be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that stillregards beauty as skin-deep —and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that doesnot meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six monthsin prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment andidealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to setvoluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure forenforcement.In contrast to France ’s actions, Denmark ’s fashion industry a gre ed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised DanishFashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. ”The charter ’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen FashionWeek, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shamemethod of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.22.The phrase “impinging on ”(Line 2,Para 2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models ’character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A] The Gre at Threats to the Fashion Industry.[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry ’s Body Ideals.Text 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside ”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever. ”It was specifically to provide city dwellerswith spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air. ”Hill ’s pressure later ledto the creation of national parks and gre en belts. They don ’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. TheConservatives ’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off-plan ”building where local people might object. The concept ofsustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinuelocal planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using greenland. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Consecutive parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities andtowns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identifiedenough sites for half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion on gre en bet. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows ”is pure lobby talk. The issue is notthe need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, GeorgeOsborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-townshopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns andvillages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edgesand respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe ’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviablerural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of thealternative —the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this ratherthan promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain ’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] didn ’t start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now be[A] gradually destroyed.[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.[D] properly protected.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan ”building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29.The author holds that George Osborne ’s preference[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity f easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of\[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today ’s Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses, ”Wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profit ”. But even if you accept Firedman ’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as waste of shareholders ’money, things may not be absolutelyclear-cut. New research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least whenthey are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year onCSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses inthree ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal ”that a company ’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company ’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect, ”whereby its good deeds earn it gre ater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects bec ause consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutionsunder America ’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do notconsume a company ’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only bythe halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSRprogrammes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that itwas firms ’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on itsmerits, they do seem to be influenced by a company ’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporategiving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials, ”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman ’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D] approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33. The expression “more lenient ”(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] more effective[B] less controversial[C] less severe[D] more lasting34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company ’s CSR record[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies ’spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies ’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future ，”the paper ’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ，there ’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks —isn ’t just expensive; it ’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don ’t have the same setof financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad salesstill dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be amistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times should ’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they goabout doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sensefor them, ”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you ’re going to have your most loyal customersreally upset with you. ”Sometimes that ’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflixdiscontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder, ”he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn ’t pick a year to end print, ”he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacyproduct. ”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they ’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you ’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping, ”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue. ”In other words, if you ’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be whatthe Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year—more than twice as mush as a digital-only subscription.“It ’s a really hard thing to do and it ’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn ’t have a legacy business, ”Peretti remarked. “But we ’r e going to have questions like that where we have thingswe ’re doing that don ’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it ’s better to be more ag gre ssive than less aggressive. ”36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A] the high cost of operation.[B] the pressure from its investors.[C] the complaints from its readers.[D] the increasing online ad sales.37. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should[A] seek new sources of readership.[B] end the print edition for good.[C] aim for efficient management.[D] make strategic adjustments.38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product ”[A] helps restore the glory of former times.[B] is meant for the most loyal customers.[C] will have the cost of printing reduced.[D] expands the popularity of the paper.39.Peretti believes that, in a changing world.[A] legacy businesses are bec oming outdated.[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C] ag gre ssiveness better meets challenges.[D] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B] Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand[C] Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D] Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Have confidence in yourself[C] Decide if the time is right[D] Understood the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has animpact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and like ability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased on the way you look.The difference between today ’s workplace and the “dress for success ”era is that the range of options is so much broader, Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakersor dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present ismagnified by social-media services like decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradoxof being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It canbe confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what ’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I ’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions--when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing workenvironments. If you ’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be agood time. If you ’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues, and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there ’s no need for an upgrade and that ’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you ’re hoping to have . Are you looking to refresh your image or pivotit?For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professionalimage. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo. ”(It ’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What convey status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the peopleyou respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personalstylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It ’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn ’t to bec ome more vain or to spend more time fussing over whatto wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue . Pick a standard work uniformor a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, onearticle of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46)We don ’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is builtinto us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.Mentalhealth can ’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which understress or through lack of nutrition of exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. Whenwe don ’t understand the value of mental health and we don ’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us, (47)Our mental health doesn ’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of beingrestored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things willwork out. It ’s a from of innate or unlearned optimism. (48)Mental health allows us to view otherswith sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness of they are in pain, and withunconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solvingproblems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, orcoming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patiencefor ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on ourcar, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, inculture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will seethat it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available evenin the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend fromfoe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or theinner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50)As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解（完整版）Section I Use of English1、【答案】 B as well as【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容可以判断，"择偶涉及男方的亲朋好友，_____ 女方的亲朋好友"显然前后是并列关系，选项中只有 B 选项as well as 表示并列关系。

2016考研英语新大纲附录2

2016考研英语大纲附录2常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及常见缩写词）一、常用的前缀和后缀aero- concerning the air or aircraftplane- aeroplanespace-aerospaceanti- against; opposite ofnuclear- antinuclearmatter-antimatterwar -antiwarauto- of or by oneselfbiography-autobiographycriticism- autocriticismbe- to treat as the stated thingfriend-befriendlittle-belittlebi- two; twice; doublelingual-bilingualcycle-bicyclebio- concerning living thingschemistry-biochemistrysphere-biosphereby-, bye- less importantproduct-by-productway-bywaycenti- hundredth part of a unitgrade-centigrademeter-centimeterco- together, withauthor-coauthorexist-coexistcol- (used before l) together, withlocation-collocationcom- ( used before b, m , p) together, withpassion-compassioncon- together, withcentric-concentricfederation-confederationcontra- oppositediction-contradictionnatural-contranaturalcor- (used before r) together, withrelate-correlaterespond- correspondcounter- oppositeact-counteractattack-counterattackcross- across; going between the stated things and joining them country-cross-countrybreed-crossbreedde- showing an opposite; to remove; to reducecode-decodevalue-devaluedis- not; the opposite ofadvantage-disadvantageagree-disagreehonest-dishonestem- (used before b, m, p) to cause to becomebody-embodypower- empoweren- to cause to become; to makedanger- endangerlarge- enlargeex- former( and still living)minister-ex-ministerwife-ex-wifeextra- outside; beyondcurricular- extracurricularordinary-extraordinaryfore- in advance, before ; in or at the frontarm-forearmwarn-forewarnil- (used before l) notlegal-illegalliterate-illiterateim- (used before b, m, p) notmoral-immoralpossible-impossiblein- notdirect-indirectsensitive-insensitiveinfra- below in a range; beyondred-infraredstructure-infrastructureinter- between; amongchange-interchangenational-internationalintra- inside, within; intocity-intracitydepartment-intra-departmentir- (used before r) notregular-irregularresponsible-irresponsiblekilo- thousandgram-kilogrammeter-kilometermacro- large, esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts ofeconomics-macroeconomicsstructure-macrostructuremal- bad or badlyfunction-malfunctiontreat-maltreatmicro- extremely smallcomputer-microcomputer electronics-microelectronicsmid- middleday-middaynight-midnightmini- small; shortbus-minibusskirt-miniskirtmis- bad or badly; wrong or wrongly fortune- misfortuneunderstand-misunderstandmono- one; singleplane-monoplanetone-monotonemulti- more than one; many purpose-multipurposenational-multinationalnon- notresident-non (-) residentsense-nonsenseout- outside; beyondlive-outlivedoor-outdoorover- too much; above; additional head-overheadtime-overtimepoly- manycentric-polycentricsyllabic-polysyllabicpost- later than; aftergraduate-postgraduatewar-postwarpre- before ; in advancepay-prepaywar-prewarpro- in favor of, supportingAmerica-pro-Americaabortion-pro-abortionpseudo- not real; falsename-pseudonymscience-pseudosciencere- again; back to the former stateunite-reuniteuse-reuseself- by means of oneself or itself; of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself employed-self-employedtaught-self-taughtsemi- half; partlycircle- semicirclefinal-semifinalstep- not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother-stepmotherchildren-stepchildrensub- under, below; less important; part of the stated bigger whole divide-subdividesection-subsectionsuper- more , larger, greater than usualmarket-supermarketnatural-supernaturaltele- at or over a long distance; by or for television communication-telecommunicationscreen-telescreentherm ( o) - concerning heatchemistry-thermochemistrymeter-thermometertrans- across, on or to the other side of; between Atlantic-transatlanticplant-transplanttri- three; three timesangular-triangularcycle-tricycleultra- beyond; very, extremelymodern- ultramodernsound-ultrasoundcertain-uncertainfortunate-unfortunateunder- too little ; belowdevelop-underdevelopsea-underseauni- one; singleform-uniformdirectional-unidirectionalvice- next in the rank; belowchairman-vice -chairmanpresident-vice-president2．常用后缀(1)名词后缀-ability, -ibilityable-abilityflexible-flexibility-agepost-postage-alshort-shortagearrive-arrivalrefuse-refusal-an, -ian, -arianlibrary-librarianmusic-musician-ance, -enceappear-appearancerefer-reference-ancy, -encyemerge-emergency expect-expectancy-ant, -entapply-applicant correspond-correspondent -cyaccurate-accuracy private-privacy-domking-kingdomfree-freedom-eeemploy-employee interview-interviewee-er, -or, -arpaint-painterbeg-beggar-erybrave-braveryslave-slavery-eseChina-ChineseJapan-Japanese-essactor- actresswaiter-waitress-fulhand-handfulspoon-spoonful-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood-icselectron-electronics linguist-linguistics-ion, -ition, -ation collect-collection observe-observation -ismMarx-Marxism socialist- socialism-istpsychiatry-psychiatrist violin-violinist-ity, -tycruel-crueltypure-purity-mentmove-movement retire-retirement-nessdark-darkness happy-happiness-ologyclimate-climatology future-futurology-shipfriend-friendship scholar-scholarship-sion, -ssion decide-decision expand-expansion grow-growthwide-width-ureclose-closureexpose-exposure(2)动词后缀-endeep-deepenfast-fasten-ifyclass-classifysimple-simplify-ize ,-isemodern-modernise/modernize popular- popularise/popularize (3)形容词后缀-able, -iblesuit- suitablequestion-questionable nature-naturalstructure- structural-an, -arian, -iansuburb-suburbanCanada-Canadian-ant, -entdiffer-differentplease-pleasant-ary, -oryadvise-advisorycustom-customary-ateconsider-consideratefortune-fortunate-engold-goldenwood-wooden-eseChina-ChineseJapan-Japanese-freecare-carefreeduty- duty-free-fulcare-carefulpain-painful-ic, -icalatom- atomic psychology-psychological -ishgirl-girlishchild-childish-ivecreate-creativesupport- supportive-lesshope-hopelesspain-painless-likechild-childlikelady-ladylike-lyman-manlymonth-monthly-ous, -iousdanger-dangerous poison-poisonous-sometire-tiresometrouble-troublesome-warddown-downwardup-upward-yguilt-guiltynoise-noisy(4)副词后缀-lyeasy-easilyheavy-heavily-ward, -wardseast-eastward ( s ) north-northward ( s ) -wiseclock-clockwise other-otherwise三、洲名名词AfricaAmericaAntarcticaAsiaAustraliaEuropeNorth AmericaOceaniaSouth AmericaAfricanAmericanAntarcticAsianAustralianEuropeanNorth AmericanOceanicSouth American四、常见缩写词AD,A.D Anno Domini = in the year of the Lord; since Christ was born) 公元A.M. ,a.m. ante meridiem (before noon) 上午，午前Apr. April四月Aug. August 八月Ave. avenue 林荫道，大街BA Bachelor of Arts 文科学士BC, B.C before Christ 公元前BS,BSc Bachelor of Science 理科学士℃ Centigrade 摄氏度cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CD compact disk 光盘，激光唱片cf. confer( =compare) 试比较；参看cm centimeter 厘米Co. company 公司c/o care of 由…转交cp. compare 比较Dec. December 十二月dept., Dept. department 部，司，局，系Dr, Dr. doctor 博士；医生e.g exempli gratia (=for example) 例如esp especially 尤其是et al et alii(= and others)，et alibi(and elsewhere) 以及其他等etc. et cetera( = and the rest) 等等F Fahrenheit 华氏的Feb February 二月Fri. Friday 星期五ft foot, feet 英尺g, gm, gm gram 克GMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林尼治时间hr, hr. hour 小时ID identification card 身份证i.e. id est( = that is) 那就是，即in . inch 英寸Inc . incorporated 股份有限的Jan. January 一月Jr. junior 小（用于姓名后）Jul. July 七月Jun. June 六月kg, kg. kilogram 千克，公斤km, km. kilometer 千米，公里l, l. liter 升lb , lb. libra (=pound) 磅Ltd. limited 有限的，股份有限的m, m. meter 米MA Master of Arts 文科硕士Mar. March 三月min. minute 分钟ml, ml. millimeter 毫升Mon. Monday 星期一Mr, Mr Mister …先生Mrs, Mrs Mistress …夫人，…太太Ms, Ms. Mrs or Miss …女士MS, MSc Master of Science 理科硕士Mt mount, mountain 峰，山No. number 号码Nov. November 十一月Oct. October 十月P page; parking 页；停车处par, para paragraph （文章的）段Ph.D., PhD Philosophiae Doctor 博士pl. plural 复数PM, P.M. post meridiem (= afternoon) 下午，午后PRC the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国Prof. professor 教授PS postscript 附言Rd., rd road 路Sat. Saturday 星期六sec. second 秒Sep. , Sept. September 九月Sing singular 单数sq. square 平方；广场st. street 街道sth. something 某物，某事Sun. Sunday 星期日t, t. ton 吨tel. telephone 电话Thurs Thursday 星期四Tues. Tuesday 星期二UK the United Kingdom （大不列颠及北爱尔兰）联合王国，英国UN the United Nations 联合国US, U.S the United States (of America) 美利坚合众国，美国usu. usually 通常v, vs versus …对…VIP very important person 重要人物，大人物vol. Volume 卷，册W,w watt 瓦特WC water closet 厕所Wed. ,Weds Wednesday 星期三。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语I.考试性质普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。

高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。

因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度，适当的难度和必要的区分度。

Ⅱ.考试内容和要求根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案（实验）》和《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》，确定本学科考试内容。

考核目标与要求—、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5)，要求词汇量为3 500左右1。

二、语言运用1.听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义(2)获取具体的、事实性信息(3)对所听内容做出推断(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度2.阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义1各省（自治区、直辖市）可以根据本地实际情况在《考试说明》中对词汇量进行适当调整，但不得低于3 000个单词；同时，应制订计划，在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3 500个单词。

(2)理解文中具体信息(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义(4)做出判断和推理(5)理解文章的基本结构(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度3.写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。

考生应能：(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思(2)有效运用所学语言知识4.口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。

考生应能：(1)询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法(2)做到语音、语调自然(3)做到语言运用得体(4)使用有效的交际策略附录1 语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1.名词（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格2.代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词3.数词（1）基数词（2）序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词（比较级和最高级）7.副词（比较级和最高级）8.冠词9.动词（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词（5）情态动词10.时态（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词（1）动词不定式（2）动词的-ing形式（3）动词的-ed形式13.构词法（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14.句子种类（1）陈述句（2）疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15.句子成分（1）主语（2）谓语（3）表语（4）宾语（5）定语（6）状语（7）补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句（4）主语从句（5）表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1.社会交往(Social Communications)（1）问候(Greetings)（2）介绍(Introduction)（3）告别（Farewells)（4）感谢（Thanks)（5）道歉（Apologies)（6）邀请(Invitation)（7）请求允许(Asking for permission)（8）祝愿和祝贺（Expressing wishes and congratulations) （9）提供帮助（Offering help)（10）接受和拒绝（Acceptance and refusal)（11）约会（Makingappointments )（12）打电话（Makingtelephone calls)（13）就餐（Havingmeals)（14）就医(Seeingthe doctor)（15）购物(Shopping)（16）问路(Askingthe way)（17）谈论天气(Talkingabout weather)（18）语言交际困难（Languagedifficulties in communication) （19）提醒注意（Reminding)（20）警告和禁止（Warningand prohibition)（21）劝告（Advice)（22）建议（Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)（23）同意和不同意（Agreement and disagreement)（24）喜欢和不喜欢（Likes and dislikes)（25）肯定和不肯定(Certaintyand uncertainty)（26）可能和不可能（Possibility and impossibility) （27）能够和不能够(Ability and inability )（28）偏爱和优先选择（Preference)（29）意愿和打算（Intentions and plans)（30）希望和愿望（Hopes and wishes)（31）表扬和鼓励（Praise and encouragement) （32）责备和抱怨（Blame and complaint)（33）冷淡(Indifference)（34）判断与评价（Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)（35）高兴(Happiness)（36）惊奇(Surprise)（37）忧虑(Worries)（38）安慰(Reassurance)（39）满意(Satisfaction)（40）遗憾(Regret)（41）同情(Sympathy)（42）恐惧(Fear)（43）愤怒(Anger)4.时间（Time)（44）时刻(Point of time)（45）时段(Duration)（46）频度(Frequency)（47）时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)（48）位置(Position)（49）方向（Direction)（50）距离（Distance)6.存在(Existence)（51）存在与不存在（Existenceand Non-existence) 7.特征（Features)（52）形状(Shape)（53）颜色(Colour)（54）材料(Material)（55）价格(Price)（56）规格(Size)（57）年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)（58）长度(Length)（59）宽度(Width)（60）高度(Height)（61）数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)（62）同级比较(Equalcomparison)（63）差别比较(Comparativeand superlative) （64）相似和差别(Similarityand difference)10.逻辑关系（Logicalrelations)（65）原因和结果(Causeand effect)（66）目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)（67）工作(Jobs)（68）单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表1.个人情况(Personalinformation)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人（Family，friendsand people around)3.周围的环境（Personal environments)4.日常活动（Dailyroutines)5.学校生活（Schoollife)6.兴趣与爱好（Interestsandhobbies)7.个人感情（Emotions)8.人际关系（Interpersonalrelationships)9.计划与愿望（Plansand intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Foodanddrink)13.健康（Health)14.天气（Weather)15.文娱与体育（Entertainmentand sports)16.旅游和交通(Traveland transport)17.语言学习(Languagelearning)18.自然（Nature)19.世界与环境（The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术（Popularscience and modern technology)21.热点话题（Topicalissues)22.历史与地理（Historyand geography)23.社会（Society)文学与艺术（Literatureand art)附录5词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prep abolish vabortion nabout ad & prep above prep, a & ad abroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & n absurd a abundant aabuse vacademic a & n academy n accelerate v accent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy naccurate aaccuse v accustomed aache v & n achieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt v adaptation nadd vaddicted a addition n address n adequate aadjustment n administration n admirable aadmire vadmission nadmit vadolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure nadvertise v advertisement n advice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffect vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & nafter ad, prep & conj afternoon nafterward(s) adagainst prep age nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive a ago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft n airline n airmail n airplane n airport n airspace n alarm n & v album nalcohol n alcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad, a & pron allergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am, A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous aambition nambulance n America n among prep amount n & v ample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a & pron answer n & vant nAntarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron & a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply v appoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation n approach n & v appropriate a approval n approve vapproximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose, arisen) v arithmetic narm n & varmchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad, conj & prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & n aside adask vasleep a aspect n assess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association n assume v assumption n astonish v astronaut n astronomer n astronomy n at prep athlete n athletic a Atlantic a atmosphere n atom nattach v attack v & n attain v attempt v & n attend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke, awoken) v & aaward naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aB baby nbachelor nback ad, a & nbackground nbackward(s) adbacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse, worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber nbarbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball nbasement nbasic abasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am, is, are, was, were, being, been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear 1nbear 2vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat, beaten) v & nbeautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became, become) vbed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeer nbefore prep, ad & conj beg vbegin(began, begun) v behalf nbehave vbehaviour(Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent, bent) v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & adbetray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography nbiology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace nbiscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit, bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard nblame n & vblank n & ablanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew, blown) v blue n & aboard n & vbody nboil vbomb n & v bond n & v bone nbonus nbook n & v boom n & v boot nbooth n border n bored a boring aborn a borrow v boss n botanical a botany nboth a & pron bother v bottle n bottom n bounce v bound a boundary n bow v & n bowl n bowling n box nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke, broken) v & nbreakfast nbreakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought, brought) vbroad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed, -ed) v brochure nbroken abrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built, built) vbuilding nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt, burnt或-ed, -ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness nbusinessman/woman(pl businessmen/women) n busy abut conj & prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought, bought) vby prepC cab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & vcampaign ncan 1(could);can’t=cannot modal vcan 2ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless acarpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast, cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught, caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk nceiling ncelebrate vcelebration ncell ncent ncentigrade acentimetre(Am centimeter) ncentral acentre(Am center) ncentury nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge nchallenging achampion nchance nchange n & vchangeable achannel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef nchemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose, chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian nChristmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate nclassroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk n clever aclick v climate n climb vclinic n clock nclone vclose a & ad cloth n clothes n clothing n cloud n cloudy aclub n clumsy a coach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa n coffee ncoin n coincidence n coke ncold a & n collar n colleague n collect vcollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came, come) v comedy ncomfort ncomfortable a command n & v comment ncommercial acommit vcommitment n committee ncommon a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion ncompany ncompare vcompass ncompensate vcompete vcompetence n competition n complete a & vcomponent n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus nconservation n conservative a consider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content 1n content 2a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience nconventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & vcorn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & v cosy(Am cozy) a cottage n cotton n & a cough n & v could modal v count v counter n country n countryside n couple n courage n course ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal ncriterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & vcrossing ncrossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurrency ncurriculum ncurtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut, cut) v & ncycle vcyclist nD dad=daddy ndaily a, ad & ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger ndangerous adare v & modal vdark a & ndarkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend vdegree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & ndeserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert ndestination ndestroy vdetective n determine vdevelop v development ndevote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary n die vdiet ndiffer v difference n different a difficult a difficulty n dig(dug, dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma ndirect a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement ndisappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing a dive vdiverse adivide v division n divorce vdizzy ado(did, done) vdoctor ndocument ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) ndot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & addownload n & vdownstairs addowntown ad, n & adozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew, drawn) vdrawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt, dreamt或-ed, -ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank, drunk) vdrive(drove, driven) vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk ndynamic adynasty nE each a & proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a, ad & nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate, eaten) v ecology nedge nedition neditor neducate v education n educator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a, conj & ad elder nelect velectric a electrical a electricity n electronic a elegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & v embarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor nemploy vempty aencourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy nenergetic a energy nengine nengineer nenjoy venjoyable a enlarge venough pron, a &ad enquiry nenter venterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment neraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent a except prep exchange n & v excite vexercise n & vexhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect vexpectation nexpense nexpensive aexperience nexperiment nexpert nexplain vexplanation nexplicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & vexpose vexpress v & nexpression nextension nextra aextraordinary aextreme aeye neyesight nFfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair 1afair 2nfaith nfall 1(fell, fallen) vfall 2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n, v & afantastic afantasy nfar(farther, farthest或further, furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) nfavourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed, fed) vfeel(felt, felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron & afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought, fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found, found) v。

2016考研英语考试大纲综述

2016考研英语（一）考试大纲综述教育部考试中心在2021年9月13日公布了《2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲》，与去年的考纲相较，今年的考纲未进行任何调整和转变。

此刻基于最新大纲和历年真题命题规律，对2021年考研英语的考查要求和试卷结构进行全面分析。

从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对辞汇的把握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能把握5500左右的辞汇和相关词组。

除把握辞汇的大体含义外，考生还应把握辞汇之间的词义关系，犹如义词、近义词、反义词等；把握辞汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；把握辞汇生成的大体知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。

”这种具体要求要紧体此刻对辞汇的微观把握和经历上：辞汇大体知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等辞汇搭配关系）；辞汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。

提出如此的具体要求，确实是提示考生幸免单词的死记硬背，要活学活用。

列位考生完全能够继续依照既定的温习思路备考，可是要专门注意英语作为一门语言，运用是考查的最终目的。

另外，提示广大考生，2021年考纲中新增的59个单词，在2021年的考试中已经有所表现，如2021年新题型所考查的一个学科领域archaeology确实是大纲新增辞汇，就应了咱们去年大纲解析中所强调的备考热点词。

因此这59个单词仍然是温习2021考研英语的重点。

就语言技术而言，与2021年大纲相较，2021年大纲仍然突出阅读和写作的重要性。

关于阅读，强调“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过所读材料总辞汇量的3%)”；关于写作，那么强调考生“应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公事信函、备忘录、报告等，和一样描述性、表达性、说明性或议论性的文章(实际确实是应用文和图画作文)”，同时明确了阅读和写作的考查能力要求。

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)理(精校解析)

本试卷共5页，150分．考试时长120分钟．考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．第一部分（选择题共40分）一、选择题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分．在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项．1.已知集合{|||2}A x x =<，{1,0,1,2,3}B =-，则A B =I （）A.{0,1}B.{0,1,2}C.{1,0,1}-D.{1,0,1,2}-【答案】C考点：集合交集.【名师点睛】1．首先要弄清构成集合的元素是什么(即元素的意义)，是数集还是点集，如集合 )}(|{x f y x =，)}(|{x f y y =，)}(|),{(x f y y x =三者是不同的．2．集合中的元素具有三性——确定性、互异性、无序性，特别是互异性，在判断集合中元素的个数时，以及在含参的集合运算中，常因忽视互异性，疏于检验而出错．3．数形结合常使集合间的运算更简捷、直观．对离散的数集间的运算或抽象集合间的运算，可借助Venn 图实施，对连续的数集间的运算，常利用数轴进行，对点集间的运算，则通过坐标平面内的图形求解，这在本质上是数形结合思想的体现和运用．4．空集是不含任何元素的集合，在未明确说明一个集合非空的情况下，要考虑集合为空集的可能．另外，不可忽视空集是任何元素的子集．2.若x ，y 满足2030x y x y x -≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥⎩，则2x y +的最大值为（）A.0B.3C.4D.5【答案】C考点：线性规划.【名师点睛】可行域是封闭区域时，可以将端点代入目标函数，求出最大值与最小值，从而得到相应范围.若线性规划的可行域不是封闭区域时，不能简单的运用代入顶点的方法求最优解.如变式2，需先准确地画出可行域，再将目标函数对应直线在可行域上移动，观察z 的大小变化，得到最优解.3.执行如图所示的程序框图，若输入的a 值为1，则输出的k 值为（）A.1B.2C.3D.4 开始输入ak =0,b =aa =b输出k 结束k =k +111a a =-+否是【答案】B试题分析：输入1=a ，则0=k ，1=b ；进入循环体，21-=a ，否，1=k ，2-=a ，否，2=k ，1=a ，此时1==b a ，输出k ，则2=k ，选B.考点：算法与程序框图【名师点睛】解决循环结构框图问题，要先找出控制循环的变量的初值、步长、终值(或控制循环的条件)，然后看循环体，循环次数比较少时，可依次列出，循环次数较多时，可先循环几次，找出规律，要特别注意最后输出的是什么，不要出现多一次或少一次循环的错误. 4.设a r ，b r 是向量，则“||||a b =r r ”是“||||a b a b +=-r r r r ”的（）A.充分而不必要条件B.必要而不充分条件C.充分必要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】D考点：1.充分必要条件；2.平面向量数量积.【名师点睛】由向量数量积的定义θcos ||||⋅⋅=⋅(θ为a ，b 的夹角)可知，数量积的值、模的乘积、夹角知二可求一，再考虑到数量积还可以用坐标表示，因此又可以借助坐标进行运算.当然，无论怎样变化，其本质都是对数量积定义的考查.求解夹角与模的题目在近年高考中出现的频率很高，应熟练掌握其解法.5.已知x ，y R ∈，且0x y >>，则（）A.110x y ->B.sin sin 0x y ->C.11()()022x y -<D.ln ln 0x y +> 【答案】C【解析】试题分析：A ：由0>>y x ，得y x 11<，即011<-yx ，A 不正确；B ：由0>>y x 及正弦函数sin y x =的单调性，可知0sin sin >-y x 不一定成立；C ：由1210<<，0>>y x ，得y x )21()21(<，故0)21()21(<-y x ，C 正确； D ：由0>>y x ，得0>xy ，不一定大于1，故0ln ln >+y x 不一定成立，故选C. 考点：函数性质【名师点睛】函数单调性的判断：(1)常用的方法有：定义法、导数法、图象法及复合函数法．(2)两个增(减)函数的和仍为增(减)函数；一个增(减)函数与一个减(增)函数的差是增(减)函数；(3)奇函数在关于原点对称的两个区间上有相同的单调性，偶函数在关于原点对称的两个区间上有相反的单调性.6.某三棱锥的三视图如图所示，则该三棱锥的体积为（）A.16B.13C.12D.1 【答案】A【解析】试题分析：分析三视图可知，该几何体为一三棱锥P ABC -，其体积111111326V =⋅⋅⋅⋅=，故选A.考点：1.三视图；2.空间几何体体积计算.【名师点睛】解决此类问题的关键是根据几何体的三视图判断几何体的结构特征.常见的有以下几类：①三视图为三个三角形，对应的几何体为三棱锥；②三视图为两个三角形，一个四边形，对应的几何体为四棱锥；③三视图为两个三角形，一个圆，对应的几何体为圆锥；④三视图为一个三角形，两个四边形，对应的几何体为三棱柱；⑤三视图为三个四边形，对应的几何体为四棱柱；⑥三视图为两个四边形，一个圆，对应的几何体为圆柱.7.将函数sin(2)3y x π=-图象上的点(,)4P t π向左平移s （0s >）个单位长度得到点'P ，若'P 位于函数sin 2y x =的图象上，则（）A.12t =，s 的最小值为6πB.32t = ，s 的最小值为6π C.12t =，s 的最小值为3π D.32t =，s 的最小值为3π 【答案】A考点：三角函数图象平移【名师点睛】三角函数的图象变换，有两种选择：一是先伸缩再平移，二是先平移再伸缩．特别注意平移变换时，当自变量x 的系数不为1时，要将系数先提出．翻折变换要注意翻折的方向；三角函数名不同的图象变换问题，应先将三角函数名统一，再进行变换8.袋中装有偶数个球，其中红球、黑球各占一半.甲、乙、丙是三个空盒.每次从袋中任意取出两个球，将其中一个球放入甲盒，如果这个球是红球，就将另一个球放入乙盒，否则就放入丙盒.重复上述过程，直到袋中所有球都被放入盒中，则（）A.乙盒中黑球不多于丙盒中黑球B.乙盒中红球与丙盒中黑球一样多C.乙盒中红球不多于丙盒中红球D.乙盒中黑球与丙盒中红球一样多【答案】C考点：概率统计分析.【名师点睛】本题将小球与概率知识结合，创新味十足，是能力立意的好题.如果所求事件对应的基本事件有多种可能，那么一般我们通过逐一列举计数，再求概率，此题即是如此.列举的关键是要有序(有规律)，从而确保不重不漏.另外注意对立事件概率公式的应用.第二部分（非选择题共110分）二、填空题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．9.设a R ∈，若复数(1)()i a i ++在复平面内对应的点位于实轴上，则a =_______________.【答案】1-.【解析】试题分析：(1)()1(1)1i a i a a i R a ++=-++∈⇒=-，故填：1-.考点：复数运算【名师点睛】复数代数形式的加减乘除运算的法则是进行复数运算的理论依据，加减运算类似于多项式的合并同类项，乘法法则类似于多项式乘法法则，除法运算则先将除式写成分式的形式，再将分母实数化10.在6(12)x -的展开式中，2x 的系数为__________________.（用数字作答）【答案】60.【解析】试题分析：根据二项展开的通项公式16(2)r r r r T C x +=-可知，2x 的系数为226(2)60C -=，故填：60.考点：二项式定理.【名师点睛】1.所谓二项展开式的特定项，是指展开式中的某一项，如第n 项、常数项、有理项、字母指数为某些特殊值的项.求解时，先准确写出通项r r n r n r b a C T -+=1，再把系数与字母分离出来(注意符号)，根据题目中所指定的字母的指数所具有的特征，列出方程或不等式来求解即可；2、求有理项时要注意运用整除的性质，同时应注意结合n 的范围分析.11.在极坐标系中，直线cos 3sin 10ρθρθ--=与圆2cos ρθ=交于A ，B 两点，则||AB =______.【答案】2考点：极坐标方程与直角方程的互相转化.【名师点睛】将极坐标或极坐标方程转化为直角坐标或直角坐标方程，直接利用公式 θρθρsin ,cos ==y x 即可．将直角坐标或直角坐标方程转化为极坐标或极坐标方程，要灵活运用x ＝θρθρsin ,cos ==y x 以及22y x +=ρ，)0(tan ≠=x xy θ，同时要掌握必要的技巧. 12.已知{}n a 为等差数列，n S 为其前n 项和，若16a =，350a a +=，则6=S _______..【答案】6【解析】试题分析：∵{}n a 是等差数列，∴35420a a a +==，40a =，4136a a d -==-，2d =-， ∴616156615(2)6S a d =+=⨯+⨯-=，故填：6．考点：等差数列基本性质.【名师点睛】在等差数列五个基本量1a ，d ，n ，n a ，n S 中，已知其中三个量，可以根据已知条件结合等差数列的通项公式、前n 项和公式列出关于基本量的方程(组)来求余下的两个量，计算时须注意整体代换及方程思想的应用.13.双曲线22221x y a b-=（0a >，0b >）的渐近线为正方形OABC 的边OA ，OC 所在的直线，点B 为该双曲线的焦点，若正方形OABC 的边长为2，则a =_______________.【答案】2考点：双曲线的性质【名师点睛】在双曲线的几何性质中，渐近线是其独特的一种性质，也是考查的重点内容.对渐近线：(1)掌握方程；(2)掌握其倾斜角、斜率的求法；(3)会利用渐近线方程求双曲线方程的待定系数.求双曲线方程的方法以及双曲线定义和双曲线标准方程的应用都和与椭圆有关的问题相类似.因此，双曲线与椭圆的标准方程可统一为122=+By Ax 的形式，当0>A ，0>B ，B A ≠时为椭圆，当0<AB 时为双曲线. 14.设函数33,()2,x x x a f x x x a⎧-≤=⎨->⎩.①若0a =，则()f x 的最大值为______________；②若()f x 无最大值，则实数a 的取值范围是________.【答案】2，(,1)-∞-.【解析】试题分析：如图作出函数3()3g x x x =-与直线2y x =-的图象，它们的交点是(1,2)A -，(0,0)O ，(1,2)B -，由2'()33g x x =-，知1x =是函数()g x 的极大值点，①当0a =时，33,0()2,0x x x f x x x ⎧-≤=⎨->⎩，因此()f x 的最大值是(1)2f -=；②由图象知当1a ≥-时，()f x 有最大值是(1)2f -=；只有当1a <-时，由332a a a -<-，因此()f x 无最大值，∴所求a 的范围是(,1)-∞-，故填：2，(,1)-∞-．考点：1.分段函数求最值；2.数形结合的数学思想.【名师点睛】1.分段函数的函数值时，应首先确定所给自变量的取值属于哪一个范围，然后选取相应的对应关系．若自变量值为较大的正整数，一般可考虑先求函数的周期．若给出函数值求自变量值，应根据每一段函数的解析式分别求解，但要注意检验所求自变量的值是否属于相应段自变量的范围；2.在研究函数的单调性时，常需要先将函数化简，转化为讨论一些熟知的函数的单调性，因此掌握一次函数、二次函数、幂函数、对数函数等的单调性，将大大缩短我们的判断过程．三、解答题（共6小题，共80分．解答应写出文字说明，演算步骤或证明过程）15.（本小题13分）在∆ABC 中，2222+=+a c b ac .（1）求B ∠ 的大小；学科&网（22cos cos A C + 的最大值.【答案】（1）4π；（2）1.考点：1.三角恒等变形；2.余弦定理.【名师点睛】正、余弦定理是应用极为广泛的两个定理，它将三角形的边和角有机地联系起来，从而使三角与几何产生联系，为求与三角形有关的量(如面积、外接圆、内切圆半径和面积等)提供了理论依据，也是判断三角形形状、证明三角形中有关等式的重要依据．其主要方法有：化角法，化边法，面积法，运用初等几何法．注意体会其中蕴涵的函数与方程思想、等价转化思想及分类讨论思想．16.（本小题13分）A、B、C三个班共有100名学生，为调查他们的体育锻炼情况，通过分层抽样获得了部分学生一周的锻炼时间，数据如下表（单位：小时）；A班 6 6.5 7 7.5 8B班 6 7 8 9 10 11 12C班 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12 13.5（1）试估计C班的学生人数；（2）从A班和C班抽出的学生中，各随机选取一人，A班选出的人记为甲，C班选出的人记为乙，假设所有学生的锻炼时间相对独立，求该周甲的锻炼时间比乙的锻炼时间长的概率；（3）再从A、B、C三个班中各随机抽取一名学生，他们该周的锻炼时间分别是7，9，8.25，表格中数据（单位：小时），这3个新数据与表格中的数据构成的新样本的平均数记1的平均数记为0μ ，试判断0μ和1μ的大小，（结论不要求证明）【答案】（1）40；（2）38；（3）10μμ<. 【解析】试题分析：（Ⅰ）根据图表判断C 班人数，由分层抽样的抽样比计算C 班的学生人数；（Ⅱ）根据题意列出“该周甲的锻炼时间比乙的锻炼时间长”的所有事件，由独立事件概率公式求概率.（Ⅲ）根据平均数公式进行判断即可.考点：1.分层抽样；2.独立事件的概率；3.平均数【名师点睛】求复杂的互斥事件的概率的方法：一是直接法，将所求事件的概率分解为一些彼此互斥事件概率的和，运用互斥事件的求和公式计算；二是间接法，先求此事件的对立事件的概率，再用公式)(1)(A P A P -=，即运用逆向思维的方法(正难则反)求解，应用此公式时，一定要分清事件的对立事件到底是什么事件，不能重复或遗漏.特别是对于含“至多”“至少”等字眼的题目，用第二种方法往往显得比较简便.17.（本小题14分）如图，在四棱锥P ABCD -中，平面PAD ⊥平面ABCD ，PA PD ⊥，PA PD =，AB AD ⊥，1AB =，2AD =，5AC CD ==.（1）求证：PD ⊥平面PAB ；（2）求直线PB 与平面PCD 所成角的正弦值；学科.网（3）在棱PA 上是否存在点M ，使得//BM 平面PCD ？若存在，求AMAP的值；若不存在，说明理由.【答案】（1）见解析；（23（3）存在，14AM AP =（3）设M 是棱PA 上一点，则存在]1,0[∈λ使得AP AM λ=. 因此点),,1(),,1,0(λλλλ--=-M .因为⊄BM 平面PCD ，所以∥BM 平面PCD 当且仅当0=⋅n BM ，即0)2,2,1(),,1(=-⋅--λλ，解得41=λ. 所以在棱PA 上存在点M 使得BM ∥平面PCD ，此时41=AP AM . 考点：1.空间垂直判定与性质；2.异面直线所成角的计算；3.空间向量的运用.【名师点睛】平面与平面垂直的性质的应用：当两个平面垂直时，常作的辅助线是在其中一个面内作交线的垂线，把面面垂直转化为线面垂直，进而可以证明线线垂直(必要时可以通过平面几何的知识证明垂直关系)，构造(寻找)二面角的平面角或得到点到面的距离等. 18.（本小题13分）设函数()a xf x xebx -=+，曲线()y f x =在点(2,(2))f 处的切线方程为(1)4y e x =-+，（1）求a ，b 的值；（2）求()f x 的单调区间.【答案】（Ⅰ）2a =，b e =；（2）)(x f 的单调递增区间为(,)-∞+∞.从而),(,0)(+∞-∞∈>x x g .综上可知，0)(>'x f ，),(+∞-∞∈x ，故)(x f 的单调递增区间为),(+∞-∞. 考点：导数的应用.【名师点睛】用导数判断函数的单调性时，首先应确定函数的定义域，然后在函数的定义域内，通过讨论导数的符号，来判断函数的单调区间．在对函数划分单调区间时，除了必须确定使导数等于0的点外，还要注意定义区间内的间断点． 19.（本小题14分）已知椭圆C ：22221+=x y a b（0a b >>）的离心率为32 ，(,0)A a ，(0,)B b ，(0,0)O ，OAB ∆的面积为1.（1）求椭圆C 的方程；（2）设P 的椭圆C 上一点，直线PA 与y 轴交于点M ，直线PB 与x 轴交于点N. 求证：BM AN ⋅为定值.【答案】（1）2214x y +=；（2）详见解析.（2）由（Ⅰ）知，)1,0(),0,2(B A ，考点：1.椭圆方程及其性质；2.直线与椭圆的位置关系.【名师点睛】解决定值定点方法一般有两种：(1)从特殊入手，求出定点、定值、定线，再证明定点、定值、定线与变量无关；(2)直接计算、推理，并在计算、推理的过程中消去变量，从而得到定点、定值、定线.应注意到繁难的代数运算是此类问题的特点，设而不求方法、整体思想和消元的思想的运用可有效地简化运算. 20.（本小题13分）设数列A ：1a ，2a ,…N a (N ≥).如果对小于n (2n N ≤≤)的每个正整数k 都有k a ＜n a ，则称n 是数列A 的一个“G 时刻”.记“)(A G 是数列A 的所有“G 时刻”组成的集合.（1）对数列A ：-2，2，-1，1，3，写出)(A G 的所有元素；（2）证明：若数列A 中存在n a 使得n a >1a ，则∅≠)(A G ；（3）证明：若数列A 满足n a -1n a - ≤1（n=2,3, …,N ）,则)(A G 的元素个数不小于N a -1a . 【答案】（1）()G A 的元素为2和5；（2）详见解析；（3）详见解析.设{}p p n n n n n n A G <⋅⋅⋅<<⋅⋅⋅=2121,,,,)(，记10=n . 则p n n n n a a a a <⋅⋅⋅<<<210.对p i ,,1,0⋅⋅⋅=，记{}i n k i i a a N k n N k G >≤<∈=*,.如果∅≠i G ，取i i G m min =，则对任何i i m n k i a a a m k <≤<≤,1. 从而)(A G m i ∈且1+=i i n m .又因为p n 是)(A G 中的最大元素，所以∅=p G .从而对任意n k n p ≤≤，p n k a a ≤，特别地，p n N a a ≤.考点：数列、对新定义的理解.【名师点睛】数列的实际应用题要注意分析题意，将实际问题转化为常用的数列模型，数列的综合问题涉及到的数学思想：函数与方程思想(如：求最值或基本量)、转化与化归思想(如：求和或应用)、特殊到一般思想(如：求通项公式)、分类讨论思想(如：等比数列求和，1=q 或1≠q )等.。

2016北京理工大学

经学校研究生招生领导小组研究决定，我校2016年硕士研究生招生考试复试基本分数线如下：
学科门类（专业）
总分
单科(满分=100分)
单科(满பைடு நூலகம்>100分)
哲学[01]
380
50
75
经济学[02]
365
55
83
法学[03]
340
50
75
教育学[04]
350
50
150
文学[05]
360
55
83
理学[07]
320
55
83
工程硕士
305
45
68
工商管理硕士
A:165
50
100
B:160
50
100
公共管理硕士
165
50
100
工程管理硕士
170
50
100
会计硕士
A:225
50
100
B:210
50
100
艺术设计硕士
355
40
60
享受少数民族政策的考生*/退役大学生专项计划
总分降20分，单科降5分
50
75
工学[08] (不含照顾专业)
315
45
68
医学[10]
335
50
150
管理学[12]
370
55
83
艺术学[13]
360
40
60
照顾专业*
305
45
68
少数民族骨干计划
240
应用统计硕士
335
50
75
法律硕士
320
50