高考英语语法专题:定语从句
高考英语复习6.定语从句(语法)
高考英语复习6.定语从句(语法)语法讲座:定语从句一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1.先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。
在英语中,定语从句跟在被修饰词之后,所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。
2.连接定语从句,要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。
关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同,因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句,还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。
二、关系代词1.who先行词是“人”,在从句中代替主语。
注意:代替从句中的主语,who不能省略。
who的单复数由先行词决定。
但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。
2.whom先行词是“人”,在从句中代替宾语。
whom在从句中经常可以省略,但如果在介词后面,则不能省。
3.which先行词是“物”,在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。
which代替主语时,不能省略,它的单复数由先行词决定。
which 代替宾语时则经常省略,但如果在介词后面,那么也不能省略。
which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子,这时它总是看成单数,也不能省略。
4.that先行词可以是“人”,也可以是“物”,在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。
that代替主语时,不能省略,代替宾语时则经常省略。
that不能用在介词之后。
在以下三种情况时,我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和which,而只用that:1)先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词,或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰;2)先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰;3)先行词是由and连接的两个词,分别指“人”和“物”。
5.whose先行词可以是“人”,也可以是“物”,在从句中代替定语。
whose不能省略。
如果先行词是“物”,我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。
高考英语语法专题:定语从句
高考英语语法专题:定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时能够省略)who 指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词2、as 的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as 表示同一类,不同一个the same…that 表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,能够用and this来代替,意为“这个点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which 代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、.先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing ,something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just ,very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是级或被形容词级修饰时。
高考英语定语从句用法归纳及注意事项大全
高考英语定语从句用法及注意事项一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who指人在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法(1)常用于下列结构:such…as;so…as;thesame…as;as…as注意:thesame…as表示同一类,不同一个thesame…that表示同一个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作用,表达说话人的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以用andthis来代替,意为“这一点,这件事’”。
注意:as常用于下列结构:asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above, asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。
c、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,而as只可作系动词be的主语。
二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theo ne等不定代词时。
2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时。
3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
5、当先行词是数词时。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词(一)定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词:when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后,定语从句之首,,起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词:定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when(指时刻,在定语从句中作时刻状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指缘故,在定语从句中作缘故状语)。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语,用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人,在定语从句中作宾语,用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物,在定语从句中作宾语,用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
高考高中英语核心语法详解 定语从句
高考高中英语核心语法详解定语从句关系从句//定语从句一、基础知识1. 由来:两个句子之间要有一个重复元素产生关联。
重复点上改写为关系词,由此产生关系从句。
这个重复点在主要从句中称为先行词(antecedent)。
在关系从句中称为关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
结构一般比较固定:先行词+关系词+从句例:The boss lives opposite my house. 那位老板住在我家对面。
He is very rich. 他很富有。
说明:the boss 和he 为重复点;下面保留boss,把he改写为who,组成一句话:The boss who lives opposite my house is very rich. 住在我家对面的那位老板很富有。
boss称为为先行词;who为关系引导词;who引导的句子称为关系从句或定语从句。
2.内涵:忌重复原则决定,目的让句子更紧凑;尾重原则,决定重点信息后置。
3.先行词:被关系从句所修饰的词The tall man who is standing over there is my uncle. 正站在那儿的高个子男士是我叔叔。
man为先行词。
4. 关系词:让两个句子产生关联;具有双重角色;(1)角色一:代替前面的先行词;(2)角色二:起到连接作用,并在其引导的句子中承担相应语法成分;例:This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。
that代替前面的先行词book; that同时是其引导句子中bought的宾语。
5. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分口诀: 有无逗号;限定不限定;展开不展开;a. 限制性: 从句紧跟先行词,两者之间无逗号,并且句意特别指定先行词,并不展开。
b.非限制性:先行词与从句中间用逗号隔开;句意非特指不限定,从句继续展开。
例:限制性There is a tribe of busy little people who live in the Frozen Zone.一个忙碌的小人部落住在冰冻区。
高考英语语法之从句讲义:定语从句精讲
高考英语语法之从句讲义:定语从句精讲充当定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词(the antecedent).定语从句由关系代词: who, whom, which, 关系形容词whose 和关系副词when, where, why引导,关系词除了起连接从句和名词的作用外,还作从句的句子成分。
1.限制性定语从句Who的先行词是人,作定语从句的主语:This is the man who will give us a talk tomorrow.Whom的先行词是人,作定语从句的宾语:This is the man whom I talked about the other day.Which 的先行词是物,作从句的主语和宾语Here is a book which may be helpful in you English study.This is the book which I like best.上述例句都可改用that.Whose是个关系形容词,在从句中作定语。
A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.When, where, why 分别作从句的时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
He will never forget the day when the accident took place.This was the room where we studied.Do you know the reason why he was late?2.非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词(许多是专有名词),也可以是整个主句,它对先行词不加限定,只起附加说明作用,如果没有,也不影响句意和语法结构。
非限定性定语从句和先行词书写时有逗号断开。
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.She was late again, which was annoying.区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句很重要。
高考英语语法专题- 定语从句
14.(09宁德质检) To the woman teacher’s disappointment, the student___ she thought highly failed the final exam. A. of whom B. of which C. for whom D. for which 答案:A
5.(福建卷)By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_____appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. Of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 答案:D 7.(陕西卷)The man pulled out a gold watch,_____ were made of small diamonds. A.the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 答案: D 10.(江苏卷)The Science Museum,____ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. A. Which B. what C. that D. where 答案:A
28.(09岳阳信息) We hope that the measures to control the stock market,_____ are taken by the government, will work. A. that B. where C. which D.what 答案:C
高三英语一轮复习语法专题---定语从句知识点梳理与题库
定语从句知识点梳理1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
一、关系词的用法(一)关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.3)which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.4) asAs用于先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰的限制性定语从句.You can take as many books as you need.(二) 关系副词when, where, why(在句中作状语)1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when hegrew up.注意:介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.4. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句定语从句---基础篇一、定语从句(一):1. 定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词:引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when、why等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句(二):1. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用that 不用which。
1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时,只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时,只能用that。
This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时,只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时,一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下,只能用which不用that。
高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习
高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解练习1.定语从句定义定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用He is a man who likes travelling and reading.和主句关系密切,不用逗号隔开,去掉主句,句子不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰作用(先行词与定语从句之间用逗号隔开)The house, which I bought last year, has a beautiful garden.也可以对主句起修饰作用He was late again, which made his teacher angry.和主句关系不密切,用逗号分开,去掉主句,句子完整。
2.先行词先行词是被定语从句修饰的成分。
先行词可以是名词、代词或整个主句。
先行词是指人时,可用that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时,可用which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.3.关系词关系词:关系代词和关系副词两种关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose, as在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语先行词是指人时,可用关系代词:that, who, whom, whoseThis is the person ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.先行词是指物时,可用关系代词:which, that, whoseI like to live in a room that / which has a window facing south.I like to live in a room whose window faces south.=I like to live in a room of which the window faces south.=I like to live in a room the window of which faces south.关系副词:when, where, why 在从句中作状语先行词是表示时间的名词时,可用when, in which, on which等;I never forget the day when / on which I came to this school.先行词是表示地点的名词时,可用where, in which, at which等;The factory where / in which his father works is far from here.This is the factory where /in which he works.如果定语从句修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,常用where 引导We have reached a point where a change is needed.区分:there’s one point that we must insist on.先行词是表示原因的名词时,可用why, for which等。
高考英语语法解析:定语从句
高考英语语法解析:定语从句【篇一】问1:何谓定语从句?答:修饰先行词的从句就叫定语从句。
问2:定语从句分为几种类型?答:定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
问3:限制性定语从句的构成要素有哪些?答:限制性定语从句的构成要包括先行词和关系词。
问4:什么叫先行词?答:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词就叫先行词。
问5:什么关系词?答:引导定语从句的词就叫关系词。
问6:关系词是如何分类的?答:关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
问7:关系代词包括哪些?答:关系代词包括that,which,who,whom,whose和as.问8:关系副词包括哪些?答:关系副词包括when,where和why.【篇二】问1:关系代词that和which的区别有哪些?答:1、只要关系代词that的主要情况如下:(1)先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,little,much,nobody,nothing等时;(2)先行词被不定代词any,no,all等修饰时;(3)先行词被the last,the only,the very,just the 等修饰时;(4)先行词被序数词修饰时;(5)先行词被形容词级修饰时;(6)先行词既指人又指物时;(7)以who或whic引导的疑问句中。
如:Who is the man that is standing over there?Which is the book that you would like to take away?答:2、只用关系代词which的情况如下:(1)在非限制性定语从句中(定语从句前有逗号)(2)介词后【篇三】问1:关系副词有哪些?它们分别怎么样?答:关系副词包括表示时间的when,表示地点的where和表示原因的why.问2:关系副词在限制性定语从句中可以转换为什么?答:在限制性定语从句中,关系副词都可以转换为相应的介词加关系代词。
高考英语语法填空之定语从句
高考英语语法填空之定语从句一:知识储备1.确定是定语从句设空处无提示词,而设空前的主句完整;设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用,考虑填定语从句关系词。
2.掌握3步法解题技巧第1步:分清限制与非限制在先行词的后面出现逗号的,是非限制性定语从句。
①that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
②which引导非限制性定语从句可代表主句的全部或部分内容,which意为“这一点”。
③as引导非限制性定语从句,可放句中或句首,意为“正如”。
其后的谓语动词多是be seen,be known,be reported,be mentioned,be said,is often the case等。
第2步:寻找先行词,辨别人与物①先行词指人:用that/who/whom/whose;②先行词指物:用that/which/whose等。
第3步:判断所缺成分,确定关系词①缺少主语:that/which/who;②缺少动词的宾语:that/which/who/whom;③缺少介词的宾语:whom/which;④缺少定语:whose;⑤缺少时间、地点或原因状语时:分别用when,where,why。
3.必记定语从句中的2个高频考点①当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,若在从句中作状语,用关系副词where引导定语从句;若作主语或宾语,则用关系代词that/which。
②先行词为表示时间、地点或原因的名词,在从句中作状语时,用when/where/why引导从句;在从句中作主语或宾语时,用that或which引导从句。
二:真题精析1.The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与)in academic life,taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源).2.Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.3.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.4.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants prove that she has brains as well as beauty.5.She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.6.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to479B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.7.Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.8.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.9.My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.10.She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in _which__ she distributed it to children.11.When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.三:课后练习1.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.2. I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.3. Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.4.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.5.The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7.He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.8.China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.9.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.10.Among the many dangers sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.11.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.12.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.13.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.14.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, my classmates recommended to me.15.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.16.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.17.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.18.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science.19.Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.20.Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.21.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members.22.We have launched another man made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper.23.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.24.Maria has written two novels,both of have been made into television series.25.That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.26.By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.27.The dishes I cooked were Mom’s favorite.28.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter...29.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.30.Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music.31.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.32.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.33.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.34.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.35.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.36.I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.37.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.38. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.39. He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.40.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.。
高考英语语法考点归纳总结定语从句素材
高考英语语法考点归纳总结:高考英语语法:定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后指人that / whothat / who / whom指物that / whichthat / which上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示 (先行词)的二.示例:1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist.b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher.4.whose引导的定语从句a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.三.应注意的问题:1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况:①.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时a. This is the best play that was written by Jack.b. He is the only person that I can trust.②.先行词被序数词或the last等词修饰时a. This is the first car that arrived this morning.③.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all, any, no等修饰时a. All the people that come from the country work much harder.b. This is all that I can tell you.④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour.⑤.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ?2.关系代词who, which, that在定语从句中作主语时, 要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题. 因为who / that / which指代先行词, 所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom.b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom.关系副词引导的定语从句一.关系副词的用法: when在定语从句中作地点状语; where在定语从句中作地点状语; why 在定语从句中作原因状语二.示例:a. He was well at the time when I saw him.b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday.c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer.三.应注意的问题:1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略, 这样的名词如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句)a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句一.说明: 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可以位于关系代词之前, 从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法: 在这种定语从句中, 关系代词只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who三.示例:a. This is the house in which he was born.b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.四.应注意的问题:1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词, 也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组a. This is the house in which he was born.b. At five o’cloc k we reache d the house, in front of which there is a big tree.c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.2.根据表达的需要, 介词之前还可以有其他词, 从而构成名词或代词+介词+关系代词引导的定语从句a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.3.介词若为短语动词中的介词, 则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前a. This is the magazine whic h you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前)4.关系副词when / where / why常可与介词+关系代词互换a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent )限定性与非限定性定语从句一.两者的区别: 见下表形式作用译法限定性定语从句无逗号与主句分开修饰限定作用, 即不可缺少的定语其译文常位于先行词之前, 并体现的非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句分开附加、补充说明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句二.关系词的用法: 非限定性定语从句不能用that引导, 并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在关系词的使用上, 非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同三.示例:a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.四.应注意的问题:1.as / which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句, as / which是关系代词, 指代主句中所提到的某种情况, 它们的不同点是:①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后②. as还带有正如, 正象之意, 而which不含此意a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.常见问题一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.b. He was the only o ne of the students who passed the GRE.①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后②. as还带有正如, 正象之意, 而which不含此意a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.常见问题一.定语从句还原法: 试题中有很多有关定语从句的, 这类题往往需选择引导词部分. 做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念: 定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于这一点, 我们可以用还原法来检验定语从句是否正确, 即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句. 具体做①.第一步: 替换. 将关系代词直接替换成先行词, 如果是关系副词, 先替换成介词+关系代词, 再将关系代词替换成先行词②.第二步: 调整, 即调整语序, 看能否构成一个合理的简单句例如, 还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是: 先将that / which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就能得到一个合理的简单句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是: 先将where替换成in which, 再将which替换成先行词the park, 再调整语序, 就得到一个合理的简单句: We once played for a whole day in the park.a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?二.分隔定语从句: 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时也被分隔开来, 在阅读时要注意根据定语从句所表达的意思来分辨先行词是什么a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE。
高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法
高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法高考14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句一、定语从句用法讲解用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般跟在先行之后。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。
关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人);that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。
that也可以指人,which 不能指人。
who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语。
例如:This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day. This is the boy whose father is an English teacher. This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken. = This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday. This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday. This is the book whose cover is gone.注意:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。
用来引导定语从句的副词(when, where, why)叫关系副词。
when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
例如:I will never forget the day when I joined the Party. This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class. 二、定语从句用法定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点,也是历年高考的热点。
高中英语高考高中英语定语从句 (共43张PPT)
6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如: This is the same purse that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。 注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如: This is the same purse as I lost yesterday. 这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
1. 引入 2. 什么是定语 3. 什么是定语从句 4. 关系代词有哪些 5. 关系代词的基本用法是什么
高中英语
定语从句
1
词汇问题
3 定语从句
2.什么是 定语从句?
1.什么是 定语?
3.什么是 先行词?
5.关系词 的用法是 什么?
4.关系词 有哪些?
3 定语从句
1. 什么是定语? 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。
1 定语从句(二)
一、只使用that的情况:
10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如: My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。 11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。 This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
3 定语从句
5.随堂练习
6.This is the man ________ wants to see you. 7.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua. 8.The man __________ you went to see has come. 9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday. 10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
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用法说明
例句
只用that的情况
1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时
2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
Put back the book where it was.把书放回原处。(状语从句)
定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。
It is such an interesting book as we all like.它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。
②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.
从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;
②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them。
定语从句
与
状语从句
定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。
This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
The news that he told us interested all of us.
他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)
The news that he told us是定语从句,此句不能改写为:The news is that he told us.
定语从句
与
强调句
强调句的结构为“It is/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。
只用which, who, whom的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those, one, he时多用who。
1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
(as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。
(that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)
定语从句
与
同位语从句
定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。
可用on which
where
地点
地点状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别
高考英语语法专题:定语从句
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
the same ...that
the same... as指同类事物
the same ...that指原物
That’s the same tool as I used last week.(同类工具,不是同一把)
That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。
The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.
她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句)
此句中的同位语从句The news that she had passed the exam
可以改写成表语从句:The news is that he passed the exam.
Do you know the time when the class is over?你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)
When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时却不行。
This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked.
这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)
2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的区别
从句
区别
例句
限制性
定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主语,宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
注意:the way做先行词时,定语从句可由that, in which引导或不用引导词。
IV.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别
类别
区别
例句
定语从句
与
并列句
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①Mr Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer.
①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport.
②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works.
从结构上看:
①小题是强调句,故填that。
②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in,故填where。
whose
人或物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that
人或物
主语,宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和
as
人或物
主语,宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.