汉英翻译第十讲时与体

汉英翻译第十讲时与体
汉英翻译第十讲时与体

汉英翻译第十讲时与体第九讲练习讲评

本来,生命只有一次,对于谁都是宝贵的。但是,假使他的生命溶化在大众的事业里面,假使他天天在为这世界干事业是不死的,他会领略到“永久的年轻”的感觉。而“浮生如梦”的人,从这个世界拿去的很多,而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡:他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀,像铅一样沉重,压在他的心头。青春是多么短啊。

One has but one life to live and, naturally, it is treasured by all. However, if one is dedicated to the cause of the people, if he does something every day for the world, he is living and, though eventually he will die, the cause he lives for—the cause of the

people will never die. In other words, he will gain a sense of “eternal youth” As for the one who lives his life like a floating cloud, he takes a lot from the world but gives little in return. Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness that he will find himself deprived of the energy to “take”. The n the grief caused by age and impotence will make him feel as if he was heavily loading a piece of lead in the mind. How fast youth goes!

人的生命只有一次,人们视为无价之宝,爱惜它,重视它。这是人之常情。可是等待生活的态度千差万别。归纳起来,不外乎两大类:一,有人感到生命宝贵而短暂,将生命溶化在大众的事业里面,天天在为这世界干事业,领略到了“永久的年轻”的感觉;二,有人感到生命宝贵而短暂,感到“浮生如梦”,沉迷于享受,懒惰与工作,从这个世界拿去的很多,而给这世界的却很少,可是持这种生活态度的人,总有一天会觉得疲

乏得快要死亡:他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀,像铅一样沉重,压在他的心头,感慨道:青春是多么短啊。

同学们:我们应该持哪里种生活态度?回答是肯定的:第一种。

中国现在社会处于转型期,传统价值观正在受到挑战,人们思想发生变化。

青年人这时候,不要盲目跟风,要头脑清醒。

正确的人生观和价值观,关系到个人和国家的前途和命运。

5.1长假,我陪太太去医院看病,感触良多。

医院关于“医德”宣传的标语和资料随处可见,可是一些医生对待病人的态度却的意思是,与标语和资料宣传内容背道而驰。在这些医生身上,“医德”变成了“医得”。“医得”的意思是,他们以医术作为得到自身利益的手段,他们的人生观和价值观是从这个世界获得。

我是教授,是教师。教师有师德。

“师德”含蓄一点的表述是可以用法国著

名作家雨果曾说过的话:“花的事业是尊贵的,果实的事业是甜美的,让我们做叶的事业吧,因为叶的事业是平凡而谦逊的。”

教师就像那默默奉献的绿叶,时时刻刻衬托着鲜花的娇艳。

直白一点的表述是:

爱岗敬业。志存高远,勤恳敬业,甘为人梯,乐于奉献;为人师表,高尚情操,知荣明耻,严于律己,以身作则;作风正派,廉洁奉公;终身学习,崇尚科学,拓宽知识,探索创新,提高专业素养和教育教学水平。有些教师经不起物质利益的诱惑,一心想到的是索取和获得。“师德”变成“师得”,异化了。

每一个教师,不可能都成为“师德”的典范,但是教师的身上,“师得”不应该体现得太多。

社会在变化,语言是社会生活的镜子。“医德”变成了“医得”,“师德”异化成“师得”,“道德”演变成了“道得”(“道”,

方法也,“得”获得也;“道得”,获得利益的方法也。)

我们的课是翻译课,翻译是两种语言的转换。离开语言,不可能谈翻译。让我们多多注意汉语语言在当今社会中的变化。

如上所述,“德”变成了“得”。又记起来了,“公关”异化成“攻官”,“海龟”演变成了“海归”。(海龟:爬行纲,海龟科。长可达1米多。头顶有一对前额鳞。四肢如桨,前肢长于后肢,内侧指、趾各有一爪。头、颈和四肢不能缩入甲内。主要以海藻为食。生活在大西洋、太平洋和印度洋中,到陆地上产卵,孵出幼体。肉可食,脂肪可炼油。海龟为国家二级保护动物。)

汉语是世界上表意功能最强的语言之一。汉语语言还有哪些反映中国社会转型中的

变化类似词语呢?

翻译技巧:动词短语

变成介词短语

汉英翻译:

让“科学”摆脱既不能与英语、法语接轨又不能与德语、俄语对接的尴尬局面。

Let kexue get rid of the embarrassment without equivalents both in English and French and German and Russian.

他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。Sooner or later he will be exhausted to death. 他总有一天会觉得疲非常疲乏。然而“他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。”的意义是:他总有一天会觉得疲乏,感到快要死亡了。Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness. Sooner or later he will be exhausted,having the sense that he will be approaching death.

1. He was thirsty to death. He was extremely thirsty.

2. He was stabbed to death. He died because he was stabbed. He was beaten to death.

时与体

“时”(ttense)和“体”(aspect)是两个语法范畴,但又有密切关系。“时”指动词所表示的一个动作或状态发生的时间,语法中的“时”与自然概念发生的动作,同时时态也可以与时间契合,如英语现在时可表示现在时在时间发生的动作,这种情况称之为“泛时性”。汉英动词都有泛时性用法,而汉语动词的泛时性功能则更加突出,“体”表示动作或状态发生时的状况或态势:它是在继续进行并未完成,还是终止了进行、已经完成?“时”和“体”在汉语中以词汇手段和语义来表示,不具备严谨的形态体系规范,而在英语中则通过动词的曲折变化和助词来表达,前者的泛时性强,界定不大严谨;后者的定时性强,界定比较明确。英语动词有两个时和两个体:现在时(present tense)

和过去时(past tense),进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfect aspect).现代英语在其长期发展中没有形成能与现在时和过去时等量齐观的专门表示将来时的特殊动词形式——将来时,虽然表示将来时间的语法手段是丰富多样的,但在这里我们没有列出了

1.时态助词

汉语中的时态助词有三个:“着”“了”“过”以及其搭配形式如:“着….了…”“过…了”(1)着

附加在动词之后,或述宾式复合动词之后,表示持续动词,与英语的进行时对应,如:这会儿正下着滂沱大雨

对比汉语句子和它们的译文,注意确定动词的时与体:

1.英美两国人民都在不断的实验着各种新的思想,因而流行音乐也在不断地发展变化,

而且日益与现代民间音乐结合起来

2.有人说自信是成就伟大事业的基础,整个下午我一直在想这个问题,这是对的

3.从清晨起,春雨就轻柔地落下来;燕子在雨中穿梭。

4.据报道,昨天下午一个窃贼闯进了一家珠宝店,用枪威胁人们,抢走了10万元现金

5.我们见到的人已经到了山穷水尽的地步,他们正丧失一切:职业、亲属、家庭

6.他过去的那副尊容,只要你见过一次,无论什么时候都不会忘记

7.今年,中国政府确定把通货膨胀率控制在15%左右

8.不一会儿,北风小了,路上的浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快

9.她到过号称人间天堂的苏州,也去过山水甲天下的桂林

10.自渊受教于孔子,深得孔子器重,他的哲学观和伦理观也完全继承了孔子的衣钵11.我们的人们继承了古代的智慧,懂得如何等待并善于抓住战机

12.我们的民族将不再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了,我们已经站起来了

13.他一坐下就开讲,滔滔不绝讲个没完

14.通过完全立法、公正司法和严格执法,我国的人权司法保障工作取得了长足的发展

15.近几年,青岛市采取了一系列优惠政策来吸引外资

答案:

1.B oth British people and Americans are experimenting with new idea, and pop is developing and changing, and merging with modern folk music.

2.S elf-confidence, someone said, is the foundation of achieving great things. I have been thinking about this the whole afternoon.

I guess it’s true.

3.T he spring rain has been falling gently since morning. Some swallows were busily flying about to and fro amidst rain.

4.I t was reported that a robber into a jewelry shop yesterday afternoon and, threatening

the people with a pistol, made away with 100,000 yuan in cash.

5.W e see folks who have hit bottom.. They are losing everything: jobs, families and homes.

6.H e had a face that once you saw is never forgotten.

7.T his year Chinese government has set up an inflation target of below 15percent.

8.P resently the wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clear, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.

9.S he has been to Suzhou and Hangzhou, the renowned places called “paradise on earth”; she has also visited Guilin, a city noted the world over for its picturesque rivers and mountains.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/0115004826.html,cated and regarded hig 15. HLy by Confucius, Yan Yuan owes much to his master’s philosophical and moral heritage.

11.We are people that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth of biding one’s

time and recognize opportunity for combat.

12.Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. We have stood up. 13.As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.

14.Through perfecting legislation, ensuring an impartial judicature and strictly enforcing the law, China has made considerable progress in building a judicial guarantee for human rights.

15. A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Qingdao to attract foreign capitals.

汉英翻译教程1

《汉英翻译教程》-作者不详,在此致谢! 第一章 词的选择 词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解,而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。有些词看起来很简单,翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。例如: 还要努力读一点历史和小说。 We should also find time to read some history books and novels. 这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的,如译为make an effort,则会使人误解为我们文化水平低,读历史和小说很费力。 再比如“水平”一词译成英语,不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。 1.他的英语水平比我的高。 He knows more English than I. 这里,汉语“水平”一词虽未译出,但其以已含在句子中。若照汉语字面应译成:The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。 2.要奋发图强,把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。 We must work hard to r aise to a new height the military and political quality of our army……. 这里“水平”指高度,故译作height,和动词搭配也比较顺。 3.各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。 Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership. 这里的“领导水平”,实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定,在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词,才能译得准确。因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。 (一)注意词的广义与狭义 英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别,运用范围也就各不相同。例如 1.农业是国民经济的基础。 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. 原文“农业”一词是广义,指一切农业经济(农、牧、林、渔),古译作agriculture。但在“农林牧副渔结合的方针”中,农与林木副渔并立,是指耕作的农业,不是指整个农业经济,古译作farming。整个词组应译为the principle of combining farming, forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery. 2.他从不喝酒。 He never touches wine. 原文“酒”是指一切酒类,故译作wine。但在“他不喝烈性酒”一句中,“酒”是狭义,是和淡性酒相对而言的,又需译作spirits。 (二)注意词义的强弱 3.反动派的暴行激起了人民的极大愤怒。 The atrocities of the reactionaries roused the people to great indignation. 这里的“愤怒”含义强烈,故在译文中选用了indignation,而不用anger. 4.孙中山是个好人。 Dr. Sun Y et-sen was a man of integrity. 如果译作a good man, 则与这位伟大的革命先行者的身份不相称。 (三)注意词义的褒贬

英汉翻译练习1-The Three New Yorks

The Three New Y orks E. B. White There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuters ——the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something. Of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last ——the city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York's high-strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness, natives give it solidarity and continuity, but the settlers give it passion. And whether it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum, or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference: each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. 三方面看纽约 大致上可以从三个方面解读纽约。首先,出生在这里的纽约的男人或女人,他们把这座城市作为理所当然的存在并认为它的规模和动荡是自然和不可避免的。第二,有纽约的上班族——这个城市每天白天像被蝗虫吞噬进去然后每天晚上吐了出来。第三,出生在其他地方的纽约人带着追求来到纽约。 这三类纽约人中,最伟大的是最后一类人——纽约是对于他们是最终归宿的城市和目标与机遇的城市。是第三类人对纽约的紧张的秉性、诗人的涵养、对艺术的执着和无与伦比的成就做出了解释。 上班族给纽约带来了潮汐般的坐立不安,当地人给它团结和连续性,但是定居者给它的激情。不管是一个来自意大利农夫为了在贫民窟开设一个杂货店,还是一个来自密西西比州的年轻姑娘为了逃避邻居的对她的偷窥,或者一个来自玉米带的男孩用手提箱带着他的手稿和内心的痛楚,情况都没有什么区别:每个与纽约的拥抱都带着初恋般的激动,每次对纽约的接纳都带着冒险家的新奇目光,每份光和热,足以令爱迪生联合电气公司相形见绌。 英本1004班 王汉朝

中国文化汉英翻译材料(1)

Exercise I. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.如今,作为东方艺术的一颗璀璨的明珠,京剧不仅在中国各地喜闻乐见,而且已被全世界人民广泛接受。 2.根据所表演角色的性别、年龄和社会地位的不同,演员角色分成四类:生(男角)、旦(女角)、净(花脸男角)、丑 (丑角)。 3.京剧的独特艺术魅力使它经久不衰:它创造了一种台上台下演员观众相互交融的美学欣赏与享受。 4.他曾成功地塑造了许多古代中国妇女的形象,完美地表现了她们的温柔、优雅和细腻。 5.梅兰芳也是把京剧介绍到国外的第一人。 6.作为中国的文化瑰宝,京剧必将获得全中国和全世界人民越来越多的喜爱。 Key to Exercise I. 1.Today, as one of the glowing pearls of oriental arts, not only has Beijing Opera been widely enjoyed all over China, it has also been well received all over the world. 2.According to the gender, age and social position of the different roles which they play, actors and actresses are divided into four categories: sheng (male roles), dan (female roles), jing (male roles with facial paintings) and chou (clowns). 3.The uniqueness of Beijing Opera makes its artistic charm so everlasting: the creation of an aesthetic co-appreciation between the actors and actresses on stage and the audience off stage. 4.Mei Lanfang had created very successfully various images of ancient Chinese women and expressed their tenderness, elegance and subtlety. 5.Mei Lanfang was also the first person who introduced Beijing Opera to foreign countries. 6.Being a great treasure of the Chinese culture, Beijing Opera will surely be more and more appreciated by people in China and in the whole world. Exercise II. Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. 著名的京剧武生徐力先生最近接受了我们舞蹈学校的邀请,担任高级舞蹈教员。武生是京剧中的一个重要生角。武生的特点是武艺好,身手矫健敏捷。武生演员常通过在舞台上翻滚武打(tumbles, tweists, and somersaults)来表现他们高超的武艺。武生的动作准确有力,是大量艰苦训练的结果。 中国古典舞蹈和民族舞蹈的舞台技巧和身段(floor skills and postures)大多来自中国传统戏曲的武功(acrobatic skills)。我们舞蹈学校非常荣幸能够请到徐先生教授女子班毯子功(floor skills)和男子班的功夫课。有关课程安排请点击此网址。 Key to Ex. II Make a web advertisement in English, based on the information given in Chinese. A Rare Opportunity The famous Beijing Opera performer of Wu Sheng (acrobatic male role), Mr Xu Li, recently accepted an engagement with our Dancing School. Wu Sheng is a very important role in Beijing Opera. It requires a high level of acrobatic skills. Wu Sheng actors often show off their skills with tumbles, twists, and somersaults on the stage. These skills and movements require great precision in timing and strength, which takes a lot of training and exercise. Many of the floor skills and postures of classic and ethnic Chinese dances were originally from the acrobatic skills of traditional Chinese operas. Our dancing school is very fortunate to have Mr Xu Li to teach our Floor Skills class for girls and Kungfu class for boys. For class schedule, please click HERE. Exercise III. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.齐白石以革新水墨画和毕生献身于这项中国的传统艺术形式而闻名于世。 2.他在几天后把那幅画重画了很多次,但是总比不上他当天即兴完成的作品。 3.兰亭序的极高的艺术价值促使更多书法家临摹王羲之的字体。 4.一个好的书法家所写出来的字必须充满生气,活力并具备完美的形体。 5.书法是一门艺术,它需要清醒的头脑以及对毛笔有全面的掌握。 6.这个年轻演员认识到自己的演技还差,无法与他老师的演技相提并论。 Key Exercise III.

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

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play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

汉英翻译实践第一讲

PART I: I. 原文(Source Text) 水桥 在巴拿马,有一座世界闻名的“水桥”,那就是巴拿马运河。去年暑假,我跟着爸爸妈妈去巴拿马运河游览观光,至今还记忆犹新。 我们乘机抵达巴拿马城,然后搭上了一艘游轮,从巴尔博亚港进入运河。船行13公里后,便到了运河的第一组水闸1。巴拿马运河就是通过水闸的关与开,让船舰跨越陆地的一座“水桥” 2。 我们开始“上桥”了。船驶进闸池之后,厚2米,高、宽各20米,重数百吨的钢闸门便缓缓地关闭,闸池里开始注水。几分钟后,水涨船高3。游轮在两岸电力机车的牵引下缓缓前进。这样连升两级之后,船已经升高了16米。出闸后,再驶过一个小湖,又到了第二组水闸。经过这座水闸,船又升高了9.5米。这样,船已高出海平面26米,进入“桥顶” 4。我们的游船驶进了长达13公里的主航道,只见5两岸山6如刀削,绿树红花,景色十分秀丽7。 游船出了峡谷,驶入了宽阔的加通湖。湖水倒映着远山白云,美丽的小岛时隐时现8。在湖中悠悠航行38公里之后,船来到了加通水闸,从此进入了“下桥”段。这座水闸共有三级,犹如三个巨大的台阶。游船经过加通水闸后,已经降到了与大西洋水面相同的高度。当船驶入利蒙湾时,美丽的加勒比海便出现在眼前9。 我们从太平洋来到大西洋10,彼此隔离的大洋因为有了巴拿马运河而相通。运河全长公里,宽度由150米到304米不等。5万吨级的巨轮,日夜畅通无阻。它无愧于“世界桥梁”的称誉。我由衷地赞美人类改造自然的智慧和勇气!我敬佩你,巴拿马人民! 导游告诉我们,巴拿马人民是有志气的。他们一方面正在改造现在这条运河;另一方面,还准备新建一条更长的运河,预计工程需要10年才能完成,它将成为人类有史以来最大的工程11。我们期待着它早日完成。 II. 理解难点提示(Suggestions for Comprehension) 1. 这里的“水闸”指什么参考下文的“进闸池”、“出闸”。

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