甲状腺疾病(英文版)

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甲状腺机能亢进症(英文)

✓ If ATD is chosen as the primary therapy for GD, the medication should be continued for approximately 12–18 months, and then discontinued if TSH levels are normal at that time.
甲状腺机能亢进症（Hyperthyroidism）
CONTENTS
Definition and etiology Clinical menifestations Diagnosis Treatment
Abbreviation
➢ TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) 促甲状腺激素 ➢ TRAb (thyrotrophin receptor antibody) 促甲状腺激素受体抗体 ➢ TSI (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin) 甲状腺刺激性抗体 ➢ ATD (antithyroid drugs) 抗甲状腺药物 ➢ RAI (radioactive iodine) 放射性碘 ➢ GD (Graves disease) Gazole (CMZ)/methimazole (MMI) is the preferred agent in all patients who choose ATD therapy for GD.
✓ Patients should be informed about the side effects of ATDs and the necessity of informing the physician promptly.
Definition and Etiology

thyroid甲状腺癌全英文简版

祝大家中秋节快乐，工作顺利，身体健康！
2015-4-16

Thank You!

2015-4-16
THYROID CANCER
1 where is it？ ANATOMY
2 why did it happen？
ETIOLOGY
3 what to do with it?
TREATMENT
4
2015-4-16
HOW BAD IS IT?
PROGNOSIS
femal (over 60 or under 30).
❷ Symptom ＆Sign:painless ;small and hard and fixed
solitary nodule;rapid growth(Ominous sign).
❸ Accessory examination：calcification;enlargement of neck lymph nodes.
The surgical methods differ from cancer types and lymphatic metastasis .
surgical method
Type of cancer cell
Lymphatic metastasis
2015-4-16

2015-4-16

THYROID ANATOMY
③
3.Nerves and vessels (both coupled): ①2 nerves :superior laryngeal nerve + recurrent laryngeal nerve. ②2 arterys:superior and inferior thyroid arterys ③3 veins:superior 、 middle and inferior thyroid veins. 4.Lymphatic drainage: knowing the way how throid cancer cell transfers is the foundation to lymphadenectomy .

甲状腺肿英文知识课件

甲状腺肿英文知识课件
Overview of goiterThe etiology of goiterSymptoms and diagnosis of goiterTreatment and prevention of goiterCase analysis of goiter
Overview of goiter
Thyroid nodules are distributed worldwide, but there are significant regional differences. Epidemiological characteristics are related to local environment, dietary habits, water quality, and other factors.
Women are more prone to developing thyroid nodules than men, especially during adolescence and pregnancy. In addition, the elderly, children, and adolescents are also high-risk groups for thyroid enlargement.
Detailed description
Symptoms and diagnosis of goiter
Neck thickening: The typical symptom of thyroid enlargement is the thickening of the neck, which can sometimes be palpated as a hard lump or lump in the throat or on both sides of the trachea.Difficulty breathing: When a thyroid gland compresses the trachea, it may cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing and hoarseness.Dysphagia: Thyroid nodules may compress the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing, especially solid foods.Cardiovascular symptoms: Thyroid nodules may cause symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue, and in severe cases may lead to elevated blood pressure and heart disease.

【疾病名】甲状腺癌【英文名】thyroidcarcinoma

【疾病名】甲状腺癌【英文名】thyroid carcinoma【缩写】【别名】struma maligna；thyroid cancer；恶性甲状腺肿【ICD号】C73【概述】甲状腺癌 (thyroid carcinoma)是最常见的甲状腺恶性肿瘤，是来源于甲状腺上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。

约占全身恶性肿瘤的1.3%～1.5%，且近年有增长趋势。

除髓样癌外，绝大部分甲状腺癌起源于滤泡上皮细胞，按病理类型可分为乳头状癌(60%)、滤泡状腺癌(20%)、未分化癌(15%)、髓样癌(7%)。

其中乳头状癌较早出现颈淋巴结转移，但预后较好；滤泡状腺癌肿瘤生长较快，属中度恶性，易经血运转移；未分化癌预后很差，平均存活时间3～6个月。

而临床上甲状腺癌与甲状腺腺瘤或结节性甲状腺肿有时不易鉴别，处理亦感到困难，故需加以重视。

此外，还可有淋巴系统恶性肿瘤或转移癌，也有少见的甲状腺原发性鳞状细胞癌、甲状腺肉瘤及恶性畸胎瘤等。

甲状腺癌中以乳头状癌在临床上较为多见。

【流行病学】甲状腺癌在国内外均为散发性。

1.发病率甲状腺结节的发病率因受到被调查人群的影响而存在一定的差异，但通常认为，甲状腺良性结节是常见疾病。

目前，我国没有甲状腺结节发病率的确切统计资料，美国的资料表明，4%～7%的成年人在体检时可发现甲状腺结节，而通过超声波检查甲状腺，或尸检发现的甲状腺结节更多，可高达30%～50%。

但甲状腺结节中恶性结节的发生率仅为1%～5%，在甲状腺外科手术中可占甲状腺肿瘤的14%左右。

也有报告甲状腺癌约占全身恶性肿瘤的1.3%，女性占73%，男性占27%，并与外源性射线有关。

(1)地域分布：甲状腺癌的年发病率因地域、肿瘤登记系统的不同而有较大的差异，一般而言，男性甲状腺癌的年发病率为1.2/10万～2.6/10万，女性为2.0/10万～3.8/10万。

冰岛和夏威夷是高甲状腺癌发病率的地区，几乎是北欧和北美，如美国和加拿大的两倍。

我国甲状腺癌的发病率较低，据天津市1993～1997年肿瘤发病登记资料，甲状腺癌的年发病率为0.35/10万，占全部恶性肿瘤的0.78%。

甲状腺疾病英文版

Hyperthyroidism
(甲状腺功能亢进）
Definition
Hyperthyroidism is an imbalance of metabolism caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone.
Cause:
Increased secretion of thyroid
Word
Thyroid disorders Isthmus Thyroxine Triiodothyronine Parathyroid glands Calcitonin

List
甲状腺病症峡部甲状腺素三碘甲状腺氨酸甲状旁腺降钙素
Recurrent laryngeal nerve Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Goitre Exophthalmos Tremor TSH
Increased metabolic rate
Increased function of sympathetic nerve (交感神经） Cardiovascular alteration

The thyroid can be palpated for
asymmetry (不对称） and size.
existence of a recurrent laryngeal nerve （喉
返神经）
during dissection.

Produces, synthesizes , stores , and secretes Two Hormones Called Thyroxine (T4) Thyronine (T3) Regulates Metabolism so Your Cells Function Properly Affects Every Cell in the Body, necessary for normal growth and development

普外科常见病的英文

常见普外科疾病(surgical diseases）名称中英文对照•furuncle （carbuncle)［疖(痈）］•cellulitis (abscess)［蜂窝织炎（脓肿）］•lymphangitis (lymphadenitis)［淋巴管(结）炎］•paronychia［甲沟(周）炎］•subungual abscess［甲下脓肿］•tenosynovitis[腱鞘炎］•dry （moist,gas) gangrene[干（湿，气）性坏疽］•necrosis (ulcer)[坏死(溃疡）］•sinus (fistula）[窦道（瘘)］•wart (cyst）［疣（囊肿）］•fibroma (neurofibrom)[（神经）纤维瘤］•imperforatus （atresia）［闭锁］•stenosis［狭窄]•dipoma （hemangioma)［脂肪（血管)瘤］•nevus （melanoma）[黑痣（黑色素瘤）］•thyroglossal cyst ［甲状舌骨囊肿］•tuberculosis of cervical lymph node［颈淋巴结结核］•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌)］•nodular goiter［结节性甲状腺肿］•tracheo—esophageal fistula［气管-食管瘘］•esophageal atresia （cicatricial stricture of esophagus） [食管闭锁（疤痕性狭窄）］•esophageal adenoma （polyp,fibroma,leiomyoma）［食管腺瘤（息肉,纤维瘤,平滑肌瘤）］•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•cyst of sebaceous gland［皮脂腺囊肿］•fibrosarcoma ［纤维肉瘤］•adenoc arcinoma[腺癌］•direct （indirect） inguinal herina［腹股沟直（斜）疝］•femoral (umbilical,incisional, internal）hernia［股（脐，切口，腹内)疝］•acute （tuberculous） peritonitis［急性（结核性）腹膜炎］•subphrenic (pelvis） abscess［膈下（盆腔）脓肿］•retroperitoneal abscess(tumor）［后腹膜脓肿（肿瘤）］•abscess of iliac fossa［髂窝脓肿］•torsion of omentum ［大网膜扭转］•gastric （duodenal) ulcer[胃(十二指肠）溃疡］•acute perforatio n （massive hemorrhage)［急性穿孔（大出血）］•pyloric obstruction［幽门梗阻］•polyp (adenoma， papilloma， carcinoma) of stomach［胃息肉（腺瘤，乳头状腺瘤，癌）]•gastric sarcoma［胃肉瘤］•acute dilatation of stomach [急性胃扩张］•ulcerative colitis ［溃疡性结肠炎］•acute necrotizing enteritis ［急性坏死性肠炎]•adhesive (ad ynamic， complete, incomplete, high ,low， mechanical,strangnlating， simple) obstruction of intestiine[粘连性(麻痹性,完全性，不完全性，高位，低位，机械性，狭窄性，单纯性）肠梗阻］•intussusception (volvulus)［肠套叠（扭转)］•mesenterin embolism (thrombosis）[肠系膜动脉栓塞（静脉血栓形成）］•duodental (gastric， small intestinal） diverticulum (diverticulitis）［十二指肠(胃、小肠）憩室（炎）]•prolapse of gastric mucosa[胃粘膜脱垂症］•benign （malignant） tumor of small intestine［小肠良（恶）性肿瘤］•carcinoid of small intestine［小肠类癌]•colic polyposis［结肠息肉病］•intestinal fistula［肠瘘］•actue simple （suppurative, gangrenous) appendicitis[急性单纯性(化脓性，坏疽性）阑尾炎］•congenital megacolon ［先天性巨结肠］•anal fissure (fistula)［肛裂（瘘)］•perianal abscess［肛周脓肿］•cryptitis［隐窝炎]•external (internal） hemorrhoids［外（内)痔］•prolapse （polyp, carcinoma）of rectum[直肠脱垂（息肉，癌)］•Crohn`s disease［克隆病］•cavernous hemangioma（carcinoma) of liver［肝海绵状血管瘤(癌）］•portal hypertension［门脉高压］•acute (chronic) cholecystitis［急（慢)性胆囊炎］•cholelithiasis (choledocholithiasis）［胆囊（胆总管)结石]•stone in intrahepatic bile duct [肝内胆管结石］•acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis［急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎］•ascariasis of the biliary t ract［胆道蛔症]•carcinoma of gallbladder (bile duct)［胆囊（胆管）癌］•acute （chronic） pancreatitis［急(慢）性胰腺炎］•ede matous （hemorrhagic necrotizing） pancreatitis[水肿性(出血坏死性）胰腺炎］•cyst (carcinoma) of pancreas［胰腺囊肿（癌）］•rupture of spleen［脾破裂]•abscess (cyst) of spleen［脾脓肿（囊肿）］•splenomegaly and hypersplenism［脾肿大和脾亢］•aneurysm［动脉瘤］•arteriovenous fistula［动静脉瘘］•varicose vein (lymphedema) of lower extremity［下肢静脉曲张（淋巴水肿）］•phlebothrombosis （thrombophlebitis)［静脉血栓形成（血栓性静脉炎）］•thromboangitis obliterans ［血栓闭塞性脉管炎］•Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病］。

甲状腺疾病ppt课件

TSH受体刺激性抗体
(TSHR stimulating antibodies, TSAb)
TSH受体刺激阻断性抗体
自身免疫
Autoimmunity (TSHR blocking antibodies, TSBAb)
– TSH受体抗体
(Autoantibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor, TRAb)
TH
Releasing too much
Disruption of the thyroid follicles
甲状腺毒症的原因
Causes of thyrotoxicosis
最常见原因
Hyperthyrotoxicosis
– 弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿
(Graves Diseases, GD)
– 多结节性毒性甲状腺肿
– 明显消瘦、乏力 – 心悸 – 腹泻、厌食 – 神志淡漠、震颤、头晕
T3型甲状腺毒症（ T3 Toxicosis）
TSH↓，TT3 ↑ ，FT3↑，TT4、FT4正常见于：Graves病、毒性结节性甲状腺肿、
自主高功能腺瘤，老年人多见
亚临床甲亢
（Subclinical Hyperthyroidisห้องสมุดไป่ตู้）
优点：甲亢的基础治疗方便、经济、较安
缺点：疗程长（一般1~2年，有时数年）停药复发率高达50%~60% 伴发肝损害、粒细胞减少（或缺乏）
甲状腺毒症表现
Manifestations of thyrotoxicosis
甲状腺肿
Enlarged thyroid gland
眼征
Eye signs
甲状腺毒症表现
Manifestations of thyrotoxicosis

各种疾病的英文

各种疾病的英文PART1:=各种疾病的英文=咳嗽coughing 肝炎hepatitis 癌症cancer 心脏病heart disease/attack Acidosis 酸中毒Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚—斯氏综合症alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒alkalosis 碱中毒anaphylaxis 过敏症anemia 贫血iron deficie ncy an emia 缺铁性贫血megaloblastic an emia 巨幼红细胞性贫血aplastic an emia 再生障碍性贫血an giitis脉管炎angina pectoris 心绞痛arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化apoplexy 中风auricular fibrillati on 心房纤颤auriculo-ve ntricular block 房室传导阻滞bron chial asthma 支气管哮喘bron chitis 支气管炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bron chop neum onia 支气管肺炎carcinoma 癌cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊舌L cardiac failure 心力衰竭cardiomyopathy 心肌病cirrhosis 肝硬化coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症diabetes 糖尿病diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血dyse ntery 痢疾enteritis 肠炎gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastritis 胃炎gout 痛风hepatitis 肝炎Hodgkin's disease 霍奇金病hyperlipemia高脂血症，血脂过多hyperparathyroidism甲状旁腺功能亢进hypersple nism 脾功能亢进hypertension 高血压hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进hypoglycemia 低血糖hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退in fectiveen docarditis 感染性心内膜炎in flue nza 流感leukemia 白血病lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphoma 淋巴瘤malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良measles 麻疹myeloma 骨髓瘤myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocarditis 心肌炎nephritis 肾炎nephritic syndrome 肾综合症obstructive pulm onary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿pancreatitis 胰腺炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡peritonitis 腹膜炎pleuritis 胸膜炎pneumonia 肺炎pneumothorax 气胸purpura 紫癜allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜thrombocytolytic purpura血小板减少性紫癜pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎renal failure肾功能衰竭rheumatic fever 风湿病rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症syphilis 梅毒tachycardia 心动过速tumour 肿瘤typhoid 伤寒ulcerativecolitis 溃疡性结肠炎upper gastr oin testi nal hemorrhage 上消化道血Neurology 神经科brain abscess 脑脓肿cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血con cussi on of brain脑震荡craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤epilepsy癫痫intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤in tracra nial hematoma 颅内血肿meningitis 脑膜炎migraine 偏头痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱neurosis 神经官能症paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病Parki nso n's disease 帕金森综合症psychosis 精神病schizophrenia 精神分裂症Surgery 夕卜科abdominal externalhernia 腹外疝acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎acute pan creatitis A急性胰腺炎acute perforati on of gastro-duode nal ulcer 急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孑L acute pyel on ephritis急性肾盂肾炎anal fissure 肛裂analfistula 肛工痿anesthesia 麻醉angioma 血管瘤appendicitis 阑尾炎bleeding ofgastro-duode nal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤breast adenoma 孚L 房腺瘤burn 烧伤cancer of breast 乳腺癌carbuncle 痈carcinoma of colon 结肠炎carc in oma of esophagus 食管癌carc in oma of gallbladder 胆囊癌carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌carcinoma of stomach 胃癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎cervical spondylosis颈椎病choledochitis胆管炎cholelithiasis 胆石症chondroma软骨瘤dislocation of joint 关节脱位erysipelas 丹毒fracture 骨折furuncle 疖hemorrhoid 痔hemothorax 血胸hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核lipoma 脂肪瘤lithangiuria 尿路结石liver abscess 肝脓肿melanoma 黑色素瘤osseous tuberculosis 骨结核osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Paget's disease 佩吉特病perianorecrtal abscess 肛管直肠周围脓肿phlegmon 蜂窝织炎portal hyperte nsion 门静脉高压prostatitis 前列腺炎protrusion of in tervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purule ntarthritis 化脓性关节炎pyoge nic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎pyothorax 脓胸rectal polyp 直肠息肉rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎rupture of splee n脾破裂scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tetanus 破伤风thromboa ngiitis 血栓性脉管炎thyroidade no care inoma 甲状腺腺癌thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trauma 创伤urinary infection 泌尿系感染varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 丿儿科acute militarytuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute n ecrotic en teritis 急性坏死性结肠炎an aphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜ancylostomiasis 钩虫病ascariasis 蛔虫病asphyxia of the n ewbor n 新生儿窒息atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损birth injury 产伤cephalhematoma 头颅血肿cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈convulsion 惊厥Dow n's syn drome 唐氏综合症glomerul on ephritis 肾小球肾炎hemophilia 血友病infan tile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻intracranial hemorrhage of the n ewbor n 新生儿颅内出血in tussuscepti on肠套叠necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎neon atal jau ndice新生儿黄疸nu triti on al iron deficie ncyan emia 营养性缺铁性贫血n utritio nal megaloblastic an emia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血pate nt ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎prematureinfant 早产儿primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核progressive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良pulm onary ste no sis肺动脉狭窄purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎rickets 佝偻病sepsis of the n ewbor n 新生儿败血症teta nus of thenewborn 新生儿破伤风tetralogy of Fallot法洛四联症thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎varicella 水痘ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Gyn ecology and Obstetrics 妇，产科aborti on 流产ade no myosis 子宫内膜异位症amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Bartholin's cyst 巴氏腺囊肿carcinoma ofcervix 子宫颈癌carcinoma ofendometrium 子宫内膜癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cervicitis 宫颈炎chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿dystocia 难产eclampsia 子痫edema-protei nu ria-hyperte nsion syndrome 水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征）en dometriosis 子宫内膜异位症extrauteri ne preg nancy 子宫外孕hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐in fertility 不育症irregular menstruation 月经失调lochia 恶露monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠myoma ofuterus 子宫肿瘤oligohydramnios 羊水过少ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎placentaprevia 前置胎盘placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离pregnancy-hypertension syn drome 妊娠高血压综合症prematurebirth 早产premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破postpartumhemorrhage 产后出血puerperal infection产褥感染rupture of uterus 子宫破裂trichom onas vagi nitis 滴虫性阴道炎uteroplace ntal apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中vulvitis 夕卜阴炎Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia弱视amygdalitis, tonsillitis 扁桃体炎astigmatism 散光carcinoma of nasopharynx 鼻咽癌carcinoma of larynx喉癌cataract 白内障tinnitus 耳鸣chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿colour blindness 色盲deflection of nasalseptum 鼻中隔偏曲deafness 聋furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖glaucoma 青光眼heterotropia 斜视hyperopia 远视injury of cornea 角膜损伤ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞iritis 虹膜炎keratitis 角膜炎labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎laryn gitis 喉炎PART2:=用英语描述疾病=⑴一般病情:He feels headache, n ausea and vomiti ng.（他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。

甲状腺疾病常见术语

甲状腺疾病常见术语A ITD: autoimmune throid disease: 自身免疫性甲状腺病Apathetic hyperthyroidism: 淡漠型甲状腺功能亢进症APC: antigen presenting cells 抗原递呈细胞AT: atrophi thyroiditis 萎缩性甲状腺炎ATA: 美国甲状腺学会ATD: antithyroid drugs 抗甲状腺药物B riut征:C arbinmazole 卡比马唑Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: 慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎Cretinism:呆小病D e Quervain’s 甲状腺炎：Diffuse goiter:弥漫性甲状腺肿E GO: euthyroid Graves ophthalmopathy 甲状腺功能正常型Graves 眼病Endermic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿ESS:euthyroid sick syndrome 低T3综合征F T3: 血清游离T3FT4:血清游离T4G AG: glycosaminoglycan 葡胺聚糖Giant cell thyroiditis: 巨细胞性甲状腺炎GO: Graves ophthalmopathy . Graves眼病Goiter :甲状腺肿Granulomatous thyroiditis: 肉芽肿性甲状腺炎Graves disease :Graves 病，弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿, GD，Basedow病，parry病。

H ashitoxicosis: 桥本甲状腺毒症Hcy: homocystein 同型半胱氨酸Hyperthyroidism:甲状腺功能亢进症，甲亢Hypothyroidism: 甲状腺功能减退症HT: hashimoto thyroiditis: 桥本甲状腺炎I CMA: immunochemilu-minometric assay 免疫化学发光法IDD: iodine deficiency disorders 碘缺乏病IFN-γ：干扰素γIIH：碘致甲状腺功能亢进瘤IL-2: 白介素2J offroy 征:L-T4:左甲状腺素L-T3: L-三碘甲状原氨酸M MI: methimazole 甲硫氧嘧啶Mobius 征:MUI：尿碘中位数N IS: sodium iodide symporter钠碘转运蛋白Nodular goiter :结节性甲状腺肿O ntoxic goiter ：非毒性甲状腺肿P endred综合征Plummer disease: 甲状腺自主高功能腺瘤PPT: postpartum thyroiditis 产后甲状腺炎Primary hypothyroidism: 原发性甲状腺功能减退症PTU: propylthiouracil 丙硫氧嘧啶RAI: radioactive iodine 放射碘治疗Rate-related heart failure:心率相关性心力衰竭RIA:放射免疫法S chmidt综合征:Secondary hypothyroidism: 继发性甲状腺功能减退症Simple goiter：单纯性甲状腺肿Sporadic goiter 散发性甲状腺肿Stellwag 征:Subacute thyroiditis: 亚急性甲状腺炎T AO: thyroid – associated ophthalmopathy 甲状腺相关性眼病= GOTBII:TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin . TSH结合抑制性免疫蛋白= TRAb TBG:thyoxine binding globulin 甲状腺激素结合球蛋白Tertiary hypothyroidism: 三发行甲状腺功能减退症Tg: 血清甲状腺球蛋白TgAb:thyroglobulin antibodies 。

各种疾病的英文

PART1:〓各种疾病的英文〓咳嗽coughing 肝炎hepatitis 癌症cancer 心脏病heart disease/attackAcidosis 酸中毒Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚－斯氏综合症alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒alkalosis 碱中毒anaphylaxis 过敏症anemia 贫血iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞性贫血aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血angiitis 脉管炎angina pectoris 心绞痛arteriosclerosis动脉硬化apoplexy 中风auricular fibrillation 心房纤颤auriculo-ventricularblock 房室传导阻滞bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchitis 支气管炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎carcinoma 癌cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊乱cardiac failure 心力衰竭cardiomyopathy 心肌病cirrhosis 肝硬化coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症diabetes 糖尿病diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血dysentery 痢疾enteritis 肠炎gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastritis 胃炎gout 痛风hepatitis 肝炎Hodgkin's disease霍奇金病hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进hypersplenism 脾功能亢进hypertension 高血压hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进hypoglycemia 低血糖hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退infectiveendocarditis 感染性心内膜炎influenza 流感leukemia 白血病lobar pneumonia大叶性肺炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphoma 淋巴瘤malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良measles 麻疹myeloma 骨髓瘤myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocarditis 心肌炎nephritis 肾炎nephritic syndrome 肾综合症obstructive pulmonary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿pancreatitis 胰腺炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡peritonitis 腹膜炎pleuritis 胸膜炎pneumonia 肺炎pneumothorax 气胸purpura 紫癜allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜thrombocytolytic purpura 血小板减少性紫癜pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎renalfailure 肾功能衰竭rheumatic fever 风湿病rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症syphilis 梅毒tachycardia 心动过速tumour 肿瘤typhoid 伤寒ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎uppergastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道血Neurology 神经科brain abscess 脑脓肿cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血concussion of brain 脑震荡craniocerebralinjury 颅脑损伤epilepsy 癫痫intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿meningitis 脑膜炎migraine 偏头痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱neurosis 神经官能症paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病Parkinson's disease 帕金森综合症psychosis 精神病schizophrenia 精神分裂症Surgery 外科abdominal external hernia 腹外疝acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎acutemastitis 急性乳腺炎acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎acute perforation ofgastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎anal fissure 肛裂anal fistula 肛瘘anesthesia 麻醉angioma 血管瘤appendicitis 阑尾炎bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤breast adenoma 乳房腺瘤burn 烧伤cancer of breast 乳腺癌carbuncle 痈carcinoma of colon 结肠炎carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌carcinoma ofstomach 胃癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎cervical spondylosis 颈椎病choledochitis胆管炎cholelithiasis 胆石症chondroma 软骨瘤dislocation of joint 关节脱位erysipelas 丹毒fracture 骨折furuncle 疖hemorrhoid 痔hemothorax 血胸hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核lipoma 脂肪瘤lithangiuria 尿路结石liver abscess 肝脓肿melanoma 黑色素瘤osseous tuberculosis 骨结核osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Paget's disease 佩吉特病perianorecrtal abscess 肛管直肠周围脓肿phlegmon 蜂窝织炎portal hypertension 门静脉高压prostatitis 前列腺炎protrusion of intervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purulent arthritis 化脓性关节炎pyogenic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎pyothorax 脓胸rectal polyp 直肠息肉rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎rupture of spleen 脾破裂scapulohumeral periarthritis肩周炎tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tetanus 破伤风thromboangiitis 血栓性脉管炎thyroid adenocarcinoma 甲状腺腺癌thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trauma 创伤urinary infection 泌尿系感染varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 儿科acute military tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute necrotic enteritis 急性坏死性结肠炎anaphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜ancylostomiasis 钩虫病ascariasis 蛔虫病asphyxia of the newborn 新生儿窒息atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损birth injury 产伤cephalhematoma 头颅血肿cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈convulsion 惊厥Down's syndrome 唐氏综合症glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎hemophilia 血友病infantile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn 新生儿颅内出血intussusception 肠套叠necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸nutritional iron deficiency anemia 营养性缺铁性贫血nutritional megaloblastic anemia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎premature infant 早产儿primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核progressive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎rickets 佝偻病sepsis of the newborn 新生儿败血症tetanus of the newborn 新生儿破伤风tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎varicella 水痘ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Gynecology and Obstetrics 妇，产科abortion 流产adenomyosis 子宫内膜异位症amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Bartholin's cyst巴氏腺囊肿carcinoma of cervix 子宫颈癌carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cervicitis 宫颈炎chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿dystocia 难产eclampsia 子痫edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome 水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征）endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症extrauterine pregnancy 子宫外孕hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐infertility 不育症irregular menstruation 月经失调lochia 恶露monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠myoma of uterus 子宫肿瘤oligohydramnios 羊水过少ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎placenta previa 前置胎盘placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离pregnancy-hypertension syndrome 妊娠高血压综合症premature birth 早产premature rupture ofmembrane 胎膜早破postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血puerperal infection 产褥感染rupture of uterus 子宫破裂trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中vulvitis 外阴炎Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia 弱视amygdalitis, tonsillitis 扁桃体炎astigmatism 散光carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌carcinoma of larynx 喉癌cataract 白内障tinnitus 耳鸣chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿colour blindness 色盲deflection of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲deafness 聋furuncle ofnasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖glaucoma 青光眼heterotropia 斜视hyperopia 远视injury of cornea 角膜损伤ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞iritis 虹膜炎keratitis角膜炎labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎laryngitis 喉炎PART2:〓用英语描述疾病〓(1) 一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。

【详解】桥本甲状腺炎（Hashimotothyroiditis，HT）

【详解】桥本甲状腺炎（Hashimotothyroiditis，HT）桥本甲状腺炎（Hashimoto thyroiditis，HT）⼜称慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎，是⾃⾝免疫甲状腺炎的经典类型。

本病⼥性发病率是男性的3~4倍，⾼发年龄在30~50岁。

是甲状腺炎中最常见的⼀种。

病因HT甲状腺滤泡破坏的直接原因的甲状腺细胞凋亡。

浸润的淋巴细胞有T细胞和B细胞，表达Fas-L。

T细胞在甲状腺⾃⾝抗原的刺激下刺激下释放细胞因⼦，由于参与的细胞因⼦都来源于Th1细胞，所以HT被认为是Th1细胞导致的免疫损伤。

TPOAb和TgAb都具有固定补体和细胞毒作⽤，也参与甲状腺细胞的损伤。

特别是TSH受体刺激阻断性抗体（TPOAb）占据TSH受体，促进了甲状腺功能低下。

病理HT甲状腺坚硬、肿⼤。

正常的滤泡结构⼴泛的被浸润的淋巴细胞、浆细胞及其淋巴细胞、浆细胞及其淋巴⽣发中⼼代替。

甲状腺滤泡孤⽴，呈⼩⽚状，滤泡变⼩、萎缩，其内胶质稀疏。

残余的滤泡上⽪细胞增⼤，胞质嗜酸性染⾊，称为Askanazy细胞。

这些细胞代表损伤性上⽪细胞的⼀种特性。

纤维化程度不等，间质内可见淋巴细胞浸润。

发⽣甲减时，90%的甲状腺滤泡被破坏。

临床表现甲状腺肿⼤，呈弥漫性，表⾯光滑，质地较硬，⽆痛，与周围组织不粘连，不累及喉返神经。

⼤部分患者⽆明显⾃觉症状，或伴有甲状腺功能亢进、甲状腺功能减低⽽表现出⼀系列症状，腺体显著增⼤时可出现压迫症状。

实验室检查甲状腺功能正常时，TPOAb和TgAb滴度显著增⾼，是具有意义的诊断指标。

发⽣甲状腺功能损害时，可出现亚临床甲减（⾎清TSH增⾼，TT4、FT4正常）和临床甲减（⾎清TSH增⾼，⾎清TT4、FT4减低）。

131I摂取率减低，甲状腺扫描核素分布不均，可见“冷结节”。

因桥本病发病率越来越⾼，临床相对缺乏警觉导致20%患者遗留永久性甲减。

通过以下的病例让我们从影像的⾓度认识⼀下该病：病例⼀基本病史：⼥性患者，55岁，间断颈部疼痛12年，发现⾎糖升⾼3年，咳嗽、⽓促3⽉。

【内科学试题及答案】甲状腺疾病

【内科学试题及答案】甲状腺疾病甲状腺疾病习题Translate and explanate:1.hyperthyroidism2.TSH receptor antibody3.hyperthyroidic heart disease4.subclinical hyperthyroidism5.apathetic hyperthyroidismQuestion and answer:1.Please explanate the three types of TSH receptor antibodies.2.Please state the three thyroid antibodies occuring in Graves disease,3. Which of the two antibodies can be used as a sign of Graves ophthalmopathy activities?4. what is the Induced factors of Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis ?5. what is characterized of Hematopoietic system when hyperthyroidism?6.Which causes can make thyroid-hormone bindingimmunoglobulins change,7. what is the most sensitive indicator to reflect Thyroid function?1318. Which diseases were been found that the uptake rate of Iincrease or reduce (Give an example respectivly) ? 9.What is the diagnosis stantard for hyperthyroidism,10. What are the adverse reactions of Antithyroid drugs? 11.What is the mechanism of thyroid crisis,12. What are the main inducement of Hyperthyroidism crisis? Statements:1. what of clinical manifestations of Graves Simple ocular symptoms?2.Please state the peculiar clinical features and types of Graves disease,3.W hat is indications of Antithyroid drug treatment?4.what are kinds and action mechanism of Antithyroid drug? Given two representatives of drugs respectivly5.What are the clinical features of thyroid crisis,6.Please state the salvage principle of thyroid crisis,单选题:1. TSH receptor is a kind of G-protein-coupled receptor family ,and composed by __ amino acid .A.544B.644C.744D.844E.444 2. The highest positive rate of antibody in patients with GravesA.TPOAbB.TgAb C . TRAb D.NIS E.TSBAb3. The antibody that could reflect the disease activity markers in blood circulation of patients with Graves ophthalmopathyA. D.针对眼外肌的抗体B. TRAbC. TPOAbD. TgAb4. The most common disorders of the heart rate in patients withhyperthyroidismA.心房颤动B.室性早博C.房室传导阻滞D.交界性早博E.室速5. The age of morbidity of thyrotoxic periodic paralysisA.40-50岁B.50-60岁C.60-70岁D.20-40岁E.10-20岁6. Mild degree of hyperthyroidism exophthalmos in general does not exceed A.16mm B.18mm C.20mm D.22mm7. The sequence relations of occurrence of hyperthyroidism and Graves ophthalmopathyA.45%两者同时发生B.43%两者同时发生C.45%甲亢先于Graves眼病发生D.46%甲亢先于Graves眼病发生E.47%甲亢先于Graves眼病发生8. Serum ___is a reflection of the most sensitive indicator of thyroid functionA. FTB.FTC.TSHD. TRAb 3 4E. TgAb9. what is hyperthyroidism drug therapy adverse reactions?A.粒细胞减少B.皮疹C.中毒性肝炎D.血管神经性水肿E.急性关节炎10. The preferred choose drug is given during the full pregnancyA.丙基硫氧嘧啶B.甲基硫氧嘧啶C.他巴唑D.甲亢平E.心得安11. Thyrotoxic crisis is the most commonly found A. 甲亢口服药治疗时 B. 甲亢合并感染时 C. 妊娠期甲亢 D.淡漠型甲亢 E. 甲亢手术治疗后 12. the main clinical manifestations of thyrotoxic crisis :A. 呕吐、腹泻、脱水、休克、心慌气短B. 心率加速、血压增高、脉压增大C 高热、脉率快、焦虑、大汗、呕吐、失水、休克 D.肺水肿、全身浮肿E 心慌、心率略快、血压下降、体温略高多选题:1. The thyroid antibodies related with Graves disease A . TRAb B.TB?C.TPOAbD.TgAbE.TSBAb 2. The antibodies as a sign of disease activity in patients with GravesophthalmopathyA. TPOAbB. TgAbC.针对眶后成纤维细胞的自身抗体D.针对眼外肌的自身抗体E. TRAb3. the performance of cardiovascular system when hyperthyroidism A.心悸气短 B.第一心音亢进 C.房颤多见 D.脉压差大 E.收缩压升高4. the performance of hematopoietic system whenhyperthyroidism A.淋巴细胞比例增加 B.单核细胞增加 C.白细胞总数减低D.可伴发血小板减少性紫癜E.白细胞总数增加5.The diagnosis of hyperthyroidismA.高代谢症状和体征B.甲状腺肿伴或不伴血管杂音C.血清FT增高 4D.TSH减低E.高代谢体征6. The diagnosis of Graves disease A.甲亢诊断成立 B.甲状腺肿大成弥漫性 C.伴浸润性突眼D. TRAb 和TSAb阳性E.胫前粘液性水肿7. Hyperthyroidism and thyroiditis-induced thyrotoxicosis resultingin leakage of thyroid hormone-induced identification131 A.病史 B.甲状腺体征 C.I摄碘率 D.FT)FT 34E.ECT8. Inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone drugA.硫脲类B.咪唑类C.β-受体阻滞剂D.激素E.碘剂9. Indication for drug treatment of hyperthyroidism A.孕妇 B.术前准备 C.年龄,20岁 D.甲状腺轻中度肿大 E.压迫症状10. Adverse effects of drug treatment of hyperthyroidismA.粒细胞减少B.皮疹C.中毒性肝炎D.胆汁淤积性黄疸 E.急性关节炎11. The characteristic of Hyperthyroidism crisis131A. 多见于感染，各种应急时 B. 最常见于I治疗的后期 C. 可能与交感神经兴奋有关D. 心率一般在120~140次/分E. 可伴心衰和肺水肿甲状腺疾病习题答案一、单选题答案1.C2.C3.A4.A5.D6.B7.B8.B9.E 10.A 11.B 12.C二、多选题答案1.ABCDE2.CD3.ABCDE4.ABCD5.ABCDE6.ABCDE7.ABCDE 8.AB 9.ABCDE 10.ABCDE 11. ACE三)名词解释答案:1.简称甲亢，是指甲状腺腺体本身产生甲状腺激素过多而引起的甲状腺毒症，其病因包括弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿、结节性毒性甲状腺肿和甲状腺自主高功能腺瘤。

普外科常见疾病中英文对照表1

胆管炎性狭窄
Cholangitis stenosis
胆源性肝脓肿
Biliary liver abscesses
胆囊息肉样变
Polypoid lesions of Gallbladder
胆囊癌
Carcinoma of gallbladder
胆管癌
Carcinoma of bile duct
上消化道大出血
肝肿瘤
Tumor of liver
原发性肝癌
Primaryliver cancer
继发性肝癌
Secondaryliver cancer
肝良性肿瘤
Benign tumor of liver
肝囊肿
Cyst of liver
门静脉高压
Portal hypertension
Budd-chiari综合症
Budd-chiari syndrome
急性化脓性腹膜炎
Acutepurulentperitonitis
急性弥漫性腹膜炎
Acute diffuseperitonitis
腹腔脓肿
Abdominal abscess
膈下脓肿
Subphrenic abscess
盆腔脓肿
Pelvic abscess
肠间脓肿
Interloop abscess
胃十二指肠溃疡
肠扭转
volvulus
肠套叠
Intussusception
短肠综合征
Short bowel syndrome
肠息肉
Intestinal polyps
肠息肉病
Intestinal polyposis
小肠肿瘤
Small Intestinal tumor

甲状腺肿英文

Circulating T4 and T3

Thyroid hormones exist in two forms, free and protein bound the free hormone concentration determines the thyroid status irrespective of the total plasma concentration the total hormone is determined by thyroxine-binding globin (TGB) and albumin.
Nontoxic goiter (simple goiter): euthyroid甲状腺机能正常的
Classification: endemic sporadic compensatory Toxic goiter: hyperthyroidism
Diagnosis thyroid gland intumescence 肿大 (diffuse or/and nodular)，the

Serum thyrotropin Anatomic evaluation of the thyroid gland
The thyroid scan Thyroid ultrasound Needle biopsy Other tests specifically related to thyroid function or disease
Anti-thyroid antibodies thyroid microsomal antibody (TMAb) thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) thyroid TSH receptor (TRAb’s)

甲状腺(英文版)

extent, bone formation
Байду номын сангаас
The Effects of the Thyroid Hormones
Carbohydrate metabolism: ↑ liver gluconeogenesis,
09 glycogenolysis, and intestinal absorption of glucose
酪氨酰
Proteolysis /,prəʊtɪ'ɒlɪsɪs/
蛋白质水解
exocytosis /,eksəʊsaɪ'təʊsɪs/ endocytosis
胞吐作用胞吞作用
Phrase
cricoid cartilage
环状软骨
autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统
fibrous connective tissue
The thyroid gland
CONTENTS
Anatomy and Histology Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion
Thyroid Hormone Transport
The Molecular Actions of the Thyroid Hormones
• The follicular cells of the thyroid gland are specialized in their ability to synthesize the large hormonal precursor protein thyroglobulin (Tg), concentrate iodide intracellularly from the circulation, and express a receptor that binds thyroidstimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH), which promotes thyrocyte's growth and biosynthetic functions.

甲状腺肿英文知识

2. drugs
能抑制碘离子的浓集或碘离子有
3. heredity
机化甲。状腺激素合成障碍
检测出一种自身抗体 “甲状腺
4. immunity 生长免疫球蛋白”可刺激甲状
腺增生肿大。
Clinical manifestations
Simple thyroid gland intumescence，usually asymptomatic，sever intumescence can cause press symptome I: diameter<3cm II: diameter 3-5 cm
Circulating T4 and T3
Thyroid hormones exist in two forms, free and protein bound
the free hormone concentration determines the thyroid status irrespective of the total plasma concentration
Differential diagnosis
Autoimmune thyroiditis：antibodies are positive Thyroid cancer
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis
Diagnosis
thyroid gland intumescence (diffuse or/and nodular)，the function of thyroid gland normal , antibodies against oneself are negative
the function of thyroid gland normal , antibodies against oneself are negative Differential diagnosis Autoimmune thyroiditis：antibodies are positive如桥本氏炎