考研英语模拟试题及答案 (3)

模拟试题[3]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS][NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections： Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(5 points)1.I don′t remember _____ the opportunity to do my scientific research work in Canada.A)having ever givenB)having ever been givenC)having ever being givenD)having ever been giving2._____ you made adequate preparations,you might have answered all these questions.A)IfB)WhenC)UnlessD)Had3.By the end of the century personal computers _____ in most families in China.A)will be usedB)will have usedC)will have been usedD)will have been using4.At the meeting he brought forward a motion that each evening all television broadcastingin China _____ by law.A)be prohibitedB)is to be prohibitedC)has been prohibitedD)should have been prohibited5.Men differ from wild beasts _____ they have beautiful thoughts and they can express theirthoughts in clear and fitting language.A)so thatB)but thatC)in thatD)provided that6.The young teacher was advised _____ indulge in self glorification.A)not toB)to notC)do notD)never7._____ he disliked that task,he had to manage to accomplish it in time.A)As muchB)Much asC)Much thoughD)Much that8.It was what you heard _____ what I said.A)other thanB)better thanC)less thanD)rather than9.Electricity is to the agriculture _____ blood is to the body.A)likeB)thatC)whichD)what10.One of the fluids flows through the outside pipe,the other through the inside pipe,withheat exchange _____ .A)taken place through the wallB)having taken through the wallC)having been taken through the wallD)taking place through the wallSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D)Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets,(5 points)11.Whoever (A) turned in the last test (B) did not put (C) their (D) name on the paper.12.Either the faculty of law or the faculty of education in our university requires (A) thatthe students must write (B) a thesis in order to graduate (C) with a mas ter′s(D) degree.13.These animals that they (A) belong to (B) the cat family are (C) quite varied in their(D) size and weight.14.No other (A) quality is more important for (B) a student to acquire as (C) to studydiligently (D) .15.Some ways to prevent soil erosion (A) are (B) plowing parallel with (C) the slops of hills,to plant (D) tress on unproductive land,and rotating crops.16.The boy won′t allow (A) his sister to play with (B) his toy because he is afraid if (C)she will forget (D) to bring it back..17.The woman in (A) a fur coat was identified as (B) an old and trusted associate (C) ofthe Prime Minister′s. (D)18.It is (A) reported that eighty thousands (B) Paris workers were (C) out on strike (D)in1995.19.His wife did not (A) approve of him to go (B) to the banquet without dressing (C) fomally(D) .20.She did (A) so well in her performance today that (B) she should have rehearsed (C) itmany times this past week (D) .Section CDirections：Beneath each of the following sentences,there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)21.While I am on holiday,give me a call at my hotel only if there are any _____ messagesfor me.A)urgentB)hastyC)earlyD)valuable22.The shop doesn′t have any blue shirts in _____ at the moment,but they expect to havesome tomorrow.A)keepB)stockC)saleD)trade23.The clerk asked me to _____ my name and adress in capital letters so that they could beread more easily.A)markB)clearC)printD)describe24.The false banknote fooled many people,but finally they did not _____ to close examination.A)keep upB)put upC)pay upD)stand up25.Everybody _____ be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A)can ont helpB)can not help himselfC)can not help butD)can not help himself to26. A considerable amount of time and money has been invested in _____ this latestvideocassette recorder.A)affectingB)effectingC)infectingD)perfecting27.After careful deliberation the shareholders voted to _____ the suggestion to merge smallfirms into a large company.A)trampB)rejectC)utterD)yield28.Although we have made frequent attempts to contact his relatives,we have so far been _____ .A)unsuccessfulB)unavailingC)unbendingD)undeniable29.There is no _____ that the new price and anti inflation policy has been in any waydisastrous.A)indignationB)indicationC)indecisionD)induction30.In some parts of the world the native population has been completely _____ .A)wiped upB)wiped awayC)wiped outD)wiped off31.After liberation all the workers in our country are _____ free medical care.A)entitled toB)involved inC)associated withD)assigned to32.Would it be possible to make an early _____ to have a tooth pulled tomorrow?A)arrangementB)engagementC)equipmentD)appointment33.We regret to inform you that it is impossible to meet the revised _____ dates for thegoods you recently ordered from us.A)deliveryB)serviceC)carriageD)arrival34._____ the question of birth control at the next committee meeting.A)bring aboutring upC)bring roundbring off35.Some children are not accustomed to _____ their toys with others.A)spreadingB)dividingC)sharingD)distributing36.We would contact your nearest relative _____ any accident occurring.A)on account ofB)in the matter ofC)at the mercy ofD)in the event of37.He′ll never commit himself.He′ll just _____ until everyone else has given his opinion.A)hide under the tableB)wait in the rainC)sleep in the shadowD)sit on the fence38.When I came through the customs at the airport,I had to pay _____ on a video camera Ihad bought in Japan.A)taxesB)dutyC)finesD)allowance39.When he applied for a _____ in the offices of the state university he was told to seethe president.A)workB)careerC)situationD)duty40.We`ve been sitting here doing nothing about it for days.It′s time we _____ the problem.A)got to grips withB)shook hands withC)got to brass tacks withD)reached the bottom ofPart Ⅱ Cloze TestDirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(10 points)Every week a van pulls out of an ordinary looking workshop in a run down Notting ham back street carrying a varied load slides for playgroups,hand made desks and leisure materials for handicapped children.But though the commercial cost of having these made individually would (41) the customers to (42) ,the Beaver workshop′s main aim is much more than simply (43) their needs at cost.The volunteers who spend a 60 day stint (限制)doing woodwork and joinery are,first and foremost,there to learn (44) a job. This unique workshop takes men who have been (45) an average of two years and for a variety of reasons.Most have struggled to get a job any job in an area of declining industry.(46) have in common,according to Beaver manager John Lowe,a former civil engineer,is a lack of identity_the legacy of long term unemployment. (47) jobs they have done in the past,it′s as though they had never been employed.They lose confidence (48) .It′s easy for the rest of us to say someone should be able to go on and on looking for work but when you have been turned down time after time it reinforces your hopeless view of yourself.Most of them who agree (49) in the project have been recommended by probation officers or hostel managers and virtually all of them stick it out.The first assessment of their success rate afterwards suggests that at least 60% have got a job within months of leaving, (50) the fact that those with a prison record feel obliged to tell their prospective employers.41.A)void B)prevent C)make possibleD)make it impossible for42.A)afford them at all B)afford all them C)pay them at all D)pay all them43.A)the supplying B)to supply them C)to supply to them D)to supply44.A)applying to B)applying for C)how to applyD)how to apply for45.A)out of work for B)out of work since C)outside work for D)at work since46.A)Which they all B)Which all they C)What they allD)What all they47.A)No matter how B)No matter what C)No matter which D)No matter when48.A)for themselves B)by themselves C)in themselvesD)on themselves49.A)to take part B)to take place C)to take heart D)to take confidence50.A)in spite B)despite C)althoughD)howeverPart III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points)Passage 1The liturgical (礼拜仪式的)chants of the Russian and other Slavic Orthodox(正统的)Churches demonstrate a unique blend of traditions and are quite different from those of many other branches of Eastern Orthodoxy.Although the earliest Sources of Slavic chants were the Byzantine chants brought by missionaries nearly a thousand years ago,the Byzantine originals gradually underwent further development in the Slavic lands.What emerged was a combination of East and West the original Byzantine models redefined in Slavic terms,tempered by the Slavic choral tradition,and much influenced by Western European ideas of rhythm and harmony.It is the combination that makes Slav chants so different from those of Greeks,Syrians,and others from areas closer to the Byzantine homeland.The chants of the Slav Churches,like those of other Orthodox traditions,are based on sets of eight “tones” melodic patterns of which there are many different types and many different variations.Unlike many other chant forms,however,those of Slavic Orthodoxy are harmonized.In addition to chants,the Slav Churches also permit use of freely composed music;the Western influence is even more strongly seen in this area.Many of the religious works of such Slavic composers as Tchaikovsky,Arkhangelsky,Lvov,Bortniansky,Tcheshnokov,Rachmaninov,and even Stravinsky were originally written for use in Russian and other Slavic Orthodox Churches.51.The point the author of this passage is trying to make is that _____ .A)Slavic church music is performed without accompanimentB)Slavic church music is European in origin,not ByzantineC)Slavic church music is largely unaffected by European influenceD)Slavic church music has been influenced by both the East and the West52.In the opinion of the author,the liturgical chants of the Slavic Orthodox Church are _____ .A)Byzantine chants which have been harmonizedB)based on freely composed music written by Tchaikowsky.Arknangelsky,and othersC)basically Byzantine chants which were greatly influenced by contact with WesternEuropean music nearly 1000 years agoD)a type of Byzantine chant which has been changed through the influence of Slavic andWestern European musical traditions53.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage you have just read?A)“Charting the Changes in Byzantine Church Chant”B)“Slavic Church Music:A Marriage of East and West”C)“Aspects of Free Composition in the Slavic Tones”D)“The Liturgical Chants of the Russian Orthodox”54.Which of the following generalizations could be made,based on the information found inthe passage?A)Slavic liturgical chants are a result of the variety of factors which influencedByzantine Church music in the Slavic lands.B)The development of Byzantine chant in the Slavic lands has been recent,sudden,anddramaticC)The works of such composers asTchailkovsky,Arknangelsky,Lvov,Bortiansky,Tcheshnorov,Rachmaninov,and Stravinsky have been greatly influenced by Byzantine chant.D)Although slavic shant has developed over a preiod of nearly 1000 years,it is not muchdifferent now than it was in its earliest forms.55.To what does those (line 11)refer?A)rhythm and harmonyB)Slavic liturgical chantsC)Western European ideasD)Greek.Syrian.and other chant formsPassage 2Art is considered by many people to be litte more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case,however;at times,art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well.Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest;these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions,one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal,a ghost,or the dead.To counteract this evil contact,the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer”to perform a hea ling ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.During the ceremony,which may last from 2 to 9 days,the “singer”will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan(泥盖木屋).On the last day of the ceremony,the patient will sit on this s andpainting and the “singer”will rub the ailing partsof the patient′s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting.In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it.After the ceremony,the sandpainting is then destoyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singers”to their students.The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit;brown,red,yellow,and white sandstone,which is pulverized by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is ground into flour.The “singer”holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefinger onto a clean，flat surface on the floor.With a steady hand and great patience，he is thus able to create designs of stylized people,snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system.The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sandpaintings,since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this;however,such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico.These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.56.The purpose of a healing ceremony is _____ .A)to please supernatural powersB)to attact supernatural powersC)to frighten supernatural powersD)to create a sandpainting57.The “singer”rubs sand on the patient because _____ .A)the patient receives strength from the sandB)it has medical valueC)it decorates the patientD)none of the above58.What is used to produce a sandpainting?A)paintB)beach sandC)crushed sandstoneD)flour59.“This”in line 2 refers to _____ .A)artB)giving pleasureC)the feeling that art is more than a decorative means of giving pleasureD)the feeling that art is only a decorative means of giving pleasure60.The writer probably feels that most art today _____ .A)is purely decorativeB)is purely functionalC)is both decorative and functionalD)is uselessPassage 3It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan and the United States.Americans divide these areas somewhat rigidly into spirit and flesh,the two being in opposition in the life of a human being.Ideally spirit should prevail but all too often it is the flesh that does prevail.The Japanese make no such division,at least between one as good and the other as evil.They believe that a person has two souls,each necessary.One is the “gentle”soul,the other is the “rough”soul.Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul,sometimes he must use his rough soul.He does ont favor his gentle soul,neither does he fight his rough soul.Human nature in itself is good,Japanese philosophers insist,and a human being does not need to fight any part of himself.He has only to learn how to use each soul properly at the appropriate times.Virtue for the Japanese consists in fulfilling one′s obligations to others.Happy endings,either in life or in fiction,are neither necessary nor expected,since the fulfillment of duty provides the satisfying end,whatever the tragedy it inflicts.And duty includes a person′s obligations to those who have conferred benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor.He develops through this double sense of duty a self discipline which is at once permissive and rigid,depending upon the area in which it is functioning.The process of acquiring this self discipline begins in chindhood.Indeed,one may say it begins at birth…early is the Japanese child given his own identity!If I were to define in a word the attitude of the Japanese toward their childrdn I would put it in one succinct(简明的) word_“respect.”Love? Yes,abundance of love,warmly expressed from the moment he is put to his mother′s breast.For mother and child this nursing of her child is important psychologically. Rewards［are ］frequent,a bit of candy bestowed(给与) at the right m oment,an inexpensive toy… As the time［comes］…to enter school,however,discipline be ［comes］firmer…To bring shame to the family is the greatest shame for the child….What is the secret of the Japanese teaching of self discipline? It lies,I think,in the fact that the aim of all teaching is the establishment of habit.Rules are repeated over and over,and continually practiced until obedience becomes instinctive.This repetition is enhanced by the expectation of the elders.They expect a child to obey and to learn through obedience.The demand is gentle at first and tempered to the child′s tender age.It is no less gentle as time goes on,but certainly it is increasingly inexorable.Now ,far away from that warm Japanese home,I reflect upon what I learned there.What,I wonder,will take the place of the web of love and discipline which for so many centuries has surrounded the life and thinking of the people of Japan?…61.According to Japanese belief a child is born _____ .A)in sinB)amoral,neither good nor evilC)with two souls which are in combat with one anotherD)basically good62.Training of the Japanese child can best be described as _____ .A)a system of rewards and punishmentsB)frequent disciplining which becomes inexorably more severe as the child grows olderC)benevolent and indulgent during the early years,but somewhat more sevre as the childgrows olderD)almost entirely psychological63.In the teaching of self discipline the Japanese emphasize _____ .A)duty to one′s family and relationsB)early toilet training combined with restrictive movementC)heavy external control including both verbal and physical punishmentD)a permissive atmosphere almost until puberty64.The Japanese idea of virtue is _____ .A)sublimating the “rough”soul to permit ascendency of the “gentle”soulB)fulfilling one′s obligation to othersC)doing good and avoiding evilD)being friendly and courteous to all people65.To the Japanese,the aim of existence is _____ .A)the pursuit of happinessB)reward in the afterlifeC)a happy ending to one′s activi tiesD)fulfilling one′s dutyPassage 4Some of the most basic comcepts of psychololgy were defined by Sigmund Freud and two of his followers,Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung.Sigmund Freud,an Austriian neurologist(神经病学家),was the founder of psychoanalysis and,some would say,of modrn psychololgy itself.The main hypothesis of Freud′s theory is that human behavior is determined primarily by unconscious motives. These unconscious motives can be discovered through the use of free association,that is,through talking out problems with the patient.Freud′s theory of personality involved three broad areas of investigation into human behavior:structural,dynamic,and developmental.Structurally,Freud divided the human personality into id,ego,and superego.The id is the completely unconscicous part of self.It is the repository(资源)of one′s instinctual needs and drives.Freud posited that it consisted of everything psychological that was inherited.The ego is the rational aspect of the personality.It governs the impulsive needs created by the id and decides which needs can and will be satisfied according to the conditions of the environment.The superego is the conscience,the ethical(伦理的) or moral aspect of personality.It is formed by the traditional values and ideals of the society or culture in which a person is born.The superego strives for the ideal. The “conscience” part provides guilt feelings when moral values are violated.The “ego ideal” part provides feelings of pride when the self acts in consonance with tradtional values of the group.Freud′s dynamic concepts involved instict,libido,and anxiety.Generally,we term behavior as instinctive if it occurs without any apparent opportunity of its having been learned.Freud′s“instinct” differed in that it refers to an inborn bodily condition represented by “wish”and “need.”Libido is descriptive of one′s emotional or psychic energy.This energy enables life “instincts”to perform their work and is derived from primitive biological urges for example,the sex drive. Thus,the libido is usually goal directed.Anxiety,in psychological terms,is an uncontrollable state of fear often unrelated to a specific object or event.Freud′s developmental concepts included identification,displacement,defense mechanisms,and psychosexual stages. Identification labels the behavior of an individual who imitates another person or group(movie star,gangster,etc.).Displacement occurs when the instinct is blocked and the frustrated energy is then diverted to substitute objects.Defense mechanisms(repression,projection,and reaction)describe behavior reacting to relieve extreme pressure and to defend the ego.Psychosexual stages refer to the five set stages of an individual,from birth through adolescence: oral (breast sucking babyhood),anal (toilet training period),phallic(3 6years′development of sexual feelings),latancy (intermediate stage between phallic and beginning of puberty(青春期),and genital(formation of genuine relationships and the end of narcissism(自我陶醉)).Freud′s two disciples broke with the master largely over the centrality of sex in Freud′s theorizng.Alfred Adler maintained that man was more a social being than a sexual one，and that individuals are primarily motivated by social interests.Carl Jung also differed from Freud on what determines the motivation for human behavior.He stressed goal direction beyond childhood,as well as the influence of the ancestral past in such things as magic,power,and hero worship.66.Freud′s concepts included a:A)denial of instinctive behavior in animals and humans.B)belief that religion properly modled the consience so that the id could be controlled.C)belief that human behavior can be explained primarily by the unconscious motives ofindividualsD)belief that human behabior is completely controlled by the "conscience"part.67.Jung and Adler differed most with Freud over:A)what primarily motivates human behavior.B)whether dreams can interpret human behavior.C)how hypnosis is used in psychoanalysis.D)what medicine can cure neurosis.68.According to F reud′s concepts,which aspect would MOST be looked upon as the “chiefexecutive” or administrator in charge of the total personality,the rational and aware self?A)IdB)EgoC)SuperegoD)None of the above,since human behavior can be explained only as an admixture ofcircumstance of all levels of personality structure.69.According to Freud′s developmental concepts at which stage of development is theindividual LEAST likely to think of himself exclusively and outgrow what Freudcalls"narcissistic behavior"?A)OralB)AnalC)PhallicD)Genital70.If a worker fearful of talking back to an employer comes home and yells at a familymember,we have an example of Freudian:A)identificationB)displacementC)projectionD)repressionPart Ⅳ English Chinese TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)(71) Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers,whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. People think a great deal of them,so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cicies of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier.And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other contries and ruled over them as conquerors.(72) Animals fight;so do savages;hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good,but it is not to be civilized. Fighting means killing,and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side,and then saying that that side shich has killed most has won.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like.Even our own age has fought the two geratest wars in history,in which millions of people were killed or mutilated.(73) And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets——while,that is to say ,we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life——nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet,and still behave like savages. But we must not expect too much.After all,the race of men has only just started.(74) Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jelly fish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years;but there have been men for only one million years,and there have been civlized men for about eight thousand years at the outside.These figures are difficult to grasp;so let us scale them down.Suppose that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years;then the whole past of man works out at about one month,and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours.So you see there has been little time to learn in,but there will be coeans of time in which to learn better.(75) Taking man′s civilized past at about seven or eight hours,we may estimate his future,that is to say,the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth,at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the begining of its civilized life,and as I say,we must not expect too much.The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business,a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing。