Project funded by the European Community under the ‘Information Society Technologies’

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Internet of Things policy of the European Commission

Internet of Things policy of the European CommissionDr. Florent Frederix, Head of Sector D4 European CommissionThis document does not necessarily reflect any official position of the EU CommissionM2M workshop, ETSI France, October 19-20, 2010Content • IoT Policy • IoT in Framework 7 R&D– Call 7: Objective 1.3 – “Internet connected objects”IoT policyHistoryCommunication Communication June 2009Mar 2007Jun 07-Mar09Sept 2008Sept 2008Dec 2008IoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScaleIoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScaleIoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScale MobilityIoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScale Mobility Heterogeneity & Complexity1969197119802000IoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScale Mobility Heterogeneity & ComplexityIoT policyIoT – Public authorities roleThe underlying trends will occur regardless of public intervention. It will bring a new set of challenges (some directly affecting individuals) and deep societal changes. Simply leaving the development of the IoT to the private sector is not a sensible option.A not-that-different debate at the World Summit on the Information Society has driven to similar conclusions: public authorities cannot shirk their responsabilities towards their citizens.A 14 action plan to ensure that the use of IoT technologies: • Stimulate economic growth • Improve individuals’ well-being • Address some of today’s societal problemIoT policyGovernanceHow is this identification’s structured? Who assigns the identifier? How is information security ensured? Which stakeholders are accountable? Which ethical and legal framework applies? …Action 1• Define a set of principles underlying the governance of IoT • Design an ‘architecture’ with a sufficient level of decentralised managementPrivacy and protection of personal dataFundamental RightsTrust, Acceptance and SecuritySecurity for individuals Security in the businessThe Commission will follow ENISA work on the identification of emerging risks and provide a policy frameworks to develop IoTA c t i o n 4The Commission will follow the development of IoTinfrastructures becoming a vital resource to economy and societyA c t i o n 5Standardisation-Interoperability-Economies of scale-Low entry barriers -Level playing fieldStandards Mandate:•Launch or extend currently standards mandates to include issues related to IoT•Ensure IoT standards are developed in an open,transparent and consensual mannerA c t i o n 6Research and DevelopmentConnecting a thousand objects is easy,connecting several billions remains a faraway challengeFinance research projects through FP7projectsA c t i o n 7Contribute to the respective Public-Private Partnership:•Green cars•Energy-efficient buildings •Factories of the Future •Future InternetA c t i o n 8Openness to innovation-New applications -New uses-New business models-New barriers to innovationInnovation and pilot projects:promoting the deployment of IoT applications by launching pilot projects through CIPA c t i o n 9Institutional awareness-Act hand-in-hand with other institutions-Understand the challenges -Understand the opportunitiesThe Commission will inform European Institutions and relevant stakeholders about IoT developmentsA c t i o n 10International dialogueBorderless applications mean joint solutionsInternational dialogue to promote the lines of action laid down in this CommunicationA c t i o n 11Waste management-RFID tags can have negative impacts on environments-RFID tags could help the To assess the difficulties of recycling tags and the benefits and nuisances that the presence of tags can have on the recycling of objectA c t i o n 12recycling processFuture developmentsThe story has just only startedMonitoring the introduction of IoT related technologies to allow the assessment of their impact as well as the effectiveness of the related Community policiesA c t i o n 13The Commission will assess the evolution of IoTA c t i o n 14HistoryComm JuDec 2009Mar 2010May 2010May-June 2010Jun 2010Jul 2010Communication June 2009TodayIoT in framework 7 R&DCall 7 - Objective 1.3Internet-connected ObjectsThe Internet of Things is a MetaphorIoT Fp7 call 7Horizontal and cross-cutting application areas Sensor Networks and Decentralised intelligence Integrated part of the Future Internet-22-Internet of Things - Typical examplesIoT Fp7 call 7-23-IERC – Internet of Things IoT Fp7 call 7 European Research Cluster-24-Introducing Objective 1.3: IoT Fp7 call 7 Internet-connected objectsObjective 1.3 in the context of Challenge 1 a) Contribution to the Network and Service layers b) Applied research in the enterprise and business environment:• • Architecture and technological foundations for cooperative smart objects Towards integration and decentralized intelligenceTarget outcomes a) An open networked architecture b) Adaptive software supporting data acquisition c) Coordination and support actions-25-a)An open networked architecture for Internetconnected objectsIoT Fp7 call 7Funding scheme: IP & STREP • Open architecture – End to end characteristics – Manage a large population of devices – Conceal the heterogeneity of networks technologies Architecture with large and dynamic capabilities – Interoperability across providers and consumers of information and services, re-use of object entities – Open interfaces – Self-management, self-configuration, self-healing properties Technologies should ensure – Integration of the IOT into the service layer of the Future Internet – Distribution and aggregation of information – Communication among networked objects-26-••b)Adaptive software supporting IoT Fp7 call 7 data acquisitionFunding scheme: IP & STREP•Integration with business platforms and components – Large number of sensors delivering data – Compatibility with existing business environment Interpretation of the environmental and context information – Information from human behaviours and multi-modal interactions – Act on behalf of the users’ intentions Additional functionalities – Interoperability, privacy, security – Discovery and mapping of real, digital and virtual entities••-27-c) Coordination and support IoT Fp7 call 7 actionsFunding scheme: CSA•Roadmaps, standards, benchmarks, … for future industrial developments of IOT applications•International collaboration – Analysis of research agendas, preparation of concrete initiatives (China, Japan, U.S., Brazil, …) – Coordination of related EU R&D programmes/activities-28-IoT Fp7 call 7Impact and Funding schemes• Expected impact– New range of Internet services based on interconnected objects communications and integration with business processes – Novel business models on objects connectivity – Emergence of new companies (SMEs) offering innovative solutions – Consensus by industry (standards, benchmarks) and by stakeholders (governance) of the IOT• •Funding schemes– a), b): IP, STREP; c): CSAIndicative budget distribution– IP/STREP: EUR 27 million; the objective is to support 2 IPs – CSA: EUR 3 million•Call– ICT call 7OJ publication: 28 Sept. 2010, submission deadline: 18 Jan. 2011 – 17h00-29-IoT Fp7 call 7More information and linksObj. 1.3 Contact: alain.jaume@ec.europa.eu IERC – Internet of things European Research Cluster: http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/-30-。

Europe 1992 crisis

The European Currency Crisis (1992-1993)
Presented By: Garvey Ngo Nancy Ramirez
Background of European Union

In the 1970‟s after the collapse of the Bretton Woods System, European countries tried to limit intra-European exchange rate fluctuations.

Initial Speculations

As the other European economies continued to deteriorate and struggle, there was increasing pressures for the politicians in the elections for Britain, France, and Italy to offer some policy solution.

The European Economic Community (EEC), later becoming the European Union (EU), consisted of several member countries including: France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. It also added: Spain, Portugal, U.K., Ireland, Greece, Austria, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland.

2019年考研英语拓展阅读：欧盟与加拿大签署自由贸易协定

2019年考研英语拓展阅读：欧盟与加拿大签署自由贸易协定The European Union and Canada signed a long-delayed landmark free trade agreement Sunday in Brussels aimed to boost growth and jobs.欧盟和加拿大于周日在布鲁塞尔签署了一项以前长期搁置的里程碑式自由贸易协定，旨在促动经济增长并创造就业机会。

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau signed the Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (CETA) along with the heads of EU institutions (EU President Donald Tusk, European Commission head Jean-Claude Juncker and Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico, whose country holds the rotating EU presidency).加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多和欧盟机构领导人签署了《综合经济贸易协定》，这些欧盟领导人包括欧洲理事会主席唐纳德·图斯克、欧盟委员会主席让-克劳德·容克以及欧盟轮值主席国斯洛伐克总理罗伯特·菲佐。

The signing ceremony had been pushed back from Thursday after French-speaking Wallonia, with just 3.6 million people, initially vetoed an agreement affecting more than 500 million Europeans and 35 million Canadians.签约仪式被推迟到了周四实行，因为瓦隆尼亚区一开始否决了这项协议。

by the European Community fund FEDER.

Mathematics and its Applications (CEMAT), IST, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal.
b Department
of Mathematics and Centre for Mathematics and its Applications
Key words: Chow’s rejection rule, Derivative of ROC curves, Supervised classiﬁcation, Optimal decision-rule, Rejection threshold
⋆ This work was supported by Programa Operacional “Ciˆ encia, Tecnologia, Inova¸ ca ˜o” (POCTI) of the Funda¸ ca ˜o para a Ciˆ encia e a Tecnologia (FCT), coﬁnanced by the European Community fund FEDER. Email address: carla@upt.pt (Carla M. Santos-Pereira).
On optimal reject rules and ROC curves ⋆
Carla M. Santos-Pereira a and Ana M. Pires b
a Universidade
Portucalense Infante D. Henrique, Oporto,Portugal and Centre for
Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science

2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：希腊和欧元

2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：希腊和欧元凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：希腊和欧元Greece and the euro希腊和欧元Crisis revisited危机重现The euro is still vulnerable, and Greece is not theonly problem欧元仍然脆弱不堪，而希腊不是其中唯一的问题。

IT WAS almost exactly five years ago that the eurocrisis erupted, starting in Greece.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！Investors who had complacently let all euro-zone countriesborrow at uniformly low levels abruptly woke up to the riskiness of an incompetentgovernment borrowing money in a currency which it could not depreciate. There is thus adismal symmetry in seeing the euro crisis flare up again in the place where it began.距上一次由希腊引爆的欧债危机已经过去整整五年了。

投资者曾经无所顾忌地以统一的低利率借钱给欧元区国家，现在却猛然醒悟，认识到一个无能的政府正在以不会贬值的货币不断地借钱。

欧元危机从当年开始的国家重新蔓延，不得不说是一次悲催的重蹈覆辙。

The proximate cause of the latest outbreak of nerves was the decision by the凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！Greekgovernment, now headed by the generally competent Antonis Samaras, to advance thepresidential election to later this month. The presidency is largely ceremonial, but if Mr Samarascannot win enough votes in parliament for his candidate, Stavros Dimas, a general election willfollow. Polls suggest the winner would be Syriza, a populist party led by Alexis Tsipras.Although Mr Tsipras professes that he does not want to leave the euro, he is making promisesto voters on public spending and taxes that may make it hard for Greece to stay. Hence themarkets' sudden pessimism.导致投资者精神突然紧张的直接原因是希腊政府的决定。

欧洲采购指令

公开程序
all interested contractors may submit tenders
所有有兴趣的承包商都可以提交标书
contract notice published in OJEC
合同通知发布在欧盟官方通告上
all tenders received must be considered objectively
供水、能源、交通及电信部门
secret or involving member state security interests
秘密或涉及成员国家的安全
pursuant to international agreements
依据国际协议
under procedures of international organisations of which only states are members
• 服务
Definitions
定义
building & civil engineering
建筑及民用工程 purchase, lease, rental or hire-purchase or products including siting and i nst al l at i on op er at i ons购买、出租、分期付款包括安装 defined services定义为服务
non-industrial / commercial corporations 非工业/商业集团 other authorities & boards 其他当局或机构
Exclusions
例外
water, energy, transport & telecommunications sectors

根特大学动物科学

FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINEFACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINEFACULTY OFVETERINARY MEDICINEGHENT UNIVERSITYMERELBEKE (GHENT), BELGIUMPREFACEWelcome to the brochure of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, created on the occasion of 75 years of educa ti on in Veterinary Medicine at Ghent University.This brochure gives an overview of the faculty’s history, its departments and its overall organiza ti on. Richly illustrated, it provides a vivid impression of the life of staﬀ and students at our faculty.In line with modern technological possibili ti es and the faculty’s nature of never ceasing to evolve, this brochure is also available as an electronic pdf ﬁ le that is linked to the website of the faculty andthat will be updated regularly. The printed version will show you page a ft er colourful page how our students are educated, how our research is performed and what services we provide to the public and other ins ti tu ti ons.We would like to thank everyone who contributed in any way to this brochure and we hope you will enjoy reading it.Prof. Hubert De Brabander Prof. Frank Gasthuys Dean Academic secretaryOrganiza ti onThe Dean’s o ﬃ ce is the secretarial centre of the faculty, covering personnel management, student administra ti on and educa ti on quality control. The faculty policy is set up by the dean, the academic secretary and the faculty council. Members of the academic sta ﬀ are in charge of speci ﬁ c commi tt ees of the faculty, such as the Educa ti onal Council and the Faculty Research Council, and serve as representa ti ves in the Board of Ghent University. Prac ti cal and social informa ti on for both the sta ﬀ members and alumni is provided by the on-line magazine, Campus Merelbeke (www.campusmerelbeke.ugent.be).The deanery encloses 2 major administra ti ve divisions. The ﬁ rst of these is the Educa ti on Cell, which is the most important informa ti on centre and point of contact for the students. The other division is the Logis ti cs and Human Resources Unit, which covers all other administra ti ve, personnel and logis ti c aspects of the faculty.The deanery also houses the faculty library, the Ins ti tute for Permanent Educa ti on (IPV) and the editorial and administra ti ve o ﬃ ces of the scien ti ﬁ cjournal “Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschri ft ”.DI51DEAN’S OFFICE – ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICESInforma ti on and Sta ﬀwww.ugent.be/di/en Tel: +32 9 264 75 03 - Fax: +32 9 264 77 99Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschri ft (Flemish Veterinary Journal) Array This scien tiﬁc journal, founded in 1931, is published by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent University. It appears bimonthly and reaches more than 1600 subscribers. It presents mainly clinical topics and addresses itself to students, veterinary prac ti ti oners, and the interna ti onal veterinary and biomedical research community. Each issue contains scien tiﬁ c papers either in English, or in Dutch with an English abstract. Reviews on clinical issues are o ft en published in Dutch.The journal is an interna ti onal, peer-reviewed publica ti on covered by the authorita ti ve Web of Science. The electronic version of the published ar ti cles is freely available on the website of the journal (h tt p://vdt.ugent.be).The Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschri ft plays an important role in the dissemina ti on of the scien tiﬁ c work performed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and reﬂ ects theevolu ti on in novel insights, techniques and treatments.The experimental farm of Ghent University, Biocentre Agri-Vet, started as a joint venture with the former Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, but is now a tt ached to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The farm is situated in Melle, 6 kilometres east of the faculty campus. The facili ti es are used for ca tt le, pigs and occassional other species including llama, sheep, goats and horses to support animal research and the educa ti on and research of students. At the Biocentre Agri-Vet, students learn how to handle farm animals and are trained in the di ﬀ erent aspects of an agricultural farm such as management, housing and nutri ti on. The farm o ﬀ ers many possibili ti es for zootechnical and other agricultural research projects.Biocentre Agri-Vet is a well-func ti oning, high-produc ti ve agricultural farm that meets the newest demands with respect to technical innova ti ons, environmental issues, animal welfare and healthcontrol.The dairy farm accommodates approximately 60 dairy cows which are milked 2 or 3 ti mes a day by means of a robot, to which they have access through a smart gate. The pig farm has approximately 150 sows. During pregnancy, the sows are housed in dynamic groups with feed sta ti ons. Four weeks a ft er insemina ti on un ti l one week before farrowing, the sows move freely in the stall. This system is partly in accordance with their natural behaviour. To feed the animals, fodder crops such as grass, maize, cereals and occasionally beet are grown on the ﬁ elds that surround the farm and cover about 70 hectares.Biocentre Agri-Vet10FACULTY ORGANIZATIONApart from the Deanery, which encloses the central administra ti ve facili ti es including the library, a restaurant, the experimental farm Agri-Vet and the Students’ Club House, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine comprises 12 Departments, which will be described further in this brochure. Campus facili ti es are designed in order to meet the triple dedica ti on of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, viz. educa ti on, research and service to the community in all ma tt ers dealing with the life and health of animals, including the sanitary quality control of animal products.Six major auditoria and a dozen smaller lecture and mee ti ng rooms are sca tt ered over the diﬀ erent buildings. Together with the library, the computer classes and the anatomical museum, they provide accommoda ti on to the more than 1500 students of the campus.The animal clinics and diagnos ti c laboratories work in close coopera ti on, resul ti ng in a state-of-the art University Animal Hospital which oﬀ ers permanent, all-year-round medical care for animal pa ti ents large and small.Scien tiﬁ c research is a top priority for all departments, and vast amounts of personnel, ti me and ﬁ nances are invested in a wide range of inves ti ga ti ons. A survey of the various research topics of each department is listed further in this brochure.As a service to the community, all faculty staﬀ members consider it both a duty and a privilegeto share their scien tiﬁ c and clinical exper ti se by ac ti ve par ti cipa ti on in academic and professional advisory boards and commi tt ees on regional, na ti onal and interna ti onal levels.CAMPUSFrom the onset of veterinary medicine educa ti on in Ghent, eﬀ orts were made by the University to provide and improve the housing facili ti es suitable for this discipline.A ft er the second World War, and with the support of the Marshall Aid Plan, the university bought the site Kasteelhof (20 ha) in Merelbeke,a small town in the suburb of Ghent. In 1950 a pilot farm and the Zootechnical Ins ti tute were inaugurated on this site.For many years, plans had been under development for a new clinical campus adjacent to these premises. Each of the successive faculty deans, Prof. Dr. G. Peeters (1968-1970), Prof. Dr. M. Vandeplassche (1970-1972), Prof. Dr. J. Hoorens (1972-1974), Prof. Dr. A. Devos (1974-1978) and Prof. Dr. M. Debackere (1978-1990), played an essen ti al role in planning and implemen ti ng the move to Merelbeke. In 1974 the construc ti on of a 4-story laboratory building was started. However, it was only in 1990, during the deanship of Prof. Dr. H. Lauwers (1990-1994), that Ghent University reached an agreement with the Flemish governmentabout the ﬁ naliza ti on of the building project. The construc ti on of the clinical departments, according to the concept of the architect Bob Van Reeth, was ini ti ated in 1993 and ﬁ nished in 1996. Since then, the premises have been further expanded under the deanships of Prof. Dr. M. Pensaert (1994-1997), Prof. Dr. A. de Kruif (1997-2006) and Prof. Dr.H. De Brabander (2006- ).The new campus has a remarkable uniform structure, in which all func ti onal types of buildings, i.e. oﬃ ces, laboratories, clinics, lecture rooms, administra ti ve units and stables correspond with each other, both by virtue of their structure and by the choice of the building materials. While laying out the lawns, grasslands, planta ti on and roads, the mainaccent was put on the central pond that also serves as a basin for water puriﬁ ca ti on. The central campus is connected with the Zootechnical Ins ti tute by the construc ti on of a bridge spanning the highway which separated both sites. Recent innova ti ons included the enlargement of the facili ti es for the Department of Medical Imaging and the building of the Clinic for Poultry Diseases and Bacteriology. In the near future the construc ti on of a Veterinary Research Building and the innova ti on of the pertaining laboratories and animal facili ti es will take place.Along with veterinary medical prac ti ce, the veterinary educa ti on faces major changesand new challenges. Owners of pet and farm animals are becoming more and moredemanding. Many diagnos ti c and therapeu ti c techniques used in human medicine havebecome available for veterinary use. Techniques such as echography, scin ti graphy, ar-throscopy and laser surgery are commonly applied in today’s veterinary medicine. Asfor farm animals, preven ti ve medicine and herd control are ge tti ng more important thanthe treatment of the individual animal. Moreover, consumers of food of animal origindemand high quality products. Concepts such as “stable to table quality assurance” and“total quality control” are currently well established to the veterinary profession.The main objec ti ve of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine is to provide excellent aca-demic educa ti on and professional training so that gradua ti ng veterinarians have theskills and competence needed for the fast changing demands of society. These servicesinclude the medical care of animals and the research into all domains related to medi-cine and animal welfare.Because of the wide variety of study topics, veterinarians can be employed in many dif-ferent branches of professional life:• as veterinary prac ti ti oners for companion animals or horses, emphasizing examina-ti on and treatment of the individual animal.• as farm animal prac ti ti oners, who are well-experienced in the treatment of groups ofanimals and herd health control.• as veterinarians ac ti ve in the ﬁ elds of pharmaceu ti cal industry and animal feed pro-duc ti on.• as veterinarians serving public health.• as veterinary experts in diagnos ti c laboratories (private and public).• as veterinary specialists who pursue scien ti ﬁ c and academic careers in research andeduca ti on.VETERINARY MEDICINE AND VETERINARY EDUCATIONBachelor and Master Programme in Veterinary MedicineVeterinary medical studies in Belgium are tradi ti onally organized in a 6 year programme, consis ti ng of 3 preclinical years covering basic subjects (bachelor programme), and 3 clinical years of pa ti ent-oriented training (master programme).According to governmental regula ti on, there are no entrance limita ti ons for students who graduate from secondary educa ti on schools and apply for admission at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ghent University. This results in a high number of freshmen, but due to their background diversity and the large study load of the ﬁ rst year, there is a considerable drop-out of students during the ﬁ rst year. In the past, the undergraduate veterinary curriculum was a uniform and all-encompassing en ti ty, o ﬀ ering the basic knowledge for the totality of the profession. However, the concept of training vete-rinarians to be equally competent in all tradi ti onal areas of veterinary prac ti ce became untenable as knowledge expanded, resul ti ng in an unfeasible study load and di ﬀ erent market needs.Along with the demands of the Bologna Declara ti on (1999), a new veterinary curriculum was introduced in Ghent University to ensure that gradua ti ng students having the necessary intellectual, factual and technical resources to succeed within the 21st century. Study load could be decreased and professional competence improved by allowing students to track within certain areas of interest which correspond to various sectors of the total scope of veterinary medicine. S ti ll, this programme o ﬀ ers an omnivalent training which is conform to the regula ti ons issued by the European Associa ti on of Establishments for Veterinary Educa ti on (EAEVE) and the Advisory Commi tt ee on Veterinary Training (ACVT) of the European Commission.In order to obtain this goal, all students receive a common training during 4.5 years, viz. during the three bachelor years and the ini ti al three semesters of the master programme. In the second semester of the ﬁ ft h year (i.e. the second year of the master programme), two major tracks are o ﬀ ered, i.e. companion animal medicine, and large animal medicine including veterinary public health. These tracks are followed by a more advanced training during the ﬁ nal year of the master programme, in which students further focus on one of the 5 elec ti ve tracks (small companion animals; horse; ruminants; pig, poultry and rabbit; research) in order to advance their clinical training and/or research ac ti vi ti es.ACADEMIC DEGREESAdvanced Academic TrainingCon ti nuing educa ti on is considered an important issue at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and is organized by a special Ins ti tute for Permanent Educa ti on and the Doctoral School of Life Sciences and Medicine, which oﬀ er various postgraduate training programmes.Modular Con ti nuing Educa ti onEach year several modules of con ti nuing educa ti on are organized by the Ins ti tute for Permanent Educa ti on. Each module deals with a speciﬁ c subject concerning the medicine of a certain animal species. The subjects covered diﬀ er from year to year and can be a tt ended by all veterinarians. The complete programme of all modules can be consulted at www.ipv-dgk.ugent.be.The modules take from a few hours to one day and are cer tiﬁ ed with a cer tiﬁ cate of a tt endance. In the near future the a tt endance of veterinarians to the permanent training modules will become compulsory in order to achieve the“Good Veterinary Prac ti ce” cer tiﬁ cate.Postgraduate studies leading to a cer tiﬁ cate of Specialized Veterinary Surgeon The purpose of these courses is to update and extend the medical knowledge of speciﬁ c animal species, viz. companion animals, horses, ruminants or pigs.The courses are organized by the Ins ti tute for Permanent Educa ti on and are given once a week for 2 (horses, ruminants and pigs) or 3 (small animals) years. Veterinarians who ac ti vely par ti cipate in the training, submit the pertaining thesis and successfully pass the examina ti ons receive a cer tiﬁ cate of Specialized Veterinary Surgeon (“Vakdierenarts”) issued by Ghent University and acknowledged by the Na ti onal Board of Veterinarians.Specialist training according to the EBVSNumerous faculty staﬀ members, who are Diplomates of one of the various Eu-ropean Colleges that are supervised by the European Board of Veterinary Spe-cializa ti on (EBVS), oﬀ er internship and resident training programmes. Residents who successfully fulﬁ l such programme and pass the European examina ti on ob-tain the ti tle of Diplomate of the European College of the respec ti ve discipline. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (PhD degree)In order to obtain the doctorate or PhD degree, which is the highest academic degree exis ti ng, an extended research programme is required. The results of the research have to be wri tt en down in a doctoral thesis. A ft er 4 to 6 years of prepa-ra ti on the doctoral script has to be defended in a public oral lecture.During the prepara ti on, a PhD study programme can be followed. Although not compulsory, the faculty strongly recommends the PhD student to follow the pro-gramme. Applicants are oﬀ ered a doctoral training programme by the Doctoral School of Life Sciences and Medicine, by which they acquire a top-level training both within and outside of their own discipline.DI01COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY - BIOMETRICSInforma ti on and Academic StaﬀWebsite: www.vetstat.ugent.be/vakgroepTel. +32 9 264 73 21 - Fax. +32 9 264 74 99 Departmental Organiza ti onThe department is divided into 2 units which work in close collabora ti on: the Physiology and the Biometrics units.TeachingThe following courses are oﬀ ered:• Bachelor programme of veterinary medicine: veterinary physiology courses; biomedical sta ti s ti cs.• Master programme of veterinary medicine: applied biomedical sta ti s ti cs.• Addi ti onal courses: epidemiology (Master programme in applied sta ti s ti cs); survival analysis (Master programme in biosta ti s ti cs, UHasselt).ResearchThe Milk Secre ti on and Mas ti ti s Research Centre (MMRC) has received interna ti onal recogni ti on in the ﬁ eld of physiology and pathophysiology of the mammary gland of ruminants. Its research is focused on the regula ti on of inﬂ ammatory gene expression by epigene ti c changes in the dairy cow induced in the stage of lacta ti on. The MMRC has developed an experimental E. coli model in which the varia ti on of the inﬂ ammatory response can be studied. The centre also inves ti gates the role of epigene ti c modiﬁ ca ti ons in defence gene expression in neutrophils, in gland and teat epithelium and in the varia ti on of suscep ti bility to mammary infec ti on and inﬂ amma ti on. Recently an interfacultary research group (Physiological Imaging and Drug Analysis, Phimadran) has been established that focuses on pep ti domics. In the near future the Physiology Unit will extend its research in the compara ti ve branch of physiology in collabora ti on with the Biometric Unit. Both divisions will analyse how epigene ti c phenomena, resul ti ng in changes in gene expression and in gene interac ti ons, may be involved in the varia ti on of mammary tumorogenesis suscep ti bility observed in diﬀ erent animal species.For many years the Biometrics Unit’s research has focused on the development and extension of the frailty model methodology for the analysis of infec ti ous disease data (e.g. clustered infec ti on ti mes in cow udder quarters). New techniques are currently under development to model spa ti al correla ti on in survival data, such as spa ti ally correlated malaria infec ti on ti mes. The unit is also leading a mul ti disciplinary malaria research team (UGent, KULeuven,UAntwerpen and ITM). This research group uses a system-biological approach to incorporate knowledge at diﬀ erent levels (molecular-biological, entomological, clinical, environmental, etc. ).ServicesThe Physiology Unit is involved in ac ti vi ti es of the Interna ti onal Dairy Federa ti on (IDF).The Biometrics Unit coordinates the IUC programme with Jimma University in Ethiopia (iucju.ugent.be) and the North-South-South programme establishing MSc projects in Biosta ti s ti cs at diﬀ erent Ethiopian Universi ti es.DI02PHARMACOLOGY - TOXICOLOGY - BIOCHEMISTRYInforma ti on and Academic StaﬀWebsite: ers.ugent.be/~kbaert/Welcome.htmlTel. +32 9 264 73 46 - Fax. +32 9 264 74 97Departmental Organiza ti onThe department is divided into 3 units:• the Pharmacology Unit studies the pharmacokine ti cs and pharmacodynamics of veterinary drugs in diﬀ erent animal species.• the Toxicology Unit inves ti gates the toxic eﬀ ects of xenobio ti cs and is involved inforensic veterinary analyses.• the Biochemistry Unit is ac ti ve in the research of the biochemical parameters in infec ti ous disease models (both in vivo and in vitro).TeachingThe following courses are oﬀ ered:• Bachelor programme of veterinary medicine: 1 basic and 2 advanced courses of biochemistry, including prac ti cal exercises.• Master programme of veterinary medicine: basic and advanced pharmacology; toxicology; pharmacotherapy of small and large animals; law on medica ti on; knowledge of drug prescrip ti on.• The department also organizes training of forensic veterinary medicine assessor. ResearchThe Pharmacology Unit studies the pharmacokine ti cs, bioavailability and deple ti on of mainly an ti bio ti cs, anthelmin ti cs, non-steroidal an ti-inﬂ ammatory drugs and an ti virals in pet and farm animals.The Toxicology Unit is ac ti ve in the research of the eﬀ ects of mycotoxins on the intes ti nal health of farm animals and is involved in ecotoxicological studies. This also includes the development and valida ti on of analy ti cal methods necessary to quan ti tate drugs and toxic substances and their metabolites in animal ti ssues and ﬂ uids (e.g. LC-MS/MS).The Biochemistry Unit studies the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of variousinfec ti ous diseases. This includes the evalua ti on of both cellular and secreted biochemical markers of relevance for small and large animals with validated analy ti cal methods, such as ﬂ ow cytometry and cytometric bead array.ServicesThe Pharmacology Unit performs contract research work on pharmacokine ti cs and residues of veterinary drugs for the pharmaceu ti cal industry according to the Principles of Good Laboratory Prac ti ce (GLP).The Toxicology Unit carries out toxicological analyses on animal and environmental samples. The Biochemistry Unit performs contract research work for the pharmaceu ti cal industry with a murine infec ti ous disease model.DI03MORPHOLOGYInforma ti on and Academic StaﬀWebsite: www.morfologie.ugent.beTel. +32 9 264 77 12 - Fax. +32 9 264 77 90Departmental Organiza ti onThe department is divided into 3 units:• the Anatomy Unit studies the macroscopic structure of all domes ti c mammals and birds, including laboratory animal species.• the Histology Unit is involved in the microscopic and ultrastructural study of cells, ti ssues and organs.• the Embryology Unit analyses the development from zygote to adult animal.25TeachingThe following courses are o ﬀered:• Bachelor programme of veterinary medicine: general histology and cell biology; microscopic anatomy; embryology; general anatomy; topographic and clinicalanatomy.• Advanced studies in laboratory animal science: basic course in laboratory animalscience (anatomy, taxonomy and development).• Postgraduate training in animal physiotherapy: canine and equine anatomy.• Quali ﬁ ed teacher’s degree for higher secondary educa ti on - veterinary science:teaching methodology (theory and prac ti ce based training).• Postgraduate studies of Specialized Veterinary Surgeon: selected topics of anatomy.ResearchMajor research topics include:• Anatomy of ocular vasculature, osseous and dental ageing changes in various animalspecies, anatomical nomenclature.• Histology and ultrastructure of the ovine tonsils (light microscopy includingmorphometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy).• Development of sea bass larvae and Artemia nauplii (light and electron microscopicanalysis).• Mechanisms of angiogenesis during embryonic development.ServicesThe department provides advice to clinicians, prac ti ti oners and o ﬃ cial ins ti tutes aboutanatomical, histological and embryological problems dealing with animals. Anatomicaland embryologic informa ti on, exhibi ti ons and educa ti onal programmes are also o ﬀ eredbased upon a vast museum collec ti on.The department par ti cipates in the interfacultary Knowledge Centre for Food Science ofGhent University (Food2Know ) and the UGhent Aquaculture R & D Centre.DI04VIROLOGY - PARASITOLOGY - IMMUNOLOGYInforma ti on and Academic StaﬀWebsite: www.vpi.ugent.beTel. +32 9 264 74 00 - Fax. +32 9 264 74 96Departmental Organiza ti onThe department consists of 3 units: Virology, Parasitology and Immunology. The Centre for Strategic Prophylaxis and Vaccine Development (Provaxs) is part of the department.ResearchThe research of the Laboratory of Virology focuses on epidemiological and pathogene ti c aspects of viral diseases of swine, horses, cats and shrimp, leading to new targets for therapy and to the development of new genera ti on vaccines.The Laboratory of Parasitology has 3 major research projects. The ﬁ rst project deals with the iden ti ﬁ ca ti on of protec ti ve an ti gens and the development of vaccines against gastrointes ti nal nematodes in ca tt le and pigs. The second topic concerns the characteriza ti on of the bovine mucosal immune response against gastrointes ti nal nematodes. The third project inves ti gates the epidemiology and control of tropical parasi ti c diseases of ca tt le and humans and anthelmin ti c resistance.Research of the Laboratory of Immunology is mainly focused on in ﬂ amma ti on, mucosal immunity and immuniza ti on, and on the induc ti on and modula ti on of systemic immune responses in dogs, swine, sheep, ca tt le and horses.ServicesThe Laboratory of Virology gives advice to the public and provides services to veterinarians through diagnosis of viral diseases of swine, horses, dogs and cats.The Laboratory of Parasitology o ﬀ ers diagnos ti c services and advice on treatment and control of parasi ti c diseases to veterinarians. The department also advises pharmaceu ti cal companies.The services provided by the Laboratory of Immunology include the diagnosis of immune-mediated diseases, analysis of immune parameters, evalua ti on of adjuvan ti a and immune-based detec tion of residues.TeachingThe following courses are o ﬀ ered:• Bachelor programme of veterinary medicine: general virology; general parasitology; general immunology.• Master programme of veterinary medicine: viral diseases of domes ti c animals; parasi ti c diseases of domes ti c animals and parasi ti c zoonoses; exo ti c diseases; immunopathology; cell biological and molecular techniques in biomedical research.• Courses on general virology, environmental virology and parasitology are also taught to students of the Faculty of Pharmacy, the Faculty of Bioscience Engineering and the Facultyof Sciences.DI05PATHOLOGY - BACTERIOLOGY - POULTRY DISEASESInforma ti on and Academic StaﬀWebsite: www.vetpbp.ugent.beTel. +32 9 264 74 31 – Fax. +32 9 264 74 94Departmental Organiza ti onThe department is divided into 3 units:• the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology primarily focuses on the pathology of bacterial infec ti ons.• the Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology inves ti gates on bacteria-host interac ti ons, an ti microbial resistance and taxonomy.• the Division for Poultry, Exo ti c Companion and Laboratory Animals deals with thediseases of birds, small mammals and poikilotherms.TeachingThe following courses are oﬀ ered:• Bachelor programme of veterinary medicine: general pathology; general veterinary bacteriology and mycology; veterinary hygiene.• Master programme of veterinary medicine: organ pathology and special pathology; prac ti cal training in large animal and companion animal post mortem examina ti on; pathology of domes ti c animals; bacterial and myco ti c diseases in domes ti c animals; diseases of birds and exo ti c animals with clinical training; advanced medicine of companion birds and exo ti c animals; infec ti ous diseases and pathology of poultry and rabbits; reproduc ti on and ar tiﬁ cial insemina ti on in poultry and rabbits; herd health control; epidemiology of poultry and rabbits.• The department also organizes courses in laboratory animal science.ResearchThe major research projects of the department are Helicobacter infec ti ons in domes ti c animals; Clostridium perfringens infec ti ons in poultry and ca tt le; Salmonella infec ti ons in poultry, swine and poikilotherms; P-glycoprotein; Ac ti nobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infec ti ons in swine; Staphylococcus aureus infec ti ons in rabbits; MRSA infec ti ons in animals; bacteriophage therapy; bacterial and myco ti c diseases in rep ti les and amphibians; aspergillosis in birds; Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infec ti ons in turkeys; the use of butyrate producing bacteria to control inﬂ ammatory bowel disorders; the possible transferof an ti microbial resistance genes from bacteria from domes ti c animals to human bacteria; the prevalence of acquired an ti microbial resistance in bacteria associated with animals; the development and applica ti on of PCR-based DNA ﬁ ngerprin ti ng techniques for iden tiﬁ ca ti on, and epidemiological studies of bacteria from humans and animals.ServicesThe Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology carries out post mortem examina ti ons of domes ti c animals and histopathological evalua ti ons as a diagnos ti c service on a daily basis.The Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology provides service through diagnosis of bacterial and myco ti c diseases of domes ti c animals. The laboratory also evaluates the eﬃ cacy of various factors contribu ti ng to the control of these diseases in domes ti c animals.The Division of Poultry, Exo ti c Companion and Laboratory Animals organizes daily clinical ac ti vi ti es and surgery as well as post mortem examina ti on of birds, small mammals and poikilotherms.。

工程硕士(GCT)英语模拟试题及答案解析(10)

工程硕士（GCT）英语模拟试题及答案解析（10）(1/10)词汇语法第1题There was no tickets ______ for Friday"s performance.A.preferableB.considerableC.possibleD.available下一题(2/10)词汇语法第2题I can"t give you ______ for the type of car you sell because there"s no demand for it in the market.A.an expenseB.a purchaseC.a chargeD.an order上一题下一题(3/10)词汇语法第3题A spokesman said that the people had greatly ______ the pollution.A.exaggeratedB.boastedC.flatteredD.enlarged上一题下一题(4/10)词汇语法第4题The suspect ______ that he had assaulted a woman.A.refusedB.rejectedC.declinedD.denied上一题下一题(5/10)词汇语法第5题None of the soldiers was allowed to open fire unless heavy loss was shown to be ______ inevitable.A.nonethelessB.otherwiseC.henceD.therefore上一题下一题(6/10)词汇语法第6题On the giant plane there are ______ the jet needs.A.twice engines thanB.twice as engines asC.as twice many engines asD.twice as many engines as上一题下一题(7/10)词汇语法第7题When we have difficulty ______ desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as grief and anger.A.at obtainingB.in obtainingC.on obtainingD.with obtaining上一题下一题(8/10)词汇语法第8题When something happens ______ we like, we usually feel joy or happiness, which is a positive and powerful emotion and for which we all strive.A.uponB.toC.thatD.what上一题下一题(9/10)词汇语法第9题The name of television comes from the Greek word tele and the Latin word videre, ______ "far" and "to see", respectively.A.meaningB.meantC.are meantD.have the meaning of上一题下一题(10/10)词汇语法第10题By lip reading or watching the movements of the speaker"s lips, a deaf person can actually see ______ the person at the other telephone is saying.A.thatB.howC.whatD.where上一题下一题(11~15/共20题)阅读理解These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Buildings account for 65 percent of total U.S. electricity use. But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because cars use lots of natural resources such as gasoline, and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on previously developed land, so that the buildings don"t destroy forests or other wild habitats(栖息地). Malty Dettling is a project manager for a building that puts these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country"s first green residential high-rise building. According to Dettling, "We"ve reduced our energy consumption by one-third and our water by 50 percent". Not everyone is leaping to move into a green building, however. Some people think that features such as solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Despite this, Dettling hopes that green buildings will become common in the future. "It"s going to be big", she said.第11题What does green building refer to nowadays?A.Buildings painted by green hands.B.Buildings covered with green plants.C.Buildings that are environmentally-friendly.D.Buildings like houses, factories, and offices.第12题The word "Also"(Line 2, Para. 2) is used to ______.A.continue the discussion of total U.S. electricity useB.expand the topic of reduction of energy and water useC.include the discussion of public transportationD.shift the focus to the topic of the environment protection第13题In terms of land use, green buildings are constructed by ______.A.making use of developed landB.developing new landC.clearing the ground in a forestD.draining wild habitats第14题Why are some people not so enthusiastic about green buildings?A.Because they do not jump into green building.B.Because they fail to move into a green building.C.Because they find it more costly to live in a green building.D.Because they think that solar panels still cost too much.第15题What did Marty Dettling mean when she said, "It"s going to be big?"A.Green buildings have a great potential.B.People expect bigger green buildings.C.Green buildings will be larger in size.D.People prefer to live in bigger buildings.上一题下一题Theme-park-bound bargain seekers would be wise to spend some time surfing online before they get in line at the parks this summer. A growing number of these attractions now allow customers to print e-tickets at home with large discounts off the gate price, in part to spur attendance that has declined in recent years. After boom times in the late 1990s, theme park attendance began to decrease, with an overall decline of about 40% over the past few years at North America"s 50 most-visited establishments, says James Zoitak, editor of Amusement Business. "The boom was off the rose as we turned the comer into 2000, so there"s more discounting now", he says. Discounting isn"t new to an industry that has longer partnered with other commercial enterprises, such as soft drink companies, to offer deals. But e-ticketing adds a new opportunity that not only brings savings but convenience as well, since it allows visitors to avoid the line at the gate. "If you can get in early before the lines fill up, you"re getting more for your money", says Robert Niles of the website Theme Park Insider.第16题The word "attractions"(Line 1, Para. 2) refers to ______.A.theme parksB.bargainsC.e-ticketsD.discounts第17题Why do more and more theme parks offer large discounts off the gate price?A.To get in line at the parks this summer.B.To encourage more people to come to the parks.C.To enable people to get e-tickets at home.D.To reduce the attendance figure.第18题What does the sentence "The boom was off the rose" mean?A.The rose in the theme park was out of bloom.B.The year 2000 was lucky for the 50 establishments.C.The theme park attendance was like the rose.D.The best time for the theme parks was gone.第19题What is the new opportunity e-ticketing brings to the theme parks?A.The theme park industry will be more profitable.B.Soft drink companies will be better partners of the parks.C.The tour to the parks will be more convenient.D.Visitors to the parks will have more discounts.第20题The last sentence of this passage is based on the idea that ______.A.it is wise to surf onlineB.discounting isn"t everythingC.e-ticketing attracts more partnersD.time is money上一题下一题One thing almost everyone is agreed on, including Americans, is that they place a very high valuation upon success; Success does not necessarily mean material rewards, but recognition of some sort-preferably measurable. If a boy turns out to be a preacher(传道者) instead of a businessman, that"s all right. But the bigger his church is, the more successful he is judged to be.A good many things contributed to this accent on success. There was the Puritan(清教徒的) belief in the virtue of work, both for its own sake and because the rewards it brought were regarded as signs of God"s love. There was the richness of opportunity in a land waiting to be settled. There was the lack of a settled society with fixed ranks and classes, so that a man was certain to rise through achievement. There was the determination of an immigrant to gain in the new world what had been denied to him in the old, and on the part of his children an urge to throw off the immigrant onus(负担) by still more success and still more rise in a fluid and classless society. Brothers did not compete within the family for the favor of the parents as in Europe, but worked hard for success in the outer world, along paths of their own choosing.第21题According to the first paragraph, ______.A.success is highly valued in American societyB.success surely brings material rewardsC.success equals measurable recognitionD.people agree on what success means第22题In this passage, the author indicates that ______.A.preachers are not so successful as businessmenB.businessmen are not so successful as preachersC.boys are advised to become preachers instead of businessmenD.measurable success can also be achieved by preachers第23题The word "accent"(Line 1, Para. 2) most probably means ______.A.dialectB.emphasisC.attentionD.recognition第24题Which of the following does NOT account for people"s desire for success?A.The Puritan belief in the virtue of work.B.Richness of opportunities in the new world.ck of fixed social ranks and classes.D.Determination to deny the value of the new world.第25题It is suggested in the last paragraph that ______ in the old world.A.children tended to compete for the favor of their parentsB.children were determined to throw off their immigrant identitiesC.children were urged to achieve success in the fluid and classless societyD.children worked hard for success along paths chosen by their parents上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)阅读理解Advertisement I JODRELL BANK VISITOR CENTRE EXHIBITION OF MODERN ASTRONOMY PLANETARIUM GARDENS, RESTAURANTS, SHOPS Open: Summer (March 12—October 31) Daily (including SAT & SUN.) 10:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Winter (November 1—March 11) Weekends 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. (Winter weekday visits by prior arrangement) No extra charge for Planetarium, Gardens, Arboretum or Car Park Children and Senior Citizens admitted at reduced rate Details: Ring Lower Withington (0477) 71339 Or write to R. G. Lascelles, Jodrell Bank Maccelesfield, Cheshire, SKII 9D1 Advertisement II SCONE PALACE PERTH SCOTLAND The home of the Earls of Mansfield Situated just outside Perth on the A93, Braemar Road 2004 Good Friday 25th April to Monday 5th October Mondays to Saturdays 10:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Sundays July and August from 11:00 a.m. Beautiful porcelain, superb French furniture, unique Vernis martin collection, Ivories, clocks, needlework and objects D"art. Extensive Grounds. Woodland Gardens. Adventure Playgrounds. Old Kitchen Restaurant-Home Baking-Coffee Shop-Gift Shop-Produce Shop Evening tours, Meetings, Concerts CONTACT THE ADMINISTRATOR PERTH (0738) 52300 Admission Charges Adult: 30 p Children: 15 p第26题The two advertisements are most likely about ______.A.mai estateB.auctionC.shoppingD.tourism第27题You can call (0738) 52300 to ______.A.arrange for a special activityB.book adventure film ticketsC.ask for reduced chargesD.seek more information on Arboretum第28题Both advertisements show that ______.A.children enjoy half of the admission chargesB.children need not pay as much as adultsC.adults are required to pay full chargesD.old people are privileged to pay less第29题Scone Palace is located ______ Perth.A.inC.on the edge ofD.far away from第30题You can go to the exhibition and the palace ______.A.every day from 10:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. all year aroundB.on Saturdays from 10:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. from May to OctoberC.on Sundays from 11:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. from March to OctoberD.on weekdays from March 12 to October 31 in summer上一题下一题(31~40/共10题)完型填空Private enterprise is the thing. We went to a party on the river earlier this summer. The host【B1】is old enough to know better, served a lunch made with his home-made wine. As I was driving, I was【B2】to decline, but my wife politely took a glass and subsequently fell upstairs. The wound 【B3】weekly dressing by the district nurse, a talkative soul who enjoyed the social【B4】of her work. She stayed for most of the afternoon, admiring things and gossiping about village life. At about the【B5】time I called in the regional crime officer, to advise me on how to make the house reasonably secure against the child criminals who commit most of the【B6】in these parts. He,【B7】, was a companionable soul and made an afternoon of it. And why is it that when I write to a public utility【B8】as the gas board. I get a printed card to tell they received my letter and will shortly act on it? The money spent on printing, typing, filling in and stamping these cards【B9】add up to a very large sum indeed, when spread over all these industries. No commercial house sends such acknowledgements. Money,【B10】it reaches a public service, loses the value that was stamped on it by the trouble to get it.第31题【B1】A.hereB.sheC.whichD.who第32题【B2】A.ableB.nearC.sureD.almost第33题【B3】A.requiredB.hadC.should beD.was第34题【B4】B.lifeC.sideD.society第35题【B5】A.summerualC.sameD.other第36题【B6】A.jobsB.actionsC.thingsD.burglaries第37题【B7】A.howeverB.tooC.thenD.either第38题【B8】A.suchB.sameC.alsoD.like第39题【B9】A.of courseB.mustC.aboutD.almost第40题【B10】A.whenB.itselfC.for exampleD.which上一题下一题(1/10)完成对话第41题Karen: Hello. Could I speak to Justin, please? Justin: ______.A.Yes, you could.B.Speaking.C.Who are you?D.Speak, please.上一题下一题(2/10)完成对话第42题Speaker A: Well, it"s getting late. Maybe we could get together sometime. Speaker B: ______.A.Sounds good. I"ll give you a callB.Take it easyC.Nice to see you backD.Yes, I"ve enjoyed it上一题下一题(3/10)完成对话第43题Jack: Hey, how are you, Susie? Gee, we haven"t seen each other in...It must be close to three years! Susie: ______ Jack: OK.A.How do you do?B.Nice to meet you.C.Fancy meeting you here.D.Well, how have you been?上一题下一题(4/10)完成对话第44题Waiter: ______? Customer: Yes, I"ll have a cheeseburger, medium rare, with French fries.A.What do you want to eatB.Have you decided what to have yetC.Excuse me, are you ready to order nowD.Excuse me, but who"d like to order上一题下一题(5/10)完成对话第45题Speaker A: I"ve got a fever and a really bad headache. Speaker B: ______A.Why are you so careless about yourself?B.This kind of thing happens to everyone.C.You should take good care of yourself.D.Oh, that"s too bad. Why don"t you take some aspirin?上一题下一题(6/10)完成对话第46题Man: That"s a beautiful dress you have on! Woman: ______A.Actually, I don"t like it very muchB.Oh, thank you. I just got it yesterdayC.Yes, I think soD.No, it"s not that beautiful. Yours is better上一题下一题(7/10)完成对话第47题Speaker A: Mind if I call you Albert? Speaker B: ______A.Yes, just call me A1B.Yes, you may do thatC.Of course not. But just a plain "Al" will doD.OK. Everyone does上一题下一题(8/10)完成对话第48题Student A: May I use your computer this afternoon? Student B: I"m sorry, but I have to finish typing this term paper today. Student A: ______A.Do as you pleaseB.It doesn"t matterC.Thank you just the sameD.Never mind上一题下一题(9/10)完成对话第49题Nancy: Have you heard about Dana? She is going to get married with Graham! Scott: ______A.You"re kidding!B.Congratulations!C.Is it a real thing?D.Good luck!上一题下一题(10/10)完成对话第50题Grandpa: Robbie, we"ll go fishing soon, and we"ll take your dad with us. Grandson: I"m ready, Grandpa. ______A.You name the dayB.Enjoy yourselvesC.You can"t miss itD.Take your time上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1/10)词汇语法第1题There was no tickets ______ for Friday"s performance.A.preferableB.considerableC.possibleD.available参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答答案解析：解析：此题需要进行词义辨析。

经济学专业英语教程(第三版)课件PPT英文教学版-Unit 14 The European Union

• The Act, which went into effect on July 1, 1987, following ratification by each EC member, called for the establishment of a wholly integrated internal market by the end of 1992 in this and other areas.
3.3 European Parliament
• European Parliament represents the public. • Under a 1975 treaty it was empowered to participate, save for
deference to the Council of Ministers in regard to agricultural spending, in formulation of the annual EC budget, a draft of which it can reject by a two-thirds vote. The Single European Act and the Treaty on European Union further extended Parliament’s budgetary powers and ability to affect legislation. • In addition, the Parliament, previously only authorized to dismiss the entire Commission (but not individual members) by a vote of censure, can now reject nominees for individual posts. • The Parliament, which meets annually for about twelve weeks and has a five-year term, must also approve EU treaties as well as the admission of new EU members.

英国与欧盟的关系

Will the naughty boy stay or leave? let's wait and see .
Many people might say that the 12 stars on the flag represent the initial 12 EU countries, but it's not true.
The fact is that the twelve stars flag represents the image of the virgin Mary(圣母玛利亚), meaning the virgin Mary will always bless the European Union.
Britain joined the European Union in 1973, but their relationship is very subtle (微妙的) .
In September 1946, British prime minister Winston Churchill (丘吉尔)had proposed to establish the “United States of Europe”. Many European countries respond to(响应) the proposal.
2.And British people think that the leader of the EU is France and Germany, oneself didn„t get the due interests(应有的利益).
3.Britain is difficult to adapt to accelerate integration (加速一体化).

2018年英语四级关于是非题的阅读单选题讲解-优秀word范文 (1页)

2018年英语四级关于是非题的阅读单选题讲解-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英语四级关于是非题的阅读单选题讲解下面是英语四级阅读单选题讲解：是非题。

Passage 3A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC. could be brought forward by up to two decades.if a modest increase could be provided m e EEC s research effort in this field according to the senior EEC scientists engagedin experiments in solar energy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispranear Milan.The senior West German scientist in charge of the Communitys solar energy programme Mr. Joachim f^tittold journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy U d Provide as much as three percent of the Communitys energy requirements even after the year .But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three percent of the EEC s needs,thu still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be po?tiblc satisfy a much bigger share of the Communitys future energy needs.At present the EEC spends about $2.6 millions a year on solar research at Ispraone of the ￡Ec, official joint research centers,and another $ 3 millions a year in indirect research with universities other independent bodies.。

unit1

Online banking may not be appropriate for everyone. For instance, many people do not have computers at home. Other people prefer to go to the bank and handle their accounts the traditional way. Even though online banking may never completely replace a walk-in bank, it is a service that many customers are going to want to use.
In two cases,customers are still waiting for their money back more than four months after returning their goods.
Louis Sylvan, vice-president of Consumers International, said, "This study shows that, although buying items over the Internet can benefit the consumer by offering convenience and choice, there are still many obstacles that need to be overcome before consumers can shop in cyberspace with complete trust."
Many banks are preparing "online branches," or Internet offices, which means that people will be able to take care of much of their banking business through their home computers. This process is called interactive banking. At these online branches, customers will be able to view all their accounts, move money between their accounts, apply for a loan, and get current information on products such as credit cards. Customers will also be able to pay their bills electronically, and even e-mail questions to the bank.

欧洲高考英语试卷

Part I: Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A (10 points)In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. After each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. You will hear each conversation and question only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given.1. A. The man is looking for a job.B. The woman is offering to help the man.C. The man is discussing his studies.D. The woman is asking for advice.2. A. The library is closed on Saturdays.B. The library has a good collection of books.C. The woman is not a student.D. The man is a teacher.3. A. The man is playing tennis.B. The woman is going to the gym.C. The man is exercising at home.D. The woman is not interested in sports.4. A. The man is planning a trip.B. The woman is booking a hotel room.C. The man is looking for a travel agent.D. The woman is not going on vacation.5. A. The man is taking a test.B. The woman is helping the man study.C. The man is feeling nervous.D. The woman is not interested in the test.6. A. The man is cooking dinner.B. The woman is going to the store.C. The man is not hungry.D. The woman is not interested in cooking.7. A. The man is a doctor.B. The woman is a patient.C. The man is giving a medical report.D. The woman is not feeling well.8. A. The man is playing chess.B. The woman is playing cards.C. The man is not interested in games.D. The woman is not good at chess.9. A. The man is teaching English.B. The woman is learning English.C. The man is not a native speaker.D. The woman is not interested in learning English.10. A. The man is playing the piano.B. The woman is singing.C. The man is not musical.D. The woman is not interested in music.Section B (20 points)In this section, you will hear a passage. After hearing the passage, answer the questions that follow. You will hear the passage and the questions only once.Question 11-13 are based on the following passage:[Passage about the importance of education and the challenges faced by young people in Europe today.]11. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of education.B. The challenges of young people in Europe.C. The importance of higher education.D. The impact of technology on education.12. According to the passage, what are some of the challenges faced by young people in Europe?A. Lack of access to education.B. High unemployment rates.C. Financial difficulties.D. All of the above.13. What is the author's suggestion to overcome these challenges?A. Increase government spending on education.B. Encourage young people to be entrepreneurial.C. Provide more scholarships and financial aid.D. Both B and C.Part II: Structure and Written Expression (20 points)In this part, there are 10 sentences. Some sentences have errors intheir structure or written expression. You are to correct the errors and rewrite each sentence.14. I have never seen such beautiful scenery before in my life.15. The students were not able to finish their homework because the power was out.16. It was not until I arrived at the airport that I realized I had left my passport at home.17. She is so intelligent that she can solve any problem quickly.18. He is taller than his brother by a head.19. The more you exercise, the healthier you will feel.20. I was wondering if you could help me with my assignment.Part III: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU was established to foster economic integration and political cooperation among its member states. One of the main goals of the EU is to ensure peace and stability in Europe.Question 21-25:21. What is the primary purpose of the European Union?A. To promote economic growth.B. To maintain peace and stability.C. To increase trade between member states.D. To establish a single currency.22. How many member states does the EU currently have?A. 27B. 28C. 29D. 3023. What is one of the main challenges faced by the EU?A. High unemployment rates.B. Climate change.C. Political instability.D. All of the above.24. What is the EU's main goal regarding peace and stability?A. To establish a single military force.B. To promote economic integration.C. To prevent conflicts between member states.D. To create a single currency.25. According to the passage, what is one of the EU's most significant achievements?A. The establishment of the Schengen Area.B. The creation of the Euro.C. The signing of the Maastricht Treaty.D. The expansion of the EU's borders.Part IV: Writing (20 points)Write an essay on the following topic:"The Role of Technology in Education: Benefits and Challenges"Your essay should be at least 200 words. Be sure to include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to demonstrate your language skills.。

Setting up pan-European pension funds for research

What is the breaking news?The European Commission has taken a very practical first step towards the creation of pan-European pension funds for researchers.What kind of pension funds are we talking about?-Occupational, or second pillar pensions (i.e. non-state pensions), in other words pension provided by employers to employees.-Pan-European = cross-border.Who is it for?For researchers of any nationality working in one of the EEA countries (EU 27 + Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway)What is the problem?Researchers are a mobile workforce. However, when they move, they cannot take their occupational pension rights with them, as the pension systems are different in the 27 Member States and the 3 EEA countries. They could end up worse off when they move than if they stayed in the same pension scheme because there will be disruptions in the accrual of their pension rights and fragmentation of their retirement benefits.Why a pan-European pension fund for researchers?A pan-European pension fund would enable universities and research organisations operating in the EEA area to provide identical pension solutions for their researchers throughout Europe. This would give a boost to labour mobility, as researchers would be able to take their pension assets with them when starting in a new position in another EEA country.By whom?In this context, only employers of researchers can set up pan-European pension funds for their researchers.How will the pension fund be set up?The European Commission has appointed Aon Hewitt, the global human resource consulting and outsourcing business of Aon Corporation, as expert adviser for the possible establishment of a Pan-European pension fund for researchers.The three-year project is part of the 'Innovation Union' flagship initiative that includes supporting measures to remove obstacles to the mobility of researchers and cross-border co-operation. The project's main objective is to support and advise organisations that employ researchers in the European Economic Area and which are willing to prepare and establish a pan-European pension fund for researchers.In the run-up to the preparations, three workshops will be organised in 2011 for interested employers. These workshops, the first of which has taken place on 4 April 2011, are aimed at organisations employing researchers who have an interest and show a willingness to addresssupplementary pension issues. The aim of the workshops is to allow them to make an informed decision about whether or not to set-up a pan-European pension fund and under what conditions. Experience will be shared on how public and private sector employers have approached the question of cross-border pension funds for their employees.What is the European Commission's role?The European Commission itself cannot set up a pension fund for researchers, it is for the employers of researchers to do so. The European Commission only has a role in facilitating this process.During the project, Aon Hewitt will guide preparations for the fund in 2012 and then advise its first operations in 2013. The fund will not be run by the European Commission itself but by, or on behalf of, a consortium of interested employers.What are the operational aspects of a pan-European pension fund?Employers of researchers will have to group together and set up a cross-border IORP themselves or use an existing cross-border product of a financial services provider. Once the governance, funding, administration, taxation, geographical coverage, etc. questions are addressed, the pan-European pension fund can start to operate.Could we say more about IORP?Cross-border retirement solutions can be established as "IORPs". The IORP (Institution for Occupational Retirement Provisions) is a new pan-European legal vehicle that allows for two layers of pension fund administration: the IORP governs the financial legal vehicle only, and the taxation, labour and social law remain country specific (i.e. the labour law of that MS continues to apply where the employment relation is).The advantage of the IORP is that is provides one financial legal vehicle for multiple pension plans and it allows cross-border affiliation. Such IORPs are for example the "Pensioenfonds" in the Netherlands, or "Pension trust" in the UK and Ireland or "Pensionskasse" and "Pensionsfonds" in Germany.Will the pan-European pension fund interfere with universities' existing pension funds? The pan-European pension fund for researchers will not replace any existing national pension solutions. It is merely intended to complement the existing systems.。

PITTOP2024新版

Cloud native design
PITTOP is designed to run in a cloud environment, leveling cloud native technologies such as containers, Kubernetes, and serverless computing to achieve elasticity, scalability, and cost efficiency
Microservices architecture
PITTOP uses a microservices architecture to break down the system into small, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently This approach improves modularity, reduces complexity, and enables faster development cycles
Inventory management
The system allows users to manage inventory levels, track stock movements, and generate reports on inventory status
Customer management
To support the development of a knowledge-based economy and society through the discussion of research results and best practices

11月托福(toefl)考试语法试题

2005年11月托福（TOEFL）考试语法试题1)In their designs the S. always sought ___ to a problem,……A.the sipmlest solutionB.the solution of simplestC.the solution that simplificationD.which solution simplest2)The poet MM spent several years ___ school in CP.A.had taughtB.teachingC.her teachingD. and to teach3)When the US C authorized a postal service in 1789, ___ 75 local offices.A.the nation havingB.has the nationC.the nation hadD.for the nation to have4)___ places on the Earth where plant and animal life has not been affected by the activities of humans.A.The fewB.Being fewC.There are fewbD.Few5)___ nerve pathways conect the eye directly to the pineal gland, that gland is extremely sensitive to light.A.BecauseB.ThatC.HowD.By6)Chrom……s vary in size and shape and usually ___ in pairs.A.occurringB.to occurC.occurD.as occur7)SL became the first VS woman ___ abroad the RM space station. A. who workingB.has workedC.was workingD.to work8)The gravitational attractive of a black hole is extremely intens e, but it would be no stronger ___ of a normal star of the same mass.B.as isC.than it isD.from which9)____ basically hunting animals and as such are physiologically a dapted to going for long periods without food or water.A.Dogs beingB.DogsC.There are dogsD.Dogs are10)In filmmaking, ___ the segments of a film are presented can be varied to creat drastically different dramatic effects.A.the order which inB.the order in whichC.in the order whichD.in which the order11)Perhaps even more important than the accuracy and realibility of a m……cal instrument ___.A.that positioning it is correctB.is positioned correctlyC.that its correct positionD.is that it be positioned correctly12)The DP began to assume its modern form during the intence polit ical conflict __ US citizens after the war of 1892.A.dividedB.that dividedC.that divided itD.that it divided13)____ Ear th’s crust averages only 004 grams of the gold per to n, ……A.DespiteB.ExceptC.AlthoughD.Whether14)In the process of v……,rubber is combined with sulfur, make it ___ to heat and cold.A.is resistantB.to resistC.resistantD.resist15)The presence in the US during the second world war of ___ Europ ean su…… was decisive in the development of AE.A.which manyB.many theD.many16. Lake Michigan is the third (large) of the American Great Lakes and (the only) one (lying) wholly (within) the United States.17. (Many) films (produced) in the United States (during) the 1930’s were set in the American Civil War period and the years following (t hem.)18. Children (who) form a positive self-concept are more assertive, optimistic, (confidence), and sociable (than those) who (do not).19. Intaglio printing is the (oppose )of relief printing, since (the printing) is (done )form ink that (is below )the surface of the pla te.20. Form the outset, (the) formulation and teaching of technique figured (prominently) in the (development) of American modern (dancer).21. Oil shales, (which may) furnish a (significantly) fraction of the world’s future energy, vary in richness, (yielding) from four to fifty percent oil (by weight). 22. Government comprises the set of l egal and political institutions (that) regulate the relationships (amo ng) members of (a )society and between the society (or) outsiders.23. Niagara Falls (is) not (only one) of (North America’s greates t) tourist attractions but (also source) of hydroelectricity.24. (Although) the beaver is a (powerful) swimmer, it has difficulty (moves) the logs and braches it (needs for) building and for food.25. True cedars are (members) of the pine family and are 120 to 150 (feet tall), with (erect )cones and (bunches short), needlelike leav es.26. Grandma Moses, the well-known American artist, began (to paint) at the age of 76 (when) she could (no long) do needlework because of a rthritis.27. (In) warm-blooded animals, body temperature (are) maintained w ithin narrow (limits) regardless of the temperature of the animals’ (surroundings).28. Bret Harte, (which) best-known works describe life in California in the mid-1800’s, (helped shape) the (literary) movement (called) local-color writing.29. (With the) Democrats’ adoption of (economic) radicalism in the 1890’s, (and the) Republicans emerged as the (majority party) in the United States.30. (The more) kinetic (energy in) the particles of (a material), the (hottest) the material is.31.Weather forecasting was of vital (important) in the seafaring (and agricultural) lives (led by) the seventeenth-century European col onists (in what) is now the United States. 32.One (common) herb of the mint family is thyme, the (dried) leaves and flowering tops of which (is) used (to flavor) many different food.33. Birds usually (have very) well-developed sense of (sight), and the optic lobes of (their brains) are (correspondingly) large. 34. P eter Cooper launched a number of (successful) commercial (enterprise), including the Canton Iron Works in Baltimore, (which produced) the first (commercially operated) North American steam locomotive. 35.Faint ing (is caused) by stoppage of the blood supply to brain, due to (temp orary) heart (fail) from shock, (weakness), or exhaustion. 36.The Fundamental physical (principle) of photography is that (light falling) on the grains (of certain) insoluble silver salts produces small, (inv isibly) changes in the grains. 37. The oxygen of the atmosphere, (s o) essential to (many of) forms of life, (represents) the accumulated product of over 3,500,000,000 years of photosynthesis (by) green plant s.38. Most of the world’s energy ——(including) wind (and) water p ower and (all) fossil fuels ——(come) indirectly from the Sun.39.(The wolf) was once the (most widely) distributed (kind of) mam mal (on) the world.40. Instruments that (measure) the passage (of time) have been in (exist) for (about) 4,000 years.2799411。

高考英语考前突破阅读理解能力国际时事要闻欧盟希望乌克兰与俄罗斯达成天然气协议素材

欧盟希望乌克兰与俄罗斯达成天然气协议The EU's energy commissio ner1 is hopeful of a deal between Ukrain e and Russia to end their dispute over gas del iveries after three-way talks in Berlin.欧盟能源委员会委员与乌克兰和俄罗斯在柏林进行三方会谈之后，希望乌俄能达成协议结束双方的天然气运送纠纷。

Guenther Oettinger out lined a plan which would see Russia supply Ukraine over the winter and into the spring.Ukraine would pay Russia $2bn (£1.2bn) of its gas debt by the end of October and another $1.1bn by the year's end.The talks will continue next week. Russia halted supplies in June over Ukraine's unpaid2 debts.Relations had soured aft er the overthrow3of Ukraine's pro-Russian President, Viktor Yanukovych, in February and Russia's subsequent support for sep aratists in Crimea and other Ukrainian regions.'Price at issue'Friday's talks came after Hungary cut its gas deliveries to Ukraine, arguing that it needed to stock up its reserves.Hungary was criticised by the European Commission but argued that it could not risk being cut off by Russia before winter set in.Mr Oettinger said the amount of gas delivered from Gazprom to Ukraine's Naftogaz s tate gas firm was "undisputed" but the price was still "a t issue".Under the EU plan, in return for the debt repayment4, Gazprom would supply at least 5bn cubic metres of gas to Ukraine at $385 per 1,000 cubic metre, to be paid in advance."Now the price is being debated in court and no party will have an interest in damaging its legal position in front of the co urt," the EU energy commi ssioner said.The parties at the talks on Friday still neede d to con sult with their governments, he added.He said he expected the issue to be clarified early next week, after which he, ministers and CEOs would meet at the end of the week, again in the German capital.Russia cut off all gas supplies to Ukraine after Kiev failed to settle its debt with Gazprom. G azprom had sought $1.95bn out of a total claim of $4.5bn.The Russian company said Ukraine had to pay upfront for its future supplies.1co mmissionern.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员参考例句：•The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。

欧盟能效标准COCV5电源新要求

EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL JRC JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE Institute for Energy and Transport Renewable Energy Unit Ispra, 29 October 2013 Code of Conduct on Energy Efficiency of External Power Supplies Version 5 bothRated Output Power (P n o no)No-load power consumption Tier 1 Tier 2> 0.3 W and < 49 W 0.150 W 0.075 W > 49 W and < 250 W 0.250 W 0.150 W Mobile handheld battery drivenand < 8 W0.075 W 0.075 WRated Output Power (P no) Minimum Four Point Average Efficiency inActive ModeMinimum Efficiency in Active Mode at 10 %load of full rated output current Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 20.3 <W <1 ≥0.500 * P no+ 0.146 ≥0.500 * P no+ 0.169 ≥0.500 * P no+ 0.046 ≥0.500 * P no+ 0.0601 < W <49 ≥0.0626*ln(P no) + 0.646 ≥0.071*ln(P no)– 0.00115 * P no+ 0.670 ≥0.0626*ln(P no) + 0.546 ≥0.071*ln(P no)– 0.00115 * P no+ 0.57049 < W <250 ≥0.890 ≥0.890 ≥0.790 ≥0.790“ln” refers to the natural logarithm. Efficiencies to be expressed in decimal form: an efficiency of 0.88 in decimalRated Output Power (P no) Minimum Four Point Average Efficiency inActive ModeMinimum Efficiency in Active Mode at 10 %load of full rated output current Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 1 Tier 20.3 <W <1 ≥0.500 * P no+ 0.086 ≥0.517 * P no+ 0.091 ≥0.500 * P no≥0.517 * P no1 < W <49 ≥0.0755*ln(P no) + 0.586 ≥0.0834*ln(P no)– 0.0011 * P no+ 0.609 ≥0.072*ln(P no) + 0.500 ≥0.0834*ln(P no)– 0.00127 * P no+ 0.51849 < W <250 ≥0.880 ≥0.880 ≥0.780 ≥0.780“ln” refers to the natural logarithm. Efficiencies to be expressed in decimal form: an efficiency of 0.88 in decimalAnnexM EASUREMENT METHODMeasurements should be carried out according to the method specified in the “Test Method for Calculating the Energy Efficiency of Single Voltage External Ac-Dc and Ac-Ac Power Supplies (August 13, 2004)”, issued by US EPA.The following measurement results should be reported:-no-load power consumption-efficiency at 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % of full rated output currentCode of Conducton Efficiency of External Power SuppliesSIGNING FORMThe organisation/company/ ………………………………………………………………..signs the Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies and commits itself to abide to the principles described in point 4 “The Commitment” for the following product categories: ……………….………………….The organisation, through regular upgrade reports, will keep the European Commission informed on the implementation of the Code of Conduct on Efficiency of External Power Supplies.for the organisationDirector or person authorised to sign:Name: ………………………………Managerial Function: ………………………………Address ………………………………………………Tel. / Fax. ………………………/ …………….………Signature ………………………………….Please send the signed form to :Paolo BertoldiEuropean Commission, Joint Research CentreTP 450I-21020 Ispra (VA)Tel. +39 0332 789299Fax. +39 0332 789992E-mail: paolo.bertoldi@ec.europa.eu。

六级仔细阅读预测题及答案解析

六级仔细阅读预测题及答案解析六级仔细阅读预测题及答案解析20172017年大学英语四级考试即将到来，备考工作正在如火如荼地进行中，为了帮助大家更好的复习功课，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017六级仔细阅读预测题及答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Caught in a squeeze between the health needs of aging populations on one hand and the financial crisis on the other, governments everywhere are looking for ways to slow the growth in health-care spending. Increasingly, they are looking to the generic-drugs (普通药物) industry as a savior. In November Japan's finance ministry issued a report complaining that the country's use of generics was less than a third of that in America or Britain. In the same month Canada's competition watchdog criticized the country's pharmacies for failing to pass on the savings made possible by the use of generic drugs. That greed, it reckoned, costs taxpayers nearly C$1 billion a year.Then on November 28th the European Commission issued the preliminary results of its year-long probe into drug giants in the European Union. The report reached a damning~, though provisional, conclusion: the drugs firms use a variety of unfair strategies to protect their expensive drugs by delaying the entry of cheaper generic opponents. Though this initial report does not carry the force of law (a final report is due early next year), it has caused much controversy. Neelie Kroes, the EU's competition commissioner, says she is ready to take legal action if the evidence allows.One strategy the investigators criticize is the use of the "patent duster( 专利群)". A firm keen to defend its drug due to gooff-patent may file dozens or hundreds of new patents, often of dubious merit, to confuse and terrify potential copycats and maintain its monopoly. An unnamed drugs firm once took out 1,300 patents across the EU on a single drug. The report also suggests that out-of-court settlements between makers of patented drags and generics firms may be a strategy used by the former to delay market entry by the latter.According to EU officials, such misdeeds -have delayed the arrival of generic competition and the accompanying savings. On average, rite report estimates, generics arrived seven months after a patented drug lost its protection, though where the drug was a big seller the lag was four months. The report says taxpayers paid about q 3 billion more than they would have-had the generics gone on sale immediately.But hang on a minute, Though many of the charges of bad behavior leveled at the patented-drugs industry by EU investigators may well be true, the report seems to let the generics industry off the hook(钩子) too lightly. After all, if the drugs giants stand accused, in effect, of bribing opponents to delay the launch of cheap generics, shouldn't the companies that accepted those "bribes" also share the blame?56. Why are governments around the world seeking ways to reduce their health-care spending?A) They consider the generic-drugs industry as a savior.B) They are under the double pressure of aging group and financial crisis.C) Health-care spending has accounted too large proportion.D) Health-care spending has cost taxpayers too much income.57. What can we learn from the report issued by theEuropean Commission?A) Drug firm will use just ways to protect their drags.B) Cheaper generic drugs are easy to enter market,C) The report has come to an ultimate conclusion.D) The final report may lead to commissioner's legal action.58. The investigators seriously condemned the drug firms for__________.A) they do not let their opponents to resort to the cometB) they use clusters of patents to protect their productsC) they bribe the cheaper generic opponentsD) trey do not pass on the savings made by use of generic drugs59. On average, the genetics will be delayed to enter the market by __________.A) seven monthsB) three monthsC) four monthsD) eleven months60. Which of the following accords with the author's view?A) Charges on patented-drug industry are anything but true.B) Generics industry is a sheer victim in the competition.C) Only drug giants are to blame.D) Exclusion of generics industry from taking responsibility is questionable.56.B)。