语法精讲精练-非谓语动词[教师版]

（一）辨别谓语与非谓语

特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。

①The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds

must be in a child safety seat.

A. being weighed

B. weighs

C. weighed

D. weighing

【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。under the age of four and ____ less than

40 pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，

所以选择weighing。

②______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.

A. Giving

B. Give

C. Given

D. To give

【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。

（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点

1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语

①It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

②I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常

重要的。

it作形式主语使用动名词的句型

①It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth.

It is no use crying.哭没有用。

②It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time)

It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。

2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定

①I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

A. to sound

B. to be sounded

C. sounding

D. to have sounded

【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。

类似的知识点要记牢。如：help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend,

expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree,

prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等

动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。

②It is difficult to imagine his ________the decision without any consideration.

A. accept

B. accepting

C. to accept

D. accepted

【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。

类似的知识点要记牢。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语

suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）

finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to（完成想象忍盼望）

give up, delay/put off, regret, miss（放弃延期悔失去）

insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice（坚持欣赏要实践）

pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃/避反对）

keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）

be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy（值得开始将忙乎）

3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同

In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____for another hour.

A. waiting

B. to wait

C. wait

D. to be waiting

【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”mean doing sth 意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth 意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。

类似的知识点要记牢。

①动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同

remember to do sth. 记住要做

remember doing sth.记得过去做过

forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事

forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事

②动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同

regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾

regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔

mean to do sth.打算，想要

mean doing 意味着，意思是

try to do sth. 努力做某事

try doing sth. 尝试做某事

can’t help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住

can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事

be considered to have done被认为已经做了

consider…to be认为是

consider doing考虑做某事

③动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同

want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系

These young trees require looking after（=to be looked after）.

The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over).

④下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语

stop to do停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）

stop doing停止做（动名词作宾语）

go on to do接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）