非谓语动词语法讲解
超详细非谓语动词讲解
超详细非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指在句中充当动词的成分,但不具备谓语的功能,主要有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
非谓语动词可以用于句法结构、修饰成分、语态和时态等方面的变化。
下面我将分别介绍这三种形式的非谓语动词。
一、动词不定式:动词不定式是由"to + 动词原形"构成的,可以用作动词、名词、形容词和副词的成分。
动词不定式的形式有时态和语态的变化。
1. 作为动词的补充:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。
例句:- I want to go to the park.(作为动词want的宾语)- She agreed to help us.(作为介词to的宾语)2. 作为名词的补充:动词不定式可以作为句子成分的一部分,并起到名词的作用。
例句:- To study is important for children.(作为主语)- My goal is to become a doctor.(作为表语)3. 作为形容词的补充:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词。
例句:- I have a book to read.(修饰名词book)- She needs someone to help her.(修饰代词someone)4. 作为副词的补充:动词不定式可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
例句:- He came here to visit his parents.(修饰动词came)- The coffee is too hot to drink.(修饰形容词hot)二、动名词:动名词是由动词的现在分词形式构成的名词,具有名词的特点,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等。
1. 作为主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语。
例句:- Dancing is her favorite hobby.2. 作为宾语:动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语。
例句:- He enjoys swimming in the sea.3. 作为表语:动名词可以作为系动词的表语。
非谓语动词语法讲解
❖ ③remember to do记得要做某事此事未做/ remember doing记得某事已做过此事已做 e g :I remember seeing her once somewhere
You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave home ❖ ④go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同 一件事
composition We all like playing to play table tennis
❖ 但也有细微区别:
❖ *指具体某次的行为常用不定式;指惯常的行为常 用~ing形式
❖ 如:I like reading books of this kind 惯常行为
❖ I hate to say so;but really I can't go with you 具体某次行为
Hearing the bell ;the students stopped playing and ran into the classroom ❖ ②forget to do忘记做某事此事未做/ forget doing忘记曾做过某事此事已做
He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office
作宾语
❖ 3 I found him swimming in the river 作宾补
❖ 4 His favourite sport is swimming
作表语
❖ 5 He is the man swimming in the river just
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用
英语语法非谓语动词讲解超全超实用在英语语法中,非谓语动词是指在句子中不能独立充当谓语,而是通过与其他词语搭配来发挥作用的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词进行详细的讲解,帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
一、动词不定式1.定义和形式:动词不定式是由动词原形加上"to"构成的形式,表示不完整的动作或状态。
例如:to eat, to dance。
2.用途和功能:(1)作主语:动词不定式可以作为句子的主语,常放在句首。
例如:To learn a new language is challenging.(2)作宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语,表示动作的目的或意图。
例如:I want to learn English.(3)作表语:动词不定式可以作为系动词的表语,表示身份、偏好、目的等。
例如:Her dream is to become a doctor.(4)作定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词,起到进一步说明或限定的作用。
例如:The best way to improve English is to practice more.(5)作状语:动词不定式可以表示时间、目的、方式等状语的作用。
例如:I went to the park to relax.3.特殊用法:(1)省略to:在某些情况下,不定式的to可以省略,例如在助动词let、make、help等后面。
例如:Let me go.(2)动词不定式的时态:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但可以根据不同的时间来使用不同的时态。
例如:I want to go shopping.(现在时态)I wanted to go shopping.(过去时态)二、动名词1.定义和形式:动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式,可以作为名词使用。
例如:swimming, running。
2.用途和功能:(1)作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,常放在句首。
语法全解析非谓语动词的形式用法及注意事项
语法全解析非谓语动词的形式用法及注意事项非谓语动词是英语语法中的重要部分,它具有丰富的形式用法和一些需要注意的事项。
在本文中,我们将对非谓语动词进行全面解析,介绍其各种形式及用法,并注意一些需要特别注意的事项。
一、非谓语动词的形式用法非谓语动词包括动词原形、动词-ing形式和动词过去分词形式。
它们在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等不同的成分,从而起到丰富语言表达的作用。
1. 动词原形作主语例:To travel is my dream.翻译:旅行是我的梦想。
2. 动词-ing形式作主语例:Swimming is good for health.翻译:游泳对健康有益。
3. 动词过去分词形式作主语例:Determined, she achieved her goal.翻译:她坚定不移,实现了她的目标。
4. 动词-ing形式作定语例:The running water is clear.翻译:流水清澈。
5. 动词过去分词形式作定语例:The broken vase needs to be fixed.翻译:那个破碎的花瓶需要修理。
6. 动词原形作宾语例:I want to learn English.翻译:我想学英语。
7. 动词-ing形式作宾语例:She enjoys reading books.翻译:她喜欢读书。
8. 动词过去分词形式作宾语例:We have finished our homework.翻译:我们已经完成了作业。
9. 动词-ing形式作状语例:He left without saying goodbye.翻译:他走了,没有说再见。
10. 动词过去分词形式作状语例:Exhausted, she fell asleep quickly.翻译:她累得很,很快就睡着了。
二、非谓语动词的注意事项在使用非谓语动词时,需要注意以下几个问题:1. 动词-ing形式与动词过去分词形式的区别动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,而动词过去分词形式则表示已经完成的动作或状态。
非谓语动词超详细讲解ppt课件
动名词既有普通形式,也有完成形式和被动形式。完成形式表示动作已经完成, 如having read;被动形式表示动作被承受,如being written。
动名词在句子中的成分
动名词也可以作表语,用来描述 主语的内容或性质,如Her job is teaching English.
动名词还可以作定语,修饰名词, 如a reading room, a swimming pool等。
非谓语动词超详用法与功能 • 动名词的用法与功能 • 分词的用法与功能 • 独立主格结构的用法与功能 • 非谓语动词的注意事项与误区
01
非谓语动词概述
Chapter
定义与作用
定义
非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓 语的动词,包括不定式、动名词和 分词三种形式。
独立主格结构的时态和语态
时态
独立主格结构的时态主要根据句子中的谓语动词来确定。如果谓语动词是现在时或将来 时,独立主格结构用现在分词;如果谓语动词是过去时,独立主格结构用过去分词。
语态
独立主格结构的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。当独立主格结构的逻辑主语与非谓语动 词之间是主动关系时,用主动语态;当逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系时,用被 动语态。例如:“The problem being settled, we all felt relieved.”(问题解决了,
我们都感到松了一口气。)
06
非谓语动词的注意事项与误区
Chapter
非谓语动词使用时需要注意的问题
动词不定式、动名词和分词的区别
01
在使用非谓语动词时,需要根据语境和表达的逻辑关系选择适
当的非谓语动词形式。
时态和语态的正确使用
02
非谓语动词语法讲解课件
03
动名词
动名词的定义
总结词
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式, 表示动作或行为的名词化表达。
详细描述
动名词在英语语法中,是将动词 转化为名词的一种形式,通常在 句子中充当名词的成分,表示某 个动作或行为。
动名词的形式
总结词
动名词有一般式、完成式和被动式三 种形式。
详细描述
动名词的一般式通常是在动词后加-ing ,表示动作正在进行或发生的状态;完 成式是在动词后加-ing并加上-ed,表 示动作已经完成;被动式是在动词后加 -ed,表示动作是被执行的状态。
详细描述
非谓语动词可以作为句子的主语、宾语、表 语、定语或状语等成分,使句子更加丰富和 多样化。通过使用非谓语动词,可以更准确 地表达动作的进行状态、被动关系以及名词 化的动作,使句子更加简洁明了。同时,非 谓语动词还可以用于表达虚拟语气、强调句 型等复杂句型,使英语表达更加丰富和有力
。
02
动词不定式
动词不定式的定义
总结词
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成,表示将来、可 能或意向的动作。
详细描述
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,它由“to + 动词原形”构成,表示将来、 可能或意向的动作,而不表示时态。与谓语动词相比,非谓语动词没有时态和语 态的变化。
Байду номын сангаас
动词不定式的形式
总结词
动词不定式有四种形式,分别为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
详细描述
动词不定式有四种形式。一般式为“to + 动词原形”,表示将来或可能的动作;进行式为“to be + 现在分词” ,表示正在进行的动作;完成式为“to have + 过去分词”,表示已经完成的动作;完成进行式为“to have been + 现在分词”,表示已经完成的进行动作。
非谓语动词讲解语法
非谓语动词讲解语法非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓语,而作其他成分的动词形式。
包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式1. 不定式的构成方法在英语中,不定式由动词原形前加上“to”构成,构成形式为“to + 动词原形”。
2. 不定式的用途(1)作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy.(2)作宾语:I like to swim in the sea.(3)作宾语补足语:She helped him to solve the problem.(4)作定语:I have a lot of books to read.(5)作状语:He went to the supermarket to buy some food.3. 不定式的否定形式将“to”和动词原形之间加上“not”构成否定形式。
二、动名词1. 动名词的构成方法在英语中,动名词由动词原形加上“-ing”构成。
2. 动名词的用途(1)作主语:Swimming is good for your health.(2)作宾语:She enjoys reading books.(3)作宾语补足语:I saw him walking along the street.(4)作定语:I have a running nose.(5)作状语:He studied for the exam, listening to music at the same time.3. 动名词的否定形式将动名词前加上“not”构成否定形式。
三、分词1. 分词的构成方法(1)现在分词:在动词原形后加上“-ing”构成,作形容词用。
(2)过去分词:大多数动词加上“-ed”构成,作形容词用。
2. 分词的用途(1)现在分词作定语:The running water is clear.(2)过去分词作定语:The broken vase cannot be repaired. (3)现在分词作状语:He fell asleep, snoring loudly.3. 分词短语由分词的形式与“be”动词、情态动词等构成的短语。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中,非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分,也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色,可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法,并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式,它们可以表达动词本身的含义,但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式:动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的,表示动词的不同形式,如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词:动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的,表示动词的现在分词形式,如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词:分词是动词的过去分词形式,分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行,如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等;过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成,如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法:1、动词不定式:在句子中,动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“To learn English is important”(学习英语很重要)中,动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语;或者在“I want to go home”(我想回家)中,动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词:在句子中,动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“Playing sports is fun”(做运动很有趣)中,动名词“Playing sports”作为主语;或者在“I enjoy listening to music”(我喜欢听音乐)中,动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
语法要点回顾非谓语动词的用法总结
语法要点回顾非谓语动词的用法总结语法要点回顾:非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是指在句子中充当其他成分,不具备表示主谓关系的动词形式。
常见的非谓语动词包括不定式、分词和动名词。
它们的用法较灵活,以下是对非谓语动词的用法进行总结和回顾。
一、不定式的用法1. 作主语不定式可以作为句子的主语,常用句型为:To do... is...例句:To learn a foreign language is important for communication.2. 作宾语不定式可以作及物动词的宾语,常用句型为:Verb + to do...例句:He wants to watch a movie tonight.3. 作目的状语不定式可以表示动作或目的的目的,常用句型为:In order to do... / To do...例句:She studies hard in order to enter a good university.4. 作结果状语不定式可以表示动作或目的的结果,常用句型为:So as to do... / In order to do...例句:He saved money so as to buy a new car.5. 作定语不定式可以修饰名词,常用句型为:Noun + to do...例句:She needs a person to help her with the project.6. 作状语不定式可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果等方面的状语,常用句型为:(To do...)…例句:- We woke up early to catch the train.- I came here today to see you.二、分词的用法1. 现在分词作定语现在分词可以修饰名词,常用句型为:Noun + V-ing...例句:The running water sounds very pleasant.2. 过去分词作定语过去分词可以修饰名词,常用句型为:Noun + V-ed...例句:The broken vase needs to be replaced.3. 分词短语作状语分词和分词短语可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果等方面的状语。
非谓语动词讲解(超全
非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
与主谓结构不同,非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。
在英语中,非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的,但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。
1. 动词不定式(to-infinitive)动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I want to go to the zoo.(我想去动物园。
)- 主语:To speak English fluently is important for your career.(流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。
)- 状语:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买了些杂货。
)- 定语:She needs a pen to write her essay.(她需要一支笔来写作文。
)2. 动名词(gerund)动名词是将动词加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:I enjoy reading books in my spare time.(我闲暇时喜欢读书。
)- 主语:Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。
)- 状语:She left the party early, feeling tired.(她因为感觉累了,所以提前离开了聚会。
)- 定语:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。
)3. 现在分词(present participle)现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如:- 宾语:He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.(他喜欢周末踢足球。
)- 主语:Listening to music helps me relax.(听音乐帮助我放松。
初中英语非谓语动词讲解
初中英语非谓语动词讲解在初中英语的学习中,非谓语动词是一个比较重要且有一定难度的语法点。
理解和掌握非谓语动词对于提高英语语言的运用能力有着至关重要的作用。
那么,什么是非谓语动词呢?非谓语动词就是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
我们先来看看动词不定式。
动词不定式的基本形式是“to +动词原形”,比如“to study”“to play”。
它在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
作主语时,通常把动词不定式放在句首,谓语动词用单数形式。
例如:“To learn English well is not easy”(学好英语不容易。
)不过,为了避免句子头重脚轻,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语动词不定式后置,比如:“It is not easy to learn English well”作宾语的情况也很常见,比如“want to do sth”(想要做某事)“decide to do sth”(决定做某事)。
作定语时,动词不定式通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,例如:“I have a lot of homework to do”(我有很多作业要做。
)作状语时,可以表示目的、结果等。
比如“He came here to see me”(他来这儿是为了看我。
)“He is too young to go to school”(他太小了,不能上学。
)作宾语补足语的例子有“ask sb to do sth”(让某人做某事)“tell sb to do sth”(告诉某人做某事)。
接下来是动名词。
动名词是由动词+ ing 形式构成,比如“studying”“playing”。
动名词具有名词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,例如:“Swimming is good for health”(游泳对健康有益。
非谓语动词语法讲解新.pptx
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动词不定式的基本形式
一般式
主动语态
to do
被动语态
to be done
完成式 进行式
to have done to be doing
to have been done
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动词不定式在句中承担的成分
1.作主语 2.作表语 3.作宾语 4.作宾语补足语 5.作定语 6.作状语
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(1)主语 Subject
To get enough sleep at night is important.
It_i_s__i_m_p_o_r_t_a_n_t__t_o__g_e_t__e_n_o_u_g_h__s_l_e_e_p__a_t_.night 不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语.
改错: He was heard talk to his mother for
an hour.
to talk
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(5)定语 Attributive
The topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.
It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do.
It takes sb +time to do.
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巩固练习1
1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)
非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)大家好,今天我们来聊聊非谓语动词的用法。
非谓语动词就是不直接跟在主语后面的动词,它们可以表示动作的状态、时间、原因、目的等等。
那么,非谓语动词有哪些用法呢?我们一起来看看吧!1. 动词不定式动词不定式是最常见的非谓语动词形式,它由“to”加上动词原形构成。
例如:I want to go home.(我想回家。
)She likes to read books.(她喜欢读书。
)They need to finish their homework.(他们需要完成作业。
)2. 动名词动名词是由动词加上“-ing”构成的名词,它可以表示动作的状态或者作为主语、宾语等。
例如:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)I enjoy reading books in my spare time.(我喜欢在业余时间看书。
)He suggested having a picnic in the park.(他建议在公园里野餐。
)3. 过去分词过去分词是由动词加上“-ed”构成的形容词,它可以表示动作的完成或者作为定语、状语等。
例如:The movie was interesting.(这部电影很有趣。
)He has finished his work.(他已经完成了工作。
)The broken vase should be thrown away.(那个打破的花瓶应该扔掉。
)4. 现在分词现在分词是由动词加上“-ing”构成的形容词,它可以表示动作正在进行或者作为定语、状语等。
例如:Walking in the park is good for your health.(在公园里散步对身体有好处。
)She is studying English at the moment.(她现在正在学英语。
)The running water sounds very soothing.(流水声听起来很舒缓。
非谓语动词语法讲解
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I prefer to stay at home today.(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling.(惯常行为) 一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如:realize,know,understand,see,lose等,多用不定式 如:I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.
作 定 语
作 状 语
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,只能用作状语.
ed as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,
▲B.在语态上,ing分词表“主动”,ed分词表“被动”(多为及物动词)
The platform having been built will be used to perform on. × 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. √ 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing.
非谓语动词语法详解
非谓语动词语法详解.一.主语.1. 动名词和不定式作主语时,都可以用it 作形式主语,构成句型:it +be +表语+to do /doing sth. 当用作表语的是important , essential, necessary , unnecessary, possible, impossible, easy , difficult 等表示客观情况的形容词时,常用不定式作主语;当用作表语的是no use, no good, useful, useless, worth, worth while, a waste of time 等表主观短语时,常用动名词作主语。
Eg: it is important for us students to learn english well.It is impossible for them to finish the work within two hours.It is no use arguing with him about the matter.I don’t think it’s much good writing to him.It’s a waste of time trying to persuade her to agree.2.动名词短语作主语时表示抽象动作,通常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;不定式作主语表示具体动作,往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。
Eg: lying is wrong. (泛指)To lies is wrong. (特指)It’s no use crying over split milk.He realized that it was no use to go on like this.二.. 非谓语作宾语1.1)Would you mind lending me your English dictionary for a while?2) She can’t help crying after she listened to the sad story .3) I suggested trying it in a different way .4) I ‘ve been looking forward to hearing from you for a long time.5) He insisted on finishing the work before going home.6) Upon returning from Beijing, he went to visit his friends.7) He took a great delight in helping others.8) he didn’t metion having met me .9) I still remember having ever worked with him .10) I enjoyed watching TV program in the evening.11) the car needs reparing .12) the problem deserves explaining .13) This phonomenon requires studying carefully.14) The book is worth reading We don’t allow smoking in the classroom.He dislikes seeing her again.Mary is considering going abroad.Have you finished checking these machines?Working conditions keep improving, and production keeps going up , as well. He really appreciates having time to relax.He is fond of learning English.She left without telling me.1) I need to fetch a tape from a friend2) do you want me to find one stamp for you ?3) I have arranged to meet here at 10:00.I’d prefer to walk there this morning.I’d hate to leave you like that .She’d like to chat with university students.扩:1) agree , afford , aim , apply , arrange, ask , choose, claim, decide, demand, determine, fail , hope , learn , offer, plan , pretend, promise, refuse, want 等后只用to do .2)admit , allow , appreciate , avoid , consider, deny , dislike, encourage,enjoy, escape , excuse, finish , forbid , imagine, keep , mind , permit , practice 等词后只用doing3)stop doing sth / to do sth 停止做某事/停下来去做某事remember doing sth/ to do sth. 记得做过某事/记住要去做某事forget doing sth/ to do sth 记了做过某事/ 忘了做某事regret doing sth / to do sth 后悔做过某事/ 遗憾地。
高考非谓语动词讲解及运用
高考非谓语动词讲解及运用非谓语动词是指动词的非主谓结构形式,包括动词的不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词在英语语法中具有重要的作用,在高考中也是考察的重点之一。
下面是关于非谓语动词的讲解及运用的相关参考内容。
一、动词的不定式1. 不定式作主语:To learn a foreign language well is important.学好一门外语很重要。
2. 不定式作宾语:He wants to buy a new phone.他想要买一部新手机。
3. 不定式作表语:Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 不定式作定语:I have a book to read.我有一本书要读。
5. 不定式作状语:She came to help us.她来了帮助我们。
二、动名词1. 动名词作主语:Smoking is harmful to health.吸烟对健康有害。
2. 动名词作宾语:I enjoy watching movies.我喜欢看电影。
3. 动名词作表语:His favorite activity is swimming.他最喜欢的活动是游泳。
4. 动名词作定语:The running water is clean.流动的水很干净。
5. 动名词作状语:He fell asleep while studying.他在学习时睡着了。
三、分词1. 现在分词作定语:The crying baby needs attention.哭泣的婴儿需要注意。
2. 过去分词作定语:The broken glass needs to be cleaned up. 破碎的玻璃需要清理。
3. 现在分词作状语:She entered the room, smiling happily.她微笑着快乐地走进了房间。
4. 过去分词作状语:Being tired, she decided to take a nap.因为疲倦,她决定小睡一会儿。
非谓语动词用法讲解与运用
非谓语动词用法讲解与运用1. 动名词(-ing形式):动名词可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to your health.(作主语)- I enjoy swimming in the sea.(作宾语)- He bought a book about cooking.(作定语)- She came back, carrying a heavy bag.(作状语)2. 不定式(to + 动词原形):不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
例如:- To learn a foreign language is helpful for your career.(作主语)- He wants to go to the cinema tonight.(作宾语)- This is a good place to relax.(作定语)- She hurriedly left the room to catch the bus.(作状语)3. 分词(-ed或-ing形式):分词可以作定语、状语等。
例如:- The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语)- I saw a man crossing the road.(作定语)- She entered the room, smiling happily.(作状语)此外,还有一些常见的非谓语动词搭配:- 动名词搭配:keep doing sth.(坚持做事)、can't help doing sth.(忍不住做事)、enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做事)等。
- 不定式搭配:(be) going to do sth.(打算做事)、would liketo do sth.(想要做事)、be able to do sth.(能够做事)等。
- 分词搭配:a man dressed in black(一个穿着黑色衣服的男人)、a book written by Shakespeare(一本由莎士比亚写的书)等。
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(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语:
inf
完成式:(先与谓语动词之 to have made 前发生) 进式:(在谓语动词动作 to be making 发生时正在进行)
2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份
成份 类别
主 宾 表 定 宾 语 语 语 语 补 时
间
状
语
条 原 目 件 因 的
结 果
方 让 式 步
伴 随
不定 式 现在 × × 分词
非谓语动词
语法讲解
I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表:
及物与不及物
语态 类别 时态 一般式:(与谓语动词同时 making 发生) being made going
vt. vi. 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态
ing
完成式:(先与谓语动词之 having made 前发生) (不作定语)
having been made (不作定语)
(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近:
like,love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer, continue, intend,attempt等. e.g:I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral
3.分词的用法比较
A.在时态上
ing分词表“进行” ed分词表“完成”
1.China is a developing country =a country which is developing. 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed. 3.I found him gone. =that he had gone.(表完成)
(作状语)
1.This
cup is broken. (作表语 2.This is a broken cup. (作表语) 3.I found the cup broken.(作宾语补足语) 4.Broken by Tom, the cup can’t be used. (作状语) ★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.
having gone (不作定语)
ed
只有一般式:(不强调时间 先后,只说明原因、条 件等) 一般式:(与谓语动词(几 乎)同时发生)
×
to make
made(表被动) gone(表完成)
to be made to have been made ×
to go to have gone to be going
▲B.在语态上,ing分词表“主动”,ed分词表“被动” (多为及物动词)
1.I saw him writing a short novel. =that he was writing a short novel. 2.He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens. =which was written by Charles Dichens.
1.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足 语、表语、定语、状语等.
1.Swimming is his favourite sport. (作主语) 2.He enjoys swimming. (作宾语) 3.I found him swimming in the river. (作宾补) 4.His favourite sport is swimming. (作表语) 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. (作定语) 6. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.
⑥mean to do (意思是) 打算做某事 mean doing意味着做某事
e.g. :Revolution means librating the productive force. Sorry ,I didn't mean to hurt you.
③remember to do记得要做某事(此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做) e.g.:I remember seeing her once somewhere. You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave home. ④go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing接着做同 一件事 e.g. :She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something. AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel. ⑤try to do企图/想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看 有什么后果发生) e.g. :We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldn’t listen. Let's try doing the work some other way.
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,只 能用作状语.
The platform having been built will be used to perform on. × 作 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ 定 The platform which has been built will be used 语 to perform on. √ 2. Having given her opinion about the building, 作 she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer 状 语 needs repairing.
▲在概念上,ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶
然、将来”. *Swimming (抽象)is my favourite sport and I like swimming(习惯)every day, but I don’t like to swim(具 体)today, I would like to swim(将来)tomorrow.
4.非谓语动词的用法区别
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别:
⑴.下列动词常用不定式作宾语: aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesitate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如:He offered to help us .
(4)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义不同: ①stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事 / stop doing 停下正在做的事 e.g.:Seeing an old man carrying a big bag, I stopped to help him. Hearing the bell ,the students stopped playing and ran into the classroom. ②forget to do忘记做某事(此事未做)/ forget doing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做) He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office. I'll never forget seeing him for the first time.
admit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, advise等。
I prefer to stay at home today.(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling.(惯常行为) *一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如:realize, know,understand,see,lose等,多用不定式 如:I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.
composition . We all like playing (to play) table tennis.
但也有细微区别: *指具体某次的行为常用不定式,指惯常的行为 常用~ing形式. 如:I like reading books of this kind.(惯常行为) I hate to say so,but really I can't go with you.(具体某次行为)