FoodAd 5 Flavor
the chinese medicine(TCM)—中药四气五味英语介绍
sweet
1.functions of tonifying 补益 2.harmonizing of middle warmer 和 中 3.regulating (调节)herbal property 调和药性 4.alleviating pain 缓急止痛
sour
1.has the action of astringing ([ə‘strɪndʒ] vt. 使……收缩; 使……收敛 ) 收敛 2.inducing astringenБайду номын сангаасy ([ə‘strɪndʒənsi] n. 收敛性; 严酷,严峻) 固涩
It
The five flavors
五味
The Five Flavors(五味)
It
contains five basic herbal(adj 药草的,草本的) medicines in a prescription(药味)—pungent [‘pʌndʒənt](adj 辛 的 ),sweet, sour, bitter, and salty . can divided into two parts
It
Yin : pungent, sweet Yang: sour, bitter, and salty
pungent
1.funtion of volatilization [,vɑlətɪlɪ'zeʃən] (挥发性) 发散 2.promoting the circulation of Qi 行 气 3.Invigorating [ɪn'vɪgəreɪtɪŋ] (使 生 气勃勃 )the circulation of blood 活血 4.treat exterior [ɪk‘stɪrɪɚ] ( n.外部 表 面) syndrome 解表 such as herbal ephedra ['ɛfədrɚ] 麻黄
flavor
flavorFlavor: Unraveling the Essence of TasteIntroductionFlavor is an intriguing and multifaceted concept that has captivated human senses for centuries. It is an essential element of our daily lives, influencing our food preferences, social interactions, and even cultural identities. In this document, we will explore the fascinating world of flavor and delve deeper into its various aspects, including its definition, perception, and significance in different aspects of life.1. Defining FlavorFlavor can be defined as the sensory perception created by the combination of taste, aroma, and texture of a particular food or beverage. It is the unique characteristic that distinguishes one food item from another, making it enjoyable and enticing to our taste buds. While taste is limited to the basic sensations of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami, flavor encompasses a wider range of sensory experiences.2. Perception of FlavorThe perception of flavor involves a complex interplay of our senses, namely taste, smell, and touch. When we take a bite of food, our taste buds discern the basic tastes, while the olfactory receptors in our nose identify the aroma. These two senses work together to create a unified flavor experience. Additionally, the texture of food, perceived through our sense of touch, further influences our perception of flavor.3. Influences on FlavorSeveral factors influence the flavor of a particular food or beverage:3.1 Ingredients: The quality and freshness of ingredients playa crucial role in determining the overall flavor of a dish. The combination and balance of various ingredients contribute to the complexity and richness of flavors.3.2 Cooking Techniques: Different cooking techniques, such as grilling, stir-frying, or baking, can enhance or alter the flavor profile of food. The application of heat and variouscooking methods can unlock hidden flavors or create a caramelization effect, adding depth and complexity.3.3 Cultural and Geographical Influences: Flavor preferences are often shaped by cultural and geographical factors. Different cuisines around the world have distinct flavor profiles that reflect the local traditions, ingredients, and cooking methods.4. The Power of FlavorThe significance of flavor extends beyond our taste buds. It has a profound impact on various aspects of our lives:4.1 Food Preferences: Flavor plays a vital role in shaping our food preferences. Pleasurable flavors stimulate our appetite and make us more likely to consume certain foods regularly. It also shapes our food choices, leading to a wide variety of culinary traditions globally.4.2 Social Interactions: Flavor brings people together. Sharinga meal with family and friends fosters social connections and creates shared experiences. The enjoyment of deliciousflavors enhances the dining experience and promotes bonding between individuals.4.3 Health and Nutrition: Flavor is a double-edged sword when it comes to health and nutrition. While some flavorful foods may be unhealthy due to excessive salt, sugar, or unhealthy fats, others, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs, offer not only great flavors but also essential nutrients that support a healthy diet.4.4 Emotional Impact: Flavor has the power to trigger emotional responses. Certain tastes or aromas can evoke memories or emotions, leading to feelings of comfort, nostalgia, or happiness. This aspect of flavor is often utilized in various culinary and marketing strategies.ConclusionFlavor is an intricate and captivating concept that goes beyond mere taste. It encompasses taste, aroma, texture, and the sensory experience as a whole. Its significance in our lives is undeniable, influencing our food preferences, social interactions, and even emotional well-being. Exploring the diverse world of flavors allows us to appreciate the artistryand creativity behind the foods we love and broadens our understanding of the cultural and societal impact of flavor.。
食品化学第九章 食品风味
第二节 味觉
一、味觉基本知识
是指食物在人的口腔内对味觉器官化学感受系统 的刺激并产生的一种感觉。
不同地域的人对味觉的分类不一样。 ➢ 日本:酸、甜、苦、辣、咸(五类) ➢ 欧美:酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、金属味(六类)。 ➢ 印度:酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、涩味、淡味、不
正常味 ➢ 中国:酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、鲜、涩(7类)。
0.25-0.4nm
0.3nm
味受体
➢此学说不能解释的问题: ✓各种单糖的甜度为何存在差异; ✓D-、L-氨基酸有不同味觉; ✓有些具有这两类基团的物质(多糖和多肽)为何
无甜味却有苦味; ✓没有考虑甜味分子在空间的卷曲和折叠效应。
(2)三点接触学 说(Kier)(补充)
❖ 是对夏氏学说的 补充
(3)诱导适应的甜味受体学说 我国学者曾广植1980年提出。
✓香精得率非常高,且纯度好,无溶剂残留。 缺点:
✓设备成本高。
✓LCO2 实际使用温度0-10℃,压力0.88MPa,为非极性溶剂,能有选择萃取具 有特征香气的轻馏分(MW低于400)。 优点:无溶剂残留;无异味生成;低温 下萃取头香更丰富;特征香气尾香更饱 满;萜类得率比较低。
✓看表9-2两种方法的比较。
➢ 柑橘类水果含有很多黄烷酮糖苷类化合物。
➢ 柚皮苷使果皮带有苦味,被柚皮苷酶切断鼠 李糖和葡萄糖间的1,2键,可脱除苦味。
➢ 工业上制备柑橘果胶时,可以提取柚皮苷酶, 并用固定化技术脱除含过量柚皮苷的葡萄柚 果汁中的柚皮苷。
❖ 氨基酸与多肽类
➢ 氨基酸有多种官能团,能与多种受体作用, 味感丰富。
若在负离子上增加羟基或羧基,将减弱其亲 脂性,使酸味减弱,相反,若在其结构上加 入疏水性基团,则有利于负离子在脂膜上的 吸附,使膜增加对H+的引力.
形容食物味道英文单词大全
形容食物味道英文单词大全Title: A Comprehensive List of English Words to Describe Food Flavors.Introduction.Food is an integral part of our daily lives, and the flavors it brings are often described in a variety of ways. From sweet to savory, spicy to bitter, and everything in between, there are countless adjectives in English that can be used to describe the taste of food. In this article, we will explore a comprehensive list of English words that can be used to describe food flavors, allowing you to convey the taste of your favorite dishes with greater precision.1. Sweet.The first flavor we encounter is sweet, which is described using the adjective "sweet." This flavor is typically associated with sugary foods like desserts,candies, and fruits. However, it can also be found in savory dishes like sweet and sour chicken or sweet potato pie.2. Sour.Opposite to sweet, the adjective "sour" is used to describe foods that have a tart or acidic taste. This flavor is often found in fruits like lemons and limes, as well as in vinegar-based dishes and condiments.3. Salty.Salt is a crucial ingredient in many dishes, and the adjective "salty" is used to describe foods that have a high salt content. This flavor is often associated with preserved foods, like pickles or olives, as well as savory dishes like soups and stews.4. Bitter.Bitter foods are typically described using theadjective "bitter," which is often associated with unripened fruits, vegetables, and herbs. This flavor can also be found in coffee, tea, and some types of chocolate. Bitterness is often described as having a sharp or pungent taste.5. Umami.Umami is a Japanese word that describes a savory, meaty flavor that is often associated with foods like meat, seafood, and certain types of cheese. This flavor is described using the adjective "umami," which is becoming increasingly recognized in the English language.6. Spicy.Spicy foods are described using the adjective "spicy," which refers to the presence of chili peppers or other spicy ingredients. This flavor can range from mild to extremely hot, depending on the amount and type of chili peppers used. Spicy foods are popular in many cuisines around the world.7. Savory.Savory foods are described as having a strong,appetizing flavor that is typically associated with meat, seafood, and vegetables. The adjective "savory" is often used to describe dishes that are rich in flavor and texture.8. Tangy.Tangy foods combine sour and sweet flavors, creating a unique and refreshing taste. The adjective "tangy" is usedto describe foods like pickles, yogurt, and certain typesof fruits. This flavor is often described as having a sharp, zingy taste.9. Garlicky.Garlic is a popular ingredient in many dishes, and the adjective "garlicky" is used to describe foods that have a strong garlic flavor. This flavor is often associated with Italian, Mediterranean, and Asian cuisines.10. Herby.Herbs are a crucial component of many dishes, and the adjective "herby" is used to describe foods that have a strong herbal flavor. This flavor is often associated with fresh vegetables, salads, and soups. Herby foods are typically described as having a fresh, grassy taste.Conclusion.As you can see, there are numerous adjectives in English that can be used to describe the taste of food. From sweet to bitter, savory to spicy, and everything in between, these adjectives allow us to convey the flavor of our favorite dishes with greater precision. Byfamiliarizing yourself with this list of food flavor adjectives, you will be able to describe and enjoy the taste of food even more fully.。
花椒味花生仁真空入味工艺优化及其品质分析
陈晓晴,廖卢艳,吴卫国. 花椒味花生仁真空入味工艺优化及其品质分析[J]. 食品工业科技,2024,45(8):190−199. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023050307CHEN Xiaoqing, LIAO Luyan, WU Weiguo. Optimization of Vacuum Flavoring Technology and Quality Analysis of Pepper-flavored Peanut Kernel[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 190−199. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023050307· 工艺技术 ·花椒味花生仁真空入味工艺优化及其品质分析陈晓晴,廖卢艳,吴卫国*(湖南农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖南长沙 412000)摘 要:花生传统加工方式存在能耗大、入味慢、加工周期长等缺点,为了得到风味更佳的花椒味花生仁休闲食品,本研究采用真空技术与传统技术相结合的加工方式,通过负压时间、负压次数、真空度三个单因素实验筛选真空入味工艺参数条件,以花椒酰胺含量和感官评分为考察指标,在单因素实验的基础上通过响应面试验优化真空入味花椒味花生仁的工艺条件。
结果表明,各因素对花椒味花生仁的影响顺序为负压时间>负压次数>真空度,最佳工艺参数为负压时间100 s 、负压次数6 次、真空参数0.80 MPa 。
该最佳工艺制作的花椒花生仁蛋白质含量为27%,脂肪含量为57%,过氧化值和酸价均符合国家的标准,感官评分为93.1分。
本研究以推动标准化加工的坚果休闲食品全产业链提供参考,促进坚果休闲食品产业的可持续发展。
关键词:花生仁,加工方式,响应面优化,品质分析本文网刊:中图分类号:TS202.1 文献标识码: B 文章编号:1002−0306(2024)08−0190−10DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023050307Optimization of Vacuum Flavoring Technology and Quality Analysisof Pepper-flavored Peanut KernelCHEN Xiaoqing ,LIAO Luyan ,WU Weiguo *(College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 412000, China )Abstract :The traditional processing method of peanuts has drawbacks such as high energy consumption, slow flavor absorption, and long processing cycles, to get better flavor of pepper-flavored peanut kernel snack food, this study used the vacuum technology combining with traditional technology to optimize by examining the effect of negative pressure time,negative pressure times and vacuum degree on the content of zanthoxylamide and sensory score using a combination of single factor method and response surface design. The results showed that the order of influence of various factors on pepper-flavored peanut kernels was negative pressure time>negative pressure frequency>vacuum degree. The optimal process parameters were negative pressure time of 100 seconds, negative pressure frequency of 6 times, and vacuum parameter of 0.80 MPa. The protein and fat content of pepper-flavored peanut kernels produced by this optimal process were 27% and 57%, respectively. The peroxide value and acid value meet national standards, and the sensory score was 93.1 points. This study would provide a reference for promoting the standardized processing of the entire nut snack food industry chain, and promoted the sustainable development of the nut snack food industry.Key words :peanut kernel ;processing method ;response surface optimization ;quality analysis花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)别名长生果,原产于热带、亚热带的南美洲地区,是全世界第四大油料农作物,同时也是食用油脂和植物蛋白的重要来源[1−2]。
10增味剂
弱, pH 在6~7呈味最强。 对热稳定,加热至120℃失去结晶水,约在
270℃发生分解。
安全性 小鼠LD50为16200mg/Kg,ADI为0~120mg/Kg
,本ADI不适用于12周以内的婴儿。
(二)鸟苷酸二钠(guanosine 5-monophosphate,简称GMP)
大约强10~20倍。如强力味精就是88%~95%的谷 氨酸钠与12%~5%的肌苷酸钠的混合 肌苷酸和鸟苷酸是构成核本酸的成分,故它对人体 是安全而有益的, ADI不需特殊规定。
(四)鸡精
鸡肉提取物 是鸡肉成分在一定条件下处理所得到的产物。主要 成分包括蛋白质、肽类、氨基酸等,具有鸡肉的特征香气和滋味。 在鸡精生产中,鸡肉提取物可以起到提供鸡肉香气、赋予鸡肉口 感,赋予产品鲜美、醇厚的综合口感。
3.干燥加工过程 通过干燥加工过程可以将产品制成粉 状或造粒。此过程有降低产品的水分和防止霉变、便于保 存的作用。
4.包装过程 把成品用不同形式的包装材料进行包装。
鸡精调味料生产工艺所需设备
破碎机、蒸煮锅、夹层锅 砂轮磨、胶体磨
Байду номын сангаас
沸腾干燥制粒机
① 原辅料加工设施(选料、切碎、蒸煮设施等);
②
出现吸潮、板结等现象,影响产品的货架寿命。
鸡精调味料生产加工工艺
本生产流程:
原料→前处理→搅拌、混合→浓缩、干燥→包装 →成品 1. 原料处理过程 包括从原料鸡开始生产鸡粉配料,
经水相抽提、浓缩、乳化、调和、喷雾干燥等工艺,使天 然鸡肉中所富含的有效成分和鲜香味物质得到最大限度地 提取,产品具有真实的鸡肉风味。 2.混合过程 将生产鸡精的配料按不同的工艺要求进行 混合,混合的方式可以是固体混合,也可以是液体(半固 体)均质等等。
flavor的拆分速记法
flavor的拆分速记法"Flavor"是一个常见的英语单词,它通常用于描述食物或饮料的口味或香气。
为了更有效地记忆这个单词,我们可以将其拆分成几个部分,然后使用速记法来记忆。
我们可以将“flavor”拆分成三个部分:弗拉(la)、沃(or)、以及斌(bin)。
接下来,我们可以使用以下方法来记忆这三个部分:弗拉(la):这个部分可以想象成一个盘子,上面放着一块美味的披萨。
披萨的口味多种多样,包括意大利香肠、番茄酱、芝士和罗勒叶。
这个部分的记忆提示是“口味丰富”。
沃(or):这个部分可以想象成一个瓶子,里面装着调味料。
在储物柜里,我们可以找到各种香料、酱料、蔬菜和肉类。
这个部分的记忆提示是“储物柜”。
将这三个部分组合在一起,就形成了“flavor”这个单词。
通过这种拆分速记法,我们可以更轻松地记住这个单词,并且能够更快速地回忆起它的含义。
除了这种拆分速记法,还有一些其他的技巧可以帮助我们更有效地记忆单词:声音记忆法:将单词的发音与单词的含义联系起来。
例如,“flavor”这个词的发音可以与“弗拉沃”联系起来,这两个词的发音类似。
通过这种方式,我们可以更容易地记住单词的拼写和含义。
语境记忆法:将单词放在一个句子或短语中,通过上下文来帮助记忆。
例如,“the flavor of the pizza is delicious”(披萨的味道很美味),这个句子可以帮助我们记住“flavor”这个单词的含义和用法。
重复记忆法:反复地重复单词的拼写和含义,直到记住为止。
这个方法可能需要花费一些时间,但是通过不断地重复,我们可以更深刻地记住一个单词。
无论使用哪种方法来记忆单词,关键是要找到适合自己的方法,并且坚持不断地练习和复习。
通过不断地努力和练习,我们可以逐渐扩大自己的词汇量,提高自己的语言能力。
flavor形容词
flavor形容词Flavor形容词是描述食物味道的词汇。
食物美味程度的判断往往与它的口感相连,而口感的评价也离不开相对应的flavor形容词。
本篇文章将从以下几个方面分步骤阐述这些词汇。
第一步,描述食品的咸味。
咸味的评价是衡量食物可口程度的重要指标。
具有“咸”的特征的flavor形容词有salty(咸的)、briny (咸海风味的)和salt-cured(用盐腌制的)。
如果食物过于咸,就会使人产生口渴和口舌生疮的不适。
第二步,描述食品的甜味。
甜味是食物中的另一种主要味道。
描述食物甜味的flavor形容词有sweet(甜的)和sugary(含糖多的)。
而如果甜味过度,则会破坏食品的原本味道。
第三步,描述食品的酸味。
酸味是一种令人耳目一新的味道,能够增添食品的活力和清爽感,然而过多的酸味却会变味。
形容食品酸感的flavor形容词有sour(酸的)和tart(略带酸味的)。
第四步,描述食品的辣味。
辣味是一种强烈而富有特色的味道,可以提高美食的食欲盎然感,但越来越多的人对辣味的感受不仅仅只是麻辣可口,更多是对舌头和胃部积压痛苦的厌烦。
形容食品辣味的flavor形容词有spicy(辣的)和hot(辛辣的)。
第五步,描述食品的苦味。
苦味虽不常见于美食中,但是某些人群却享受其中。
比方说黑咖啡、苦味巧克力,就是品味苦味爱好者的极致享受。
形容食品苦味的flavor形容词有bitter(有苦味的)。
综合以上分析,flavor形容词是食品的味觉体验的真实反射,一个食品涵盖多个属性的flavor形容词,也是衡量它真正的品质的综合判断。
当然,个人口味千奇百怪,对味道的喜好和适应不一,因此需要根据自己口味的不同,对食品喜好的flavor形容词做出选择,才能真正发掘食品的美味精华。
基于分子感官科学的肉制品风味研究进展
关海宁,赵士发,刘登勇,等. 基于分子感官科学的肉制品风味研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技,2024,45(6):352−361. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023040114GUAN Haining, ZHAO Shifa, LIU Dengyong, et al. Research Progress of Meat Product Flavor Based on Molecular Sensory Science[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(6): 352−361. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023040114· 专题综述 ·基于分子感官科学的肉制品风味研究进展关海宁1,2,赵士发1,刘登勇1, *,刁小琴1, *,闵 爽1(1.渤海大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁省食品安全重点实验室,生鲜农产品贮藏加工及安全控制技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,辽宁锦州 121013;2.烹饪科学四川省高等学校重点实验室,四川旅游学院,四川成都 610100)摘 要:肉制品中含有大量的风味化合物(主要为香气与滋味化合物),然而只有极少部分影响着产品的最终风味。
如何从大量的风味化合物中分离并鉴定出关键的香气或滋味化合物,是肉制品风味及其品质研究的热点问题。
分子感官科学是分析化学、食品感官评价科学等多学科交叉的一门系统科学,其研究方法可以很好地解决上述问题。
本文概述了分子感官科学在肉制品中的应用,并对分子感官科学不同分析技术的优缺点进行了归纳总结,同时对分子感官科学的评价方法进行了阐述,突出了重组与缺失实验对于进一步确认关键风味组分的重要性,为肉制品风味领域的研究、感官技术创新提供了一定的实践借鉴与理论依据。
中国传统菜系口味的单词
中国传统菜系口味的单词
以下是一些常见的中国传统菜系口味的英文表达:
1. 甜(Sweet):用于形容甜食或带有甜味的菜肴。
2. 酸(Sour):用于形容酸味菜肴或调味料。
3. 辣(Spicy):用于形容辣味菜肴或调味料。
4. 咸(Salty):用于形容咸味菜肴或调味料。
5. 苦(Bitter):用于形容苦味菜肴或调味料。
6. 鲜(Savory):用于形容鲜美、可口的菜肴。
7. 香(Fragrant):用于形容菜肴的香气。
8. 油腻(Greasy):用于形容油腻的菜肴或油脂多的食物。
9. 清淡(Light):用于形容口味清淡、不油腻的菜肴。
10. 醇厚(Rich):用于形容味道浓郁、丰富的菜肴。
这些词汇可以帮助你描述中国传统菜系的不同口味特点。
需要注意的是,口味的描述可能因个人喜好和地区差异而有所不同。
食品感官评定术语
食品感官评定术语1. 香味 (Aroma): 食品的气味,通常用来描述食品的味道和香气。
2. 口感(Texture): 食品的质地和口感,如柔软、脆韧、滑润等。
3. 味道 (Taste): 食品的味觉感受,包括甜、咸、酸、苦等不同味道。
4. 酸度 (Acidity): 食品的酸味强度,可用来描述柠檬、醋等食品的酸度。
5. 甜度 (Sweetness): 食品的甜味强度,如糖、蜂蜜等的甜度。
6. 咸度 (Saltiness): 食品的咸味强度,如盐、酱油等的咸度。
7. 苦味(Bitterness): 食品的苦味感受,如咖啡、苦菜等的苦味。
8. 辣度(Spiciness): 食品的辣味强度,如辣椒、花椒等的辣度。
9. 鲜度 (Freshness): 食品的新鲜度,通常指海鲜、肉类等的新鲜程度。
10. 香脆度 (Crispiness): 食品的脆度程度,如炸鸡、薯条等的脆度。
11. 风味 (Flavor): 食品的特有风味,如海鲜的鲜味、巧克力的浓郁味道等。
12. 韧度 (Chewiness): 食品的咀嚼口感和韧性,如牛肉、口香糖等的韧度。
13. 喷香度 (Fragrance): 食品的香气强度和芬芳程度,如薄荷、橘子等的喷香度。
14. 滑腻度 (Creaminess): 食品的滑腻口感,如奶油、冰淇淋等的滑腻度。
15. 酥脆度 (Crunchiness): 食品的酥脆程度,如饼干、薯片等的酥脆度。
16. 醇厚度 (Richness): 食品的浓郁口感,如巧克力、奶酪等的醇厚度。
17. 柔软度 (Softness): 食品的柔软程度,如软糖、蛋糕等的柔软度。
18. 清爽度 (Refreshness): 食品的清新感,如水果、薄荷等的清爽度。
19. 口润度 (Moistness): 食品的湿润感,如肉类、面包等的口润度。
20. 油腻度 (Greasiness): 食品的油腻感,如炸鸡、油炸食品等的油腻度。
flavor的概念
flavor的概念
"Flavor" 在不同的上下文中可能有不同的含义。
以下是一些常见的解释:
1. 味道:在食品和烹饪领域,"flavor" 通常指食物的味道或风味。
它是由味觉和嗅觉感知的复杂组合,可以包括甜、咸、酸、苦、辣等基本味道,以及各种香气和风味化合物。
2. 调味料:"Flavor" 也可以指用于增添或改变食物味道的调味料或香料。
这些调味料可以是天然的,如香草、香料、醋、酱油等,也可以是合成的,如味精(MSG)等。
3. 风味特征:除了味觉和嗅觉,"flavor" 还可以涵盖食物的口感、质地和温度等方面。
例如,食物的脆度、柔软度、油腻感等都可以被认为是其风味特征的一部分。
4. 产品特点:在其他领域,如消费产品、电子设备或软件中,"flavor" 可以指产品的特定版本或变体,通常是为了满足不同用户群体或市场需求而设计的。
5. 个人偏好:"Flavor" 也可以指个人对某种食物、音乐、艺术或其他体验的偏好或喜好。
例如,某人可能有特定的音乐"flavor",喜欢某种类型的音乐。
"flavor" 是一个广泛的概念,可以涉及味觉、嗅觉、产品特点和个人偏好等方面。
具体含义取决于上下文和使用领域。
flavor 种类
flavor 种类口味是指食物或饮料所具有的特定风味或气味。
不同的食物和饮料可以具有不同的口味,而每种食物和饮料都可以分为多种不同的种类。
在食物和饮料的世界中,有各种各样的味道可以满足人们的口味需求。
无论是甜味、咸味、酸味、苦味还是辣味,每种味道都有其独特的特点和吸引力。
首先,甜味是一种令人愉悦的味道。
它可以通过添加糖或甜味剂来实现。
糖在食物和饮料中具有广泛的应用,从甜点和蛋糕到饮料和果汁,人们总是对甜味情有独钟。
甜味不仅可以增加食物的可口性,还可以带来愉悦的感受。
咸味是一种具有独特吸引力的味道。
它可以通过添加盐或其他咸味调料来实现。
咸味可以提升食物的鲜美度,增加口感。
许多人喜欢吃盐味的零食,如薯片和坚果。
此外,许多传统菜肴和汤类美食也离不开咸味的调配。
酸味是一种令人耳目一新的味道。
它可以通过添加柠檬汁、醋或其他酸性成分来实现。
酸元素可以增加食物和饮料的鲜明度和清新感。
许多饮料和酒类饮品都具有酸味,如柠檬水、苹果醋和葡萄酒。
此外,许多传统的亚洲菜肴也善于使用醋和柠檬来平衡菜肴的味道。
苦味是一种特殊的味道。
它可以通过使用苦味成分,如咖啡、可可粉或苦草来实现。
尽管苦味对于某些人来说可能不太受欢迎,但对一些人来说,它是一种独特的享受。
苦味常常与咖啡和巧克力等产品相关联。
辣味是一种令人兴奋的味道。
它可以通过添加辣椒、辣椒粉或其他辣味调料来实现。
辣味可以带来刺激和热辣的感觉,激发味蕾。
许多亚洲和拉美美食以其辣味而闻名,如墨西哥的墨西哥卷饼和印度的咖喱菜。
除了以上几种基本的口味外,还有一些其他特殊的口味种类。
例如,麻辣味、香味、苦甜味等等。
每个人对不同口味的喜好各不相同,而世界上的食物和饮料的多样性正是在于这些不同的口味。
总之,口味是食物和饮料的重要组成部分,种类繁多。
无论是甜味、咸味、酸味、苦味还是辣味,每种口味都在不同的食物和饮料中发挥着特定的作用。
每个人对口味的偏好也不同,因此世界上有各种各样的食物和饮料来满足人们不同的口味需求。
食品渗香工艺流程
食品渗香工艺流程Food permeation and aroma technology is a complex process that involves enhancing the flavor and fragrance of food products. 食品渗香工艺是一项复杂的过程,涉及增强食品产品的口味和香气。
One key aspect of this process is the use of permeation techniques to infuse flavors and aromas into food products. 这一过程的关键方面是利用渗透技术将口味和香气注入食品产品中。
Through techniques such as marination, smoking, and brining, food products can be transformed into more flavorful and aromatic offerings. 通过腌制、烟熏和腌制等技术,食品产品可以被转化为更具口味和香气的产品。
The science behind food permeation and aroma technology involves understanding how flavors and aromas interact with food matrices on a molecular level. 食品渗香工艺背后的科学涉及理解口味和香气如何在分子水平上与食品基质相互作用。
By manipulating factors such as temperature, pressure, and time, food scientists can control the permeation process to achieve desired flavor profiles. 通过操纵温度、压力和时间等因素,食品科学家可以控制渗透过程,以实现所需的口味。
各种口味英语词汇
各种口味英语词汇English:There are countless types of flavors in the world, and they can be found in different foods and drinks. One of the most common flavors is sweet, which can be found in candy, fruit, and even some vegetables. Sour is another popular flavor, often found in fruits like lemons and oranges or in vinegar-based dressings. Salty is found in a variety of foods from potato chips to cured meats. Bitter can be found in foods like coffee and dark chocolate, while umami is a savory flavor often found in meats, mushrooms, and soy sauce. Spicy flavors, like those found in hot peppers, can add an extra kick to dishes. Other flavors like floral, herbal, and earthy can be found in teas and other specialty foods.Translated content:世界上有无数种口味,可以在不同的食物和饮料中找到。
其中最常见的口味之一是甜味,可以在糖果、水果甚至一些蔬菜中找到。
酸味是另一种流行的口味,常常出现在柠檬和橙子等水果中或者是在基于醋的调味品中。
flavor 编译
flavor 编译摘要:1.什么是Flavor?2.Flavor在编程中的作用3.如何使用Flavor进行编程?4.Flavor的优势和局限性5.总结正文:随着编程技术的不断发展,越来越多的编程语言和框架应运而生。
Flavor,作为一种编程概念,旨在为开发者提供一种灵活、可扩展的编程方式。
本文将介绍Flavor的定义、作用、使用方法以及优劣势,帮助读者更好地理解和应用这一概念。
1.什么是Flavor?Flavor,中文意为“风味”,在编程领域中,它指的是一种可插拔的、可扩展的编程模块,可以使编程语言、框架或库具有特定的功能或风格。
通过使用Flavor,开发者可以在不影响现有代码的基础上,为程序添加新的功能或特性。
2.Flavor在编程中的作用Flavor在编程中的作用主要体现在以下几点:- 提高代码的可扩展性:Flavor使得开发者可以在不修改核心代码的情况下,为程序添加新功能,便于维护和更新。
- 促进模块化:Flavor鼓励开发者将功能分解为独立的模块,有利于代码的组织和复用。
- 降低耦合度:Flavor使用插件式架构,可以降低不同模块之间的耦合度,提高程序的灵活性。
- 易于定制:Flavor可以让开发者根据需求定制自己的编程环境,提高编程效率。
3.如何使用Flavor进行编程?要使用Flavor进行编程,首先需要选择一款支持Flavor的编程语言、框架或库。
然后,根据需求编写相应的Flavor模块,将其插入到程序中,实现所需功能。
在使用过程中,需要注意以下几点:- 遵循Flavor的设计规范:不同编程语言和框架的Flavor可能有不同的规范,需按照规范进行编写。
- 保持代码简洁:Flavor模块应专注于实现特定功能,避免过度耦合和代码冗余。
- 测试:为Flavor模块编写测试用例,确保其功能正确无误。
4.Flavor的优势和局限性Flavor的优势:- 灵活性:Flavor允许开发者根据需求定制编程环境,提高编程效率。
第四章鲜味剂
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核苷酸呈味条件
核苷酸有多种异构体,在核糖部 分的2`、3`、5`位碳原子均可连接磷酸 基,但只有在5`位碳原子上连接磷酸基 的5`-核苷酸表现出鲜味剂的活性。
在5`-核苷酸中,需要在嘌呤部分的 第6位碳原子上有一个羟基才能产生鲜 味。
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只有在5`位碳原子上的磷酸基 中两个羟基解离后才能产生鲜味, 因此,所有的核苷酸鲜味剂都只有 以二钠(或二钾、钙)盐的形式才 有鲜味,如果羟基被酯化或酰胺化, 鲜味也就失去了。
1956年,日本以淀粉水解糖为原料,
经过谷氨酸棒杆菌发酵,生产L-谷氨酸
取得成功,1957年实现工业化生产。
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1962年,日本以丙烯腈为原料生 产DL-谷氨酸,再经拆分得到L-谷氨 酸。实现了化学法生产谷氨酸的工业 化生产。
1973,日本用天门冬氨酸酶将延 胡索酸转化生产天门冬氨酸,并实现 工业化生产。
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❖ 2.L-丙氨酸
❖ 具有甜及鲜味,与其它鲜味剂合用可以增效。分 子式:C3H7NO2分子量:89.90,熔点:2 97℃分解。结构CH3NH2CHCOOH, 属于非必需氨基酸,是血液中含量最多的氨基酸, 有重要的生理作用。用于鲜味料中的增效剂。
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❖ 3、甘氨酸
❖ 甘氨酸是结构最简单的氨基酸,广泛存在于 自然界,尤其是在虾、蟹、海胆、鲍鱼等海 产及动物蛋白中含量丰富,是海鲜呈味的主 要成分。我国已达到年产量3000吨左右, 分子式:C2H5NO2;结构式:H2NCH 2COOH;分子量:75.1, 熔点 292℃ 分解。甘氨酸作为鲜味剂,在软饮料、汤料、 咸菜及水产制品中添加甘氨酸可产生出浓厚 的甜味并去除咸味、苦昧。与谷氨酸钠同用 增加鲜味。
food谓语
food谓语1. Delicious - Indicates that the food tastes extremely good and is enjoyable.Example: This pizza is delicious with its perfect combination of cheese, sauce, and toppings. 1.美味-表明这些食物的味道非常好,而且令人愉快。
这款披萨是奶酪、酱汁和配料的完美结合,非常美味。
2. Fresh - Refers to food that is recently harvested or prepared, maintaining its original freshness.Example: The salad is made with fresh vegetables picked from the garden this morning.2.新鲜-指最近收获或准备的食物,保持其原来的新鲜度。
这个沙拉是用今天早上从花园里摘来的新鲜蔬菜做成的。
3. Flavorful - Describes food that is rich and full of distinct flavors.Example: The curry is flavorful, with a perfect blend of spices and herbs.3.美味-描述了丰富和充满独特口味的食物。
咖喱很美味,加入了香料和香草的完美混合。
4. Mouthwatering - Depicts food that looks so delicious that it makes one's mouth water.Example: The aroma of the freshly baked bread is mouthwatering, and the crust is golden and crispy.4.令人垂涎欲滴——描绘的食物看起来非常美味,它能让人流口水。
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Introduction
History
Since the early days of human history, spices have been used to enhance or modify the flavor of food. Chinese has been used Cinnamon肉桂 for Cinnamon肉桂 more than 3000 years. 1492, Columbus discovered Americas on his search for a short passage to China and India— India— sources of valued goods such as silk, spices, and opiates.
Flavors
Taste: Gustatory sensation perceived by tongue, taste buds, and generated by nonvolatile constituents.
Primary tastes (酸,甜,苦,咸,鲜) (酸
Sweetness: sugars. Bitterness: unpleasant, sharp, or disagreeable. Sourness: acidity(H3O+ ions). Saltiness: Na+, or other alkali ions. Umami/Savory: meatiness or relish.鲜味/风味 relish.鲜
Flavors
Aroma: Olfactory sensation perceived by nose, olfactory epithelium, and generated by volatile components.
Known Volatile Compounds
Before 1900’s 1900’ 1960’ 1960’s, 1970’ 1970’s, 1980’ 1980’s, 2000, <100 500 1000 4000 6200
Fatty
Oleic acid, hexanoic acid.
Cooked
Methyl mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide.
Flavors
Flavoring Agents
Natural flavoring substances
Obtained from plant or animal raw materials, by physical, microbiological or enzymatic processes.
Direct interaction of the trigeminal nerve endings in the olfactory membrane and on the tongue with certain chemicals. Pungency(刺激) Pungency(刺激)
Pepper (piperine psicum (capsaicin 辣椒素), 辣椒素),
Flavors contain no major ‘‘characterizing key’’.
Such as strawberry, and chicken.
Flavors
Perceived Flavor Profile of Roast Beef and Its Associated Building Blocks: (Tables 1-4) 1Roasted
Introduction
Natural vs. Synthetic flavors
1800-1900’ 1800-1900’s, >90% natural. 1950’ 1950’s, ~90% synthetic. 19801980-present, ~ 70% natural.
Introduction
Flavors
Taste
Secondary tastes
Fattiness, Dryness, Hotness, etc.
Texture, temperature, etc.
Taste Bud
Flavors
Trigeminal Effects/Mouthfeel口觉(感) Effects/Mouthfeel口觉(
Introduction
History
Spices were used mainly whole or ground. 1600-1800’ 1600-1800’s, renaissance of chemistry: extraction and distillation of essential oils, chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry. 1900’ 1900’s, flavor industry was born based on extraction and synthetic techniques. 1950-1960’s, GC, GC/MS, NMR etc. 1980’s-present, biotechnology, i.e., fermentation and enzymology.
Flavors
Taste
Strong sour taste is also repulsive and prevents the ingestion of unripe fruits and spoiled food, which often contain acids. Bitter taste is evoked by many compounds. The common denominator of most bitter compounds is their pharmacological activity or toxicity. Some receptor molecules that mediate the taste perceptions have been found recently.
NatureNature-identical flavoring substances
Obtained by synthesis or isolated through chemical processes, which are chemically identical to flavoring substances naturally present in products intended for human consumption.
a substance that gives another substance flavor by altering or enhancing the flavors of natural food product such as meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors such as candies and other snacks.
1. The Artistic Approach
The oldest, simplest, and trial by error method. Food flavor is developed dependent on the creator’ creator’s personal ability and training. Artistic powers of the flavor chemist are at work. Flavor chemist tries to associate the flavor profile of the model food with the raw materials that would serve as the building block in the process of flavor reconstitution.
Humans use all their five senses to analyse food quality.
Food that looks and smells attractive is taken into mouth. Based on a complex sensory analysis, taste, smell, touch and hearing, final decision about ingestion or rejection of food is made.
Artificial flavoring substances
Not found in a natural product intended for human consumption, whether or not the product is processed.
Flavor Creation
Flavors
Flavor formulation
Flavors contain one or two major ‘‘characterizing keys’’, the core of the flavor ‘‘characterizing keys’’, profile.
Clove 丁香 - Eugenol 丁香酚, Spearmint 留兰香 – 丁香酚, L-Carvone香芹酮, Peppermint 薄荷 - Menthol 薄荷 Carvone香芹酮, 醇, Lemon peel/lemongrass - Citral 柠檬醛, etc. 柠檬醛,
Astringency(涩味) Astringency(涩味)