新东方语法复习

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新东方语法讲义-高中英语

新东方语法讲义-高中英语

新东方语法讲义一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。

谓语动词的时态见下表:1.主动形式2.被动形式CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。

时间状语从句当中的时态:一般过去时所有的过去用一般现在时表示现在和将来现在完成时现在完成和将来完成一.非谓语动词一.不定式:一)不定式的常考形式:1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前二)不定式常考的考点:1)不定式做定语----将要发生2)不定式做状语----目的3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词:The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原toI ‘d like to have John do it.I have my package weighed.Paul doesn’t have to be ma de to learn.3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do四)有些动词后只跟不定式如:want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。

新东方语法资料整理

新东方语法资料整理

新东方语法资料整理一:概况1、词→简单句→复合句(分词,独立结构)。

2、情态动词:can,could,may,might,must+do,构成一个谓语。

感观动词see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+ do,表示动作的完整性,真实性;+ doing ,表示动作的连续性,进行性;eg:I saw him work in the garden yesterday.(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)3、Buy me a present 宾语(作用于buy)Make me sad 不是宾语(形容me的,并不作用于make)4、补语主要是说明宾语。

表语是补语,be动词后面的补语是标语。

eg:his mother is a government official. 表语5、修饰语:定语,状语,同谓语。

6、否定句中的单、复数,根据肯定句的情况而定。

二:名词性从句1、只用that的情况:a.先行词为不定代词:all,little,none,any,every,no,much,anything,nothing等。

b.先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时:the only,the same,the last,the next等。

c.先行词既有人又有物eg: this is one of the best films that I have ever seen .Films + 复数,cuz先行词为复数;The only one + 单数,唯一情况2、只有which/who/whom 引导非限制性定语从句。

3、关系副词(when/where/how/why)=介词+关系代词(which/what/who/whose/whom/whatever4、定语从句的构建:找出相同的部分,用关系词代替相同的部分,关系词提到最前面(关系词前的介词可提可不提),整句放在先行词的后面,主句其他成分放在定语从句的后面。

最新版新东方高考语法.ppt英语资料全

最新版新东方高考语法.ppt英语资料全

主语从句
什么是句子、成分、语序?
主语部分+谓语部分 (动词/宾语/方式/地点/时间)
句子划分 1简单句-(五)
动词
1分类(情、非) 2.时态(16)
2并列句
3复合句
条件 1.up/out/down 1.never/seldom/hardly… 主语从句
Out rushed the Ss. 2.only
• (2011年新课标) 31. The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination • A.that B.which C.whose D.what • (2009全国I)28. She brought with her three friends, none of_____ I had ever met before. • A. them B. who • C. whom D. these
Where(可转化为at/in+which等
关系副词 When(可转化为on/in+which 等 Why(可转化为for+which等
在 从 句 中 做 状 语
.that
指代sb./sth. 作主语、宾语、表语
• 关系词
关系代词
.which
指代sth.
作主语、表语、宾语、定语 .who 指代sb 作主语、宾语 .whom 指代sb.做宾语、定语
T/G
4/6研
12000
高中
6000
初中
4500
2500
透析考点
1 6 特 殊 20 句 11 式
1 7 介 词 辨 析
1 8 主 谓 一 致

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)1(5)

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)1(5)

k)定语从句的省略结构:(讲义 26 27)1.如果that / which在定从中作obj,可以省略.sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt→s+vt+n+s+v s+vt+n1+n2+vt*当做题时,若发现两个名词在⼀起,但是似乎连不上,则⼀定省略that / which,则动词为vt,做谓语。

2.定从的特殊省略(新题 P92 13)the way (in which) + 句⼦the reason (why that)+句⼦ 均为完整句the time (that / when)+句⼦I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweatest voicein the world.By the time省that+句⼦,句⼦。

3.定从的主系省略(主+系可同时省)即:which be , who be , that be可同时省(讲义P7 17)*在新题中难题常与which be的省略有关(新题 P196 15)l)状语从句的省略结构:(讲义 P8 28 29)Although (it is)native to Europe, svo.Although (she was) affluted by…svo.Even though (it is) costly,svo.省略条件:1)特定的状语从句引导词:although though even though when while if as2)从句为主系表结构3)从句主语与主句主语⼀致。

Alought (主+系)+表,主谓宾。

省略⽅式:a)可以同时省略主+系→连词+表语(a. 分词 svo)b)主系必须同时省c) Alough / Thouth / While / If / As / When +(系表)+a./分词,svo√ ⼀定是答案m)doing结构:(讲义 30 31)doing现在分词→ a./ad.作定于/状语动名词→ n. 作主语/宾语eg:1)Stranving troop have to surrender.现在分词修饰n.,翻译为“…的”2)Transforming faw materials into useful products is called maufacturing. (Transforming:动名词)具有动词特征的n做主语或者宾语,但同时⼜可接宾语,动名词与n为动宾关系,中⼼词为v-ing,翻译为“…的⾏为”。

新东方语法讲义

新东方语法讲义

例句:1.If I had enough money, I would run a company of my own.仿句:1.If I ___ rearrange the alphabet, I ___ put U and I together.2.I have often thought it ___ __ a blessing if each human being ___ stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some timeduring his early adult life. Darkness ___ make him more appreciative of sight; silence ___ teach him the joys of sound.3.If I ___ the president of a university I ___ establish a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”. The professor___ try to show his pupils how they could add joy to their lives by really seeing what passes unnoticed before them.如果我是一名大学校长的话,我会开设一门“如何用眼”的必修课。

教授应该让学生们知道因为他们能够真正看到眼前所发生的一切,这给他们的生活增添了多大的乐趣啊。

例句1.You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.仿句:1.If you ___ ___ Wealth or Success, the other two of us ___ ___ ___ out, but since you invited Love, wherever he goes,we go with him. Wherever there is Love, there is also Wealth and Success.你刚才若是邀请了“财富”或是“成功”两人,那我们其他两人就会留在外面。

新东方高考英语语法强化训练1000题-专项训练-unit 1 冠词、名词、代词和数词

新东方高考英语语法强化训练1000题-专项训练-unit 1 冠词、名词、代词和数词

Part 1 专项训练语法精讲一、冠词冠词用在名词之前,分不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)两类。

考点1 不定冠词1. 表初次提及,非特指表示第一次提及某人或某物,非特指,需使用不定冠词。

The Wilsons live in an A-shaped house near the coast. It is a 17th-century cottage.威尔逊先生一家住在海边一个A 字形的房子里,那是一个17世纪的小屋。

2. 表数量“一个”不定冠词可以表示数量“一个”,意为one;不定冠词用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事,意为a certain。

—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? 您好,我可以和史密斯先生通话吗?—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.对不起,您打错电话了。

这里没有叫史密斯的人。

3. 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后或so(as, too, how)+形容词之后不定冠词可用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后或者用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后。

This room is rather a big one. 这个房间确实很大。

She is so lovely a girl that all of us like her very much.她是如此可爱的一个女孩,我们都非常喜欢她。

4. 用于某些抽象名词之前不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词之前,表示具体化。

It would be a pity to cut down these trees. 如果把这些树砍掉,那太可惜了。

He is a great success as a scientist. 作为科学家,他是一位了不起的成功人士。

新东方超级英语语法

新东方超级英语语法

他很笨拙, 经常无法独自解决问题。
④ If 引导的虚拟语气从句中, 若有had、 were、 should这样的功能词, 可将其置于句首, 省略if。
Were he alive today, he would be pleased to see the changes.
倒装结构分为两种: 完全倒装和部分倒装。前者指谓语结构完全移到主语之前; 后者指部分谓语移到主语之前, 而剩余部分仍在主语之后。
1) 完全倒装的形式主要有以下几种:
① 表时间或方位的状语放在句首, 如now、 then、 away、 down、 up、 out、 in等。
பைடு நூலகம்
Away went my chance of winning! 我失去了取胜的机会!
② 地点副词here、 there 置于句首, 若主语为代词, 则使用正常语序。
Here comes the train. 火车来了。
Here he comes. 他过来了。
Lesson 1 同位语从句
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London.(彩色字体部分为reports的同位语从句)
当伦敦动物园接到报告说在伦敦以南45英里处发现一头野生美洲狮。
(定语从句) 泰国报道的首例禽流感病例受到了世界卫生组织官员的关注。
There are signs that China is speeding up her economy. (同位语从句)
有迹象表明中国正在加快经济建设的步伐。
③ There be 句型的倒装, there之后还可接appear、 stand、 exist、 remain、 seem等动词。

新东方30天词汇语法笔记 (4)

新东方30天词汇语法笔记 (4)

21. They could not go to the theater together because his free time never ______ with hers.A. collideB. complyC. coincideD. copecollide 碰撞,相冲撞collision 冲突bump 撞击bump into 邂逅,偶然遇到comply (with) 遵守(法律法规)adhere (to) 坚持,遵守,粘着conform (to) 符合,遵守(法律法规)cope (with) 处理22. Everyone in the auditorium was weeping by the time he finished the ____ tale.A. perpetualB. vigorousC. ultimateD. patheticdegenerate 退化perpetual 永久的centripetal 向心的centrifugal 离心的vigorous 精力充沛的,强壮的robust 强壮的energetic 激力充沛的,充满活力的ultimate 最后的intimate 亲密的legitimate 合法的pathetic 可怜的,动情的sympathetic 同情的23. We have taken all the ____ we can against the painting being stolen.A. precautionsB. admissionsC. concessionsD. transactions precaution 预防措施,警惕caution 警告24. The ____man would go his own way, in spite of all warnings.A. obedientB. obstinateC. digitalD. elaborateobedient 顺从的,服从的obey 服从digital 数字的,爪子,手指的prodigy 奇迹elaborate 精耕细作的,详细的25. Some flowers, like roses, are famous for their strong ______.A. fragranceB. flavorC. demonD. outlinedelirious 神志不清的delicious 美味的flavor 气味bruise 擦伤cruise 巡游cruiser 巡洋舰brutal 残忍的demon 魔鬼detest 厌恶contest 比赛protest 抗议light 光delight 高兴slight 轻微的,苗条的alight 点亮的blight 枯萎flight 飞行plight 困境depart 离开outline 大纲,轮廓outlook 前景,现象outlet 发泄,出口,出路outcome 结果output 产量outskirt 郊区outdoor 户外的26. The amateur team was _____from the contest in the first round.A. detachedB. excusedC. eliminatedD. distracteddetach 派遣relic 遗弃物eliminate 排除,淘汰limit 界限contest 比赛context 上下文pretext 借口texture 结构,质地27. He is planning another tour abroad, yet his passport will_____ at the end of this month.A. expireB. exceedC. terminateD. ceaseexpire 过期,断气genius 天才inspiration 灵感perspiration 汗水conspiracy 同谋,共谋28. All the off __shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read _____letters from their families.A. sentimentalB. affectionateC. intimateD. sensitivesentimental 多愁善感的affectionate 有感情的intimate 亲密的sensitive 敏感的29. Please _____yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.A. restrainB. hinderC. restrictD. prohibitrestrain 限制,抑制(某人的行为)hinder 阻碍,阻碍restrict=put a limit 限制(时速,物价等)prohibit 禁止hamper 妨碍,约束30. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state____.A. pensionsB. earningsC. salariesD. donationsdonation 捐款generous 慷慨的colony 侨民,殖民地UNIT 51. Important people don't often have much free time as their work____all her time.A. takes awayB. takes overC. takes inD. takes uptake away 拿走take over 接管,监管,移交hand over 移交take in 吸收,欺骗,领会,理解I was simply taken in 我被骗了take up 开始从事,占据2. The braches could hardly_____ the weight of fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remaincontain 包含,包容detain 阻拦,拘留retain 保留,维持,保护attain 获得pertain 相关,从属maintain 坚持,维持pertinent 相关的,中肯的,贴切的pertinently 相关地,中肯地,贴切地continent 大陆sustain 支持,支撑,经历,保持underlying 基本的undergo 经历,经受,承受undertake 承担,负起…的责任underline 强调,划线于…下underscore 强调scores 乐谱notes 音符movement 乐章3. I never trusted him because I always thought of him as such a ____ character.A. graciousB. suspiciousC. uniqueD. particulargracious 谦和的,和善的unique 唯一的particular 特别的4. American women was ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A. ignoredB. neglectedC. refusedD. deniedignore 忽视ignite 点燃neglect 忽视,忽略collect 收集,集中select 挑选,选择elect 选出,选举starry 繁星满天的silently 安静地,默默地emotion 感情flurry 使恐慌,不安empty 空的,空白slightly 轻轻地,些微地imply 暗示penalty 惩罚,点球merry 高兴concern 忧虑,关心occupy 占据,占领occupation 职业luxury 奢侈的many 许多integrity (道德上)正直,诚实confident 自信的genuine 真诚的modest 谦虚的,中庸的rely (on) 依赖truthful 真诚的generous 慷慨的humble 谦逊的,下贱的keep sb occupied for a week 忙了一周5. He made such a ____ contribution to the university that they are naming one of new buildings after him.A. genuineB. minimumC. modestD. generouscolony 侨民,殖民地,群a colony of bees 一群蜜蜂genuine 真诚的,诚实的true 真的,真正的real 真实的,真正的authentic 可信的,真实的minimum 最小值,最小化minimal 最小的minister 部长,大臣administer 管理administration 管理minimize 最小化miniature 微型的,缩小的6. Careful planning and hard work will _______ our final success.A. encloseB. ensureC. dischargeD. denyensure 保证,担保insure 保险policy 保单7. It took him several months to ________ a wild horse.A. tendB. cultivateC. tameD. breedtend (to) 打算做,照看bartender 酒吧招待tender 柔软的,易受伤害的,善良的cult 祭祀的活动,迷信,礼拜cultivate (对人的)培育,培养,耕作culture 文化bargain 讨价还价,谈判barren 贫瘠的,荒凉的barbarian 野蛮人abo=aboriginal 澳洲土著人embarrass 使尴尬bare 光秃的,裸露的assassin 谋杀,暗杀tame 驯化contaminate (化学)污染contamination (化学)污染8. I hate people who ______ end of a film that you haven't seen before.A. reviseB. rewriteC. revealD. reversereveal 揭示,揭露veil 面纱disclose 揭发,泄露uncover 揭露,发现unfold 揭露,打开,展开revise 修改,校对vision 视线supervise 监督supervisor 监考官reverse 颠倒,反转converse 对话,颠倒的,相反的conversation 交谈diverse 不同的,变化多的controversy 争论,辩论universe 宇宙,世界verse 诗歌9. The soldier was _____ of running away when the enemy attacked.A. accusedB. chargedC. scoldedD. punishedaccuse (of) 指控,指责charge (with) 控告,指责scold 责备,责骂punish 惩罚attack 攻击assault 攻击,袭击10. None of the servants was ______ when Mr Smith wanted to send a message.A.availableB.approachableC.attainableD.applicableavailable 可获得的,有用的approachable 可接近的attainable 可获得的applicable 可应用的11. The doctor told Penny that too much ____to the sun is bad for the skin.A. exposureB. extensionC. exhibitionD. expansionexposure 暴露extension 伸展,扩展exhibition 展览expansion 膨胀12. She cut her hair short and tried to _____ herself as a man.A. decorateB. disguiseC. fabricateD. fakedisguise 伪装disgust 恶心,反感awful 恶心的,极度的,可怕的repulsive 恶心的,令人厌恶的nasty 恶心的,淫秽的,下流的,龌龊的navigate 航行,航海navigator 航海者,海员nausea 恶心,晕船13. We need help from the other countries. But we do not _______ on others for support.A. engageB. leanC. stripD. multiplyengage (in) 从事某事engagement 约会lean (on) 依靠,斜靠着,瘦的strip 脱衣destination 目的地detest 厌恶delight 高兴depart 离开multiply 乘以,增加,繁殖comply with 遵守compliant 顺从的compliance 遵守,顺从supply 供给reply 回答imply 暗示multimedia 多媒体multidirectional 多方面的,全方位multiform 多形式的14. We are writing to the manager ______ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.A. with the exception ofB. with the purposeC. with reference toD. with a view to介词+名词+介词其短语的含义取决于中间名词的意思view 视野,风景,观点come into view 看得见,应入眼帘yearling 一岁兽15. Whether their football team will win is a matter of _____ to me.A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD. interestsindifference (to) 冷漠,无兴趣discrimination 歧视,区别deviation 偏差,偏离interest 兴趣16. The coming of the railways in 1830s____ our society and economic life.A.transformedB.transportedC.transferredD. transmittedeconomy 经济economic 经济的economical 节俭的economics 经济学electron 电子electronic 电子的electronics 电子学multiform 多种形式的transport 运输port 港口transplant 移植translate (into) 翻译a big fish 大人物porter 搬运工portable 可搬运的,便携式的export 出口import 进口support 支持visible 可见的appreciable 可欣赏的,值得重视的successful 成功的respectable 可尊敬的conference 会议refer (to) 谈及interfere 干涉,干扰17. If you want to know the train schedule, please ______ at the booking office.A. acquireB. inquireC. requestD. requireacquire 获得require 要求,请求,命令inquire 询问,盘问,追究request 要求18. I am not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can’t make a(n) ____ promise to help you.A. exactB. definedC. definiteD. sureinvestment 投资investigate 调查irrigate 灌溉irritable 激怒的navigate 航行castigate 惩罚mitigate 缓和,调解,减轻sure 确信insure 保险ensure 确保define 限定,下定义final 结束的refine 提纯finance 财政,资金19. It has been revealed that some government leaders ____ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlookabuse 滥用,虐待abnormal 不正常的,反常的overlook 忽视oversee 监督,监视overhear 无意中听到20. Writing is a slow process, requiring ______ thought, time and effort.A.significantB.considerableC.enormousD.numerousconsiderable 相当多的,值得考虑的significant 重要的,有意义的enormous= tremendous 相当多的,大量的numerous 许多的,大量的star 星星planet 行星comet 彗星constellation 星座21. When people become unemployed, it is ____ which is often worse than lack of wages.A. lazinessB. povertyC. idlenessD. inabilitypluck 采摘plead 辩护probe 调查blush 脸红22. The newly-built science building seems ______ enough to last a hundred years.A. spaciousB. sophisticatedC. substantialD. steadysteady=well controled (社会制度)稳定的,牢固的substantial=solid 稳固的solid 固体stable 稳定的,establish 建立,创建spacious 宽广的,宽敞的sophisticate 使老于世故,使复杂naive 天真的innocent 无辜的,纯真的eminent 优秀的,杰出的prominent 突出的,显著的,向前伸23. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _____ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulateB. renovateC. arouseD. advocatestimulate 刺激renovate 革新,更新novel a.新颖的n.小说arouse 引起,引发advocate 拥护,提倡,支持renouvate 更新,革新,翻新rise 上升,升起arise 出现arouse 唤起,引起raise 举起,立起advocate 支持,拥护evoke 唤起,引发,喊出(思想)等provok 激发,激怒,煽动24. The new secretary has written a remarkably ___ report only in a few pages but with all details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborateconcise 简捷的,简明的clear 清楚的clarify 澄清,阐明precise 精确的,精致的excise 切除,割去contemporary 同时代的,当代的clear 清晰的bleary 模糊的25. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parent’s_____.A. commandB. convictionC. consentD. compromiseconsent 同意conviction 坚信的信念,深信victory 胜利compromise 妥协26. A.lthough Asian countries are generally more _____ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in Both China and India.A.conservativeprehensiveC.confidentialD.consistentinsidious 阴险的,狡诈的smother 闷死,窒息死comprehensive 理解的,广泛的,全面的confidential 秘密的confident 自信的consistent 一致的conservation 保存convention 传统惯例,大会comprehensive 广泛的,综合的27. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publisher last October, _____ an outburst of interest.A. flaredB. glitteredC. sparkedD. flashedspark 闪烁,闪光outburst 爆发,爆炸spark 引起,引发flare 燃烧flag 旗帜flame 火焰flash 闪电,闪光,闪烁flip 轻而快的打击flight 飞翔clip 简短,修剪fledgeling 小鸟,无经验的人flake 雪花flair 本能flaunt 炫耀flock 一群,人群flout 蔑视flatter 拍马,谄媚furry 困惑,令人心慌flack 严厉批评,推销glitter 闪光Not all the glitters are golds. 并不是所有闪光的都是金子28. I am not _____ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, becauseI have no where else to live.A. concernedB. compatibleC. considerateD. compiledcompatible 兼容的,相容的incompatible (with) 不相容的nova 新星29. A ____ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.A. shorthandB. schemeC. scheduleD. sketchshorthand 速记scheme 计划schedule 时刻表sketch 草案,草图30. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labor________.A. declineB. vacancyC. rarityD. shortagedecline 下降,下垂vacancy 空位(无人占用)空置,空缺rare 稀少的,珍贵的rarity 稀少rare book 珍藏本rare animal 珍奇动物best seller 畅销书empty 空的vacant 空洞的,言之无物bald 秃的bare 部分赤裸nud 全身赤裸。

新东方蓝皮书语法讲解

新东方蓝皮书语法讲解

新东方补充材料语法1至220题解答1-501。

C 平行对称结构,最后一部分之前加AND。

2。

D 平行对称结构,是三个名词性部分的对称,ABC错,E明显unaxiomatic.3. D 平行对称结构,要与MAKING对称,ABC错,E中SPREAD可以作名词且与MAKING 部分没形成如D那样的工整对称。

4。

E 两个动作一前一后,用AND连接,且没有明显转折意思,A。

B错,WHICH不引导限制性定语从句,CD错。

5。

A 难点,对于平行对称结构的逆向思维,即原句并不构成平行对称结构而被作为对称结构。

原句的意思是女人于女人,房子于房子之间的不同,而不是女人于房子的不同。

BDE 错。

女人之间各不相同与房子之间各不相同的一种风格,不用in styles,要用in a style,所以C 错。

6。

B 主谓一致,INFLATION是单数,ACE错,D中1986做为主语造成BUT WAS后面句子逻辑错误。

7。

E 平行对称结构,修饰的是REASONS,要用名词性的结构而不用从句,ABCD错。

8。

A 。

like A,B结构,要求A,B结构一致,BCDE错。

9。

C like A,B 结构,ABDE错。

10。

E AS。

AS要求前后比较对象一致,否则会造成逻辑错误。

原句句首的IT指带不定式TO PREVENT,原意是两种困难程度的比较。

所以后一个AS后也要有有指代不定式的IT 出现。

11. C (1)LOS ANGLES自己就是大城市,所以用any other, 不能是any./动词补出(任意一个其他的大城市,用单数does)/a number of 的用法/high本来就有比较级,不用more than, 所以E错。

12. C. as..as的对称,美国是单数用it/助动词尽量补出原则/double和export两个动词连用,错。

13. D. (1)和...一样大或比什么什么大的三种表达:(i)as tall as/ taller than (错误形式经常是as..as缺一半)(ii)at least as...as/at most as..as..(经常做正确答案)(iii)as..as.., if not more so.(只要出现,就做正确答案)(2)as..as..not so..as(3)情态动词尽量保持原则,may和might没有区别。

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)2

新东方TOEFL复习笔记(第二部分:语法笔记)2

*在TOEFL中:____n.(pl.)+v.(sing),⼀般空格内优先选doing (讲义 31)n)make结构:(讲义31 32)make+obj+宾补 obj:n/代词 宾补:n./adj.1) make+n1+n2 make the boy president (班长)2) make+n./代词+a. (新题 P78 11)make it unique it:真宾语3)make it possible to do it:形式宾语 (讲义 33)that +句⼦4)make sth possible sht:短宾语 possible宾补 make possible sth sth长宾语 possible宾补 (新题 32)o)the more…the more结构 标准句式:the more sub+v1 the more sub+v2!)对称性:结构中的n.前必须有限定词the more the +n1 the more the +n22)省略性:结构中相同的谓语可省,尤其是be动词可省3)倒装性:The more svo , the more svo .是⼀个复合句。

条件状从主句因此从句不能倒装,⽽主句(第⼆个the more)可倒装。

p)表结果的伴随状语从句结构:(讲义 36 37)svo,doing….伴随状语表结果:thus / thereby → svo,thus / thereby +doing…*thus / thereby 后不⼀定加doing*as f ar / long / early as 出现即为答案/many / muchq)adj短语做后置定语结构:(讲义 38 39) *==等价于定从的省略a door (close to the window) 省略which bea distance (equal to twice)n1+(a.+prep+n2) adj短语foods (high in fat) √leaves (rich in suger) √n1+which be(⽐较级+than+n2)相当于从句的省略a temperature (highter than 50C)r)adj级的省略结构:(讲义 40 41)the most improtant of all booksthe most elaborate of all birdneststhe+a.级+单数n. X +of 复数n. ⼀样错*单数n.必须省略,则the+a.级+of+n.(pl.)n.(可代替)→ ad. X / v.过去时X  a. n.(sing) of √ *the a.原级 of+ the restfulof Xthe poor of √s)不规则动词的过去式作谓语结构:(讲义 42 43)She set set-set-setIt cost cost-cost-costIt spread spread-spread-spreadt)规则动词的过去分词作后置定语结构(讲义 44-46)46条:Automatons programmed… ⾮谓语,整个句⼦少谓语lack a. be lack of vi. be lack invt. Sub+lack+obj*如何判断n+v-ed是谓语还是⾮谓语?eg:n+called call-called-calledWe called him Bush. 主动,过去式,谓语He was called Bush. 被动,过去分词,谓语…a boy called Bush? 被动,过去分词,后置定语根据主/被动确定,主动语态为过去式,被动语态为过去分词,被动式中有be即是⾮谓语。

新东方基础语法讲义

新东方基础语法讲义

基础语法讲义主讲:屠浩民一、简单句和并列句1. 简单句的五种形式:(1)主语+谓语(不及物动词);(2)主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语;(3)主语+谓语+宾语+补语;(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;(5)主语+系动词+表语。

两类系动词:①be动词;②一些实义动词用作系动词:feel, taste, smell等;2. 并列句:一个句子当中包含两个或更多互不相依存的主谓结构,中间用一些连接词连接起来的句子。

并列句不能只用逗号隔开,而要用连接词连接。

连接词:(1)并列关系句型:连接词有and, as well as, either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…eg: Last year I met Kate and we became friends.Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it.(2)转折概念并列句型:转折词有buteg: It has no mouth, but it can talk.(3)对比关系的并列句型:eg: He liked sports, while I would rather collect stamps.练习:2009年6月阅读Cerling‘s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences.(简单句)Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes. (并列句)简单句和并列句是复合句的基础。

二、句子成分句子六大成分:主谓宾、定状表。

主语、宾语和表语:通常由代词或者名词构成,定语:修饰名词;状语:修饰形容词或者动词;表语:接在系动词后面;(一).代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。

新东方的SAT 语法 21条法则

新东方的SAT 语法 21条法则

SAT 语法 21原则一、常考语法体系(挑错题 Identifying Sentence Errors)1. 主谓一致(Subject verb agreement)。

尤其是用于倒装时,比如there be句型或地点状语至于句首的倒装情况,一定要找到真正的主语。

通常一套writing里总会有一个倒装句,并多为动词部分出错。

有插入语时,要勇敢的抛弃非中心部分,找到中心的主语。

主谓一致还会出现在一些固定用法中,但一般比较简单,比如a number of + noun(复) vs. the number of + noun(单), 面包黄油,刀叉等等。

就近原则:there be句型, not only..., but also...; o..., nor...; either..., or...特殊名词:"人群牛群警察群"单数名词作复数。

(people, cattle, police) 文学性的总称都是不可数名词。

E.g. literature; poetry; prose.2. 平行结构(parallel structure)。

注意and, or和but的用法。

to well to是用于连接两个并列的结构。

另外尤其注意,在比较结构中,中心一定是同类相比较。

A, B, and/or C形式的正确用法是,A, B, C可以是单词或短语,并且一定都是同一形式的,如都是名词,或都是动名词短语。

3. 形容词副词(adjective & adverb)常考考点:形容词副词的混用及他们的比较级最高级。

Adj只可以修饰名词,adv则可修饰除名词外的大部分词。

er和more都可以表示比较级,但二者不可同时出现。

比较级和than要同存同亡(必须一起出现)。

另外,副词不可以连接两个并列的句子,例如whereby。

Tips: 形容词的应用范围不如副词广,通常比较容易是出错的地方。

4. 逻辑主语(logic subject)当分词或者形容词放在句首,一定要考虑它的主语问题。

学习方法初一英语语法(新东方)知识必备_英语

学习方法初一英语语法(新东方)知识必备_英语

初一英语语法Unit 1 名词英语的十大词类词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun(n.) 表示人或事物的名称pen cake形容词 Adjective(a.) 表示人或事物的特征bad small副词Adverb(ad.) 修饰动词、形容词或其它副词very quickly 动词Verbs 表示动作或状态study be代词Pronouns(pron.) 代替名词、数词等they one数词Numerals(num.) 表示数量或顺序five ten冠词Articles(art.) 限制名词的意义 a an the介词Prepositions(prep.) 表示名词、代词和其它词的关系in for of连词Conjunction(conj.) 连结词与词或句与句and because 感叹词 Interjection(interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气oh hey名词的种类专有名词国名、地点、人名等America 美国,Shanghai 上海,the Gr e at Wall 长城,Jenney (珍妮)团体、机构的名称等the United Nations 联合国,the Communist Party ofChina 中国共产党普通名词可数名词个体名词doctor 医生,te a cher 老师,orange 桔子,desk 课桌集合名词Police 警察,pe o ple 人民,family 家庭,army 军队class 同学不可数名词抽象名词Time 时间fun 玩笑,kindness 善意,idea 主意,you t h 青春, love 爱, knowledge 知识动名词studying doing swimming物质名词rice 大米,water 水,fire 火,air 空气1.there are by the lakea.two Germanb. two Germenc. two Germansd. two germans2.September 10th isa. Teacher’s Dayb. Teachers’ Dayc. teacher’s Dayd. Teacher’s day3.Where are you from?——I’m froma. Americab. Americanc. americad. an America4.There is some on the platea.breadsb.breadc.breadesd. milk一般名词复数构成法构成法例词一般情况下,在名词单数形式的词尾加s bool-books, day-days, desk-desks以s,x,,ch,sh,结尾的名词,在词尾加es class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,将y变成i 后加es city-cities, country-countries, factory-factories以f或fe结尾的名词,一般将f或fe变成v后,再加es leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves, knife-knivies,half-halves, shelf-shelves以辅音字母加o结尾的名词,一般在词尾加es hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

小学英语语法知识点总结新东方版

小学英语语法知识点总结新东方版

小学英语语法知识点总结一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的;这类名词叫可数名词..可数名词分为个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体;如worker; farmer; desk; factory等和集体名词表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物;如people; family 等..如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的;这类名词就叫不可数名词..不可数名词分为物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质;如meat; rice; water; milk; orange 等和抽象名词表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念;如work; homework; time; health; friendship等..二、关于可数名词名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分..其中;可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称;他们通常有单数和复数的形式..单数通常用a;an或者是one来表示..an用在元音字母的前面..如:a desk; an apple; one boy.1、直接在单词的后面加-s.photo---photos book---books egg---eggs student---students pen---pensvillage---villages building---buildings cloud---clouds flower---flowershand---hands map---maps girl---girls2、如果单词以s;x;ch;sh结尾;通常要在单词后面加-es.bus---buses class---classes box---box dress---dresses peach---peacheswatch---watches fish---fishes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i;再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母;则直接加上-s.family---families story---stories baby---babies day---days toy---toys boy---boys4、以f;fe结尾的单词;要把f;fe变为v;再加-es.knife---knives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves5、以o结尾的单词一般加-s构成复数;但是potato; tomato;hero等词要加-es构成复数..radio---radios photo---photos piano---pianos zoo---zoos studio---studiospotato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes6、一些特殊的不规则名词的复数..goose---geese foot---feet tooth---teeth woman---women man---mensheep---sheep fish---fish deer---deer people---people child---childrenox---oxen mouse---mice7、 be和指示代词的复数..is---are am---are this---these that---those it---they8、有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的;如:shoes; pants; boots; glasses等..三、关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数;当它作句子的主语时;谓语动词要用单数形式..如:The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜..2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词;有复数形式;但他们的意义往往发生变化..如:water 水→ waters 水域orange 橘汁→ oranges 橘子3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数;表示种类时就可数;但意义大多不发生变化..如:fruit → fruits food → foodsfish → fishes hair → hairs1、一般情况下;直接加-s;如:book-books; bag-bags; cat-cats; bed-beds2、以s、 x、 sh、 ch结尾;加-es;如:bus-buses; box-boxes; brush-brushes; watch-watches3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾;变y为i;再加-es;如:family-families; strawberry-strawberries4、以“f或fe”结尾;变f或fe为v;再加-es;如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数: man-men; woman-women; policeman-policemen; policewoman-policewomen; mouse-mice child-children foot-feet;、tooth-teeth fish-fish; people-people; Chinese-Chinese; Japanese-Japanese6、不可数名词单复数形式不变bread; rice; water ;juice etc.1、名词所有格表示所属关系;相当于物主代词;在句中作定语、宾语或主语..其构成法如下:1表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s..如:Childern’s Day儿童节; my sister’s book我姐姐的书2 在以s结尾的名词包括以s结尾的复数名词后面;只加 '..如:Teachers’ Day教师节 .如果复数名词不是以s结尾的;末尾也要加's..例如Children's Day:3有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词;也可在词尾加’s. 如:today’s newspaper今天的报纸; ten minutes’ break 十分钟的课间休息4 无生命的东西的名词;一般可用介词of短语来表示所有关系..如: A key of the door2、注解:①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺;如:my aunt’s我阿姨家; the doctor’s诊所②表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时;须在各个名词后加's;如:Lucy ‘s and Lily’s bedroom 如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有;只在最后一个名词后面加's;如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom露西和丽丽合住的卧室.③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”;称为双重所有格;如:a friend of my father’s我父亲的一位朋友; a friend of mine我的一位朋友一、冠词分类及读法:英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种;常放在名词的前面;用来限定名词的意义;起泛指或特指的作用..定冠词the ;不定冠词a/an二、不定冠词a / an的用法:不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面;a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面..A.不定冠词的基本用法:1 表示某一个人或东西;但不具体说明何人或何物..如:There is a dog lying on the ground.有一只狗躺在地上..2 表示某类人或事物;以区别于其他种类..如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.大象比人强壮多了..不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮..2 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个..如:He is a teacher of English.他是英语教师..4 表示“一”这个数量..如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子..5 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit一点; a little一点; a few几个; a lot 许多; a kind of一种; a pair of一副、一双; a number of大量的; a piece of 一张、一片; half an hour半小时; have a good time 玩得开心; have a cold感冒; make a noise发出嘈杂声; have/take a rest等休息一会儿;等等..3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面..B.定冠词的基本用法:1 表示特指的人或事物..如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克2 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物..如:Look at the blackboard;Lily.莉莉;请看黑板..3 复述前面提到过的人或事物..如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.树下有个人; 那个人叫罗伯特..4 表示世界上独一无二的事物..如:The earth turns around the sun.地球绕太阳旋转..5 用在表示方位的名词前面..如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.长江以南地区将会刮大风..6 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面..如:Who is the first one to go 谁第一个去 / Of all the stars; the sun is the nearest to the earth.在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近7 常用在乐器名称的前面..如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.五岁时他开始拉小提琴8 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面..如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山9 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面..如:He is from the United States of America.他来自美利坚合众国10用在姓氏之前表示一家人..如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.下个月格林一家要去峨眉山11same之前一般用the..如:Lucy and Lily look the same.露西和莉莉看上去长得一样12几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time 与此同时;make the bed铺床;in the end最后;all the time一直;by the way顺便说一下;on the way在路上等等..C、一些不用冠词的情况:1 专有名词和第一次使用一些不可数名词时前面通常不用..如:Chinais a very large country.中国是个大国 / Man needs air and water.人类需要空气和水2 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用..如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了3 周名;月名或季节名前一般不用..如:He was born on Monday; February 18;1995.他出生在1995年二月十八日;星期一 / Theyusually plant trees on the hills in spring.春天他们通常在山上植树4 第一次使用复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用..如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.人比猴子聪明5 三餐饭前不用..如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.我们在家吃早饭;在校吃午饭6 节、假日前一般不用..如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.在儿童节;这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物7 球类名词前不用..如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.孩子们星期六下午踢足球8 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用..如:They are now at People’s Cinema.他们此刻在人民电影院9 一些习惯用语中不用..如 at school; at home; on foot; go to school 等表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词;数词分为基数词和序数词..表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词..一、基数词1基数词写法和读法: 325 three hundred and twenty-five;2基数词一般是单数形式;但下列情况;常用复数:a. 与of 短语连用;表示概数;不能与具体数目连用;如scores of people 指许多人;b. 在一些表示“一排”或“一组”的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了..c. 表示“几十岁”;d. 表示“年代”;用 in +the +数词复数;e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里;如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives isare fifteen.二、序数词序数词的缩写形式: first—1st second—2nd thirty-first—31st三、数词的用法1倍数表示法a. 主语+谓语+倍数或分数+ as + adj. + asI have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多..b. 主语+谓语+倍数分数+ the size amount;length… of…The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍..c. 主语+谓语+倍数分数+ 形容词副词比较级+ than…The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%..d. 还可以用by+倍数;表示增加多少倍The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍..2分数表示法构成:基数词代表分子;序数词代表分母..分子大于1时;分子的序数词用单数;分母序数词用复数:1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three thirty-sevenths.A、人称代词和物主代词1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前有时候位于than 之后;宾格一般位于动词或介词之后..2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词;名词性则单独使用;后面不带名词..人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我 I me 我的 my mine你;你们 you you 你们的; your yours他 he him 他的 his his她 she her 她的 her hers它 it it 它的 its its我们 we us 我们的 our ours他们 they them 他们的 their theirsB、不定代词Some 与 Anysome和any都有"一些"的含义;都能修饰可数名词和不可数名词;但 some 一般用在肯定句中..如: There are some girls in the classroom.some有时也用于疑问句;表示期望得到肯定回答;并不表示对某事有疑问..如: Can I ask you some questionsany一般用于疑问句和否定句中..如: Are there any maps on the wall 墙上有地图吗There aren't any trees behind the house. 房子后面没有树..一、介词的分类地点位置、范围介词:in 在里面;on在上;in front of 在前方;under是下方;两者之间用between ;behind 后面藏;next to 在隔壁;near 在附近与一旁;同学们用心记;各种方位用恰当..时间介词: ; at在…时刻; in在上/下午; on在某日;方式介词: by用/由/乘坐/被...; on骑车/徒步; with用材料;用手/脚/耳/眼;二、某些介词的用法辨析:⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:表示时间时; in表示在一段时间里在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后; on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等; at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;表示地点时; in表示在某个范围之内; on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触;at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点..三、 Preposition:on; in ;in front of; between; next to; near; beside; at; behind. 表示时间: at six o’clock; at Christmas; at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter形容词的比较级1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级;比较级后面一般带有单词than..比较级前面可以用more; a little 来修饰表示程度..than后的人称代词用主格口语中可用宾格..2.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er ;如:tall-taller⑵以字母e 结尾;加r ;fine- finer⑶以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾除ow结尾;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加er ;如:big-bigger⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾;先把y变i;再加er ..如;happy- happier5两个音节或两个以上的音节的;在原级前加more 如:beautiful-more beautiful3.不规则形容词比较级:Good/well-better; bad/ill – worse ; much /many –more ; little –less; few – fewer ; far –furtherBe 动词的用法:1 Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am; 你用are; is用在他她它;复数全用are..2 肯定和否定句 I am not from London. He isnot a teacher. She isnot in the dining room. My hair isnot long. Her eyes arenot small.3 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese Yes; you are. No; you aren’t. Are they American Yes; they are. No; they aren’t. Is the cat fat Yes; it is. No; it isn’t.there be 结构肯定句: There is a …There are …一般疑问句:Is there … Yes; there is./ No; there isn’t.Are there… Yes; there are. /No; there aren’t.否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态..如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的..2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作..如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床..3.表示客观现实..如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转..一般现在时的构成1. be动词:主语+beam;is;are+其它..如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩..2.行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它..如:We study English.我们学习英语..当主语为第三人称单数he; she;it时;要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"..如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语..一般现在时的变化1. be动词的变化..否定句:主语+ be + not +其它..如:He is not a worker.他不是工人..一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它..如:-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No; I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句..如:Where is my bike2.行为动词的变化..否定句:主语+ don't doesn't +动词原形+其它..如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时;要用doesn't构成否定句..如:He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do Does +主语+动词原形+其它..如:- Do you often play football- Yes; I do. / No; I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时;要用does构成一般疑问句..如:Does she go to work by bike- Yes; she does. / No; she doesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句..如:How does your father go to work小结:通常用时间状语“usually; often; every day; sometimes”..肯定句:I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑问句:Do you jump high Yes; I do. / No; I don’t.Does he jump high Yes; he does. / No; he doesn’t.否定句: We don’t go to school on Sundays.My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下;直接加ing;如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾;去e加ing;如:make-making; taste-tasting3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母;双写末尾的辅音字母;再加ing;如:run-running; stop-stopping现在进行时;用来表示正在进行或发生的动作..结构是:be am; is; are+动词现在分词形式;几种句型:一、陈述句肯定句主语+be am; is; are+现在分词;如:I am reading English.我正在读英语..He is writing.他正在写字.. You are running.你正在跑步..二、一般疑问句BeAm; Is; Are+主语+现在分词; 如:1. -Are you singing 你正在唱歌吗-Yes; I am.是的;我在唱歌..No; I'm not.不;我不在唱歌..2. -Is he she listening to music 他她在听音乐吗-Yes; he she is.是的;他她在听音乐..No; he she isn't.不;他她不在听音乐..三、特殊疑问句疑问词+be am; is; are+主语+现在分词;如:1. -What are you doing 你正在干什么-I am doing my homework.我正在做作业..2. -What is he she doing 他她正在干什么-He She is riding a bike.他她正在骑自行车..与现在进行时连用的词:look看、listen听、now现在;Look Jack is swimming.看杰克正在游泳..Listen She is singing.听她正在唱歌..I am cleaning my room now.现在我正在打扫房间..一般过去时态a be 动词的过去式:I/He/she/it wasnot…. You/we/they were….一般疑问句was; were 放在句首..b 动词过去式:肯定句: I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑问句: Did you read book last night Yes; I did. No; I didn’t.Did she clean the desk just now Yes; she did. No; she didn’t. 否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.He didn’t make model ships last week.动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在动词末尾加-ed;如:pull-pulled; cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d;如:taste-tasted3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加-ed;如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的;变y为i; 再加-ed;如:study-studied5.不规则动词过去式:am;is-was; are-were; do-did; see-saw; say-said; give-gave; get-got; go-went; come-came; have-had; eat-ate; take-took; run-ran; sing-sang; put-put; make-made; read-read; write-wrote; draw-drew; drink-drank; swim-swam; sit-sat我们现在学过的情态动词有:can; could; will; would; may; must; should; shall..情态动词后动词总是用原形..不受其他任何条件影响特征1情态动词modal verb本身有词义;表示说话人的语气或情态;但词义不完全;不能单独用作谓语动词;一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词..2情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等..3情态动词ought除外和助动词shall;will;should;would一样;后面的动词不定式一般皆不带..形式变化1没有人称和数的变化;第三人称单数的现在时也无变化..如:I can We canYou can You canHeThey canShe canIt2有些情态动词有过去式;有少数过去式和它的原形相同..a有过去式的情态动词有:may -- wouldcan ―― couldmay―― nightshall -- shouldhave to -- had tob过去式不变的情态动词有:must - must 或had toought to - ought toneed---needdare - dare亦可用dared3大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式;如:canmay;mustbe doing;canmay;must have done;canmay;mustbe done等..否定式情态动词和助动词一样;后面可直接跟否定词not..现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式简略式用于口语中列举如下:shall not--shan‘t FB:ntwill not---won’t wEuntcan not-can‘t kB:ntmust not-mustn’t 5mQsntshould not-- shouldn‘twould not-- wouldn’tcould not-- couldn‘tdare not- daren’t dZEntneed not-- needn‘t在疑问句中的用法情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同..如:May I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗Can you let me use your dictionary for a minute 你能把字典借我用一会儿吗Would you like to visit the heavy machinery plant 你想参观重型机器厂吗注意have to在疑问句中的位置..如:Do you have to go out today 你今天一定得出去吗Does he have to finish the work tomorrow 他明天非做完这项工作不可吗。

新东方英语语法新思维-名词的数(一):可数与不可数

新东方英语语法新思维-名词的数(一):可数与不可数

名词的数(一):可数与不可数对于英语中名词的“数(number)”的概念,我们将主要从两个角度来讨论:一是名词的可数性,即区分可数名词(countable noun,在词典中标注为[C]),这一角度侧重于名词的意义方面而不是构成形式方面;二是名词的单数与复数形式,这一角度侧重于名词的构成形式方面。

所以,这两个角度分别是从意义(meaning)与形式(form)两个方面来讨论名词。

形式是由意义决定的,是为意义的表达而服务的。

另一方面,特定的意义是通过相应的形式来传递的。

这其实就是哲学上说的形式与内容的统一。

因此,我们首先从意义的角度来考察可数名词与不可数名词,然后从形式构成的角度来考察名词的单复数变化规则。

在本节讨论名词的可数性的过程中,我们重点放在对不可数名词的讨论上,因为搞清楚了不可数名词,也就意味着分清了可数名词。

这就如同油与水的分离,滤出油之后,剩下的自然就是水了。

所以,本节主要从意义上来界定英语不可数名词的特点,而下一节主要是从形式上来总结可数名词的复数变化规则。

对于这样的逻辑思路,读者不妨了解一下。

在本节中,我们首先总结出常用的不可数名词,在此基础上,随后立即提出可数与不可数的“相对论”,即一个名词是可数还是不可数关键在于它所表达的意义,与它所使用的上下文语境密切相关,因而不能孤立地来看待名词的可数性。

这是有关名词可数性的重要理念。

然后,我们将从英汉思维差异的角度来告诫读者,不能按汉语的思维来理解英文名词的可数与不可数。

最后,介绍如何表示不可数名词的数量关系。

1.1常用作不可数的名词英文中的不可数名词很不易把握,因为我们不能完全按照汉语的思维方式去判断一个名词到底是可数还是不可数。

但总的来说,不可数名词有以下规律,笔者这里将其分为五组:第一组:对于一些无法分割的名词,我们将其看作一个整体,因而作为不可数名词,没有复数变化(nouns that have no distinct, separate parts, we look as the whole)。

新东方小学英语语法要点归纳

新东方小学英语语法要点归纳

小学英语语法要点归纳一.名词复数规则1、一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾,加-es,如∶bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3、以"辅音字母+y"结尾的,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4、“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knifives5、不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,People-people;Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese四大时态:时态结构时间特征词一般现在时动词用原形或第三人称单数(s/es)every day/week,often,usually,sometimes 现在进行时Be(am,is,are)+doing now,look,listen一般将来时1.be going to+动词原形2.Will+动词原形tomorrow,next,week,thismorning/afternoon一般过去时1.动词过去式(ed/不规则的)2.Be动词过去式was/wereyesterday,last weekend before,2days ago凡是在must,mustn’t,can,can’t,let’s,don’t,may,will后面一定要用动词的原形。

口诀:1、时间是经常,动词要用原形或第三人称单数2、时间是现在,动词要用现在进行时be doing形式3、时间是将来,动词要用将来时be going to do(动词原形)4、时间是过去,动词要用过去式(-ed)或不规则形式二.一般现在时1、一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

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高考英语语法突破电子教材主讲:EDWIN欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材Unit 1Part One词汇在高考中的复习方法1、听力,将音形直接对应起来。

例子:a.同学们对于what‟s your name?这个问句的四步反应b.文盲及上学前对于语言的掌握2、单选,主要以语法为主,词汇起辅助作用但是需注意连词、代词、情态动词。

3、完形填空,要特别注意单词的辨析以及根据上下文推断的能力。

4、阅读,要大量掌握单词,反复的背诵,但是重点是形义相连,至少将所有单词混个脸熟。

例子:有些人一天1000个单词的背诵量。

5、改错,注意名词、代词、连词、介词。

6、作文,保证拼写正确,尤其是避开艰涩的单词。

语法在高考中的复习方法1、听力,语法方面没有什么难度,掌握基本语法即可。

2、单选:重点注意几种语法现象:时态、语态、从句、这几个语法现象是几乎每年都考到的。

3、完形填空:以单词考察为主,语法处于辅助地位,通过语法填写的空只占很少一部分。

4、阅读:关键在于对复杂句的掌握,尤其是各种从句,对于阅读的掌握非常重要。

5、改错:时态是重点,尤其是过去时及现在时。

6、作文:选择简单语法,确保正确表达,如果写不了一个好看的句子,就写一个正确的句子。

Part Two高考流程图Part Three单词记忆法1.逻辑记忆:通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系,词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。

把几个字母看作做一个来记如:"ight" light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight 2 联想记忆:1)音与形的联想,即根据读音规则记忆单词。

2)形与义的联想,如:eye 把两个e看成两个眼。

banana 把a看成一个个的香蕉。

bird 把b 和d看成两个翅膀。

3)象声词,联想实际的声音,如:gong 锣 coo 咕咕声。

3.构词记忆:利用构词法,通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。

例:【clud词根为关闭系列词汇串记】exclude include preclude concludeexclude vt. 拒绝;排斥n. exclusion adj. exclusive【助记】ex(向外)+clude(close关)include vt. 包括;包含n.inclusion adj. inclusive【助记】in(向内)+clude(close关)4.分类记忆:把单词进行分门类如:动物,植物等,进行分类记忆。

5.比较记忆:1)英汉比较如:mama, cigar, beer, bar, fee等。

2)单复数的比较如:good-goods, spirit-spirits wood-woods3)同音词的比较如:right-write, eye-I4)词的阴阳性的比较如:actor-actress host-hostess6.理解记忆:通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等如:second 是“秒”,它来源于古代的六分法,分,秒,它是二次划分,因此second 也是“第二”,进一步引申,还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。

7.联系记忆:记忆单词最好不要孤立地记,尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。

1)联系所学的文章大概意义,联系上下文2)联系短语和搭配Part Four一、名词的考察重点及演练可数名词It is often said that __teachers have __very easy life.(2005北京)A.不填,不填B.不填,aC. the,不填D. the, a不可数名词1.In__review of 44 students, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __heart disease by 76 %.(2006湖南)A. a, theB. the, a C .a, 不填 D.不填,a2.__terrible weather we‟ve been having these days!(1992)A. How, aB. what, aC. HowD. What二、冠词的考察重点及演练不定冠词1.泛指某一类人或者事物的时候2.用于某些固定词组中例题:—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorry, wrong number. There isn‟t __Mr. Smith here.(2006)A.不填B. aC. theD. one定冠词1.用于说话双方都了解的人或者事物之前,表示特指。

2.在形容词最高级前,或者某些固定词组以及习惯用法之前。

1.According to __World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities toprevent __spread of AIDS.(2006陕西).A. the,不填B. the, theC. a. aD.不填,the2.I know __John Lennon, but no t__ famous one.(2005山东)A.不填,aB. a, theC.不填,theD. the, a零冠词1.表示泛指的不可数名词和复数名词之前用冠词2.在用于泛指时间,表示三餐、球类或棋类运动、学科的名词以及表示季节、年份、等时间名词之前不用冠词。

3.在某些固定词组,习惯用语中,名词前不用冠词。

1.I know you don‟t like __music very much. But what do you think of __music in the film we saw yesterday?(2006)A. 不填,不填B. the ,theC. the, 不填D. 不填,the2.the sign reads” In case of___ fire, bread the glass and push___ red button.”A. 不填,aB. 不填,theC. the , theD. a, a3.the warmth of ___sweater will of course be determined by the sort of__ wool used(2001)A. the ,theB. the , 不填C. 不填,theD. 不填,不填Unit 2Part One代词的基本用法—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.—Why ___?John is sitting there doing nothing.(2003)A. himB. heC. ID. me人称代词it的特殊用途1.指代事物或者人I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(2004)A thisB thatC it Done2.充当形式主语___is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.(2006浙江)A. AsB. ThatC. ThisD. It is3.充当形式宾语As the busiest woman in Norton, she made___ her duty to look after all the other people‟s affairs in that town.(2006湖南)A thisB thatC oneD it4.用于“强调句型”It is what you do rather than what you say___ matters.(2005天津)A that. B. what C. which D. this指示代词的基本用法1.通常用that或those指代前面提及的事物,而下文将要提到的事物则用this或者these来指代He was nearly drowned once.When was _____?_____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.A that, ItB this, ThisC this, ItD that, This2.指示代词that, those, one, ones作替代词的用法hat 和those必须有后置定语that 和one 的区别(1)that只能替代物,one 即可替代物和可替代人(2)that 必须有后置定语,而one 不一定I prefer a flat in Inverness to ___in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom‟s.(2005天津)A. oneB. thatC. itD. this不定代词的基本用法1.all,each,everyall 三个或三个以上的所有each 两个或两个以上的每一个,强调个体every 三个或三个以上的每一个,强调全体I had to buy___ these books because I didn‟t know which one was the best.(2004上海)A. bothB. noneC. neitherD. all2.no one, nothing, noneThey were all very tired, but___ of them would stop to take a rest(1995)A. anyB. someC. noneD. neither3.both,neither,either1)If you can‟t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don‟t you take__? I won‟t read them this week.(2006浙江)A. allB. anyC. eitherD. both4. some anyDon‟t worry if you can‟t come to ____party, I‟ll save____ cake for you.(2006浙江)A. the ,someB. a muchC. the anyD. a little5.other,others,anotherBoth sides have accused of breaking the contract ____.(2006上海春)A. anotherB. the otherC. neitherD. each第二节其他类型的代词的用法简介1.名词性物主代词—Is your camera like Bill‟s and Ann‟s—No, but it‟s almost the same as ____(1994)A. herB. yoursC. themD. their2.反身代词—Who called me this morning when I was not?—A man calling____ Robert.(2006福建)A. hisB. himselfC. hisD.不填3.疑问代词Why! I have nothing to confess.____ you want me to say ?(2004上海)A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is thatPart Two例题:1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ____the Pacific, and we met no storms.(2005辽宁)A. was calledB. is calledC. had been calledD. has been called2)—Your job ____open for your return.—Thanks .(2006北京)A. will be keptB. will keepC. had keptD. had been kept3)Since I won the big prize ,my telephone hasn‟t stopped ringing .People ____to ask how I am going to spend the money.(2005湖南)A. phoneB. will phoneC. were phoningD. are phoning4)The country life he was used to _____greatly since 1992。

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