第五节 词的转译

第五节词类转译法（二）

一、转译成名词

（一）英语中有很多由名词派生或转用的动词，在汉语中找不到相应的动词时，可转译成汉语名词。

1.名词派生的动词

1）Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。

2）As the war progressed, this general would symbolize frustrations and defeats.

随着战争的进行，这位将军成了受挫和失败的象征。

3）To them, he personified the absolute power.

在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。

2.名词转用的动词

1）In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky.

2）Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth’s atmosphere after completing their missions. 3）Some of them were already planning to staff the government before the Democratic candidate won the

general election completely.

1)黎明时，天空映出了瞭望塔的轮廓。

2)美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在

大气层中焚毁。

3)他们中的有些人，在民主党候选人彻底获胜之前，已经在

为政府计划人事安排。

作业：

1. The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two.

2. The navy is now positioned to safeguard both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

3. On that day they were escorted to the Great Wall of China.

4. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works.

5. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car.

6. They signed two agreements that served to warm up the atmosphere of the relations of two countries.

（二）有些英语被动句中的动词，可译成“受（遭）到…+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。

1）Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. government and press during this period, victimized for his views.

2) Throw a tennis ball on the floor. The ball bounces back. In the same way, when light falls on certain things it bounces back. When this happens, the light is said to be reflected.

3) Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth.

1）在这期间，斯诺受到了美国政府和新闻界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。

2）将网球扔到地板上，球会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光受到反射。

3）由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。

作业：

1. He warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be damaged by a continuation of the war.

2. His image as a good student was badly tarnished because of cheating at exam.

3. He was snuffed by the top-ranking officials there.

（三）形容词转译成名词

1.英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人，汉译时常译成名词。

1）They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 2) Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and protected the poor.

3) Those who huddled pitifully together were the old, the

infirm, the ill, the very young. They were forced by Japanese soldiers to the gas chamber.

1) 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

2）罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨富人，保护穷人。

3）那些可怜地挤在一起的人都是些老、弱、病、幼者。他们被日本兵押往毒气室去处理。

作业：

1. They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.

2. Mr. Gorky had deep sympathy for the insulted and the injured.

3. All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away.

2.此外，根据情况还有些形容词可译成名词。

1）Stevenson was eloquent and elegant------- but soft.

2) The Wilde family were religious.

3) He was considered insincere.

1)史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。

2）王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。

3) 他被人认为是伪君子。

二、转译成形容词

（一）形容词派生的名词可以转译成形容词。