论信息技术在项目施工管理中的应用(毕业外文翻译 工程管理)

Comment on the IT application in project construction managementAbstractThe step being accelerated , the globalization and informatization trend are gradually obvious with the fact that our country adds WTO. The building industry as tradition of our country cornerstone industry will be confronted with gigantic challenge , how building enterprise improves IT already having become in the level applying in construction management, needing the important problem solving urgently. And the analysis the main body of a book is carried out with regard to IT in the current situation and developing trend applying in construction management, brings forward a few countermeasures.Keywords: Information construction management1 computer-based IT and the construction management relationIT is that enterprise makes use of a scientism to be in progress to management control information collect , store up, treating, treatment, join the umbrella name assisting the technology making policy, but computer art is main , essential means of IT. Evidently, the former contains the latter. Be to exempt concept mixing them up , our from the cognition must have correctly to the both. As far as extending IT in construction management, not only being to resolve making use of the computer art problem , wanting to resolve the problem how to make use of too or not. The information exchange between enterprise branch , between enterprise , between enterprise and the government has still required that paper is in progress coming medium , such but , doctrine has fully utilized Jiu Bu Neng even if Bi Ru Shui , enterprise every branch has applied a computer, IT, has come true informatization. Not only can be speedy , effective , voluntary but systematic field stores up , revises , seeks and handles large amount of information , but also the rate of progress being under construction , mass , cost being able to happen because of the effect accepting the natural and artificial various factor to construction in process carry out tracking modernized construction management at the same time, using a computer, manages.The computer art application has reflected the IT application level, but the IT application has improved construction management's level. .2 Current situation that IT applies in construction management.First, inner have applied the computer and the implement software to certain range , have improved availability. In building construction, be more various than making use of computer art to be in progress early calculating school assignment and assisting the automatic system managing a job, if handling official business, tender system (project amounts calculate , tender quoted price , the bidding document make , the plan being under construction designs , cost of construction calculates , works out the project rate of progress network), designs that calculation system (very much the base pit shoring designs that , scaffold designs that , form board designs that , the detail drawing being under construction designs that) , the project management system (project cost , mass , rate of progress manage , daily information manages) and so on.Secondly, application and dissemination has taken IT as the characteristic automation control technique , the place has got fairly good effect in a few in construction. Mass controls , the tower perpendicularity controls degree , lifting , the curtain childbirth stirring and mixing overall installation and overall climbout scaffold expecting that autocontrol, adopt the synchro lifting technology to carry out the large-scale component and equipment on the concrete in advance observe with treating , building settlement with engineering survey , building material detecting data acquisition if big volume concretes are under construction and so on.The IT application and dissemination , the overall image having improved building industry not only, have improved building industry availability , engineering level and safe level, make industry and the enterprise overall competition being advanced , simultaneous, also will do, enterprise cost of production and working strength come down to some extent , project mass is ensured.General coming talks but, entirety of building industry application IT lifting conventional industry is at present horizontal lower, existence obvious limitation and insufficient , main behaviour are around:a)The range applying concentrates earlier stage being under construction in project narrower , main , cost of construction budget , construction organization design that if the move bids,application controlling aspect in rate of progress , mass , cost in the process being under construction is less but , project construction management depends on experience and treatment ability of handling crew still mainly, very no science;b)Application software gives first place to the printing plate applying a single , the single handles mainly, quick characteristic , the network not taking form having made use of the computer counting rate only, not realizing the information share and voluntary delivery , efficiency are lower;c)Enterprise fails to fully utilize facilitating that Internet brings about, material purchases realization on the net , call for bid, the project administration , information exchange , information announce isoelectronic, business affairs no t carrying out really;d)Disregarding government website be still commercial network stands, Dadu is announced with information give first place to, be short of the implement kind network software, absence information is interactivee)The software develops a selected topic identically , is short of an overall planning , develop an inadequate fund, and being repeated exploitation by low level much.3 Useful experience that IT of the same trade or occupation applies abroadAbroad, building industry IT application of the same trade or occupation many , is worthy for us to draw lessons , lists a few examples underneath earlier , useful experience.a)In Japan, in recent years energetically, push forward the entire life cycle building a project informationize , be CALS/EC. Whose characteristic is electronization, take the entire life cycle building a project's as the marriage partner , all realization of information; Make use of Internet to carry out information submitting , taking-over; Electronization information stores up in data base realization share , makes use of possessions again equally. Achieve reduce cost , improve the quality , potentiation and strengthen building industry competition's purpose.b)Have in Hong Kong , main application: Set up the standard being applied or used universally and develop the data infrastructural facilities being applied or used universally, easy to participate in construction business person can communicate by letter with electron way; Adopt Internet and the computer technology to carry out the data gaining and exchanging a construction project effectively; The way making use of an electron carries out the project drawing sheet , data administration and the drawing sheet examine administration; The development carrying out at the right moment manages the condition making use of the digital camera technology to be under construction to the scene; Adopt "green card attestation " to wait in administration of construction site personnel.4 Improve construction management IT applying the horizontalcountermeasure4.1 Enterprise responds to the characteristic informationize according toconstruction management , works out the strategy plan , gives an effective implementation.Ministry of Construction is listed the job building a field informationize as at present important mission. Minister Yu Zheng Sheng emphasize, use informatization means move forward construction field job, fault follow the fashion, be not adornment , but one extremely urgent extremely important problem, special respond to sharpening project quality control and so on construction.It can be seen that, make use of IT to reform building industry becoming an irresistible trend. Informatization building enterprise degree but , the level IT that whose core embodies in the management process being under construction mainly is applied.Informatization construction characteristic is: Information is collected automating(Sensory technology , IC card technology)、The data storage automates(Glorify memory , DBMS), Information exchange network-rization(Local area network , World Wide Web), Information retrieval implement-rization(DBMS,search engine), IT integration-rization(Multimedia ,expert system), Information makes use of scientification(V arious is analytical the data-based), Information administration systematization(Management Information System MIS , ESS being in charge of support system etc.) Enterprise responds to according to all above informatization characteristic , the reality managing combining with construction management, works out the strategy plan , fully utilizes modern information technology, builds construction of all kinds Management Information System step by step. Information applying broadly owing to the local area network , Internet in construction management entire proceeding shares platform and having caught with a net Office System.4.2The entire process of construction management in the wider use of LAN-based, information-sharing platform for the Internet and on-line office systems.And modern construction project scale is big , the participation unit personnel is many, sometimes relate to in the homeland abroad, the construction project document is many(If letters , notice , drawing sheet , contract , progress report, purchase an order form, examine applying for and approving , designing change record and so on) Information amounts are big. The tradition project information administration is to take paper as carrier , that the person transfers way is that with the classics that dyadic management system of the tradition pyramid adapts to each other to linking way , this way up arrangement of ideas is many , inefficient , cost are high , the pole is easy to communicate with because of information link a fault up bringing about loss. Investigation of USA BRICSNET company shows exactly as, 3% ~ 5% of project cost middle is 30% since the information fault leads to , among them use Zhan that the mistake or the drawing sheet exceeding the time limit brings about. In USA , cost about 500 million U. S. dollar , 1% ~ in project cost spend on express mail service to transfer project administration document and drawing sheet every year, 2% is all used for daily printing , duplicating and faxing to and so on. Investigation demonstrates , the construction project participates in all short of any whenbeing completed what when being grasps useful precis writer document the all quantity 65%. Today expanding in information high speed , IT building business administration must fully utilize.4.3 Develop the business affairs applying system owing to Internet (Internet) various, if electronic, the project administration waits on the net, with Internet technology lifting project control level.That building enterprise wields the IT priority is to develop the information management system applying the project taking INTERNET as platform , build the data base and network linkup, material purchases realization on bidding , inquiring about , having caught with a net on the net convention , the net on the net waiting. By supposing organization on building a net, this one concept, is changed into direction information exchanging way being to exchange way , potentiation and accuracy of equal rank , realizes the information resources share , improves scientificalness and timeliness communicating with the decision-making working together , improving. The project Management Information System and end item technology making use of taking INTERNET as platform in the stage being under construction, software realizes the process informationization administration being under construction. For instance: Project manager any moment in being able to on one day, any place convenes the suppositional working conference , the project is composed of how exchanges data information in any moment , any place and pertinent engineer , examine the mass being under construction, countersign drawing sheet and document; The construction site handling crew can appraise by the fact that the handheld computer carries out the direct mass detecting information net play being under construction to company home office; Check and accept a stage in being completed , of all kinds the data being completed records voluntarily generated information administration according to mass;4.4 Application level continuing pushing forward computer-aid the project administration being under construction and handicraft under the controlof software energetically.Currently, want the application pushing forward the construction management three control procedure (rate of progress , mass , cost) relevance software's energetically. The characteristic property making use of network planning techniques to be able to demonstrate the key job , cutting time , mutual restraint relation, uses the network rate of progress management software to control a rate of progress , adjustment and time carrying out resource in time according to the rate of progress being under construction optimize if, in the field of progress control,adapt to changeful condition of construction site, this kind of software is at present already comparatively mature; In the field of mass under the control of, project quality control is that construction management is hit by one important ring , have information amounts are big , the comprehensiveness is strong , technology degree of difficulty is tall the characteristic, makes use of quality control software compared with hand operation , whose superiority lays stress on very much: Treatment time is short , the result reliability is high. Quality control software system may be used for the process being under construction every stage mass under the control of sum appraises, coming into being including the various grade estimation form for report, various grade estimation appraises , provides reliable matter guarantee thereby for the quality control personnel implements dynamic control to project mass as well as curvilinear drawing measuring the bisected data part item project mass grade according to various reality being in progress.In the field of handicraft under the control of software, should optimize the base pit applying comparatively broad depths further designing that design waits for application software with the effect calculating , building the form board being under construction designs that , engineering survey , big volume construction mass control , the large-scale component hoisting automation controls , pipeline equipment assembles three dimension.。