学术英语医学
学术英语-医学-Unit-2
Page 28
Unit 2
Resurgent and Text A
Emergent Diseases
Critical reading andFra bibliotekthinking
Knowledge of the subject matter
• a change in virulence, reflecting mutation in the exterior of the bacterium
• multi-drug-resistant strain of TB
• TB also hitched a ride on the HIV wagon by attacking the immunocompromised—an emerging disease thus helping reignite an old one.
Lead-in
• Issues to be covered • Task
Unit 2
Resurgent and Lead-in
Emergent Diseases
Issues to be covered
• Reasons for emerging and re-emerging diseases • Updated information about some most common
Page 28
Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases
Text A
Critical reading and thinking Knowledge of the subject matter
• drug resistance
– incomplete courses of antibiotic therapy >>>>>> the hardiest >>>>>>>>> new, more powerful lineages
学术英语(医学)U
Delivering the review comments to authors in a timely manner to facilitate effective revision.
Citation and Reference Format of Medical Papers
Medical terms often have multiple meanings and contextspecific usage, requiring careful consideration.
Medical dictionaries and glossaries are valuable resources for accurate understanding and usage of medical terms.
Medical literature reading and writing
Reading and understanding medical literature is crucial for staying up-to-date with the latest research and practices.
English (Medical) U
Writing Techniques for Medical Papers
Use of appropriate language
Medical English should be precise, objective, and free of colloquial language or jargon.
全球医疗交流与合
作
随着全球医疗合作的日益频繁， 学术英语（医学）能够帮助医学 生和医务工作者更好地参与国际 学术交流，分享研究成果，提高 国际竞争力。
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词以下是医学学术英语中的一些主要词汇：
1. Anatomy - 解剖学
2. Physiology - 生理学
3. Pathology - 病理学
4. Pharmacology - 药理学
5. Microbiology - 微生物学
6. Genetics - 遗传学
7. Immunology - 免疫学
8. Epidemiology - 流行病学
9. Diagnosis - 诊断
10. Treatment - 治疗
11. Surgery - 外科手术
12. Radiology - 放射学
13. Cardiology - 心脏病学
14. Oncology - 肿瘤学
15. Neurology - 神经病学
16. Gastroenterology - 胃肠病学
17. Obstetrics - 产科学
18. Pediatrics - 儿科学
19. Dermatology - 皮肤病学
20. Psychiatry - 精神病学
21. Anesthesia - 麻醉学
22. Endocrinology - 内分泌学
23. Cardiac - 心脏的
24. Respiratory - 呼吸的
25. Digestive - 消化的
26. Nervous - 神经的
27. Muscular - 肌肉的
28. Skeletal - 骨骼的
29. Vascular - 血管的
30. Immune - 免疫的
这只是医学学术英语中的一小部分词汇，医学领域非常广泛，还有很多其他词汇和专业术语。
学术英语(医学)-Unit 7
Medical Abbreviations and Acronyms
Master the common medical abbreviations and acronyms used in medical settings. Avoid confusion and improve efficiency in communication.
Medical English for Medical Imaging and Radiography
Understand the language used in medical imaging and radiography. Learn how to effectively communicate findings and discuss imaging techniques.
Medical Case Reports and Presentations
Delve into the art of writing compelling medical case reports and delivering impactful presentations. Learn how to effectively communicate complex medical cases.
Medical English for Surgery and Anesthesiology
Explore the specialized vocabulary and terminology used in surgery and anesthesiology. Enhance your communication skills in the operating room.
学术英语医学Unit4
医学英语听力的提高方法
多听医学英语材料：如医学讲座、学术报告等，提高对医学英语语音的敏感度。 学习医学专业词汇：掌握常用的医学词汇和短语，有助于理解医学英语听力材料。 练习听写：通过听写练习，提高对医学英语听力材料的理解和记忆能力。 参加医学英语听力培训班：通过专业的指导和训练，提高医学英语听力水平。
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
句子结构：分析长难句，理解医学 文献的表述方式
文献评价：学会评价医学文献的可 靠性和科学性，避免误导
学术英语医学Unit4的语法 和句型
第四章
医学英语句子的结构分析
主语+谓语： 陈述句的基本
结构
主语+谓语+宾 语：完整句子
的基本结构
主语+谓语+表 语：表达状态
或特征
学术英语医学Unit4的实践 和应用
第七章
医学英语翻译的实践练习
医学英语翻译的实践练习：通过实际案例，练习医学英语翻译技巧，提高翻译准确性和流畅 性。
医学英语词汇积累：掌握常用的医学英语词汇和表达方式，提高医学英语翻译的准确性和地 道性。
医学英语语法和句型学习：掌握医学英语的语法和句型特点，提高医学英语翻译的准确性和 规范性。
学术英语医学 Unit4
XX,a click to unlimited possibilities
汇报人：XX
目录
CONTENTS
01 添加目录标题 02 学术英语医学Unit4的概述 03 学术英语医学Unit4的词汇和表达 04 学术英语医学Unit4的语法和句型 05 学术英语医学Unit4的写作技巧
文献综述：总结前人研究，分析研究空白
研究方法：详细描述实验或调查设计、数据采集和分析方 法
学术英语医学第二版unit4
学术英语医学第二版unit4英文回答：In Unit 4 of Academic English for Medicine (Second Edition), medical professionals are introduced to the concept of "evidence-based medicine" (EBM), a systematic approach to clinical practice that relies on the best available evidence from research studies. This unit delves into the principles of EBM, including the importance of critical appraisal of research findings and the integration of this evidence into clinical decision-making. Additionally, this unit explores the role of statistics and epidemiology in EBM and discusses the challenges associated with implementing EBM in clinical practice.中文回答：学术英语医学第二版第 4 单元。
在学术英语医学（第二版）第 4 单元中，医学专业人士接触到了“循证医学”（EBM）的概念，这是一种基于研究中最佳可用证据的系统性临床实践方法。
本单元深入探讨 EBM 的原则，包括对研究结果进行批判性评估以及将证据整合到临床决策的重要性。
此外，本单元探讨了统计学和流行病学在 EBM 中的作用，并讨论了在临床实践中实施 EBM 所面临的挑战。
学术英语(医学)_Unit 5
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
•
Language building-up – Signpost language – Vocabulary test Suggested answers
• Our body intelligence suppressed and dormant • Tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis • Limiting, self-defeating, and even self-destructive behaviors that undermines our well-being and keeps them from achieving our full potential
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
4 Describe the time of great confusion we live in. • People’s mind infected by spin
Unit 5 Healthy Living
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
3 Illustrate the relationship between life on automatic pilot and wellness. • Constant messages, positive and negative, sent to our mind about the health of our body • Physical symptoms suppressed • Being well equaled to being disease or illness free • Wellness confused with an absence of symptoms
学术英语(医学)重点翻译
.
Page 27
Text A
Suggested Answers
colonoscopy 结肠镜检查（术）
hypertension
高血压Βιβλιοθήκη mammogram 乳房X线照片
neuron
神经元，神经细胞
nutritionist
营养学家
osteoporosis
骨质疏松
.
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Text A
Suggested answers – language building-up
• “出现新病” 实际上是一种退步，又回到上个世纪普遍存在的水平。
• …which never really went away, though upscale opera buffs might have thought it was confined to productions of “La Boheme”…
.
Unit 1
Doctors’ Life Text B
Vocabulary test
• a medical ___w_a_r_d___（内科病房） • infectious _h_e_p_a_ti_ti_s__（传染性肝炎） • severe __m_a_l_a_is_e____（身体严重不适） • bilirubin _m__e_ta_b_o_l_is_m__（胆红素代谢） • permanent __li_v_e_r _ damage（永久的肝损伤）
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会 让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出 三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。
《学术英语》医学-译文
Unit 1 Text A神经过载与千头万绪的医生患者经常抱怨自己的医生不会聆听他们的诉说。
虽然可能会有那么几个医生确实充耳不闻，但是大多数医生通情达理，还是能够感同身受的人。
我就纳闷为什么即使这些医生似乎成为批评的牺牲品。
我常常想这个问题的成因是不是就是医生所受的神经过载。
有时我感觉像变戏法，大脑千头万绪，事无巨细，不能挂一漏万。
如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。
有一天，我算过一次常规就诊过程中我脑子里有多少想法在翻腾，试图据此弄清楚为了完满完成一项工作，一个医生的脑海机灵转动，需要处理多少个细节。
奥索里奥夫人56岁，是我的病人。
她有点超重。
她的糖尿病和高血压一直控制良好，恰到好处。
她的胆固醇偏高，但并没有服用任何药物。
她锻炼不够多，最后一次DEXA骨密度检测显示她的骨质变得有点疏松。
尽管她一直没有爽约，按时看病，并能按时做血液化验，但是她形容自己的生活还有压力。
总的说来，她健康良好，在医疗实践中很可能被描述为一个普通患者，并非过于复杂。
以下是整个20分钟看病的过程中我脑海中闪过的念头。
她做了血液化验，这是好事。
血糖好点了。
胆固醇不是很好。
可能需要考虑开始服用他汀类药物。
她的肝酶正常吗？她的体重有点增加。
我需要和她谈谈每天吃五种蔬果、每天步行30分钟的事。
糖尿病：她早上的血糖水平和晚上的比对结果如何？她最近是否和营养师谈过？她是否看过眼科医生？足科医生呢？她的血压还好，但不是很好。
我是不是应该再加一种降血压的药？药片多了是否让她困惑？更好地控制血压的益处和她可能什么药都不吃带来的风险孰重孰轻？骨密度DEXA扫描显示她的骨质有点疏松。
我是否应该让她服用二磷酸盐，因为这可以预防骨质疏松症？而我现在又要给她加一种药丸，而这种药需要详细说明。
也许留到下一次再说吧？她家里的情况怎么样呢？她现在是否有常见的生活压力？亦或她有可能有抑郁症或焦虑症？有没有时间让她做个抑郁问卷调查呢？健康保养：她最后一次乳房X光检查是什么时候做的？子宫颈抹片呢？50岁之后是否做过结肠镜检查？过去10年间她是否注射过破伤风加强疫苗？她是否符合接种肺炎疫苗的条件？奥索里奥夫人打断了我的思路，告诉我过去的几个月里她一直背痛。
学术英语(医学)单词复习
医学学术英语——词汇部分复习资料Unit11. neuron 神经2. office visit(诊所)就诊3. scan 扫描4. medical practice 行医5. blood pressure 血压6. maintenance(健康)保持7. mammogram 乳房X线8. physical 身体9. side effect 副作用10. panic 恐慌11. practicing 执业12. transplant 移植13. budget 预算14. tablet 药片15. childproof 防孩子16. randomized 随机17. allocation(随机)分配18. prognosis 预后19. control 对照20. follow-up 跟踪21. ward 病房22. hepatitis 肝炎23. malaise 身体不适24. metabolism 代谢25. liver 肝病理生理27. literature 文献28. investigation 调查29. incidence 率30. epidemiology 流行病学31. bed rest 卧床休息32. hospital stay 住院33. jaundice 黄疸34. course 病程35. intravenous 静脉注射36. diastolic 舒张37. perfusion 灌注38. primary 初级39. bypass(冠脉)旁路40. informed 知情41. humanitarian 人道主义42. the Red Cross 红十字会43. relief 援助44. casualty 人员伤亡45. emergency 紧急Unit21. re-emerging 再现2. strain 变种3. vaccine 疫苗4. infectious 传染性的5. emerging 新出现6. prevention 预防7. plague 鼠疫8. pathogenic 病原的9. authorities 机构10. drug resistanc 抗药性11. course 疗程12. scarlet fever 猩红热13. virulence 毒性14. pandemic 大流行15. antigen 抗原16. genetic 基因的17. neurological 神经性18. immunity 免疫力19. infrastructure 基础设施20. case 病例21. swine 猪22. tuberculosis 结核23.morbidity/incidence 发病率24. professionals 专业人士25. latent 潜伏26. skin test 皮试27. screening 筛查28. interferon 干扰素29. toxicity 毒性30. curable 可治愈的31. intractable 难治的32. pathogen 病原体33. ulcer 溃疡34. exposure 接触(带病者)35. recombination 重组36. bioterrorism 生物恐怖活动37. foodborne 生物传播Unit31. adrenaline 肾上腺素2. residency 实习3. autoimmune 自身免疫4. stamina 持久力5. transient 短暂的6. bedridden 卧床不起7. building block 基本构件8. model 模型9. neurodegeneration 神经退化排除(毒素)优化载量复发自我实验试验神经肌肉治疗师微量营养素功能跟踪协调心血管亲密同步传染调节生物心理慰藉M R I激活强制性无把握的背景概念方案并发症抗肿瘤标准的药理学的溶解性vivo 体内Unit41. complementary 补充2. alternative 替代(医学)3. paradigm 模式4. acupuncture 针灸5. adjunct 辅助6. nausea 恶心7. post-operative 术后8. clinical 临床的9. physicaltherapy 理疗10. therapeutic 治疗(方法)11. intervention 干预12. design 设计13. resonance 共振14. emission 发射PET15. analgesia 止痛16. establishment(生物医学) 界17. rehabilitation 康复18. licensed 持照(针灸师)19. strategies 策略20. formulas 配方21. wide array 各式各样的22. integrative( 中西医)结合23. acute 急性的24. administer 给药25. procedure 程序26. evaluation 评估27. prevalence 患病率28. conventional 传统 ( 疗法)29. evidence-based 循证的30. management( 压力)处理31. peripheral 外周／外围32. mechanisms 机制33. reductionistic 还原式的效益35. outcomes 结果36. preclinical 临床前37. plausible 可能的38. manipulative 推拿39. homeopathic 顺势40. naturopathic 自然 (疗法)41. meditation 冥想Unit51. crisis 危机2. symptoms 症状3. vitality 活力4. immune 免疫5. virus 病毒6. lifestyle 生活方式7. robust 健全的8. fragile 脆弱的9. balance 平衡10. spiritual 精神的11. blockages 路障12. repressed 被压抑的13. genuine 真实的(真情实感)14. physiological 心理15. integrated 整合的(十全十美)16. decaying teeth 蛀牙17. nutrition 营养18. waistline 腰围19. bottled 瓶装(水)20. intake 摄入21. appetite 食欲22. protein 蛋白质23. obesity 肥胖症24. lean 精益的(蛋白质)25. dietary 饮食(习惯)26. quality 质量27. dairy 乳制品28. diabetes 糖尿病29. content 含量Unit61. nursing home 养老院2. hospice 临终(关怀)3. failure(心)衰around-the-clock24 小时随叫随到5. coronary 冠心病6. respond(对治疗有)反应7. facility 机构8. end-of-life 终末期9. comfort 舒适的(护理)10. hospital discharge 出院11. care(症状)护理12. palliative 姑息的13. fatal illness 绝症14. pulmonary 肺的 C O P D15. experimental 实验性的16. advisors 顾问17. discontinue 终止18. dialysis 透析19. smear 涂片20. provider 医患关系21. care-as-usual 常规医护22. preventive 预防性23. beaten 常用的off the beatenpath 离开熟路,另辟蹊径24. moldinto the shape 塑形25. renew 重新开始 torenew aprescription 照旧处方再开药26. fertilization 授精27. basic 基础的(生物学)28. stem cell 干细胞29. collaborate 合作30. test-tube 试管(婴儿)31. reproductive 生殖的32. hormones 激素33. immature 未成熟的34. empirical 经验(观察)35. pioneering 首创的36. endoscope 内镜37. ethical 伦理的38. concern(社会)关注39. infertile 不孕不育的40. inherited 遗传性的41. fibrosis 纤维化42. dilemmas 困境Unit71. station(护士)站2. life-support 生命维持(系统)3. measures 护理措施4. withdraw 停止(治疗)5. paternalistic 家长式的6. empowerment 授权7. ethicists 伦理学家8. principles 准则9. ideal 理念以病人为中心的11. autonomy 自主权12. options 选择13. exclusivepurview 专属的(领域)14. emergency 紧急(决定)15. restraint 限制16. anxiety 焦虑17. transgression 违背18. practice(家庭)医疗19. metastases(广泛)转移20. aggressive 积极的21. primary 原发22. follow-up 随访23. record 病历24. embolism 栓塞25. tomography 断层摄像C T26. infiltrates 浸润27. chest 胸28. lower-lobe 左下叶29. labored(呼吸)困难30. team 团队31. chronic 慢性的32. psychosocial 社会心理33. guidelines 指南34. implement 实施(治疗方案)Unit91. curriculum 课程2. community 界3. expectations 期待4. attributes(个人)品质5. value 看重The place value on 看重6. maladies 疾患7. diagnostic 诊断的8. manifestations 临床表现Unit81. subject 受试对象2. biomedical 生物医学3. therapy 治疗4. protocol 方案5. beneficence 有利6. justice 公正7. autonomous 有自主能力的8. diminished 减弱Diminished autonomy自主性减弱9. exposed to 面临10. Oath 誓言11. distribution 分配12. consent 同意Informed consent 知情同意13. procedures 程序14. operating 手术台15. obligation 责任16. pediatric 儿科的17. perform 做(手术)18. flow(血)流19. intensive 重症的ICU20. adoptive 义(父) 生(父)22. psychological 心理的23. medical 医学的24. occupational 职业的25. contract 感染性的26. infection 感染27. blood vessel 血管28. circulation 循环29. welfare 安宁30. disapprove 不批准31. protocol 研究计划32. liability 责任9. civic mindednes 民本意识10. chatter 闲谈11. manner(临床)举止12. directories 名录13. integral 不可分割的14. underserved 服务匮乏的15. shortage(初级保健)缺乏16. certification 证书17. address 应对(需要)18. basics 基础知识19. teaching 教学(医院)20. academic 学术的Unit101. coverage 范围medical coverage 医疗保险支付范围2. Medicaid 医疗救助3. single-payer 单一支付4. subsidize 补贴5. deliver 提供6. duplicative 重复的7. sustained 长期的8. deficits(视力)缺陷9. echocardiogram 超声心动图10. thrombus 血栓11. stroke 中风12. artery 动脉13. intracranial 颅内的14. cerebral 大脑15. bleeding 出血16. brain-stem 脑干17. recovery 恢复18. ventilation 通气19. anticoagulant 抗凝血20. infusions 输液21. surgeon 外科医生22. administrators 管理者23. ambulances 救护车24. elective 可做可不做25. infarction 梗死时间要求紧迫的27. arrest 停止28. traumatic 外伤的,创伤的29. intervention 介入术30. multi-payer 多家支付的31. universal 全民的32. for-profit 以营利为目的的33. pharmaceutical 制药的34. remedies 治疗方法home-brewed remedy 自创的治疗方法35. out-of-pocket 自掏腰包21. affiliate with 隶属于继续医学教育。
《学术英语(医学)(第二版)》Unit1翻译及课后习题答案
UNIT 1 A Doctor’s LifeTeaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 1, students (Ss) are expected to accomplish the following objectives:Teaching Activities and ResourcesPart 1 ReadingText ALead-inSuggested teaching plan1.Start the class by sharing your experiences with doctors.2.Brainstorming task:1)Ask Ss to brainstorm what they know about a doctor’s life and practice.2)Write down the key words on the chalkboard.3)Ask Ss to have a short discussion on different aspects of a doctor’s life. Ssare encouraged to use the key words in discussion.The following is a list of suggested key words:3.Make a summary on the discussion and introduce the topic of Text A.Text ComprehensionSuggested teaching plan1.When preparing for and planning the class, the teacher (T) can search “doctor’slife” on the Internet and find out what people say and think about a doctor’s life.Start the class by introducing the findings. This is a natural continuation of Lead-in.2.Analyze the text and lead Ss to discuss, integrating Task 2 / Critical reading andthinking / Text A into analysis and discussion. The presentation topics should be assigned to individual Ss for preparation at least one week in advance. Ask other Ss to preview the text with the guidance of the presentation topics.3.Integrate Task 2/ Language building-up/ Text A when a parentheticalstatement is dealt with.4.When analyzing the text, ask Ss to pay special attention to the sentences listed inLanguage focus below.5.If time allows, ask Ss to do Task 1 / Critical reading and thinking / Text A inabout five minutes. Check out the task by asking one or two Ss to read their answers. This is done to get an overview about the text.Language focus1.… that one stray request from a patient—even one that is quite relevant—might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down. (P2, Para. 1)两个破折号之间是插入语，补充说明病人冷不丁提出的要求（stray request）也可能是相当中肯的（relevant），即便如此，对聚精会神的医生来说也是“灾难性的”。
学术英语(医学)-Unit
Choose appropriate academic English (medical)
textbooks
Select texts that align with learning objectives
Look for books that focus on the language and concepts relevant to the medical field.
Oral expression skills in medical reports
准确描述病情
能够用口头方式准确描述患者的 病情、症状和体征，为医生提供
全面的患者信息。
清晰解释治疗方案
能够用口头方式清晰解释治疗方案、 手术过程和药物使用等方面的信息。
流利汇报检查结果
能够流利地汇报检查结果，包括实 验室检查、影像学检查和病理检查 结果等。
04
了解国际医学研究动态 和趋势，拓展学术视野 和知识储备。
02
Vocabulary and Expression of Academic English (Medical)
Learning and Accumulation of Medical Vocabulary
总结词
积累专业词汇
详细描述
医学英语中有很多专业术语，如拉丁语、希腊语等，需要 理解这些术语的含义和用法。可以通过查阅词典、学习专 业术语表等方式加深对专业术语的理解。
Abstract
A concise summary of the article, including objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.
Introduction
Describes
学术英语—医学Unit 4整理
学术英语医学Academic English for MedicineUnit 4 Alternative medicineText ATopics for presentation1. Give a brief explanation of the two concepts: complementary medicine and alternative medicine. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)CAM: a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine Complementary medicine : use of CAM together with conventional medicineAlternative medicine: use of CAM in place of conventional medicine2. To what extent do you agree with the authors opinion on traditional Chinese medicine being “affordable, low tech, safe and effective”? Facilities: simple, inexpensiveTechnology: needles, cups, coinsMost procedures and operations: noninvasiveThe substances used as medicine: indeed all natural, from nature, raw herbs or abstracts from them Effectiveness: proven and ensured with a long history The theories and practices: new light shed with ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi3. Summarize the clinical uses of acupuncture.An adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program forpost-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting post-operative dental painAddiction stroke rehabilitation headache menstrual cramps tennis elbow fibromyalgia myofascial pain osteoarthritis low back pain carpal tunnel syndrome and asthma4 Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US?●Research: TCM framework VS BiomedicalModality●Future clinical trials that test acupuncture withinthe framework of traditional Chinese medicine are likely to provide a more appropriate and clinically meaningful assessment of acupuncture efficacythan the current generation of clinical trials which use a diagnosis framed primarily in biomedicalterms4. Do you think the author is overoptimistic in predicting a wider future use of acupuncture in the US?●Research: The right track to follow●Unlike drugs, acupuncture is more akin tosurgery and physical therapy in terms oftherapeutic modalities.●For the time being, evidence based on largecase series should be considered in determiningrecommendations for clinical practice.●Adoption / Use●-Proven useful in additional areas●-Used not only for treatment but also forprevention and promotion of wellness●-Exploration and perfection to becontinued5. Explain how inappropriate uses of herbs may result in complications.Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance -Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient-Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulasDigression from either of the above conditions, misuses of herbs, will result in complications in patient6．Various approaches to herbal study are mentioned in the text. Pick one to discuss the advantages and limitations.randomized controlled trialsquasi-experimentscohort studiescase-control studies“N=1”trials7. What are the difficulties in investigating herbal therapies?Dependence of synthesis of evidence on-The completeness of the literature search (Unavailable for foreign studies)-The accuracy of evaluationNo answers to be found for the questions of interestRequirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8.What are the factors to consider when we integrate eastern and western medicine?Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in societyResearch and educationPolitical, economic and social factorsUseful expressions●…Panel conservatively recommended thatacupuncture may be used as an adjuncttreatment…(Para.3)●The panel ascertained that acupuncture can beused to treat …(Para.3)●It is also recommended as an adjunct treatmentor…(Para.3)●When appropriately prepared and used, herbscan be safe and effective. (Para.8)●Clinical research methodologists should take thetheoretical construct and clinical approach ofTCM into consideration when designing trials.(Para.9)●Research designs such as randomized controlledtrials26 have advantages and disadvantages indetermining the efficacy of any therapeuticintervention, and can be carried out for botanicals, as seen by a study on herbal formulas for irritable bowel syndrome. (Para.9)●It is essential that researchers and practitionersbe educated in both traditional and westernmedicines in order to perform researchappropriately and treat patients effectively.(Para.10)Difficult Sentences●Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture,herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on someof the theories and practices of TCM.●全世界有关针灸、草药、按摩和太极拳的持续研究已阐明了中医的有些理论和实践。
学术英语(医学)Unit7
了解、提升医学学术英语演讲技巧，向大家传递我的专业知识。通过生动的 布局和图片，使我的演讲更有吸引力和易于理解。
概述
介绍医学学术英语演讲技巧的重要性和本单元的概述。
准备演讲
选择演讲话题，进行研究和收集信息，创建大纲，并排练演讲。
有效演讲技巧
介绍身体语言和面部表情、声音投射和语速、使用视觉辅助工具以及处理紧 张情绪的技巧。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
回答问题与反馈
回答问题的策略，处理同事和导师的反馈，以及如何利用反馈改进演讲技巧。
团体演讲
与同事合作进行团体演讲，明确分工和责任，解决冲突和挑战。
总结
复习本单元的重要内容，强调继续练习和提升演讲技巧的重要性。
参考资料
列出用于进一步学习和探索医学学术英语演讲技巧的资源。
学术英语(医学)课后问题答案
Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition:·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —and completely justified —request”：the form signed by her doctor.·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient whilecompleting documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computers and human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:• Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re-emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:» Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union» TB in urban centers like New York City» Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel from one country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its level of virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '• The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:» She read articles on websites such as PubMed.» She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.» She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types — dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.» She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, and neurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration ·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we can take many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensive facilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, and they are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness ·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:» Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient»Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, and will result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:»Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group» Tendency to produce comparable groups» Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:» Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole»A poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissue»Extremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroups• Quasi-experimentsAdvantages:» Control group comparisons possible»Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlledlaboratory setting.»Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：» Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs donot use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.»Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groups• Cohort studiesAdvantages:»Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome» Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure» Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:» Larger, longer, and more expensive» Prone to certain types of bias» Not practical for rare outcomes• Case-control studiesAdvantages:» The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with long periods between exposure and outcome» Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：» Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trials as it is observational in nature» Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcome• “N=1” trialsAdvantages» Easy to manage» InexpensiveLimitations：» Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population» Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、• Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:» The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)» The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：» Continuous stress» Pain» Hardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:» Energy and vitality» A certain zip in gait» A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:» Half-truth» Fearful fictions» Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:» Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions» Building our wellness toolbox slowly» Picturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:» Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change» Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit» Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotions1、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are caredin hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a new set of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatment choices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, andfacility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like a hospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start comfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor 4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than having the patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes a large part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:» Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapy» Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental” with the terms “experimenta l”and “research” carelessly defined2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms . ·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seeding the benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them ·Application:» A process rather than signing a written form» Adequate information as the premise» A well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: » At the individual level: fairness» At the social level: distinction between classes。
学术英语(医学)U
了解判断研究可靠性和有效性的指标。
3
应用到实际临床
学会将研究结果应用到实际临床实践中。
科学写作：结构与风格
1
写作结构和组织
学习医学论文和报告的结构和组织方式。
2
语法和标点符号
掌握科学写作的语法规范和标点符号的使用方法。
3
科学风格和科学表达
培养使用科学语言和风格进行写作的能力。
文献检索与筛选
学会使用文献数据库进行 检索和筛选医学文献。
统计分析和研究方法
探讨统计分析和研究方法 对医学研究的重要性和应 用。
实证医学与研究伦理
了解实证医学方法和研究 伦理原则，保证科研的可 靠性和道德性。
医学研究文章的批判性评估
1
关键考量因素
学习如何评估医学研究文章的方法学和结果。2可靠性和有性学论文和报告。3
学术文献引用
了解学术引用规范，以及如何使用参 考文献管理工具。
医学术语：重要术语与定义
解剖学术语
学习身体结构和组织的专业词汇，并理解其 含义。
疾病与诊断术语
掌握常见疾病和诊断术语，了解医学专业交 流的基础词汇。
生理学术语
掌握相关生理学术语，深入了解人体系统的 功能和过程。
药物与治疗术语
学术英语(医学)U
学术英语(医学)U PPT大纲
引言
本课程旨在为医学学生提供有效的阅读和写作技巧，以及医学术语、解剖学 与生理学的语言、医疗伦理、研究方法学等方面的知识。
医学学术英语阅读与写作技巧
1
阅读技巧
掌握快速阅读和理解医学文献的方法，
写作技巧
2
提高学习效率。
学习撰写准确、清晰、逻辑严谨的医
学习药物和治疗方面的专业术语，理解药物 的使用和效果。
学术英语(医学)_Unit_7
Unit 7 Life and Medicine
Text A Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation
3 In what way can patient empowerment be good for the patient?
Two principles /tenets / notions involved in the decision-making process • respect for the person
Unit 7 Life and Medicine
Lead-in
Task: Read the title of Text A and imagine three different situations in which doctors may be asked to make “tough decisions” for their patients. Then write them down.
Useful expressions
• …a majority of patients are being left to make decisions that they never wanted to in the first place.
• When it came to medical decisions, almost all the respondents wanted their doctors to offer choices and consider their opinions.
• Suggested answers
Unit 7 Life and Medicine
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• What are the causes for complaints of doctors’ being impatient and careless?
• What kind of life does a doctor lead?
• How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?
• Language building-up – Signpost language – Formal English – Vocabulary test
• Suggested answers
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Text A 资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Critical reading and thinking
Critical reading and thinking
Useful expressions
• a 56-year-old woman • somewhat overweight • reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension • cholesterol on the high side without any medications for
Unit 1 Doctors’正。
Text A
• Critical reading and thinking – Questions for discussion – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
Lead-in资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Additional activity
What do they mean for a doctor?
– a decent career – a noble calling – respectable – knowledgeable – under great pressure – underpaid – mistrusted – dangerous
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Unit Contents
Lead-in Text A Text B Text C Listening Speaking Writing Get reading for Unit 2
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Lead-in
• Questions to be answered • Brainstorm • Additional activity
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Lead-in资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Questions to be answered
Questions for discussion
• How do you interpret the title?
– neuron overload – juggling physician
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Text A 资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Critical reading and thinking
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Unit 1
Doctors’ Life
Doctors are thought as noble, respectable, and caring, but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors’ being impatient and careless. What are the causes for such complaints? How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine? This unit explores doctors’ life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Lead-in资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Brainstorm
Brainstorm a list of words and expressions related to a doctor’s life and practice.
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Topics for presentation
1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors don’t listen?
• neuron overload • patients’ high expectations • mistrust and misunderstanding between the
patients and physician
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Text A 资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Topics for presentation
2 Describe Mrs. Osorio’s condition.
Unit 1 Doctors’ Life
Text A 资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
this • not as much exercise as she should • thinning of her bones on last DEXA scan • stressful but good about keeping her appointments and