有关物流方面的英文文献word版本
物流外文文献翻译(DOC)
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve completecontrol, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systemsapproach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including theintegration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. Theestablishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends tomajor aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流配送外文翻译文献
物流配送外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Logistics distribution1. INTRODUCTIONLogistics is normally considered as nothing more than getting the right product to the right place at the right time for the least cost. Faced with a rapidly changing environment, revolutionary changes in technology, continued government deregulation, the shortening of product life cycle, proliferation of product lines and shifts in traditionalmanufacturer-retailer relationships, many organisations have had to rethink their traditional assumptions.Over the last ten years one of the most significant changes in management thinking was the emphasis on the search for strategies that will provide superior value in competition. Logistics management has the potential to assist the organisation in the achievement of both a cost/productivity advantage and a value advantage. The importance of logistics and its integration in the supply chain was argued by.China is a huge consumer market that accounted for a third of global economic growth over the past three years. Its development speed and potential cannot be ignored by the rest of the world. As a result of China’s internal and external economic attributes, most of the global consumer brands have established operations there. In particular in the automobile industry, many of the leading global OEMs including Honda, Toyota, General Motors, V olkswagen and Ford have established joint-venture partnerships with local car manufacturers. Auto sales in China rose by 76% in the year to July 2003 and by 2011, China is expected to surpass Japan to become the world’s second largest auto market. In order to compete in the Chinese market share and satisfy increasing demand, these operations are continuously expanding their production volumes with astonishing speed. Such expansion is, however carried out in the context of a legacy environment.China spans a large geographical area with, in many parts, under-developed infrastructure. This presents a challenge to efficient deployment of logistics strategies. Furthermore, the involvement of third party logistics providers, favoured by most global OEMs, is an emergent consideration in China. Finally, the conflicts that inevitably arise in the joint venture partnerships lead to delays in the introduction of western logistics management experiences and methods from the OEMs. All these factors increase the difficulties in managing logistics by China’s local auto makers.2. The overall development of foreign distribution Overview2.1 The United States of modern logistics developmentTwenty-first century from the 60s on wards, the rationalization of distribution of goods in general are valued in the United States to take the following measures: First, the warehouse will replace the old distribution center: The second is the management of the introduction of computer networks, on the loading and unloading, handling, custody, standardized operation, improve operating efficiency; Third, the common chain distribution centers set up to promote the growth of chain-effective. United States chain stores have a variety of distribution centers, mainly in the wholesale-based, retail and warehouse-type three types.2.2 Japan's modern logistics developmentOn logistics and distribution of wood with the following features: well-developed distribution channels, frequent, low-volume stock, logistics and distribution reflects the common and set the trend sticks, logistics and distribution cooperative, the Government planning in the development of modern logistics and distribution play an important role in the process of .2.3 European modern development of logisticsCountries in Europe, especially Germany, logistics refers to the user's orders in accordance with the requirements of positions in the logistics sub-goods distribution, the goods will be sent to the consignee with good activities. Germany's logistics industry formed of basic commodities from origin to distribution center, from the distribution center (and sometimes through more than one distribution center) arrive at the modern mode of end customers. Traveled in Germany, it can be said of the logistics and distribution in Germany has been formed to final demand-oriented to the modernization of transport and high-tech information network as a bridge to a reasonable R69 distribution center hub to run a complete system.2.4 the main reasons of logistics industry developing faster in developed countriesRelying on high-tech to the core economies of scale to allow flexibility based on a variety of forms.3、China's 3PL enterprises are facing a major obstacle to business3.1 The current situation of China's 3PLChina's 3PL enterprises: service radius of a small, low entry barriers. With the gradual warming heat logistics, urban logistics industry is also increasingly unitary covered by the importance and development. However, due to historical reasons in our country, the long-standing emphasis on production of a light flow, heavy flow to light the idea of the logistics, distribution of development in the not yet ripe at this stage, there is the issue more prominent in the following two aspects: the service delivery difficult to play a central role, the process of distribution of the low level of modernization.China's 3PL companies with foreign 3PL companies mainly in the gap between the three aspects: First, procurement capacity, and the other is logistics, and the third is cash flow. Aspects of logistics and distribution, foreign retailers have done very well, has a set of efficient logistics information system, which can effectively improve the inventory turnover rate, so as to enhance the return on assets and profitability. And domestic retailers in this area has just started, or have not yet started.3.2 distribution center lower the overall distribution, commercial chain failed to give full play to the advantagesFrom our point of view the existing commercial retail enterprises, in addition to some large, well-known commercial enterprises, the general commercial "chain" businesses are not set up their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics center. Although these companies have also established some of his own "chain" stores, but in fact operating goods stores do not do "unified procurement, unified distribution, unified billing," which allows some commercial retail enterprises, "chain" seems to exist in name only. The other has been established in their own logistics and distribution centers or use third-party logistics distribution center of commodities in commercial enterprises, the effectiveness of distribution centers has not been effective, which in turn affected the procurement cost of an integrated chain advantages, including outstanding manifested by the distribution center for goods distribution ratio of unity is very low. Uniform distribution logistics center can not beachieved, indicating the store's commercial enterprises "unified purchase" did not materialize, rather than a unified procurement chain has lost the core strengths.3.3 China's more enterprises are facing a major obstacle of the higher logistics costWal-Mart 8 5% of the commodities distribution through the distribution center, in which 80% is through the "zero inventory" of the more complete form of the distribution database. Wal-Mart as a result of the use of the "Cross distribution" and "auto-replenishment" of supply chain technology, so that goods turnover in the Treasury down to 2 days. And retail enterprises in China are in the 15-30 days, which reflects the retail , distribution enterprises, underdeveloped logistics system, distribution costs are too high. Rapid expansion of retail enterprises in China's size and speed in the short term if they can not form a qualitative edge is a dangerous speculation.Over the years the practice has proved that the multi-purpose logistics distribution center, intensive, low-cost supply hub, as well as the use of information technology to reorganize and upgrade the entire flow of the supply chain management is the core of large-scale retail enterprises strategy is to support the retail giant super-conventional development. The face of large-scale retail and distribution businesses of the main distribution center logistics requirements planning, focusing on how to reflect the integration of information flow in business flow, logistics, capital flow, so that the operation of retail enterprises to expand the logistics for the entire enterprise supply chain collaboration nodes and so that the whole positive and negative to minimize logistics cost of goods (including consumers, stores, logistics, distribution centers, headquarters, suppliers and partners), and a timely response to sales demand and timely replenishment. This is also a large-scale cross-regional, multi-format, chain retail enterprises have the capacity of the core competitive advantage.3.4 Lack of modern logistics management knowledge and expertise of logistics personnel.This is the third-party logistics industry in restricting the development of China's most important one of the bottlenecks. Logistics knowledge, especially in modern integrated third party logistics knowledge is far from being universal, but that its main business areas is to provide transportation and warehousing services, not know that it isnew to these traditional business integration of its business fields Far too simple to become connected with transport and storage of raw materials, semi-finished products supply, production process, material flow, the whole process of product distribution services, as cover flow, solid logistics, capital flow, information flow is equal to the integrated system of systems.4 to enhance core competitiveness, the implementation of integrated management"integrated management" is the original English Integrated SupplyProcess, refers to the production enterprises, office, life of a non-core business areas of the operation and management of integration as a Overall, as a business-oriented to manage outsourcing projects, by the special "integrated management" of the suppliers to provide full-service projects. "Integrated management" is not simply puts together the management of the business, but to improve management efficiency and reduce management costs as the core, combined with advanced information technology and network management features such as one organically integrated. Compared with the general outsourcing services, integrated management has the following characteristics:(1) It is not a business, but a complete outsourcing business from the operation of themanagement integration of outsourcing;(2) Outsourcing is not a core operation, but a comprehensive business management. Responsible for the entire business as a first-class suppliers, and its main task is to use its unique resources to conduct a comprehensive knowledge management, the operation of the specific is it managed by the secondary and tertiary suppliers to implement, so in the management of outsourcing functions based on the specific operation of the outsourcing; (3) In the case of the most important first-level suppliers, other than remuneration in the fixed service, its the only way to increase revenue for users to save costs as much as possible in order to share the proceeds of cost savings, rather than as general outsourcing as suppliers, mainly through an increase in turnover, that is, to increase spending to increase the user's own earnings. "Double bottom" principle of cooperation between the two sides can make astable and lasting.5 The third party logistics enterprise strategic choiceSummarized the latest of several foreign logistics theory and the development of third-party logistics with the current practice of foreign, third-party logistics firm's strategic choice to have the following three:（1）Lean Logistics StrategySince the lag theory and practice of logistics, our most extensive third-party logistics company or business, it can not accurately position their logistics services. If you do not reverse this situation as soon as possible, will be third-party logistics industry in China have restricted role. Lean production theory of logistics for our third-party logistics company provides a new development ideas for these enterprises to survive in the new economy and development opportunities. Lean Logistics concept originated in lean manufacturing. It is produced from the Toyota Motor Corporation 70 years in the last century by the original "Toyota Production System", after research by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor and summary, was published in 1990 published "change the world of machines), a book. Lean thinking is the use of various modern management methods and means, based on the needs of society to fully play the role of people as a fundamental and effective allocation and rational use of corporate resources to maximize economic benefits for enterprises to seek a new Management philosophy. Lean Logistics Lean Thinking is the application in logistics management, logistics development must reflect. The so-called Lean Logistics means: the process by eliminating the production and supply of non-value added waste in order to reduce stocking time, improve customer satisfaction. The aim of Lean Logistics according to customer needs, providing customers with logistics services, while pursuing the provision of logistics services in the process to minimize waste and delay, the process of increasing value added logistics services. Lean logistics system is characterized by its high-quality, low cost, continuous improvement, driven by customer demand oriented logistics system. It requires establishing the customer first thought, on time, accurate andfast delivery of goods and information.In short, Lean Logistics, as a new management ideas, bound to have a third-party logistics enterprises in China have far-reaching impact, it will change the appearance of the extensive third party logistics management concept, the formation of third party logistics Core competitiveness.the establishment of small and medium third party logistics value chain allianceThird-party logistics enterprises of small and medium can not be independent because of their one-stop logistics services to provide full shortcomings, and because the small size of assets, services, not wide area so that small and medium enterprises in China's logistics third party logistics industry at a disadvantage. Therefore, third party logistics for small and medium enterprises, starting from their own resources to construct their own core competence is the key. As small and medium enterprise features of a single third-party logistics and incomplete, so based on their respective core competencies based on the structure of the logistics business enterprise cooperation is an effective capacity to make up for deficiencies, constitutes a feasible way of competitive advantage of logistics. Value chain is the use of systems approach to investigate the interaction between business and the analysis of all activities and their access to the resources of competitive advantage. Value of the business activities fall into two categories: basic activities and support activities. Basic activities are involved in product creation and sale of the material transferred to the buyer and after-sales service activities. Basic activities of supporting activities is to assist the revenue by providing outsourcing, technology, human resources and a variety of functions to support each other. Theory to analyze the value chain study the value of third party logistics chain composition, can be found in auxiliary activities, third party logistics enterprise and general business is no different, the basic activities in the third-party logistics companies has its own characteristics. Third-party logistics enterprises there is generally no commodity production process, only the re-circulation process, does not account for major components of a wide range of third-party logistics companies and thus become the basic operating activities of storage, transport, packaging, distribution, customer service and marketing, etc.link. Various aspects of the basic work activities, due to their own limited resources and capacity, can not have every aspect of an advantage in that value chain in terms of some of the deficiencies, resulting in their overall logistics function not complete, lack of corresponding competitiveness and comparative advantage in some sectors of the value chain due to lack of overall effect should not play. Therefore, third party logistics industry, small and medium sized logistics enterprises within the Union, should be based on the value chain between complementary on the basis of cooperation, make full use of professional logistics companies and logistics functions of specialized logistics organization and coordination of agents Flexible complementary integrated logistics capabilities. Third-party logistics for small and medium enterprises, value chain should start with the advantage of links to explore and develop the core competitiveness of enterprises, through the reconstruction of the value chain to avoid weaknesses.（2）Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization of strategyRapid development in IT and the Internet era, companies can not fight alone singles, but must be in the competition and collaboration, in cooperation and development. Thus, under modern conditions resulting from modern large-scale virtualized development of third-party logistics has a strong necessity. Large third-party logistics enterprise virtualization is the logistics management resources of others who will have "all", through the network, the other part into its own logistics, with the help of others break the power of physical boundaries, extending to achieve their various Function, and thus expand their ability to enhance their strength. Therefore, the logistics information technology, virtualization is a means for the connection and coordination of temporary and dynamic alliance in the form of virtual logistics. Integrated logistics virtualization technology as a means of electronic communication, customer-focused, based on the opportunity to participate in members of the core competencies as a condition to an agreement for the common pursuit of goals and tasks, the different parts of the country's existing Resources to quickly mix into a no walls, beyond the space constraints, by means of electronic networks, contact the unified command of the virtual business entity, the fastest launch of high-quality, low-cost logistics service.Modern large-scale virtualization, including third-party logistics functions, organization, geographic three virtualization. Virtualization capabilities with third-party logistics enterprise IT technology will be distributed in different locations, different companies take different functions within the logistics resources (information, human, material and other resources) organized to accomplish a specific task, to achieve the optimization of social resources. Virtualization refers to the organizational structure of the logistics organization is always dynamically adjusted, not fixed, but also decentralized, flexible, self-management, flat network structure, its objectives and in accordance with changes in the environment re-combination, in a timely manner Reflect the market dynamics. Virtual is the regional third party logistics network through the Internet link the global logistics resources, removing barriers and national barriers, to production management to achieve "virtual neighbors. "物流配送1 导言物流通常被认为是将恰当的产品以最低的成本，在恰当的时间送达恰当的地点。
(完整word版)物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their coreenergy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流相关的英文文献
物流相关的英文文献英文回答：Logistics: A Comprehensive Overview.Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient and effective flow of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It involves the coordination of a wide range of activities, including transportation, warehousing, inventory management, order fulfillment, and customer service.Key Concepts in Logistics.Transportation: Moving goods from one location to another using various modes of transport, such as trucks, trains, ships, and airplanes.Warehousing: Storing goods in a secure and efficientmanner until they are needed.Inventory Management: Managing the levels of stock to ensure availability while minimizing costs.Order Fulfillment: Processing customer orders, selecting and packaging goods, and delivering them to the desired destination.Customer Service: Providing support and assistance to customers throughout the logistics process.Types of Logistics.Inbound Logistics: The process of acquiring raw materials and components from suppliers.Outbound Logistics: The process of distributing finished goods to customers.Reverse Logistics: The process of managing the return of goods, such as defective products or excess inventory.Third-Party Logistics (3PL): The use of external providers to handle all or part of the logistics operations.Importance of Logistics.Logistics plays a crucial role in businesses by:Reducing costs through efficient operations and optimization.Improving customer satisfaction through timely and accurate deliveries.Enhancing supply chain visibility and responsiveness.Increasing flexibility and adaptability to market changes.Challenges in Logistics.The logistics industry constantly faces variouschallenges, including:Globalization: Increasingly complex and global supply chains.Technology: Keeping up with advancements in transportation, warehousing, and information systems.Demand Fluctuations: Managing supply and demand variations while maintaining service levels.Environmental Concerns: Minimizing the environmental impact of logistics operations.Trends in Logistics.The logistics industry is continuously evolving, with key trends emerging such as:Automation and Robotics: Increased use of technology to automate tasks and improve efficiency.Sustainability: Focus on reducing the environmental footprint of logistics operations.Data Analytics: Leveraging data to optimize processes and make informed decisions.E-commerce: Growing impact of e-commerce on logistics demand and delivery expectations.中文回答：物流，全面概述。
物流专业英语作文范文
物流专业英语作文范文英文回答：Logistics: The Backbone of Modern Supply Chains.Logistics, the intricate and multifaceted discipline, plays a paramount role in ensuring the seamless flow of goods and services from their point of origin to theirfinal destination. It involves a complex web of interconnected processes that orchestrate the efficient and cost-effective movement and storage of materials, products, and information. In an increasingly globalized marketplace, logistics has become the cornerstone of supply chain management, enabling businesses to optimize their operations, reduce costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.The scope of logistics encompasses a wide array of activities, including transportation, warehousing,inventory management, and supply chain design. Transportation, the backbone of any logistics system,involves the movement of goods via multiple modes, such as road, rail, sea, and air. Warehousing provides temporary storage facilities for goods awaiting further distribution or sale. Inventory management ensures the optimal level of stock to meet demand while minimizing inventory costs. Supply chain design involves the strategic planning and coordination of all logistics activities to ensure seamless integration and efficiency.The rapid advancements in technology have had a profound impact on the logistics industry. The advent of advanced tracking systems, such as GPS and RFID, has enabled real-time visibility of shipments, enhancing transparency and accountability. E-commerce platforms have revolutionized the way businesses reach customers, creating a surge in demand for parcel delivery services. The adoption of automation and robotics in warehousing has improved efficiency, reduced costs, and increased safety.To navigate the complexities of modern logistics, businesses require a highly skilled workforce with a comprehensive understanding of the industry. Logisticsprofessionals are responsible for planning, executing, and managing supply chain operations, leveraging their knowledge of transportation, warehousing, and inventory management. They collaborate with suppliers, customers, and transportation providers to ensure smooth and timely delivery of goods.In today's competitive business environment, logistics is not merely a cost center but a strategic competitive advantage. By optimizing their logistics operations, businesses can reduce lead times, minimize inventory costs, enhance customer service, and gain a competitive edge. Effective logistics management enables businesses to respond quickly to market demands, adapt to supply chain disruptions, and ultimately deliver superior value to their customers.中文回答：物流，现代供应链的支柱。
有关物流的英文作文
有关物流的英文作文英文：Logistics is an essential part of any business operation, and it involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. As someone who has worked in logistics for several years, I can attest to the fact that it is a complex and challenging field that requires a lot of attention to detail and a strong ability to problem-solve.One of the biggest challenges in logistics is ensuring that goods are delivered on time and in good condition. This requires careful planning and coordination between various parties, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. For example, if a shipment of goods is delayed due to unforeseen circumstances such as bad weather or transportation issues, it can cause a ripple effect throughout the entire supply chain, leading todelays and increased costs.Another challenge in logistics is managing inventory levels. It is important to strike a balance between having enough inventory to meet demand and not having too much inventory that can lead to excess costs and waste. This requires careful analysis of sales data and forecasting future demand, as well as working closely with suppliers to ensure that they can deliver the necessary goods in atimely manner.Despite the challenges, logistics can be a rewardingfield to work in. It requires a lot of problem-solvingskills and the ability to think on your feet, which can be both challenging and exciting. Additionally, there is a lot of room for growth and advancement, as logistics is acritical part of any business operation.中文：物流是任何企业运营的重要组成部分，它涉及从起点到终点的货物运输的规划、实施和控制。
有关物流的英语作文
有关物流的英语作文英文回答：Logistics, the intricate process of managing the flow of goods and services from point of origin to point of consumption, plays a pivotal role in the global economy. This multifaceted industry encompasses a vast array of activities, including transportation, warehousing, inventory management, and order fulfillment. As globalization continues to reshape the world, the importance of logistics has only escalated, with businesses and consumers alike relying on efficient and reliable supply chains to meet their needs.At the heart of logistics operations lies transportation, the means by which goods are physically moved from one location to another. This critical function can be carried out via various modes, including road, rail, air, and sea. The choice of transportation mode depends on factors such as the cost, speed, reliability, andenvironmental impact associated with each option.Warehousing serves as a crucial link in the logistics chain, providing temporary storage facilities for goods as they make their journey to the end customer. These facilities, which can range from small, distribution centers to large-scale warehouses, play a vital role in inventory management, ensuring that businesses have the right products in the right place at the right time.Inventory management, a cornerstone of logistics operations, involves the tracking and control of goods as they move through the supply chain. This complex process aims to optimize inventory levels, minimizing costs while ensuring that businesses have sufficient stock to meet customer demand.Order fulfillment, the final stage in the logistics process, involves the preparation and delivery of goods to the end customer. This critical step encompasses activities such as order picking, packing, and shipping. Efficient order fulfillment is essential for businesses to maintaincustomer satisfaction and build brand loyalty.中文回答：物流。
物流外文文献翻译精选文档
物流外文文献翻译精选文档TTMS system office room 【TTMS16H-TTMS2A-TTMS8Q8-外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of information. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in:1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of percent, the average flow of goods from days to days, stock % lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits ofmutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems inWhile third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the competition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over toothers, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies.4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence.Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regionalbranches of the density problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of enterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”，军事后勤保障的原意，在二战结束后的第二面。
物流管理专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献
物流管理专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献附录英文资料原文:From the perspective of modern logistics systems, storage is an important part of logistics is the logistics system, distribution center, hoping for effective logistics warehouse here, scientific management and control, so that the logistics system more smoothly, more reasonable to run. In this paper, the importance of starting from the warehouse, combining theory and practice, through an enterprise storage andlogistics activities in the "space" and "cargo space" to analyze how the activities in the warehouse through the "space" and "cargo space "management to improve storage efficiency, reduce storage costs.Case Background: Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. of a storage management. A Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. located in Guangdong Huizhou Jinyuan Industrial Zone, which was established in 1998, is a professional lighting devices and electrical equipment manufacturers, it is the industry's leading enterprises. With excellent product quality, excellent service, the access to the customer's extensive approval and praise. In order to adapt to the new form of strategic development needs, the Company's existing network of integrated customer relationship, across the country set up the 35 operations centers, improve the company's supply chain, logistics, warehousing and distribution systems and customer service system. The company is headquartered Total finishedgoods warehouse 3, namely a set of finished products warehouse, finished products and finished second group of three storage warehouses. They are based on different types of products in different product sub-warehouses: one product a warehouse on the first floor is to facilitate the shipment into, so it is relatively types of goods stored there are more point, such as lamp, lamp panel and so on. And all of the export goods are stored in a group. Finished second group is mainly warehouse track lights, metal halide lamp, T4 lamp, T5 lamp and light. The company's several light sources are stored in the warehouse two groups finished. Three major stored product warehouse specific grid lamps, ceiling lamps, track lights, and some other companies products.1 An analysis of warehouse storage spaceWarehouse storage system's main elements include storage space, goods, personnel and equipment and other factors. Storage is the storage of the core functions and key links, storage area plan is reasonable or not directly affect the operational efficiency of warehouse and storage capacity. Therefore, the effective use of storage space as warehouse management is one important factor of good or bad. The company'sproducts sell well. Frequency of a large warehouse storage, goods flow also great. The company's warehouse space layout is stored on theshelves of goods, three-dimensional space utilization is not high, sohe's warehouse is not very high degree of mechanization, storage, only forklifts, including hand trucks and electric forklift. Warehouse operation methods, generally with a forklift, rarely manpower for thereceipt of goods, which are materials used to send and receive cards, every time shipping and receiving cards will be done in the send and receive registration materials, so we usually check very convenient goods such as some of the follow-up results from the present work seems to still relatively high efficiency, operation is quite easy. So the whole way of operating the company's warehouse is quite reasonable. The warehouse usually because the storage space is often not enough and the goods stored in the work space position. Particularly in the sales season, the warehouse storage products especially crowded, working up inside people feel a little depressedfeeling. So not very reasonable storage operating environment. The warehouse, data storage costs a statistical look fairly reasonable, because it costs very little equipment, fixed storage cost is not very high, while the storage cost is the cost of the class structure, so storage costs are therefore not very high.Storage warehouse for storage of goods that is as functional space.Storage space = potential use of physical space + space + space + operations useless space. Physical space, which means the goods were in fact occupied the space. The company's warehouse, its physical space accounted for 75% of the warehouse; the potential use of space accounted for 10%; work space and accounts for about 10% as the company's warehouse mechanization is not high, so a small point of space does not work What effect, its security is also essential to meet the requirements intermittent; his useless space accounted for about 5%. Onthe whole, the warehouse space utilization is high, there is a little crowded phenomenon. Analysis: the relative reduction should be the use of some physical space to increase the number of intermittent operations such as space, safety of space use. In addition, space and vertical space from the plane of view, the level of space has been put to good use, but the use of vertical space is not high, it can be considered top shelf, or high-level automatic three-dimensional shelf, to make better use of vertical space.2 rack management analysisRack management refers to the goods into warehouse, on the goods handling, how to put, place, etc. where a reasonable and effective planning and management. The disposal of goods, how to place, mainly by the strategic decision taken by the storage of goods of a specific storage location, will have to combine the principles of location assignment related to the decision. The company's warehouse storage rack management approach is used in positioning guidelines to follow. Positioning refers to each type of storage or storage of goods are fixed for each cargo space, cargo space of goods can not be interoperable. Therefore, when planning cargo space, cargo space for each volume of goods shall not be less than the possible maximum amount in the bank. However, in actual operation, the positioning of different storage conditions generally done in accordance with appropriate adjustments, it will make changes based on the actual situation. Cargo space in the warehouse management in the work by the staff of the company, combiningtheory with practice, carried out positioning, fixed-point, quantitative management principles, therefore, Ta cargo-bit capability is not Quanbu Anzhaozuida conducted in the library volume positioning, as the company's products belong to relatively large seasonal variations in the product, if the maximum amount set in the library space utilization will fall to the warehouse, so wastage of resources.- As all the libraries in the digital warehouse are stored with the principles of positioning, in accordance with the current situation of the company's warehouse, all use the principle of positioning is not very reasonable storage should be in accordance with the different characteristics of products and storage requirements, the product classification For important product, a small number of products used variety store positioning. And because almost all of the company's products feature the same features they are not mutually exclusive, this product features from the point of view is they could be put together randomly.In addition, the company's warehouse management, distribution of cargo spaces You are also a number of principles: (1) FIFO principle, Ji is the ancestor of goods, first-out library library principles, the principles generally applicable to a short life cycle of goods. (2) the principle of facing channel, referring to the goods of the mark, name the face of passageways so that theoperator can easily simple identification, it allows the retentionof goods, access to easy and efficient manner, which is to the warehouseto be fluent in the basic principles of operation. (3) weight characteristics of the principle, meaning that according to the weight of different goods to determine the level of goods in the storage location of places. In general, the weight should be kept on the ground or the lower shelf position, light goods were kept in the upper shelf location. In the case of manual handling operations carried out when the people of waist height for the custody of heavy or large items, while above the waist height of the light used to keep the goods or small items. This principle, the use of the safety and shelf manual handling operations have great significance. According to this principle, the company's warehouse stocking on the use of the fruit picking type. In this way, the storage requirements of the company's present situation is very reasonable, but also for staff is also very convenient.In the specific cargo space management process, we can see that the above description: they still use more modern management methods and principles. These methods and principles. For most of the moretraditional business management for storage or a more scientific and reasonable. Of course, in the management of the process there will be issues, such as operation in practice, some operators do not pay attention, not careful, careless also makes some of the principles of our implementation is not good enough. In the company's product sales, and warehouse management appears cargo space confusion, some products will be stored in the operating channel and the secure channel, so that is not conducive to our operations, warehouse operations particularlyaffect the safety of personnel, there are security risks. Because these problems often are especially prominent when the season, so these problems, the author suggested that some of the goods stored in the open yard, but the time to do well in the storage protection. 3 proposed ABC Classified Management ApplicationsTo conduct an effective inventory management and control, we mustfirst sort of inventory, only then can we better manage the goods and control. Therefore, I analyzed that in the original storage facilities under the same conditions, using ABC classification of goods for the implementation and management. This can effectively use the original storage space and cargo space. Through the analysis of goods to identify the primary and secondary, classification queue. According to Barrett curve reveals the "critical few and minor majority" rule should be applied in the management. Therefore, in accordance with product value, sales, shortage cost, or order in advance of other indicators toclassify the product. A class of products which are the highest value of inventory, general inventory of its total inventory of 15%, while the value of it is accounted for 70% ~ 80%; B products are middle of the stock value of these species 30% of the total inventory value of the total value of 15% to 25%; while the C class product is the value of the bottom of the inventory, its value is only 5% of the total value, but it accounts for the total inventory stocks 55%. Storage can be classified by goods and different products for each type of different management strategies developed to implement different control measures. In themanagement process, the products for A to require warehousing products are all everyday to inspect and inventory, the operation should be careful, can significantly embodiment up such products other products Butong between, were the focus of management; on B products, managed by sub-key can be 2 to 3 days to inspect and inventory. At the same time,do not neglect the management of products on the C, C products every week to conduct an inspection and inventory.We know from the analysis, storage operations, "space", "cargo space" and its scientific and rational management is an important partof warehouse management, warehousing costs alsoaffect the cost of important factors. Through practical examples of some of the storagemanagement problem analysis and research, through analysis and study of these issues, so wehave deeper storage management to understand, storage has its own management principles, weshould abide by and seriously the implementation of these principles. When in use thecombination of theory and practice, so that our warehouse and our theory more in tune with theactual operation. Only the combination of theory and practice to our knowledge to the limits.中文译文从现代物流系统观点来看,仓储是物流的一个重要环节,是物流系统的调运中心,希望在仓储这里对物流进行有效、科学地管理与控制,使物流系统更顺畅、更合理地运行。
物流外文文献翻译
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Logistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic field. Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related inFormation to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of . "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of inFormation. The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage distance.Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in part. Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services company.According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users areactively considering the use of third-party logistics services. As athird-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great attention.First, the advantages of using a third-party logisticsThe use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core businessManufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core1energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.2, cost-savingProfessional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost structure. Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional losses. University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and theUnited States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 1.18 percent, the average flow of goods from 7.1 days to 3.9 days, stock 8.2% lower.3, reduction of inventoryThird-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost advantages.4, enhance the corporate imageThird-party logistics service providers and customers is astrategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the competition.Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics management The purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the establishedlevel of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic advantage. According to this goal,logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price atthe right time and suitable sites available to customers.Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the problem. Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and inFormation constitute part of all. All have their own part of the original functions, interests and concepts. System approach is the useof modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspectsof inFormation sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer service. Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple sum. System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and evaluation. From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit oftheir own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency ofmutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between vulnerability. For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs increased. Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer se rvice purposes.Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to:1, resistance to changeMany companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current mode. In particular, some state-owned enterprises, we reflow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great risk.2, lack of awarenessFor third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in thecompetition.3, fear of losing controlAs a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics companies. 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexitySupply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with complexity. On a number of practicalbusiness, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation problems. In addition, the company's internal inFormation system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to operate.5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factorsAccurately measure the cost of inFormation technology, logisticsand human resources more difficult. It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good things. In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational capability.Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but inpractical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by dependence. Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business strategy.China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows:1, operating modelAt present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business management. The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and coordination. Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional Form of every match with a center. China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of Foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domesticlogistics enterprises.2, the lack of storage or transport capacityThe primary function of logistics is to create time and spaceutility theft. For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to customers. 3, network problemsThere are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not perfect. Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of thedensity problem. The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics enterprises.4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computerinformation network. With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises mustincrease investment in information systems can change their market position.Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trendsin the development ofenterprises. The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of anefficient global third party logistics inputs required For increasingthe capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service capabilities.译文物流已广泛应用于经济领域中的英文单词“物流”,军事后勤保障的原意,在二战结束后的第二面。
物流管理英文文献
Agents in Logistics Planning – Experiences with the CoalitionAgents Experiment ProjectDon Perugini 1, 2, Steven Wark 1, Andrew Zschorn 1,Dale Lambert 1, Leon Sterling 2 ,Adrian Pearce 21 Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), PO Box 1500 Edinburgh, South Australia 5108,Australia{stname}@.au2 Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010{leon / pearce}@cs.mu.oz.auAbstractMilitary logistics planning is a complex process, involving many calculations, satisfaction of constraints, and cooperation amongst many organisational entities that provide services in order to achieve military logistics goals. Multi-Agent Logistics Tool (MALT) is a project aimed at supporting military logistics planning. MALT is being developed using agent technology, where agents represent the organisations within the logistics domain, and model their logistics functions, processes, expertise, and interactions with other organisations. Agents are a suitable technology for modelling organisations within MALT, due to the similarity in characteristics between organisations and agents. A component of MALT was implemented within DARPA’s Coalition Agent Experiment (CoAX) project. We discuss the CoAX implementation of MALT, and lessons learnt. We discovered that implementing a centralised agent planning approach within MALT, and hence the decentralised military (operational) logistics planning domain, may not always be appropriate, and that a decentralised agent planning approach may be more suitable. Some of our observations regarding the future of agents for military logistics planning are discussed.Keywords: Military Logistics Planning, Decentralised Agent Planning, BDI, CoAX1. Military Logistics PlanningMilitary (operational) logistics planning primarily involves supplying and transporting resources and military assets. Logistics planners must form a plan to achieve specific logistics goals, such as deploying force elements1 and sustaining them throughout an operation (by providing food, water, fuel, ammunition, medical support, storage, etc.), and planning a medical evacuation (medevac) when casualties occur. These logistics goals are achieved by obtaining services from various organisational entities, for example, obtaining fuel from a fuel supplier, and having a freight company provide the transportation of the fuel from the fuel supplier to its required destination.The military logistics planning domain is decentralised because it typically requires the involvement of separate independent organisations – as a combination of Australian Defence Force (ADF), civilian and coalition organisations could be involved. The organisations, which primarily include supply, transport and force element organisations, are geographically distributed, and must cooperate in order to achieve the logistics goals. Each organisation have their own logistics “business” processes in order to perform their particular logistics functions (services), required to achieve logistics goals. The logistics domain is decentralised, not because it is geographically distributed, but because it’s organisations exhibit a strong notion of autonomy with characteristics such as: being self interested; making their own decisions (i.e. not controlled by others); and being reluctant to release information (e.g. because it may be proprietary or classified). The logistics domain is also dynamic, where logistics goals, organisations’ capabilities (the type and availability of services they can provide) and beliefs are continually changing throughout the planning process; as well as open, where organisations may enter or leave the system at any time.1 A Force Element (FE) is a military unit and its associated resources/assets and equipment, including personnel, vehicles, aircraft, and weapons.To add to the complexity, logistics planning requires many interactions between organisations, many calculations and satisfaction of many constraints (e.g. ensure that casualties are delivered to the appropriate medical facilities in time). As a result of logistics planning complexities, there is typically a trade off between the time to form the logistics plans and the quality of the logistics plans formed. Multi-Agent Logistics Tool (MALT, formerly LPS) [1] is a project aimed towards developing a military logistics planning support system, which will automate aspects of logistics plan formation, analysis and information gathering.MALT comprises agents that represent the organisations, modelling their logistics business processes, expertise, and interactions with other agents in the logistics domain, in order to achieve the organisations’ logistics functions. Agents in MALT cooperate with each other in order to form a distributed logistics plan (services from various organisations) to meet their logistics goals. The input for MALT is a logistics goal, and the output is a logistics plan, which can be executed in order to achieve the logistics goal.In this paper, we will discuss the reasons for using agents in the logistics domain, our experiences with implementing components of MALT within DARPA’s Coalition Agent eXperiment (CoAX) [2] project, lessons learnt in MALT’s implementation, and our observations regarding the future of agent technology for logistics.2. Why use agents?Agents have strong autonomous characteristics that distinguish them from other software paradigms: “Objects do it for free; agents do it because they want to.” [3].In addition to autonomy, agents are proactive (goal directed and thus intentional), reactive, and exhibit complex social behaviour (rather than software entities that can execute each other’s functions/methods freely) [3].The logistics domain is distributed and involves decentralized (autonomous) organisations. These organisations are also: intentional entities, with goals (functions and roles), beliefs, and use processes and expertise in order to achieve their goals; are reactive, and thus respond to changes that occur in their environment; and are social, so they interact with other organisations to achieve their goals, where the social interaction is typically complex, such as negotiation, rather than just action requests. The similarity in characteristics between agents and organisations make agents an appropriate choice for modelling organisations within MALT.3. MALT within CoAXDARPA’s Coalition Agent eXperiment (CoAX) [2] project was aimed at demonstrating the utility of agents for coalition planning [2, 4]. Some 20 organisations from the USA, UK and Australia were involved. MALT was implemented within CoAX (Oct 2002) [4], with the aims of demonstrating components of MALT, and thus the use of agents for military logistics planning in the Australian-Coalition contexts, interoperability with foreign agents (i.e. agents not developed by us), and the dynamic capability of MALT.Our part of the CoAX project involved a vignette where an Australian ship was struck by a torpedo, resulting in damage to the ship and casualties. A medevac is required to transport the casualties from the ship to a coalition medical facility using available helicopters. Agents represented the ship’s medevac function (medevac agent) and onboard resources, and a single proxy agent represented the coalition helicopter and medical facility resources, providing information regarding the availability of medical facilities to treat casualties, and availability of helicopters to transport the casualties. The medevac agent modelled the logistics process of planning a medical evacuation from the ship. The agents cooperated in order to form a medevac logistics plan.The medevac agent was developed using the ATTITUDE multi-agent architecture [5, 6], which is based on the belief-desire-intention (BDI) agent model [7]. The logistics process for a medevac was represented as a plan (routine), and executed when casualties were detected on the Australian ship, triggering the “medevac” task. Cooperation between the medevac agent and the other agents were facilitated by DARPA’s CoABS grid [8] and IHMC’s KAoS agent management system [9].The medevac agent, when triggered, requests the availability of medical facilities to treat its casualties, and helicopter resources to plan the transportation of casualties from the Australian ship to the nearest suitable medical facility. The proxy agent responds with available medical facilities and helicopters, providing distances to facilities, start location, earliest start time, and types of helicopters available. The medevac agent uses prior knowledge of the carrying capacity and speed of the types of helicopters.A simple algorithm is used by the medevac agent to form a transportation plan. The helicopter that can transport the injured to the medical facility at the earliest time is selected to perform the transportation task. Highest priority casualties are transported first. If the selected helicopter cannot transport all the injured, the process is continued with the remaining injured.The plan formed is sent to the foreign Multi-Level Coordination Agent for processing, to deconflict and optimise (merge) the medevac plan with existing flight plans developed by foreign (coalition) agents. The plan is then distributed to the appropriate coalition helicopters and medical facility for execution. The medevac agent reacts to any changes, such as helicopter availability, the number and type of casualties, or the availability of the helicopter landing pads and replans if necessary.The CoAX demonstration was held in October 2002 at the US Navy Warfare College, Newport RI. It successfully presented components of MALT in operation, and thus demonstrated the use of agent technology for military logistics planning. UltraLog (or ALP) [10] has also demonstrated that agents can be used for the U.S. logistics planning domain. We are focusing on the Australian-Coalition contexts. The logistics process of a (ship) medevac was effectively modelled in the medevac agent using A TTITUDE. The medevac agent successfully cooperated with foreign agents, sending the final medevac plan to the foreign Multi-Level Coordination Agent for processing and distribution to coalition helicopters and medical facility. The medevac agent was able to dynamically replan when the situation changed.4. Lessons LearntThis architecture for logistics planning was used in the CoAX context to facilitate development and testing of the Australian agents independently from the rest of the coalition organisation. Although this transportation planning approach worked well for the CoAX demonstration, its essentially centralised nature imposed several limitations. By centralised, we mean that all information about the helicopters agent’s capabilities are sent and processed by the centralised medevac agent, which forms a transportation plan by deciding (alone) how the coalition helicopters’ capabilities will be used to achieve its transportation task. This may be appropriate if the medevac agent and helicopters are from the same organisation (e.g. ADF), which typically act towards a common goal and may have a limited right to issue orders among themselves. However, if other organisations are involved, e.g. coalition organisations, such as the coalition helicopters, this may not always be appropriate. Coalition helicopters, which are from one organisation, may not want to be told what to do by the ADF medevac agent that is from another organisation. The coalition helicopters may be self-interested and decisions made by the medevac agent may not be in the interests of the coalition helicopters. Also, information by one organisation (e.g. coalition helicopters) may not be able to be released for processing by a centralised agent that is from another organisation (e.g. ADF medevac agent), because the information may be proprietary or classified. For example, in the CoAX experiment, coalition helicopters were not immediately available as they had already been scheduled for other tasks – information not released to the medevac agent. As a result, the Multi-level Coordination Agent described above was needed to resolve any conflicts and maximise synergies between the medevac plan and the existing coalition flight plans. In a decentralised system this would be embedded within the negotiation process. Limitations of a centralised approach are not only confined to coalition operations. Most ADF logistics operations are likely to involve civilian (other) organisations. Therefore, in general, a centralised agent planning approach may not always be appropriate within MALT, and hence the decentralised military (operational) logistics planning domain.The centralised agent planning approach also has a technical limitation. The medevac agent used a simplified protocol that assumed that the helicopters are available anytime after its specified start time, and can carry its full capacity of casualties throughout the time it is available. If the medevac agent was to accommodate situations such as helicopters not being available at various times after their specified start time, or can arrive at the ship during some other trip (piggyback), and hence can only carry a portion of its full capacity, then the coalition agent will have to communicate much more information,possibly the complete flight plans of all helicopters in the theatre of operations, to the centralised medevac agent. The quantity of information that would need to be communicated to the medevac agent in such a case would be extensive. If a decentralised approach was implemented, agents could process the information themselves and send just the results.A new protocol is being developed, called the Provisional Agreement Protocol (PAP), which allows decentralised agent planning [11, 12]. An agent’s logistics goal is sent to service providing agents that may be used to achieve the goal. The service providing agents only release capabilities (services) that they are willing to perform in order to fully, or partially, achieve the logistics goal. The most suited capability is selected. If the selected capability did not achieve the complete logistics goal, the portion of the logistics goal that the capability did not achieve becomes the new logistics goal to be achieved. The process repeats until the logistics goal is completely achieved, resulting in a distributed plan that describes the capabilities to be performed by the various service providing agents in order to achieve the logistics goal. The protocol allows backtracking, hence if a selected capability was later found to be inappropriate to achieve the logistics goal, then the agent performing the planning process may de-commit from the selected capability, and select another capability to replace it. The protocol provides policies regarding the commitment and persistence of agents’ capabilities and goals, and speech acts to facilitate this interaction (planning process).5. Future of Agents for LogisticsBased on our experiences with using agents for logistics planning, we found two main issues2 that need to be overcome in order for agents to be effectively used for military logistics planning – technology and social (human) acceptability.5.1 Technology• Logistics business process modelling– How can the logistics processes be effectively modelled using agents? A framework is required that allows a developer to extract logistics processes from an organisation that are to be automated, and embed these processes into an agent(s). The framework will most likely be dependent on the agent architecture, e.g. BDI agent architecture. If the organisations logistics processes are dynamic, how can they be maintained in the agent system? There are also technical issues that need to be resolved regarding logistics processes, such as how to cope with late or inconsistent information, and how can learning be used?• Protocols – Need to devise protocols that can facilitate decentralised agent planning, that will consider the type of interactions and negotiations that take place between organisations within the logistics (business/e-commerce) domain. This work is currently under development.• Ontologies– What knowledge is required for the logistics domain, and how does one effectively represent it and reason about it? Ontologies will allow agent interactions by providing agents with common semantics, enabling agents to understand communicated information from other agents, such as logistics goals, services (capabilities), and descriptions of resources (physical objects). The type of reasoning that can be achieved, based on requirements, needs to be investigated, since there is a trade off between expressiveness and computational complexity. CoAX demonstrated the use of DAML, “which is a language that provides a rich set of constructs with which to create ontologies and to markup information so that it is machine readable and understandable” ().• Automated information gathering– MALT intends to incorporate agent “experts” who can provide advice and knowledge to other agents based on their domain of expertise. Expert system technology typically focuses on the single agent. Complex social issues need to be investigated, such as providing a mechanism for agents to find the appropriate expertise, particularly when the expertise may be the conjunction of knowledge provided by more than one expert agent. Agents may search for information themselves, where the information is stored in various information sources. This will be facilitated using semantic web technologies, such as DAML, where information is tagged with knowledge, based on some ontology, making the information “machine readable”, allowing agents to search for information on their own (in an automated way). Elements of automated information gathering were demonstrated in CoAX, including the briefing agent by DSTO [4], Mobile Agent for Medical Monitoring by Dartmouth College (), Verona by2This list is by no means complete.GITI and ISX (), Decision Desktop by QinetiQ (), and Ariadne by University of Southern California and ISI (/ariadne).• Security– Security has traditionally been a major concern with information technology systems. Issues such as integrity, authentication, and secure communication, need to be considered. In CoAX, policy control of agent registration, behaviour and communication was demonstrated using the KAoS system developed by IHMC [9].5.2 Social Acceptability• Trusting agents to do business for you– Will humans or organisations trust agents to do business for them without supervision, i.e. have agents sell and buy services and products?There may be a concern that software may not act rationally, and result in the organisation losing money, or possibly worse consequences. Can we ensure that agents will always do the correct thing, or can we demonstrate that agents will do the correct thing most of the time (everyone makes mistakes, even humans), in order to increase the human level of trust in agents? Can we implement mechanisms that can prevent seriously damaging actions by agents? Our initial implementation of MALT intends to form a logistics plan but not act on any of the elements in the plan. The plan is intended as a possible course of action, and if the user finds that it is suitable, the user may act on it. Whether we will get to a stage where the user will allow the agent to act will remain to be seen.• Accountability and the law – If an agent does something wrong, who will be accountable? Is it the organisation or the agent developer?• Humans and agents working together – Rather than having humans “using” the system, we may want humans as “part of” the agent system. How can this be done effectively, and what effect on the systems overall performance will it have? Suitable human friendly protocols and interfaces need to be in place in order for this to be realised.• Agents can do logistics planning more efficiently – It needs to be shown that agents can do aspects of logistics planning more efficiently.• Ease of use – We need to bridge the gap between the human and the machine, so that humans can use the system with ease. Such a task may not be trivial, particularly since it may be dependent on the individual user. Hence, an interface that can be adjusted to the users preferences may be required.• Adjustable autonomy [13] – The level of control that the user has over the agents (or system) should be adjustable. Some users may want the agent to make all the decisions (press a button and get all the answers), where others may want to take more control over the agent’s actions, specifying exactly how the agent should solve the particular problem.• Adjustable visibility– The level of visibility of what the agent does and how it came to a decision should be adjustable. Some users may not care how an agent came to a decision, where others may. Higher visibility is useful particularly if the user wants to gain trust in the agent’s decisions.• Social Acceptability versus Optimality– First, humans may not accept a plan even though it may be optimal. For example, it may be cheaper to schedule flights for a husband and wife on separate flights, but the husband and wife may not accept that plan. Second, agents may undergo complex negotiation processes and protocols, possibly allowing them to obtain better results. Humans may not be willing to do the same, because of complexity (hard to understand) or long iterative processes required (may not want to waste time performing some process over and over again), and thus may be willing to sacrifice optimality for simple and quick negotiation strategies.6. ConclusionMALT is a military logistics planning support tool, aimed at automating the complex process of plan formation, information gathering and analysis. It is being developed using agents, where agents represent the organisations within the logistics domain, and model their logistics functions, processes, expertise, and interactions with other organisations. Due to the similarity in characteristics between organisations and (intelligent) agents, agent technology is an appropriate choice for modelling organisations in the logistics domain. MALT was implemented within CoAX, and the aims of MALT were achieved. Lessons learnt from the CoAX implementation was that the centralised planning approach used may not be appropriate for MALT, and hence the decentralised military logistics planning domain, and that a decentralised agent planning approach may be more suited. A protocol, called Provisional Agreement Protocol (PAP) is being developed to facilitate decentralised agentplanning. Finally, a list of issues regarding the future of agents for logistics planning was discussed, comprising issues relating to technology and social agreement.7. References1. Perugini, D., et al. Agents for Military Logistic Planning. in Workshop "Agent Technology inLogistics" as part of the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-2002). 2002.Lyon, France.2. Allsopp, D.N. et al., Coalition Agents Experiment: Multiagent Cooperation In InternationalCoalitions.IEEE Intelligent Systems (see also /project/coax/), 2002(May/June 2002): p. 26-35.3. Wooldridge, M., An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems. 2002: John Wiley & Sons.4. Wark, S., et al. Dynamic Agent Systems in the CoAX Binni 2002 Experiment. in Proceedings of the6th International Conference on Information Fusion. 2003. Cairns, Australia.5. Lambert, D. Advisers with Attitude for Situation Awareness. in Proceedings of the 1999 Workshopon Defense Applications of Signal Processing. 1999. LaSalle, Illinois.6. Lambert, D. Automating Cognitive Routines. in Proceedings of the 6th International Conferenceon Information Fusion. 2003. Cairns, Australia.7. Bratman, M.E., D.J. Israel, and M.E. Pollack, Plans and Resource-Bounded Practical Reasoning.Computational Intelligence, 1988. 4(4): p. 349-355.8. Kettler, B.P. (ed.), The CoABS Grid: Technical Vision, /.9. Bradshaw, J.M., et. al., Making agents acceptable to people, ed. N.Z.J. Liu. 2003, Amsterdam,Holland: IOS Press.10. Ultra*Log Homepage, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,./tto/programs/ultraLog.html.11. Perugini, D., et al. Distributed Information Fusion Agents. in Proceedings of the 6th InternationalConference on Information Fusion. 2003. Cairns, Australia.12. Perugini, D., et al. A Distributed Agent Approach to Global Transportation Scheduling. inIEEE/WIC International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT 2003). 2003. Halifax, Canada.13. Scerri, P., D. Pynadath, and M. Tambe. Adjustable autonomy in real-world multi-agentenvironments. in International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents'01). 2001.。
物流外文文献
Syed Adeel Haneed Zaidi, 2Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan , 3Fikri Dweiri
Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia 2,3 Industrial Engineering & Management Department, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
1. INTRODUCTION
The industries implementing improved forecasting systems to make the production planning process more efficient. Due to the complex nature of this task the companies designate a special unit to perform the forecasting tasks by using statistical software systems. In fact, in today’s world the companies are in strict competition and are improving businesses by making supply chain management as much efficient as possible. The industrial sector has to take forecasting decisions by considering uncertainties which can affect the overall production, for example a reduced market demand for a particular product over a certain time period could easily disturb the forecasting [1]. To deal with this situation every company has a continuous reviewing process in order to scrutinize the current market economic environment. In common practice usually the marketing, sales and operations departments work out the initial forecasting figures according to the demand and production capacity and later on judgmental adjustments are implemented to achieve the optimum production and inventory levels. Many researchers have been implemented several models to deal with uncertainty during production planning process [1, 7]. Researchers also used different linear programming models to solve multi-period procurement lot-sizing problems and found it suitable in determining the feasible lot size to decrease the purchasing cost, transportation cost, shortage cost and inventory cost [2]. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) based on procurement lot sizing decisions according to the demand over a finite time period. If the demands are known over a time horizon then a static Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model can generate feasible and optimum solutions [2]. The companies apply EOQ models by determining the economic ordering lot size to reduce the ordering and holding cost. Also, the Economic Production
关于物流工作的英语作文
关于物流工作的英语作文Logistics is a critical component of modern business operations. It encompasses the planning, implementation, and control of the efficient and effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Logistics professionals play a vital role in ensuring that products and services are delivered to the right place at the right time, in the right condition, and at the optimal cost.One of the primary responsibilities of logistics professionals is transportation management. This involves coordinating the movement of goods from suppliers to customers, utilizing various modes of transportation such as trucks, trains, ships, and airplanes. Logistics professionals must consider factors such as delivery time, cost, and environmental impact when selecting the most appropriate mode of transportation. They also need to manage the logistics of warehousing and inventory, ensuring that products are stored efficiently and accessible when needed.Another key aspect of logistics is supply chain management.Logistics professionals work closely with procurement, production, and distribution teams to ensure that the entire supply chain operates smoothly. This includes managing relationships with suppliers, monitoring inventory levels, and coordinating the flow of materials and information throughout the supply chain. Effective supply chain management can lead to reduced costs, improved customer satisfaction, and increased competitive advantage.In addition to transportation and supply chain management, logistics professionals also play a role in customer service. They are responsible for ensuring that customers receive their orders on time and in good condition. This may involve tracking shipments, handling customer inquiries, and resolving any issues that may arise. Excellent customer service is essential for building and maintaining strong relationships with clients.One of the challenges faced by logistics professionals is the increasing complexity of global supply chains. As businesses expand their operations across borders, logistics professionals must navigate a variety of cultural, regulatory, and infrastructural differences. They must also be adept at using technology to optimize logistics operations, such as utilizing GPS tracking, warehouse management systems, and data analytics.Another challenge is the need to constantly adapt to changingmarket conditions and customer demands. Logistics professionals must be agile and responsive, able to quickly adjust their plans and strategies to accommodate new requirements or unexpected events. This may involve rerouting shipments, adjusting inventory levels, or implementing new technologies to improve efficiency.Despite these challenges, the logistics industry offers numerous opportunities for growth and career advancement. As businesses continue to seek ways to streamline their operations and reduce costs, the demand for skilled logistics professionals is expected to remain high. Logistics professionals can specialize in areas such as transportation, warehousing, supply chain management, or customer service, and can work in a variety of industries, from retail and manufacturing to healthcare and e-commerce.To succeed in the logistics field, individuals must possess a range of skills, including problem-solving, critical thinking, communication, and attention to detail. They must also be adept at using technology and data analysis tools to optimize logistics operations. Additionally, logistics professionals must be able to work collaboratively with cross-functional teams, as logistics often involves coordination with various departments within an organization.In conclusion, logistics is a dynamic and essential field that plays a crucial role in the success of modern businesses. Logisticsprofessionals are responsible for ensuring the efficient and effective flow of goods, services, and information throughout the supply chain. As the global economy continues to evolve, the demand for skilled logistics professionals will only increase, making it an attractive and rewarding career path for those with the right skills and mindset.。
关于物流的英语作文
关于物流的英语作文(中英文版)English:Logistics, as the backbone of modern commerce, plays a pivotal role in our daily lives.From the moment we click "purchase" on a website to the instant we receive our packages, a well-oiled logistics machine is at work.It is a complex web of transportation, inventory management, and information flow.For instance, the journey of a laptop, from the factory in China to a consumer"s hands in New York, involves a series of intricate coordination.Freight forwarders, shipping lines, truckers, and delivery personnel all contribute to this seamless process.Moreover, the rise of e-commerce has further escalated the importance of logistics, making it an indispensable link in the global supply chain.中文：物流作为现代商业的支柱，在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。
从我们在网站上点击“购买”的那一刻起，到收到包裹的瞬间，一套运转顺畅的物流机制就在背后默默工作。
物流专业英文作文
物流专业英文作文As a logistics professional, it is essential to have a good understanding of supply chain management. This involves coordinating the movement of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. It also involves managing the flow of information and finances along the supply chain.In addition to supply chain management, logistics professionals must also be well-versed in transportation management. This includes selecting the most cost-effective and efficient mode of transportation for goods, as well as managing the storage and distribution of goods.Another important aspect of logistics is inventory management. This involves overseeing the flow of goods into and out of an organization's inventory. It also involves maintaining optimal inventory levels to meet customer demand while minimizing carrying costs.Furthermore, logistics professionals must have a strong understanding of warehousing and material handling. This includes the physical storage of goods as well as the equipment and processes involved in moving goods within a warehouse.Effective logistics management also requires a keen understanding of international trade and customs regulations. This involves navigating the complexities of importing and exporting goods across different countries and ensuring compliance with various trade laws and regulations.Lastly, effective communication and collaborationskills are crucial for logistics professionals. This involves working closely with various stakeholdersincluding suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and customers to ensure the smooth flow of goods and information throughout the supply chain.。
物流运输英文作文模板
物流运输英文作文模板英文：Logistics transportation plays a crucial role in the global economy. As a logistics professional, I have seen firsthand how the transportation of goods can impact businesses and consumers. There are various modes of transportation, including air, sea, road, and rail, each with its advantages and disadvantages.Air transportation is the fastest mode of transportation, but it is also the most expensive. It is ideal for transporting high-value goods, perishable items, and urgent shipments. For example, a company may choose to use air transportation to transport pharmaceuticals that require temperature-controlled environments or to deliver a last-minute shipment to a customer.Sea transportation is the most cost-effective mode of transportation, but it is also the slowest. It is ideal fortransporting large quantities of goods that are not time-sensitive. For example, a company may choose to use sea transportation to import raw materials or export finished products.Road transportation is the most flexible mode of transportation, as it can reach almost any destination. Itis ideal for transporting goods within a country or region. For example, a company may choose to use roadtransportation to deliver products to a retail store or to transport goods between warehouses.Rail transportation is an efficient mode of transportation for long distances and heavy goods. It is ideal for transporting bulk commodities such as coal, grain, and oil. For example, a company may choose to use rail transportation to transport raw materials to amanufacturing plant.Overall, logistics transportation is essential for businesses to operate and for consumers to access goods.The choice of transportation mode depends on the type ofgoods, the destination, and the urgency of the shipment.中文：物流运输在全球经济中起着至关重要的作用。
研究物流业及中国物流技术外文参考文献原文及译文（可编辑）
研究物流业及中国物流技术外文参考文献原文及译文物流市场调研外文参考文献原文及译文综合报告题目 __ 研究物流业及中国物流技术_____二级学院专业班级学号学生姓名电话号码时间 2012-04-5原文:Studies on Logistics and Logistics Technology of ChinaLuo YixinDepartment of Industry and Commerce Management, Human College of Finance and Economics, Human Chansha 410205Received 15 July 2004AbstractFor further pushing ahead with the development of China’s logistics industry,the author,based on the status quo of China's logistics industry,alfirms the achievements made in the development course of the industry of China.By studying various respects of the industry including the understanding of logistics,standards of technical terms,logistics technologies and management,the author analyzes the major problems existence in China’s current logistics industry and puts forward the rationalization proposal.Key words:logistics;development;problem;measure1? PrefaceModem logistics industry is currently one of the most popular trades. Since China introduced the concept of logistics from abroad in early 1980s,logistics industry has been developed rapidly.At present,our country already has quite a lot of logistics parks and centers,develops a series of modem logistics technologies and obtains a large number of innovation accomplishments bearing self-determination intelectual property rights. Among those are typical ones such as the development of integration logistics management system with self-determination intelectual property rights LOG + +/SMCS in 2003.The real?time connection with famous ERP system SAPR/3has been realized,the system radically changes the unicity and low integrity level of China’s traditional logistics and thus symbolizes that domestic logistics software has been in line with international noFIns for modern logistics management system.Another example is the new structural?type quick stacker that has the operation speed of0?150 m/rain.1ifting speed of 0?40 m/min and forking speed of 0 ? 20/40 m/rain, bearing self-determination intellectual property rights developed in the same ser ranging technology is applied to the system in horizontal direction.resulting that the distance?measuring error is ± 1 mm within 500 meters and positioning accuracy is ±3 mm.For the vertical direction.due to the appli cation ofrotary encoder plus tooth?be technique, positioning accuracy reaches ± 3 mm. In this way. the system successfully integrates a variety of new?type detecting technologies involving laser location, rotary encoder and toth?belt eranging. integration has been utilized for positioning and then radically altered traditional positioning method .Besides, the adoption of redundancy and trouble shooting technique dramatically increases the system's efficiency and reliability.The adoption of over ten new techs consisting of new?type forking structure and loading platform with dimension detector and bar code sensor has promoted the technical advancement of key equipments used in logistics industry as well as greatly narrowed the gap between China and international advanced countries in terms okey equipments. In 2003。
有关物流方面的英文文献---精品模板
原文：Chinese Business Review,2010,9(10):51—56Application of Fuzzy-AHP method in the evaluation of logistics capability in e-commerce environmentYANG Lei1,2，ZHANG Yi —zhen1(1.Business School，Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China;2。
Economic Trade Department，Hebei College of Finance，Baoding 071051，China）Abstract:In order to solve the complex problem of evaluation of logistics capability in e—commerce environment,an index system model of logistics capability is established based on the method of Fuzzy-AHP in this paper。
The results show that the method of Fuzzy—AHP is a powerful and flexible multi—criteria decision-making tool for dealing with complex problems where both qualitative and quantitative aspects need to be considered, and the human preference model is uncertain and decision—makers are reluctant or unable to assign exact numerical values to the comparison judgments. The evaluation model of logistics capability based on method of Fuzzy-AHP can help to make an effective decision in the evaluation of logistics capability. By this way we can effectively deal with the uncertainty and vagueness in the evaluation process of logistics capability。
有关物流的英语作文
有关物流的英语作文{z}Document: On LogisticsLogistics is an essential aspect of modern business operations, playing a crucial role in the efficient movement and storage of goods.It encompasses the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow and storage of products, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption.There are several key components of logistics that contribute to its importance in business.One of the most significant components is transportation, which involves the movement of goods from one location to another.This can be done through various modes of transportation, such as trucks, ships, airplanes, and trains.Another important component of logistics is warehousing, which involves the storage of goods in a secure and organized manner.Warehouses serve as a central hub for the storage and distribution of goods, allowing businesses to manage their inventory more effectively.In addition to transportation and warehousing, logistics also encompasses other important aspects such as inventory management, packaging, and information systems.Inventory management involves keeping track of the goods and materials that a business has on hand, ensuring that they have enough to meet customer demand withoutexcessively stockpiling goods.Packaging is another crucial aspect of logistics, as it involves the safe and efficient packaging of goods to protect them during transportation and storage.Proper packaging can help businesses reduce damage and minimize costs associated with replacing damaged goods.Lastly, information systems play a vital role in logistics by providing businesses with the data and information they need to make informed rmation systems can help businesses track the movement of goods, manage inventory, and forecast demand, allowing them to operate more efficiently and effectively.Overall, logistics is an essential aspect of modern business operations, playing a crucial role in the efficient movement and storage of goods.By effectively managing transportation, warehousing, inventory, packaging, and information systems, businesses can reduce costs, improve customer satisfaction, and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.。
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有关物流方面的英文文献原文：Chinese Business Review，2010,9(10):51-56 Application of Fuzzy-AHP method in the evaluation of logistics capability in e-commerce environmentYANG Lei1，2 , ZHANG Yi -zhen1(1.Business School, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China;2.Economic Trade Department, Hebei College of Finance, Baoding 071051, China)Abstract：In order to solve the complex problem of evaluation of logistics capability in e-commerce environment,an index system model of logistics capability is established based on the method of Fuzzy-AHP in this paper. The results show that the method of Fuzzy-AHP is a powerful and flexible multi-criteria decision-making tool for dealing with complex problems where both qualitative and quantitative aspects need to be considered, and the human preference model is uncertain and decision-makers are reluctant or unable to assign exact numerical values to the comparison judgments. The evaluation model of logistics capability based on method of Fuzzy-AHP can help to make an effective decision in the evaluation of logistics capability. By this way we can effectively deal with the uncertainty and vagueness in the evaluation process of logistics capability. Logistics companies can diagnose their own weaknesses in the area of logistics and enhance their competitiveness.Keywords:Fuzzy-AHP;e-commerce;logistics capability1. IntroductionIn today’s highly competitive environment，many companies are entering the global arena to gain market share. The cost of lo gistics and transportation has a large impact on a company’s profitability. Global competition in the twenty-first century is forcing companies around the world to reexamine their logistics operations and systems with the objective of reducing costs and improving customer service. E-commerce has brought new opportunities, as well as challenges to logistics management. E-commerce will open an entirely new market for actors in the logistics field. Logistics and distribution systems that function efficiently and effective1y in all respects will be crucial for the success of the companies involved. Logistics can be defined as an operational process that includes inputting, storing, transporting and distributing physical goods. E-logistics is an internet-enabled logistics value chain designed to offer competitive logistics services including public warehousing, contract warehousing, transportation management, distribution management, freight consolidation. E-logistics consists of four important components:one-stop value-added services, management of electronic information, a transportation network and automation in warehousing operations. The objectives of e-logistics are reducing operating costs, meeting product delivery deadlines andimproving customer services. Nowadays, competitive advantage is often determined by the logistics capability of an organization’s supply chain. As a result, it has become an increasingly important management activity. But the evaluation process of the logistics capability is complex. Much of the data are difficult to obtain and ambiguous or vague to interpret. Many companies are using logistics software and the Internet to run their business more efficiently and meet the needs of customers(Aldin &Stahre,2003). However, there are also many problems in the modern logistics.There are many studies performed on logistics capability and Fuzzy-AHP method, such as:Michigan State University Global Logistics Research Team(referred to as MSUGL-RT)(1995)identified 17types of common logistics capability from 32 possible elements of logistics capability through a survey of 111 companies which come from 17 different countries of North America, Europe and the Pacific Basin. Morash, Droge and Vickery(1996)determined eight kinds of logistics capability for the company’s strategy:per-sale customer service, after-sales customer service, delivery reliability, responsiveness of the target market, which distribution coverage(availability), optional distribution area and low cost distribution. Gimnez and Ventura (2003) pointed out that information and communication technology are very important on the development of supply chain. That means supply chain management （SCM）requires internal and external integration. They analyzed the relationship between internal and external integration processes their effect on firms’performance and their contribution to the achievement of a competitive advantage. Performance improvement are analyzed through costs, stock out and lead time reductions. And, the achievement of a better competitive position is measured by comparing the firm’s performance with its competitors’performance. Qureshi, Kumar (2009) used the Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(Fuzzy-AHP) approach to support a generic logistics benchmarking process. Logistics critical success factors from the literature have been identified and prioritized. Using these critical success factors, performance levels of the LOGINET, a 3PL services provider based in western part of India was benchmarked along with four other services providers.However, these scholar’s study are mainly qualitative description, few of empirical research, especially the study combined with e-commerce environment are very little. In short,there is not a scientific and comprehensive assessment system and few scientific and effective methods can be used to evaluate the logistics capability of companies in the -commerce environment. This implies that manufacturing companies, especially logistics companies, must identify and create effective logistics solutions and establish a scientific evaluation system of logistics capability as soon as possible in order to compete on the marketplace.This paper proposes an index system model of logistics capability in e-commerce environment and analyzes it by the method of Fuzzy-AHP. It is organized as follows: Section two establishes a logistics capability index system model; Section three evaluates it based on the method of Fuzzy-AHP; Section four comes into the conclusion.2.Establishing the logistics capability index system model in e-commerce environmentBefore establishing the logistics capability index system model,we must set up an evaluation index system first. Table 1 illustrates an evaluation index system of logistics capability.Table 1 Evaluation index system of logistics capability in e-commerce environment3．Evaluation of logistics capability based on Fuzzy-AHP in e-commerce environmentAnalytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a method for ranking decision alternatives and selecting the best one when the decision maker has multiple criteria. This method was first presented by Saaty (1980). With AHP, the decision maker selects the alternative that best meets his or her decision criteria developing a numerical score to rank each decision alternative based on how well each alternative meets them. The AHP is a powerful and flexible multi-criteria decision-making tool for dealing with complex problems where both qualitative and quantitative aspects need to be considered. So, AHP has been widely used as a useful multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) tool or a weightestimation technique in many areas, such as selection, evaluation, planning and development, decision making, forecasting ，and SO on ．In general ，evaluation and calculation in AHP can be divided into four stages: scoring the alternatives under each criterion, weighting the criterion, calculating the final score and rank and fina1 decision.Though the purpose of AHP is to capture the expert ’s knowledge, the conventional AHP still cannot reflect the hum an thinking style. In many practical cases, the human preference model is uncertain, and decision-makers might be reluctant or unable to assign exact numerical values to the comparison judgments. Therefore, a method based on Fuzzy-AHP can help to make an effective decision. By this way, we can deal with the uncertainty and vagueness in the decision process.The Fuzzy-AHP technique can be viewed as an advanced analytical method developed from the traditional AHP. Despite the convenience of AHP in handling both quantitative and qualitative criteria of multi-criteria decision making problems based on decision makers ’ judgments, fuzziness and vagueness existing in many decision-making problems may contribute to the imprecise judgments of decision makers in conventional AHP approaches (Benyoucef & Canbolat ，2007). In more complex system, the experiences and judgments of human are represented by linguistic and vague patterns. Therefore, a much better representation of this linguistics can be developed as quantitative data. This type of data set is then refined by the evaluation methods of Fuzzy set theory.(1) Define decision criteria in the form of a hierarchy of the assessment index of logistics capacityThe hierarchy is structured on different levels: from the top through intermediate levels to the lowest leve1. We can know from Table 1 that various indicators of the logistics capacity are divided into three levels. The first level is defined as U= (U1, U2, U3, U4). The next levels are expressed as Ui=(uil, ui2, ..., uij), i=1, 2, ..., m; j=1, 2, ...,n.(2) Determine the index weight set“Expert Choice ” as a tool for crisp AHP can determine the contribution of each ratio in creating inconsistency and the ratio with the most contribution. Using AHP, starting from the research objectives, the authors select twenty senior experts which are good at logistics, supply chain management, e-commerce and so on. Give them the form s of consultation, and repeatedly, sought the comment, then construct the evaluation matrixes of logistics capability.Firstly, weight the criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives as a function of their importance for the corresponding element of the higher leve1. For this purpose, AHP uses simple pair-wise comparisons to determine weights and ratings, so that the analyst can concentrate on just two factors at one time. Construct each level of the evaluation matrixes of logistics capability. Determine the order and relative weights of each element in each level by constructing the comparative matrixes and the mathematical methods. The expert scoring method is mainly used in this step.c= (ij c ), i=1, 2, ...n, j=1,2, ...n, ij c =i c /j c⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=mn m C c ...c c ............c ...c c c ...c c 21m 2n 22211n 1211In the matri,ij C means i C relative importance of j C .It is described by ”1-9 scaling ”(Cebeci,2009)(see Table 2).Table 2 1-9 ScalingSecondly, after a judgment matrix has been developed, a priority vector to weight the elements of the matrix is calculated. This is the normalized eigenvector of the matrix. Calculate the matrix structure to derive the greatest characteristic root:∑∑====n i i i ni i i nW BW nW W B 11max )()(λ Then, find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and test the consistency. After a good comparisonmatrix structure, the authors obtained the relative weight matrix factors: w=Tw w w w ）（4321,,, , where, 1w is the influence weight of the i kind of factors. Then test the consistency of the matrix. At first, calculate the index of deviating from the consistency, as 1n n-max -=λCI , find out the index of averagerandom consistency RI and then calculate the proportion of consistency RICI CR =. If CR<0.1, it means that the matrix has satisfying consistency (Yang, 2009). Finally, we can gain the weight results by the single order and total order.(3) Determine the reviews setThe evaluation index system of logistics contains a large number of qualitative indicators that are difficult to quantify. In order to facilitate to evaluate and compare, this article have five(excellent, good, medium, poor, bad) reviews set,namely: V=(V1 ，V2，V3，V4,V5)=(excellent, good, medium, poor, bad). Review set is an aggregate from all kinds of possible evaluation results.(4) Determine the Fuzzy evaluation matrixTo obtain the evaluation set data by Delphi method, the assessment expels give the Fuzzy choices on various indicators. Statistics the evaluation index system of selection results from the experts, and then calculate in accordance with the established Fuzzy mode1. After finishing the survey results and statistics, we can get Fuzzy evaluation transformation matrix R.⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡==521252221151211ij k .....................5*r n n n r r r r r r r r r n R ）（ where i=1,2,..., n; n =1, 2, 3, ...; k=-I, 2, 3, 4; j =1,2, ...5.(5) Comprehensive evaluationUsing Fuzzy evaluation method to obtain the comprehensive Fuzzy evaluation set. For example, to evaluate U1, U2, U3, U4, and then get the comprehensive evaluation results Bl, B2, B3, B4. Then using the obtained evaluation results, we can get the results B of the first level U, which is the tota1 evaluation result. The comprehensive evaluation results are Fuzzy set of the reviews sets. In practice, we can quantitative the elements of the reviews set in order to reflect all the reviews information, such as V=(excellent, good, medium, poor, bad) = (10, 8, 6, 4, 2). Then we will obtain the comprehensive evaluation scores of logistics suppliers, according to its sort of e-commerce capabilities to select the best logistics suppliers.4．ConclusionUsing the comprehensive evaluation method of Fuzzy-AHP, not only all factors are considered in the whole evaluation process, but also all the information at all levels of evaluation are kept. The results are in good to reflect the actual situation of logistics capabilities, and can be easily translated into specific points, to facilitate comparison of high and low levels of logistics. Logistics companies can diagnose their own weaknesses in the area of logistics in order to enhance their competitiveness. References:Aldin, N.& Stahre, F.. (2003). Electronic commerce, marketing cannels and logistics platform一A wholesaler perspective. European Journal of Operational Research, 144(1), 270-279.Benyoucef, M. & Canbolat, M.. (2007). Fuzzy AHP-Based supplier selection in e-procurement. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 3(3), l 72-l 92.Cebeci, U.. (2009). Fuzzy AHP-based decision support system for selecting ERP systems in textile industry by using balanced scorecard. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(7), 8900-8909. Gimnez, C. & Ventura, E.. (2003). Supply chain management as a competitive advantage in the Spanish grocery sector. The International Journal of Logistic Management , 14(1), 77-88.Morash, E, Droge, C. & Vickery, S.. (1996). Boundary spanning interfaces between logistics, production, marketing and NPD. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 26(8), 43-62.Qureshi, M. N, Kumar, P. &Kumar, D.. (2009). Framework for benchmarking logistics performance using Fuzzy AHP. International Journal of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling, (5), 82-98.Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process New York:McGraw-Hil1.Weber, C . L, Hendrickson, C. T, Matthews, H.S, Nagengast, A, Nealer, R. & Jaramillo, P.. (2009). Life cycle comparison of traditional retail and e-commerce logistics for electronic products: A case study of buy.corn. Sustainable Systems and Technology, 5,1-6.Yang, L.. (2009)．Empirical analysis on the development of agri-food logistics in Hebei province. Co-operative Economy and Science, 6-8.。