(完整版)自然拼读法的基本规则(全面总结)

自然拼读法的基本规则(全面总结）48个国际音标长元音/ɑ:/ /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ /i:/ /u:/短元音/ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /e/ /æ/双元音/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/ /əʊ/ /aʊ/轻辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/轻辅音/ʃ//h/ /ts/ /tʃ/ /tr/浊辅音/ʒ/ /r/ /dz/ /dʒ/ /dr/鼻音/m/ /n/ /ŋ/半元音/j/ / w/边音/ǀ/48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。

语音知识:1)字母：语言的书写形式。

元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2) 音素：音的最小的单位。

英语中有48个音素，即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3) 元音音素：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有20个元音。

4) 辅音音素：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。

英语中有28辅音。

5) 音节：由元音音素和辅音音素构成的发音单位。

含有一个元音音素的声音片段就是一个音节。

例如：hi,mom，first单音节词，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand多音节词。

音节的划分对于单词的读音至关重要，我们所要学习的自然拼读发音规律，其实都是针对单音节单词的，对于多音节单词，我们要先把单词划分成为一个一个的音节，然后在对每个音节应用自然平度发音规律。

6) 开音节：①辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due;②辅音+元音he，go，hi。

7) 闭音节：①辅音+元音+辅音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;②元音+辅音it。

8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

字母或字母组合与音素之间的对应规则大揭秘（1）辅音字母的读音：①音形一致的字母和字母组合：b[b] ,p [p], m[ m], f [ f], d [d], t[t], n[n], l [ l ],g [g], k [k], h [h], r [r], v [v], w [w], z [z], dr [ dr] dress, tr [tr]tree, ts [ts] cats②音形不一致的字母： c [k] [s] call,city，g[g] [dʒ]get,geography , j [dʒ]jacket,enjoy, x [ks] [gz]box,exam, y [j]yellow, s [s] [z] some,always③最常见的辅音字母组合的拼读：sh [ʃ] shoe,finish, ch [tʃ]chair,teacher th[θ][ð] think,brother, ph[f]photo, ck[k]black , kn[n]know,knife, ng[ŋ]long, qu[ kw]question,queen, tch [tʃ]watch,catch, wh [w][h]what,who, wr [r]write,wrong, ds [dz]beds④常见辅音词头：bl-[bl]blue, br-[br]bread, gl-[gl]glass ,gr-[gr]great,kl- [kl-]clean ,kr-[kr]cross ,fl-,fr-,pl-,pr-,sk-,sl-,sm-,sn-,sp-,st-,str-,sw-⑤常见辅音词尾：-ple[-pl]apple ,-ble[-bl]table , -tle/ttle[-tl]little, -dle/ddle [-dl]middle,-cle[-kl]uncle, -ften[-fn]often, -son/sson[-sn] [-zn]lesson,season-ven[-vn]seven⑥另外，单词中有些时候辅音字母会不发音。

b在t,m后，不发音doubt,climb,tombg在n前不发音sign,design,resignh在词首不发音hour,honorl在f,k,m前一般不发音calf,talk,clam,在could里也没有发音⑦另还需特说明一下辅音字母y的发音：y在词首时，通常发辅音[j] yes，yellow当y在单词词尾，而且这个单词里面没有其他元音字母时，此时y通常发元音音素/aɪ/my,sky,cry而当y在一个较长一些的单词词尾时，这个单词里面没有其他元音时，y通常发元音音素/i:/baby,city,hurry,cherry（2.）元音字母的读音：①开音节的拼读：A发字母本身音[ei] age, ate, name, cake, lake, take, make, game, gave, made, late, came, bate, date, face, gate, hate, page, race, same, tame, wake, gave, famous, lady, bake等。

E发字母本身音[i:] be, these, me, he, she, we, 等。

I发字母本身音[ai] I ,bike, China, like, fine, five, kite, nice, wide, Friday, ride, white, write, Chinese, ice, line, mine, life, idea, nine, 等。

O发字母本身音[əʊ] ago, radio, go, photo, rode, old, told, hold, cold, home, those, kilo, so, homework, phone, also, no, note, robot, nose, hope, joke,close, stone, clothes, broken等。

U发字母本身音[ju:] cute, bute, mute, fume, men, pupil, argue, use, 等。

②闭音节的拼读：A发[æ ]口型要打大at, bad, band, apple，fat, has, am, and, cat, cap, bag, had,grand,carry,back,ran,badly,angry,sad,flat,map,mat,van,man,swam,catch,h and, fantastic, thank, black, panda, that, happy, activity, drank, dragon, taxi, 等。

E发[e] when, met, them, smell, tell, ball, clever, every, help, better, west, then, yes,fell,desk, red, yellow, pencil, bed, bedroom, dress, festival, get, telephone, egg, went, leg, twenty, next, let, men等I发[i] lift,big, dinner, fish, listen, it, is, six, this, in, sister, his, him, bit, little, river, picnic, think, city, with, finish, sit, chick, skip, miss, nothing, pink, picture, visit, swim, ticket等O发[ɒ] drop, shop, box, bottle, coffee, lost, cross, long, pop, stop, dog, not, body, box, clock, computer, doll, got, hot, pocket, office, point, lots, doctorU发[ʌ] us, study, funny, but, bus, sun, Sunday, summer, hurry, mum, under, understand, cut, duck, truck, lucky, fun, gun等③字母组合的读音也是有规律可循的。

如;ea, ee字母组合的发[i:]音：tea, clean, team, eat, east, speak, please, each, easy, read, sea, teacher，need, cheese, wheel, feel, agree, green, week,thirteen, three, deep, peep, weep, sleep, jeep, see, feet, street, teeth, meet, week部分ea字母组合发[e]：bread, heavy, breakfast, weather, head, headache, ready, deaf,oa字母组合的发[əʊ]音：road, boat, coat,loafir,ur字母组合的发[ɜ:]音：girl, bird, thirsty, third, first, birthday, circle, sir, shirt, skirt, dirty, skirt,turn,turtle,purplear组合字母发[ɑ:]音{（a在s, ss前）也发[a:]}：hard, card, park, art, car, are, dark, arm, farmer, market, party, large, star, argue，farclass, vase, glass, pass, last, past, task,, mast, vast, cast, fast等ow字母组合有时发[əʊ]音：window, yellow, show, slow, sow, tow, bow, mow, 等ou, ow字母组合有时发[au]音mouth, about,, house, housework, south, how, now, town,等。

oo字母组合有时发发[u]音：hood ,头巾wool ,羊毛look ,good , foot, room, football, took, cook wood, book, goodbye,oo字母组合有时发[ u: ]food, moon, tool, pool, zoo, too, school, cool, toothear字母组合有时发[ɪə]音：tear，dear，fear，gear，hear，near，shear，rear，ear字母组合有时和air一样发[eə ]：bear, tear, wear, pear,oy，oi字母组合发[ ɔɪ]音: boy, toy,coy腼腆的, foy告别宴会, soy酱油voice,noise,pointight 字母组合发[ ai ]音：right, light, night, fight, might, tightay字母组合发[ ei]音: stay, say, day, hay干草, lay设置-tion,-sion字母组合发[ʃn]音nation,sation,[ʒn]音decisionough,augh字母组合发/ɒ/音，bought(buy过去式）,caught（catch过去式）ew字母组合发[ u: ]音:blew(blow过去式）,drew（draw过去式）,new, grew （grow过去式）④在单词的非重读音节中，元音字母a,e,i,o,u都发相同的音，这个音在英语中叫schwa(弱读），即我们经常听到的/ə/常见的单词前缀和后缀①前缀dis－加在名词、形容词，动词之前,表示否定。